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Journal articles on the topic 'Structural barriers to entry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Lutz, Clemens H. M., Ron G. M. Kemp, and S. Gerhard Dijkstra. "Perceptions regarding strategic and structural entry barriers." Small Business Economics 35, no. 1 (2009): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9159-1.

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Melo, Juliana Rabelo, Sérgio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante Forