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1
Pezzotti, Giuseppe. "Measurements of Microscopic Stresses in Si-Based Polycrystalline Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 287 (June 2005): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.287.438.
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Many of the properties of Si-based ceramics, including their structural behavior, are strongly influenced by their micro/nanostructure and by the microscopic residual stress fields piled up during processing and/or usage. The electron beam, used as a sharp and reliable probe for high-resolution cathodoluminescence (CL) assessments, can routinely provide a suitable tool for assessing both the structural and the mechanical characteristics of Si-based ceramics on a sub-micrometer scale. Although the full development of stress-related CL techniques is still in embryo, we show here the possibility of assessing microscopic stress fields inside a field-emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). This new assessment takes advantage of the piezo-spectroscopic effect on selected bands of CL spectra and it is applied here to both β-silicon nitride (Si3N4) and β-silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics. CL spectra in both materials arise from their peculiar optically active defects. Experimental assessments of microstress fields may open a completely new perspective in the development of high-performance Si-based ceramics because one can directly visualize how residual stresses distribute within the material micro/nanostructure and miniaturized devices.
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Xekalakis, Georgios, Paris Fokaides, and Petros Christou. "The importance and challenges of data collection in risk assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 608 (2025): 05007. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560805007.
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Reliable data collection is paramount for assessing and mitigating risks posed by natural hazards and climate change to urban sustainability and resilience. This study underscores the significance of diverse data collection methods, including field surveys, artificial intelligence (AI) analysis, and satellite imagery, each essential for developing robust risk assessment frameworks. Field surveys offer detailed insights into structural and non-structural building components, critical for localized risk assessments. AI enhances data processing efficiency, crucial for handling extensive datasets and enabling rapid response capabilities. Satellite imagery provides comprehensive area coverage, invaluable for strategic planning and emergency management in large or inaccessible areas. However, these methods also present unique challenges. Field surveys are resource-intensive and susceptible to environmental conditions, which can affect data accuracy. AI, while efficient, requires high-quality data and may struggle with complex scenarios that deviate from its training data. Satellite imagery, although broad-reaching, may lack the necessary resolution for detailed assessments and is dependent on weather conditions. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensuring the integrity and reliability of risk assessments. By continuously refining these methods and maintaining high standards for data quality and ethical considerations, we can better prepare for and mitigate the impacts of natural hazards and climate change. This commitment to advancing data collection techniques is essential for protecting our built environments and ensuring community resilience.
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Koubaa, Yamen, Rym Srarfi Tabbane, and Rim Chaabouni Jallouli. "On the use of structural equation modeling in marketing image research." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 26, no. 2 (2014): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-10-2013-0113.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the use of structural equation modeling in one specific field of marketing research, the image research. Design/methodology/approach – A meta-analysis of a sample of image marketing works using structural equation modeling (SEM). The period of investigation is limited to the last five years to test for possible positive return of previous assessments of SEM use on the current SEM application. Findings – Following this work, three major conclusions emerged: the study of homogenous samples of SEM models is required to get to accurate assessment of using the technique; SEM application is getting better probably due to learning from SEM reviews; and the reliance on a conjoint assessment of the various SEM issues is necessary to avoid parsimonious assessments. This study has provided a concise and refreshed view on the use of SEM in one marketing field, the image research. Research limitations/implications – 47 SEM papers and 99 models along five years were examined through this research. Although the authors reviewed four of the most consulted databases in marketing, the authors might miss several interesting works not available in these databases during the investigation. It is interesting to add on the works reviewed in this study and to re-conduct the analysis. The objective is not to doubt the consistency of SEM image research but to provide writers and readers with tools that enable them to produce better quality SEM research. Moreover, the quantitative analysis could be larger. Future research can consider computing other statistics. Finally, in the standards of most of marketing journals, this paper is a bit long. But as suggested by Babin et al., journal editors should allow more space to SEM-based reviews as the nature of the discussion requires lengthening. Practical implications – Mastering the statistical tool in marketing research is as important as mastering the conceptual tool. Statistical learning and/or cooperation with statisticians is recommended. Originality/value – A multi-criteria review of works from one specific field in marketing research and across a recent period of time allowing for the test of possible positive return from previous reviews of SEM use on the quality of the current publications of SEM papers.
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Jabbar, Zinah Ayad, and Hussein Yousif Aziz. "A Review Study on Structural Evaluation of Bridges, Methods, and Applications." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1507, no. 1 (2025): 012053. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1507/1/012053.
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Abstract The evaluation of the bridge structure ensures its structural integrity, functionality, and safety. By systematically identifying and addressing potential issues, the assessment aims to maintain the bridge’s reliability and extend its service life. This paper classifies the techniques into five basic groups: visual inspection, load testing, non-destructive evaluation, structural health monitoring, and finite element modelling. These techniques and current advancements were discussed and categorized into distinct types, and their advantages and limitations were analyzed. A review of theoretical and field assessments of bridges has been conducted, and recent application studies for evaluating bridges in Iraq were highlighted. The primary aim of this study is to assist researchers in understanding the evaluation methods and applications of studies conducted in Iraq.
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Sumeru, Indrawati, Suradjin Sutjipto, William Supardjo, and Sherrica Augustin Sucipto. "Structural Evaluation of a Low-Rise Steel Building in Jakarta." Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health 3, no. 5 (2024): 1086–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ajesh.v3i5.326.
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Due to increasing awareness of human safety, Indonesia has mandated that all operational buildings obtain a Certificate of Occupancy. Consequently, existing structures must undergo a structural assessment before being granted this certificate. Evaluating older buildings poses significant challenges, especially when comprehensive records are lacking, and budgets do not allow for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). This study presents the structural evaluation findings of a three-story steel building in Jakarta. Using visual inspections, field measurements, and limited available data, an analytical model representing the building's actual condition was developed. The evaluation followed three procedures: Tier 1 and Tier 2 evaluations of ASCE 41-17 and proportional seismic forces. These procedures aimed to gauge the structural integrity and identify areas vulnerable to failure during a severe earthquake. The assessment focused on the ductility of the seismic force-resisting system components and the strength of beam-column joint connections against specified acceptance criteria. The findings highlight critical insights into the building’s structural performance, informing decisions on necessary measures such as structural reinforcement, occupancy restrictions, or demolition. This study underscores the importance of thorough structural assessments in ensuring the safety and resilience of older buildings in earthquake-prone regions.
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Tan, Nicholas Y. Q., Chelvin C. A. Sng, Jost B. Jonas, Tien Yin Wong, Nomdo M. Jansonius, and Marcus Ang. "Glaucoma in myopia: diagnostic dilemmas." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 10 (2019): 1347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313530.
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Myopic eyes have an increased risk of glaucoma. However, glaucomatous changes in a myopic eye are often difficult to detect. Classic structural and functional investigations to diagnose glaucoma may be confounded by myopia. Here, we identify some of the common pitfalls in interpreting these structural parameters, and the possible solutions that could be taken to overcome them. For instance, in myopic eyes, we discuss the limitations and potential sources of error when using neuroretinal rim parameters, and retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measurements. In addition, we also review new developments and potential adjuncts in structural imaging such as the assessment of the retinal nerve fibre layer texture, and the examination of the microcirculation of the optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography angiography. For the functional assessment of glaucoma, we discuss perimetric strategies that may aid in detecting characteristic visual field defects in myopic glaucoma. Ultimately, the evaluation of glaucoma in myopia requires a multimodal approach, to allow correlation between structural and functional assessments. This review provides overview on how to navigate this diagnostic dilemma.
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David, Daniel R., Jeff Hansen, Ryan Lowe, Adi Kurniawan, Hugh Wolgamot, and Dirk Rijnsdorp. "MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMISATION AND COASTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS OF WAVE FARMS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (October 2, 2023): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.93.
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To add to the global renewable energy mix, ocean waves are a consilient and energy-dense untapped resource. However, to generate power on a commercial scale, wave energy converters (WECs) will need to be deployed in arrays or “wave farms”. When deployed as a farm, WECs interact with each other hydrodynamically through the radiated and/or scattered waves. These interactions can either enhance or diminish the overall performance of the system commonly referred to as the “interaction factor (q)” or “park effect”. Thus it is crucial to understand these array interactions to minimize destructive effects. Furthermore, wave farms deployed nearshore have the potential to modify the downstream hydrodynamics and may alter the nearshore circulation patterns due to the attenuation of the wave field. Such changes to the nearshore hydrodynamics may in turn alter sediment transport pathways and could lead to erosion and/or accretion of beaches. This implies that for a commercialscale deployment, understanding how the array interacts with the incident wave field is critical for both understanding power production (and the levelized cost of energy) and potential downstream impacts. The overarching aim of this work is to advance the wave energy industry towards commercial-scale deployment by leading to more efficient/optimal designs (with reduced levelized cost).
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Umap1, V. S. "Study and Evaluation of Conditional Assessment of RCC Structures for Repair and Retrofitting Using NDT Modules." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem46663.
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Abstract - The structural integrity of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures is crucial for ensuring long-term safety and performance in both residential and industrial applications. Over time, these structures are subjected to various environmental stresses and loadings that can lead to deterioration, compromising their safety and functionality. The conditional assessment of RCC structures plays a pivotal role in evaluating the extent of damage and determining the need for repair and retrofitting interventions. This study focuses on the evolution and advancements in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques used for assessing the condition of RCC structures. NDT methods, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and Rebound Hammer, provide essential data for evaluating concrete quality, detecting cracks, corrosion, and identifying hidden defects without causing damage to the structure. The research explores how the integration of various NDT techniques has improved the accuracy and reliability of condition assessments, enabling better decision-making in repair and retrofitting strategies. By analysing case studies and experimental data, this paper examines the effectiveness of different NDT modules in diagnosing structural issues and the evolution of assessment methodologies in response to emerging challenges in civil engineering. Ultimately, the findings of this study aim to highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and technological advancement in the field of RCC structural assessment, providing insights for engineers and researchers focused on improving the longevity and safety of civil infrastructure. Key Words: Environmental Stresses, Assessments, Decision Making, Enabling, Corrosion, Longevity, Diagnosing, Retrofitting.
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Umap, V. S. "Study and Evaluation of Conditional Assessment of RCC Structures for Repair and Retrofitting Using NDT Modules." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem46656.
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Abstract - The structural integrity of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures is crucial for ensuring long-term safety and performance in both residential and industrial applications. Over time, these structures are subjected to various environmental stresses and loadings that can lead to deterioration, compromising their safety and functionality. The conditional assessment of RCC structures plays a pivotal role in evaluating the extent of damage and determining the need for repair and retrofitting interventions. This study focuses on the evolution and advancements in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques used for assessing the condition of RCC structures. NDT methods, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and Rebound Hammer, provide essential data for evaluating concrete quality, detecting cracks, corrosion, and identifying hidden defects without causing damage to the structure. The research explores how the integration of various NDT techniques has improved the accuracy and reliability of condition assessments, enabling better decision-making in repair and retrofitting strategies. By analysing case studies and experimental data, this paper examines the effectiveness of different NDT modules in diagnosing structural issues and the evolution of assessment methodologies in response to emerging challenges in civil engineering. Ultimately, the findings of this study aim to highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and technological advancement in the field of RCC structural assessment, providing insights for engineers and researchers focused on improving the longevity and safety of civil infrastructure. Key Words: Environmental Stresses, Assessments, Decision Making, Enabling, Corrosion, Longevity, Diagnosing, Retrofitting.
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Li, Rou-Han, Hong-Nan Li, and Chao Li. "Seismic Performance Assessment of RC Frame Structures Subjected to Far-Field and Near-Field Ground Motions Considering Strain Rate Effect." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 10 (2018): 1850127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501274.
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This paper investigates the influence of strain rate effect on the seismic performance of Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures subjected to far-field and near-field ground motions. An approach for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC frame structures considering the strain-rate sensitivity of concrete and reinforcing steel materials is proposed and its effectiveness is validated by the experimental data of RC columns under dynamic loadings. A non-dimensional index is put forward to reveal the regularities of strain rate under different types of ground motions with various intensity levels. The influences of strain rate effect and input ground motion on the seismic performance of the exemplar RC frame are studied by comparing the seismic responses and fragilities of rate-dependent structural models with those of rate-independent ones. Numerical results indicate that the strain rates in structural members increase with the ground motion intensity and the strain rates induced by the near-field pulse-like earthquakes are higher than those by the far-field and near-field non-pulse-like earthquakes. The global response, critical member response, local damage and seismic fragility are all influenced by the strain rate effect, especially under the near-field pulse-like ground motions. Neglecting the influences of strain rate effect, variations in strain rates of different structural members and inputs of pulse-like ground motions may lead to erroneous seismic performance assessments of RC frame structures.
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BANDYOPADHYAY, D. "Structural Condition Assessment from Simple Field Test Data." IABSE Congress Report 16, no. 9 (2000): 1162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137900796313852.
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Abhishek, Ranjan, Prasad Dhananjay, Kumar Anand Atul, and Kumar Tiwary Rajesh. "Correlation between the Pressure-to-Cornea Index and both Structural and Functional Measures of Glaucoma." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 5 (2024): 1860–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12772435.
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This longitudinal observational study, conducted at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital from December 2019 to November 2023, examined the correlation between the Pressure-to-Cornea Index (PCI) and key glaucoma indicators such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve head (ONH) cup-to-disc ratio, and visual field mean deviation (MD). The findings revealed significant associations, with higher PCI values correlating with thinner RNFL, increased ONH cupping, and greater visual field loss. These results suggest that PCI, by integrating intraocular pressure with corneal thickness, offers a more nuanced metric for assessing glaucoma severity and progression. The study highlights the potential of PCI to enhance the accuracy of glaucoma diagnostics and management, advocating for its inclusion in clinical assessments.
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Abhishek, Ranjan, Prasad Dhananjay, Kumar Anand Atul, and Kumar Tiwary Rajesh. "Correlation between the Pressure-to-Cornea Index and both Structural and Functional Measures of Glaucoma." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 4 (2024): 1333–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12787344.
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This longitudinal observational study, conducted at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital from December 2019 to November 2023, examined the correlation between the Pressure-to-Cornea Index (PCI) and key glaucoma indicators such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve head (ONH) cup-to-disc ratio, and visual field mean deviation (MD). The findings revealed significant associations, with higher PCI values correlating with thinner RNFL, increased ONH cupping, and greater visual field loss. These results suggest that PCI, by integrating intraocular pressure with corneal thickness, offers a more nuanced metric for assessing glaucoma severity and progression. The study highlights the potential of PCI to enhance the accuracy of glaucoma diagnostics and management, advocating for its inclusion in clinical assessments.
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Rucka, Magdalena. "Special Issue: “Non-Destructive Testing of Structures”." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214996.
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The Special Issue “Non-Destructive Testing of Structures” has been proposed to present recent developments in the field of diagnostics of structural materials and components in civil and mechanical engineering. The papers highlighted in this editorial concern various aspects of non-invasive diagnostics, including such topics as condition assessments of civil and mechanical structures and connections of structural elements, the inspection of cultural heritage monuments, the testing of structural materials, structural health monitoring systems, the integration of non-destructive testing methods, advanced signal processing for the non-destructive testing of structures (NDT), damage detection and damage imaging, as well as modeling and numerical analyses for supporting structural health monitoring (SHM) systems.
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Davies, P. E., J. H. Harris, T. J. Hillman, and K. F. Walker. "The Sustainable Rivers Audit: assessing river ecosystem health in the Murray - Darling Basin, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 7 (2010): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09043.
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The Sustainable Rivers Audit (SRA) is a systematic assessment of the health of river ecosystems in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia. It has similarities to the United States’ Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, the European Water Framework Directive and the South African River Health Program, but is designed expressly to represent functional and structural links between ecosystem components, biophysical condition and human interventions in the MDB. Environmental metrics derived from field samples and/or modelling are combined as indicators of condition in five themes (Hydrology, Fish, Macroinvertebrates, Vegetation and Physical Form). Condition indicator ratings are combined using expert-system rules to indicate ecosystem health, underpinned by conceptual models. Reference condition, an estimate of condition had there been no significant human intervention in the landscape, provides a benchmark for comparisons. To illustrate, a synopsis is included of health assessments in 2004–2007. This first audit completed assessments of condition and ecosystem health at the valley scale and in altitudinal zones, and future reports will include trend assessments. SRA river-health assessments are expected to play a key role in future water and catchment management through integration in a Basin Plan being developed by the Murray–Darling Basin Authority for implementation after 2011. For example, there could be links to facilitate monitoring against environmental targets.
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Kadar, Rozita, Syarifah Adilah Mohamed Yusoff, Saiful Nizam Warris, and Mohd Saifulnizam Abu Bakar. "Students’ Assessments in Learning Programming based on Bloom’s Taxonomy." Journal of Computing Research and Innovation 6, no. 3 (2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v6i3.223.
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Learning a program is important for all students, not only students from the field of computer science but all fields. Programming languages are different from human communication languages as they have different structural forms. This makes it difficult for beginners especially for non-computer science students to understand the structure of programming languages. Therefore, to learn and understand the programming language more effectively, this article focuses on the important structure in learning a program from the initial stage to the advanced level suitable for non-computer science students. The objective of this article is to suggest important elements that can be assessed on these students which are to measure their understanding as they learn programming languages. The questions proposed to measure students' understanding were based on Bloom's Taxonomy, which covers six levels of understanding. It is hoped that this assessment proposal can act as a guideline for educators in fully focusing on important matters during the teaching and learning process.
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Lakusic, Stjepan. "EUCENTRE and seismic emergency: technical preparedness activities and response after the central Italy earthquake." Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 73, no. 04 (2021): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.3049.2020.
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The ASA (Advanced Seismic Assessment) module is a post-earthquake technical intervention service, developed over the years by the EUCENTRE Foundation through a series of national and European pilot projects, field exercises, and direct experience, after the latest major seismic events that struck Italy since 2009. The system consists of a service managed at the headquarters in Pavia for the development of damage scenarios, and of a mobile unit for the on-site damage assessments. After the Central Italy earthquake, the Foundation has been involved for about eight months in several activities, including provision of technical support to the Italian Department of Civil Protection, joint reconnaissance with internationally acknowledged research institutes.
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BOLSHAKOV, V. I., М. А. KOTOV, І. М. ILIEV, and O. B. ZAGORODNY. "APPLICATION OF EXPERT AND FRACTAL ASSESSMENTS IN FORECASTING THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION STEEL." Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment of Metals 4, no. 4 (2022): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.pmhtm.2413.271222.32.908.
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Introduction. Different approaches are used to study the structure and properties of structural steels. The properties of steels are determined using traditional methods (physical methods, field tests, X-ray analysis, microscopy, etc.). Structure studies are also carried out using traditional methods based on Euclid's integer geometry. A similar approximation of structural elements by Euclid's figures leads to a decrease in the accuracy of forecast models due to the complex shape of its elements. The reason for this is the fractality (fine dimensionality) of most elements of the material structure. The paper proposes an approach based on a combination of expert and fractal assessments when creating a forecast model for the quality of construction steel. Materials and methods. Construction steel 20 in the mode of factory delivery was studied. The steel had a ferrite-pearlite structure. Mechanical tests and determination of chemical composition were carried out in accordance with the existing regulatory documents (DSTU 7809). The content of pearlite in steel ranged from 10 to 18 %, depending on the amount of carbon. Ferrite occupied the entire other part of the area of the slide examined under the Neophot-2 optical microscope. The results of the experiment. Expert assessment was used to predict mechanical indicators of strength with the aim of reducing material and time costs for conducting field tests with metal samples. The effect of the ferrite-pearlite structure on the mechanical characteristics of strength was investigated by comparing the fractal evaluations of the structure with the indicators of mechanical tests. It has been established that an increase in the fractal dimension of pearlite has a positive effect on the growth of strength indicators of steel 20. A similar effect is, in a certain way, associated with the change in the shape of pearlite grains in the process of changing the amount of carbon in steel within the limits of regulatory documents. Conclusions. For structural steel 20, models for assessing its mechanical characteristics were obtained using the fractal dimensions of structural elements and expert assessments. Coefficients of pairwise correlation of regression equations are recorded in the range of 0.65...0.85. The obtained results can be used to forecast strength indicators of steel, which is especially relevant when assessing its residual resource during operation.
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Serhiienko, O. V., L. D. Solodovnyk, T. M. Нarbovska, and L. O. Radchenko. "ASSESSMENTS OF STRUCTURAL YIELD INDICATORS OF CUCUMBER GENOTYPES USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS." Vegetable and Melon Growing, no. 74 (January 27, 2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32717/0131-0062-2023-74-33-39.
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Abstract. Purpose: to select promising starting materials of cucumber genotypes using multivariate analysis based on yield indicators for further use in the breeding of heterozygous hybrids. Methods. The study was conducted outdoors at the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS in 2021-2023. Seventeen breeding accessions from the Institute's working collection were studied. Traditional methods were used in the study: field, laboratory, and statistical methods. Results. Using cluster analysis, we evaluated the genetic similarity or dissimilarity between cucumber genotypes by yield indicators ("total yield", "marketable yield", "yield for the first ten days of fruiting"). The results of cluster analysis indicated that the studied accessions could be combined into four clusters. The inter-cluster differences were significant (Fobs. > Ftable, p < 0.05). Clusters III and IV were characterized by high total and marketable yields, while cluster II had high yields at the first stage of fruiting. Conclusions. The study established that breeding accessions of clusters III (F5І2 'Holub', F7І6 'Kuzia' (stalk), 'Line No. 1720') and IV (CS No. 57 F3 'Asteriks', F7І2 'Pavlyk', F14І6 'Kozyrna Karta', F3 'Oktopus', CS No. 54 F3І1 'Karaoke') can be used as parents for hybrid combinations to improve total and marketable yields, while accessions of clusters II (F15І11 'Toma-18' (whole fruit), F6І3 'Holan. Hibryd', CS No. 59 F3І1 'Kibriia', CS No. 56 F3І1 'Amur', F7І5 'Holub' (whole fruit), F7І5 (F10І5 'Marinda' / F8І6 'No. 11')) and III (F5І2 'Holub', F3 'Oktopus', CS No. 54 F3І1 'Karaoke', F7І6 'Kuziа' (stalk), 'Line No. 1720') can be used to increase yields at the first stage of fruiting in F1 hybrids.
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Zoboli, Lorenzo, Alessandro Anemona, Aldo Di Zenobio, et al. "Updated Structural Assessment of the DTT Poloidal Field Coils." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 32, no. 6 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2022.3156542.
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Zoboli, Lorenzo, Antonio della Corte, Alessandro Anemona, et al. "Structural Assessment of the DTT Poloidal Field Coil System." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 4 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2019.2961894.
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Rogowski, Peter, Sophia Merrifield, Clarence Collins, et al. "Performance Assessments of Hurricane Wave Hindcasts." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (2021): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070690.
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Landfalling tropical cyclones (TC) generate extreme waves, introducing significant property, personal, and financial risks and damage. Accurate simulations of the sea state during these storms are used to support risk and damage assessments and the design of coastal structures. However, the TCs generate a complex surface gravity wave field as a result of the inherently strong temporal and spatial gradients of the wind forcing. This complexity is a significant challenge to model. To advance our understanding of the performance of these models on the eastern seaboard of the United States, we conduct an assessment of four hindcast products, three based on WAVEWATCH-III and the other using the Wave Modeling project, for six major landfall TCs between 2011–2019. Unique to our assessment was a comprehensive analysis of these hindcast products against an array of fixed wave buoys that generate high quality data. The analysis reveals a general tendency for the wave models to underestimate significant wave height (Hs) around the peak of the TC. However, when viewed on an individual TC basis, distinct Hs error patterns are evident. Case studies of hurricanes Sandy and Florence illustrate complex Hs bias patterns, likely resulting from various mechanisms including insufficient resolution, improper wind input and source term parameterization (e.g., drag coefficient), and omission of wave–current interactions. Despite the added challenges of simulating complex wave fields in shallow coastal waters, the higher resolution Wave Information Study and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (ST4 parameterization only) hindcasts perform relatively well. Results from this study illustrate the challenge of simulating the spatial and temporal variability of TC generated wave fields and demonstrate the value of in-situ validation data such as the north Atlantic buoy array.
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Jones, Norman. "Recent Studies on the Dynamic Plastic Behavior of Structures - An Update." Applied Mechanics Reviews 49, no. 10S (1996): S112—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101962.
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This article contains a brief review of the literature, published since the previous Applied Mechanics Reviews article in 1989 [1], on the dynamic plastic response of basic structural members made from ductile metallic type materials. The external dynamic loads cause large inelastic strains in the structural members which dominate material elastic effects. Thus, the external dynamic energy is absorbed plastically and, generally speaking, produces large permanent deformations. This field of research is of interest for the structural crashworthiness and collision protection of land, sea and air transportation systems, as well as the design of energy absorbing systems, and provides vital input into safety calculations and hazard assessments throughout industry.
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Brando, Giuseppe, Davide Rapone, Enrico Spacone, et al. "Damage Reconnaissance of Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings after the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 1_suppl (2017): 243–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/010817eqs009m.
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This paper documents and analyzes the seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings that were damaged by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, and reports on the performance of palaces, giving an overview on the failures suffered by significant examples of these monumental buildings. Field reconnaissance was completed through both rapid, in-situ visual assessment and state-of-the-art procedures utilizing light detection and ranging (lidar) and virtual reality (VR) technologies. Both the visual and virtual assessments were compared for 20 structures and were generally consistent; however, the virtual assessment process enabled detection of damage that could not be captured or was difficult to distinguish in the field observations. Further, both in-plane and out-of-plane mechanisms were analyzed and attributed to specific structural deficiencies that usually characterize poorly detailed masonry buildings. Moreover, wall overturning was correlated with the peculiarities of the pseudo-accelerations and rocking response spectra of the earthquake.
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Flores, Victor Andre Ariza, Claudia Sernaque, Yerko Padilla, and Darwin Cornelio. "Structural integrity assessment in the construction of the Comuneros II Bridge: PIT test case study (ASTM D5882) on abutments." E3S Web of Conferences 563 (2024): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456302008.
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This article presents the results of the pile integrity tests (PIT) according to the ASTM D5882 standard, carried out in the construction project of the Comuneros II Bridge in Huancayo, Peru. The main objective of these tests was to evaluate the structural integrity of the piles used in the bridge, identifying possible failures or damage along its shaft. Testing was conducted using a model FV "PIT Collector" manufactured by Pile Dynamics, Inc., and spanned multiple project locations, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of pile quality. The field services were carried out on July 26, 2022, and the detailed analyses were subsequently carried out in the office. The results obtained were analyzed to verify the consistency and reliability of the piles, providing a detailed view of their structural condition. In addition, the calibration certificates of the sensors used are presented, ensuring the accuracy and validity of the data collected. This study not only contributes to ensuring the safety and durability of the Comuneros II Bridge, but also provides a valuable reference for future structural integrity assessments on similar construction projects.
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Usakli, Ahmet, and Kemal Gurkan Kucukergin. "Using partial least squares structural equation modeling in hospitality and tourism." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 11 (2018): 3462–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2017-0753.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in the field of hospitality and tourism and thereby to assess whether the PLS-SEM-based papers followed the recommended application guidelines and to investigate whether a comparison of journal types (hospitality vs tourism) and journal qualities (top-tier vs other leading) reveal significant differences in PLS-SEM use.Design/methodology/approachA total of 206 PLS-SEM based papers published between 2000 and April 2017 in the 19 SSCI-indexed hospitality and tourism journals were critically analyzed using a wide range of guidelines for the following aspects of PLS-SEM: the rationale of using the method, the data characteristics, the model characteristics, the model assessment and reporting the technical issues.FindingsThe results reveal that some aspects of PLS-SEM are correctly applied by researchers, but there are still some misapplications, especially regarding data characteristics, formative measurement model evaluation and structural model assessment. Furthermore, few significant differences were found on the use of PLS-SEM between the two fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading).Practical implicationsTo enhance the quality of research in hospitality and tourism, the present study provides recommendations for improving the future use of PLS-SEM.Originality/valueThe present study fills a sizeable gap in hospitality and tourism literature and extends the previous assessments on the use of PLS-SEM by providing a wider perspective on the issue (i.e. includes both hospitality and tourism journals rather than the previous reviews that focus on either tourism or hospitality), using a larger sample size of 206 empirical studies, investigating the issue over a longer time period (from 2000 to April, 2017, including the in-press articles), extending the scope of criteria (guidelines) used in the review and comparing the PLS-SEM use between the two allied fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading).
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Coorssen, Jens R., and Matthew P. Padula. "Proteomics—The State of the Field." Proteomes 12, no. 2 (2024): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes12020014.
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With growing recognition and acknowledgement of the genuine complexity of proteomes, we are finally entering the post-proteogenomic era. Routine assessment of proteomes as inferred correlates of gene sequences (i.e., canonical ‘proteins’) cannot provide the necessary critical analysis of systems-level biology that is needed to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and pathways or identify the most selective biomarkers and therapeutic targets. These critical requirements demand the analysis of proteomes at the level of proteoforms/protein species, the actual active molecular players. Currently, only highly refined integrated or integrative top-down proteomics (iTDP) enables the analytical depth necessary to provide routine, comprehensive, and quantitative proteome assessments across the widest range of proteoforms inherent to native systems. Here we provide a broad perspective of the field, taking in historical and current realities, to establish a more balanced understanding of where the field has come from (in particular during the ten years since Proteomes was launched), current issues, and how things likely need to proceed if necessary deep proteome analyses are to succeed. We base this in our firm belief that the best proteomic analyses reflect, as closely as possible, the native sample at the moment of sampling. We also seek to emphasise that this and future analytical approaches are likely best based on the broad recognition and exploitation of the complementarity of currently successful approaches. This also emphasises the need to continuously evaluate and further optimize established approaches, to avoid complacency in thinking and expectations but also to promote the critical and careful development and introduction of new approaches, most notably those that address proteoforms. Above all, we wish to emphasise that a rigorous focus on analytical quality must override current thinking that largely values analytical speed; the latter would certainly be nice, if only proteoforms could thus be effectively, routinely, and quantitatively assessed. Alas, proteomes are composed of proteoforms, not molecular species that can be amplified or that directly mirror genes (i.e., ‘canonical’). The problem is hard, and we must accept and address it as such, but the payoff in playing this longer game of rigorous deep proteome analyses is the promise of far more selective biomarkers, drug targets, and truly personalised or even individualised medicine.
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Kharazian, Alireza, Arianna Guardiola-Villora, Juan José Galiana-Merino, et al. "Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability for a Hospital Building Using Field Data and Various Numerical Analyses Considering Bidirectional Ground Motion Effects." Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010053.
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For the assessment of seismic effects on RC buildings, the real structural condition has to be modelled as accurately as possible. Medical facilities and hospitals have to resist seismic actions and remain operational after seismic events. For this reason, a detailed seismic vulnerability assessment of a hospital building located in Orihuela, Spain, is presented in this paper using a combination of field monitoring data and numerical analysis. Ambient noise measurements from field monitoring using Raspberry Shake-based sensors are used to capture dynamic characteristics that describe the building behaviour. Data from these sensors were used to update and refine the finite element model of the structure for a detailed analysis of the building’s seismic performance. The different analytical procedures included both elastic and inelastic modelling, as well as static and dynamic assessments, to provide an exhaustive evaluation of the building’s behaviour under seismic loads. In the numerical model, the effect of masonry infill walls is considered, taking into account detailed material properties and structural configurations. Furthermore, the study carefully selects ground motion records representing two limit states—Damage Limitation (DL) and Severe Damage (SD)—to conduct an extensive seismic analysis. In each limit state applied to the structure, there are 14 bidirectional ground motions with components alternately directed along the two principal directions of the building. This analysis evaluated the structural response, focusing on torsional effects, inter-storey drift ratios, and the seismic performance of individual components. The results were compared to other analysis types, considering both overall and localised behaviour, to determine the reliability of different approaches. The findings support the idea that field monitoring data should be combined with advanced modelling techniques to achieve a more accurate evaluation of the building’s seismic vulnerability, considering bidirectional effects.
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Ciotta, Vittoria, Domenico Asprone, Gaetano Manfredi, and Edoardo Cosenza. "Building Information Modelling in Structural Engineering: A Qualitative Literature Review." CivilEng 2, no. 3 (2021): 765–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2030042.
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Over the past decade, the fields of civil engineering, i.e., structural engineering, have increasingly used the building information modelling (BIM) approach in both professional practice and as the focus of research. However, the field of structural engineering, which can be seen as a sub-discipline of civil engineering, misses, as far as the authors are aware, a real state-of-the-art on the use of BIM in this regard. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to start bridging that gap. In particular, the authors have conducted a traditional literature review on the utilisation of BIM in structural engineering, enabling them to perform a detailed content analysis of publications. The qualitative investigation of the literature that the authors have conducted has highlighted six main BIM uses in structural engineering: (1) structural analyses; (2) production of shop drawings; (3) optimized structural design, early identification of constructability issues, and a comparison of different structural solutions; (4) seismic risk assessments; (5) existing-condition modelling and retrofitting of structures; and (6) structural health monitoring. Each of these is discussed in relation to their reference workflows; use of information models; information exchanges; and main limitations. In the conclusions, the authors identify current gaps in knowledge, as well as likely developments and improvements in the utilization of BIM in structural engineering. The authors also outline the possible significance of this work more broadly.
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Toth, Csaba, Laszlo Petho, and Szabolcs Rosta. "Performance Characterisation of High RA Asphalt Mixes – A Laboratory and Field Study." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 19, no. 1 (2024): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2024-19.628.
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The research project highlights the significance of incorporating reclaimed asphalt (RA) into hot mix asphalt (HMA) production for sustainable road construction. Despite limited RA utilization in Hungary in the past decades, the project demonstrates the feasibility of manufacturing HMA with significant RA content using advanced technology. The establishment of a capable asphalt plant and the development of laboratory assessments and mix design methodologies laid a solid foundation for future high RA integration in Hungarian road projects. Large-scale production trials confirmed the practicality of integrating high RA content into heavy-duty asphalt mixes with various binder types, including normal bitumen (B), polymer modified binder (PmB), and rubber modified bitumen (GmB). The large-scale validation project described in this paper was based on crucial binder blend designs carried out prior to the trials. Production control and performance-based laboratory testing proved that asphalt mixes can be designed and manufactured with high RA content while maintaining performance standards. Balancing resistance to distress modes like rutting and low-temperature cracking through careful binder blend design and mix design is achievable, even with high RA proportions. Visual assessments and production control indicated the uniformity of high RA content asphalt mixes. The details provided in this paper emphasise the potential for economic and environmental benefits through increased RA utilization in Hungarian road construction.
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Wuyun, Qiqige, Yihan Chen, Yifeng Shen, et al. "Recent Progress of Protein Tertiary Structure Prediction." Molecules 29, no. 4 (2024): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040832.
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The prediction of three-dimensional (3D) protein structure from amino acid sequences has stood as a significant challenge in computational and structural bioinformatics for decades. Recently, the widespread integration of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has substantially expedited advancements in protein structure prediction, yielding numerous significant milestones. In particular, the end-to-end deep learning method AlphaFold2 has facilitated the rise of structure prediction performance to new heights, regularly competitive with experimental structures in the 14th Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP14). To provide a comprehensive understanding and guide future research in the field of protein structure prediction for researchers, this review describes various methodologies, assessments, and databases in protein structure prediction, including traditionally used protein structure prediction methods, such as template-based modeling (TBM) and template-free modeling (FM) approaches; recently developed deep learning-based methods, such as contact/distance-guided methods, end-to-end folding methods, and protein language model (PLM)-based methods; multi-domain protein structure prediction methods; the CASP experiments and related assessments; and the recently released AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (AlphaFold DB). We discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and application scopes, aiming to provide researchers with insights through which to understand the limitations, contexts, and effective selections of protein structure prediction methods in protein-related fields.
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Qi, Junjie. "Bridge Safety Assessment and Management Strategies Under Long-Term Operating Conditions." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 106 (July 16, 2024): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/8857w621.
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In the critical field of civil engineering, maintaining the safety and integrity of bridge structures under long-term operating conditions is a major challenge. This paper examines multifaceted approaches to bridge safety assessment and management, and analyzes the dynamic interactions between environmental factors, material aging, and human impacts on structural health. Key elements of the study include the application of advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies such as wireless sensor networks, fiber optic sensors, and digital image-related technologies. The effectiveness of machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT) systems in improving the predictability and efficiency of security assessments is highlighted. The results of this paper show that technological advances are combined with regular inspections and strategic material use. The combined application of these technologies can significantly improve the long-term safety and reliability of bridge infrastructure. This paper can provide an effective reference for bridge safety evaluation and management strategy under long-term operation conditions.
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Pulido Moncada, Mansonia, Donald Gabriels, Deyanira Lobo, Juan Carlos Rey, and Wim M. Cornelis. "Visual field assessment of soil structural quality in tropical soils." Soil and Tillage Research 139 (June 2014): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.01.002.
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Islami, Rizky Citra, and Agus Nugroho. "Penyusunan Database Konstruksi Reklame Papan Berbasis Informasi Geografis (Studi Kasus: Jalan Gejayan, Jalan Kaliurang dan Jalan Monjali)." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Terapan (JNTT) 2, no. 2 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jntt.42722.
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One of the free trading impacts in Yogyakarta is increasing the number of promotion media invarious forms, such as free standing signs, roof signs, wall signs, or suspended signs. As a tourism citythat has a market share not only domestic but also international, its usual if the entrepreneurcontinuously compete for its product can be accepted by consumers. The used of advertisements in themain roads of Yogyakarta is one of the promotion stage. But in fact, the development of promotionmedia is almost not suitable with the procedures and even threaten the safety of road users. Itsdiscrepancy happen because the lack of supervision from the government in Yogyakarta. In this study,researcher try to evaluate the effectiveness of billboard placement then assess its structure related tothe safety of road users. Input of the structural assessments is using the dimension of billboard and itsmaterial. From the field survey, there are 58 units of billboards at Gejayan Street, 91 unit ofbillboards at Kaliurang Street, and 40 units of billboards at Monjali Street. The evaluation stepdetailed the pole construction and billboard side then done by structural assessment using SAP 2000.After the structural assessment is obtained, input the result of assessment into the geographicinformation system developed by ArcGIS 10.1. The benefit of using geographic information system isthe data can be integrated from spatial map and additional information such as dimension, crosssection image, and structural assessment. The various kinds of material is dominated by steel and ironwith the range of dimension is about 0,4 until 20 m². The structural analysis result showed that 43% ofbillboards, the pole didn’t have structural reliability and the billboard’s side is not suitable tobuttress, so that they need to change their stucture. The research outcomes if its well applied, it cancontribute as evaluation tools that used by government to discipline illegal advertisement billboards.
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Bayley, Daniel T. I., Andrew O. M. Mogg, Heather Koldewey, and Andy Purvis. "Capturing complexity: field-testing the use of ‘structure from motion’ derived virtual models to replicate standard measures of reef physical structure." PeerJ 7 (March 4, 2019): e6540. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6540.
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Reef structural complexity provides important refuge habitat for a range of marine organisms, and is a useful indicator of the health and resilience of reefs as a whole. Marine scientists have recently begun to use ‘Structure from Motion’ (SfM) photogrammetry in order to accurately and repeatably capture the 3D structure of physical objects underwater, including reefs. There has however been limited research on the comparability of this new method with existing analogue methods already used widely for measuring and monitoring 3D structure, such as ‘tape and chain rugosity index (RI)’ and graded visual assessments. Our findings show that analogue and SfM RI can be reliably converted over a standard 10-m reef section (SfM RI = 1.348 × chain RI—0.359, r2 = 0.82; and Chain RI = 0.606 × SfM RI + 0.465) for RI values up to 2.0; however, SfM RI values above this number become increasingly divergent from traditional tape and chain measurements. Additionally, we found SfM RI correlates well with visual assessment grades of coral reefs over a 10 × 10 m area (SfM RI = 0.1461 × visual grade + 1.117; r2 = 0.83). The SfM method is shown to be affordable and non-destructive whilst also allowing the data collected to be archival, less biased by the observer, and broader in its scope of applications than standard methods. This work allows researchers to easily transition from analogue to digital structural assessment techniques, facilitating continued long-term monitoring, whilst also improving the quality and additional research value of the data collected.
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Fivet, Corentin, and Jan Brutting. "Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is reused: structural design for a circular economy." Structural Engineer 98, no. 1 (2020): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/lxah1188.
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Structural designers’ efforts to reduce environmental impacts traditionally consist of developing systems that minimise material quantities or use low-impact materials. A third strategy is currently (re)emerging: the reuse of structural components over multiple service lives and in new layouts. Still in its infancy, this circular economy strategy disrupts structural design practice in many ways: rather than manufacturing components after the design of a system, the system is synthesised from a given stock of reclaimed components; versatility, reversibility and transformability become hard requirements for all loadbearing systems and components; costs, performance and environmental assessments span multiple service lifecycles. There is consequently a sudden lack of expertise, design tools, technological solutions and relevant metrics. This article contextualises the effects of the circular industrial economy upon structural design practice and reviews recent and future developments in the field.
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Yang, Fan, Yu Zhou Sun, and Bo Chen. "Performance Assessment on the Plastic Mortar Culvert Reinforced by Glass Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.565.
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The structural performance of the PMCRGF subjected to the static loading is actively investigated in this study. The structural properties and of the PMCRGF is briefly introduced at first and the construction process of the PMCRGF is discussed. The field measurement on the structural performance of the PMCRGF is carried out. The arrangement and process of the field measurement is illustrated in detail. The structural deformation and stress distribution are also computed based on finite element approach. The structural fine finite element model is constructed with the aiding of the commercial package ANSYS. The stresses at different section are computed and compared with those obtained from the field testing. The made conclusions from field testing and theoretical analysis can provide beneficial instruction for the real application the plastic mortar culvert reinforced by glass fiber (PMCRGF)
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Li, Junlin, and Wei Wang. "Assessments on seismic performance of self-centering hybrid damping systems under far-field and near-field ground motions." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 192 (May 2022): 107209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107209.
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Rupakhety, Rajesh, and Dipendra Gautam. "Seismic Impact on Building Structures: Assessment, Design, and Strengthening." Buildings 14, no. 6 (2024): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061545.
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The changing landscape of building technology, seismic engineering understanding, data, innovative rehabilitation strategies, and computing efficiency have morphed the field of structural earthquake engineering and closely allied fields into one of the most dynamic and vibrant fields of civil engineering, both in research and practice [...]
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Jia, Wendi, and Quanlong Chen. "Aircraft Structural Stress Prediction Based on Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network." Applied Sciences 14, no. 21 (2024): 9995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14219995.
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In the field of aeronautics, aircraft, as a critical aviation tool, exert a decisive influence on the structural integrity and safety of the entire system. Accurate prediction of the stress field distribution and variations within the aircraft structure is of great importance to ensuring its safety performance. To facilitate such predictions, a rapid assessment method for stress fields based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is proposed. Compared to the traditional machine learning algorithm, the random forest algorithm, MLP demonstrates superior accuracy and computational efficiency in stress field prediction, particularly exhibiting enhanced adaptability when handling high-dimensional input data. This method is applied to predict stresses in the wing rib structure. By performing finite element meshing on the wing ribs, the angle of attack, inflow velocity, and node coordinates are utilized as input tensors for the model, enabling it to learn the stress distribution in the wing ribs. Additionally, a peak stress prediction model is separately established for regions experiencing peak stresses. The results indicate that the MAPE of the stress field prediction model is within 5%, with a coefficient of determination R2 exceeding 0.994. For the peak stress model, the MAPE is within 2%, with an R2 exceeding 0.995. This method offers faster computation and greater flexibility, presenting a novel approach for structural strength assessment.
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Allen, Douglas G., and Rebecca A. Atadero. "Evaluating the Long-Term Durability of Externally Bonded FRP via Field Assessments." Journal of Composites for Construction 16, no. 6 (2012): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000305.
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Barreto, Marcelo, and Sidnei Helder Cardoso Teixeira. "Emergency repairs downstream of earth and rockfill dams with water spring with indication of internal erosion." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 17, no. 4 (2024): 2653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v17.4.p2653-2580.
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During periodic dam safety assessments, various anomalies are identified through field inspections, project documentation analysis, and structural behavior monitoring. These assessments aim to detect non-conformities, and engineering design firms propose technical solutions to address these issues. The primary goal of these reviews is to evaluate the overall state of conservation and structural safety, ensuring compliance with updated design criteria, revised standards, changing weather conditions, and technological advances. Dam renovations are crucial for enhancing operational capacity and preventive care. Implementing filtering materials within the dam's body establishes a drainage system to relieve internal pressures on the embankments and foundations. This prevents the washing away of soil particles due to internal erosion, known as "piping," a major cause of dam failures. Piping occurs when soil particles are displaced towards the outside of the embankment through the percolation process, particularly in the upstream area near the dam's base, where high hydraulic gradients and flows make it susceptible. This article presents a set of emergency or long-term solutions to address anomalies related to the onset of internal erosion in dams, with a focus on preventing piping. These solutions are vital for safeguarding the structural integrity and safety of these critical infrastructure components.
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Bagatin, Freja, Ante Prpić, Jelena Škunca Herman, Ognjen Zrinšćak, Renata Iveković, and Zoran Vatavuk. "Correlation between Structural and Functional Changes in Patients with Raised Intraocular Pressure Due to Graves’ Orbitopathy." Diagnostics 14, no. 6 (2024): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060649.
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This study explores the complication of secondary intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and consequent glaucoma development in Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), an autoimmune disorder associated with hyperthyroidism. Utilizing Octopus 900 visual field testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT), the research established correlations between functional and structural changes in optic nerve regions in patients with GO and patients with GO with elevated IOP (GO IOP) groups. A comparison with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was conducted in a cohort of 182 subjects. The study identifies optic nerve head parameters that effectively differentiate changes in GO and GO IOP groups. In the GO group, the strongest correlation between structural and functional changes was observed in sector 7, while in the GO IOP group, it was in sectors 1 and 7. For POAG, correlation was found in six sectors. Elevated IOP in GO correlates with structural and functional impairments similarly to early glaucoma. Risk factors for GO-related elevated IOP included older age, longer duration of thyroid disease, and higher anti-thyroglobulin values. The study highlights the significance of regular IOP measurements, visual field assessments, and OCT examinations in GO patients. Early antiglaucoma intervention is warranted when characteristic structural and functional changes and/or risk factors are identified.
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Rakov, L. T., V. Yu Prokofiev, and L. D. Zorina. "Compensating H+ and Li+ ions in quartz structural channels of the gold fields of Darasun ore field (Eastern Transbaikal, Russia): electron paramagnetic resonance data." Геология рудных месторождений 61, no. 1 (2019): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-777061175-96.
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The composition and diffusion mobility of the compensating ions in the quartz structural channels of the gold fields in the Darasun, Teremkinskoye, and Talatuy gold fields of the Darasun ore field were examined using the electron paramagnetic resonance method. The assessment of the properties and peculiarities of the ion distribution in quartz was based on their ability to participate in the neutralization of the electric charges of the structural defects occurring in the minerals. In this regard, the ion composition was evaluated by the ratio of the concentrations of the Ti-centers using various compensators. Their mobility was determined by the center formation rate during the quartz radiation exposure. The research demonstrated the availability of two major compensating ions, H+ and Li+, in the quartz structural channels of the gold fields in the Darasun ore field. The diffusion mobility of the H+ ions in the channels was observed to be 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of Li+. The correlation link between the compensating ions in the mineral and fluid compositions was not obtained based on the data analysis. A difference was identified between the ratio of the H+ and Li+ concentrations in the quartz structural channels of different fields. Further, the highest concentration of H+ ions and the lowest concentration of Li+ ions were recorded for the quartz in the Darasun field; the inverse correlation was observed for the quartz in the Talatuy field, which can be attributed to the mixing of the fluid gas component during the ore formation process. The electron paramagnetic resonance method can be used for the quantitative assessment of the degree of quartz dynamic recrystallization.
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Zoboli, Lorenzo, Antonio della Corte, and Giuseppe Vairo. "Multiscale structural assessment of toroidal field coils via reduced-order models." Fusion Engineering and Design 182 (September 2022): 113216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113216.
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Airey, G. D., and A. C. Collop. "Mechanical and structural assessment of laboratory- and field-compacted asphalt mixtures." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 17, no. 1 (2014): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2014.925551.
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Takhanov, Daulet, Merei Balpanova, Aigul Kenetayeva, Mukhammedrakhym Rabatuly, Gulnar Zholdybayeva, and Sheishenaly Usupayev. "Risk assessments for rockfalls taking into account the structure of the rock mass." E3S Web of Conferences 443 (2023): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344304012.
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The object of the study is the Far West quarry of Zhairemsky Mining and Processing Plant JSC. During the research work, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks at the Zhairem deposit were studied, an analysis of the correspondence between the actual and design parameters of the quarry was carried out, and field studies of rockfalls were carried out taking into account geotechnical domains. Due to an increase in the depth of development and a decrease in the width of the upper horizons of the Far West quarry, it is necessary to carry out an assessment of the risks of rockfalls and issue recommendations to reduce these risks. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been identified: analyze previously performed studies; analyze the existing condition of the quarry sides; comparison of actual and design parameters of benches; division of the edge massif into geotechnical domains based on the results of structural zoning; field studies of rockfalls to determine the coefficient of normal and tangential recovery; analyze rockfalls in RockFall software; development of recommendations to reduce the risk of rockfalls.
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Strach, Aleksandra, Mateusz Dulski, Daniel Wasilkowski, et al. "Multifaceted Assessment of Porous Silica Nanocomposites: Unraveling Physical, Structural, and Biological Transformations Induced by Microwave Field Modification." Nanomaterials 14, no. 4 (2024): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14040337.
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In response to the persistent challenge of heavy and noble metal environmental contamination, our research explores a new idea to capture silver through porous spherical silica nanostructures. The aim was realized using microwave radiation at varying power (P = 150 or 800 W) and exposure times (t = 60 or 150 s). It led to the development of a silica surface with enhanced metal-capture capacity. The microwave-assisted silica surface modification influences the notable changes within the carrier but also enforces the crystallization process of silver nanoparticles with different morphology, structure, and chemical composition. Microwave treatment can also stimulate the formation of core–shell bioactive Ag/Ag2CO3 heterojunctions. Due to the silver nanoparticles’ sphericity and silver carbonate’s presence, the modified nanocomposites exhibited heightened toxicity against common microorganisms, such as E. coli and S. epidermidis. Toxicological assessments, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) determinations, underscored the efficacy of the nanocomposites. This research represents a significant stride in addressing pollution challenges. It shows the potential of microwave-modified silicas in the fight against environmental contamination. Microwave engineering underscores a sophisticated approach to pollution remediation and emphasizes the pivotal role of nanotechnology in shaping sustainable solutions for environmental stewardship.
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Matteini, Irene, Paul Noyce, and Gina Crevello. "ASR: Practical investigative techniques and field monitoring systems used to assess ASR for service life modeling." MATEC Web of Conferences 289 (2019): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928908004.
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Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a common deterioration mechanism affecting many concrete structures of any type and age. Initially identified more than 60 years ago (Stanton, 1930), this mechanism is based on the chemical reactions between certain siliceous minerals present in the aggregate and the alkalinity of the concrete in the presence of moisture (internal RH). While certain deterioration patterns are clearly associated with ASR, such as gel exudation, aggregate expansion, and characteristic cracking, the material degradation can often be misdiagnosed to the untrained eye. In addition, certain elements of a structure can be severely affected while neighboring elements of the same batch/ mix design do not bear signs of deterioration or impact. Thus far, in situ field monitoring of ASR affected structures is related to moisture measurements, electrical resistivity, expansion, service life models are based on fracture mechanics of the aggregate. The impact to the concrete is loss of integrity, decreased compressive strength, shear and tensile strength. Some observed structures have split, with such force, that the concrete structure had cracks greater than 25mm where steel retention bands have split. The authors of this paper were engaged in two instances to provide service life assessments for ‘corrosion related degradation’ on ASR affected structures. In all instances the elements which were assessed were structural, load bearing elements, which if failed could pose a significant risk to owner, user, or end recipient. The need to develop an assessment technique for monitoring and service life assessments which are practical and efficient is being developed. The paper will discuss the development of the approach, from visual indicators identifying condition hierarchies, to long term condition monitoring for various concrete parameters combined with laboratory testing (expansion and residual alkalis) and mathematical modeling. Three case studies will be presented to illustrate conditions and process.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Life-Extension Project Applies Assessment of Reinforced Concrete to Nonjacket Structures." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 09 (2021): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0921-0053-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31250, “Wandoo B: Application of Advanced Reinforced Concrete Assessment for Life Extension for Non-Jacket Structures,” by Robert Sheppard, Spire Engineering; Colin O’Brien, Vermilion Oil and Gas; and Yashar Moslehy, Spire Engineering, et al., prepared for the 2021 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2021 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. Wandoo B is a concrete gravity-based structure (GBS) and is the main production facility for the Wandoo field offshore northwest Australia. It was installed in 1997 with a design life of 20 years. The structural assessments discussed in this paper are part of a comprehensive life-extension project encompassing wells, subsea systems, marine and safety systems, and topsides facilities and structures to demonstrate fitness for service through the end of field life. Background The GBS serves as the support structure for the Wandoo B facility and provides oil storage for the Wandoo field. The structure has four shafts approximately 11 m in diameter that support the top-sides facilities and a base structure with permanent ballast and oil storage cells (Fig. 1). It was originally developed as an ExxonMobil-led project and now is owned and operated wholly by Vermilion Oil and Gas Australia. The reinforced concrete (RC) shafts and the base top slab are pretensioned. In the shafts, tendons are enclosed in 20 ducts distributed around the circumference. The top of the shafts provides a mating point with the steel topsides structure with the connection formed by embedded anchor bolts in a bulge in the shaft cross section. The topsides structure is a three-level braced steel frame system supporting production operations for 12 well conductors contained within the northeast shaft and three outboard well conductors. Life-Extension Project The facility was designed with a target life of 20 years. The life-extension project was intended not only to satisfy the operator’s responsibility to continue safe operations and adhere to their safety case but also to meet the expectations of the regulator. The structural aspects of the project included four phases, the first two of which are detailed in this synopsis: - Design assessments per latest standards and modifications where required - Ultimate capacity assessments with retrofit modifications where required - Risk studies and workshops to demonstrate that risk is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) - Integrity-management manual and inspection plan The first two phases were addressed using the latest condition-assessment, weight, and environmental data available. The phased approach allowed the assessment team to use basic linear approaches to demonstrate code compliance and only use the more-advanced analysis techniques to evaluate the critical components that did not satisfy code or were needed to provide input to the ALARP assessment and establish target reliability for the facility.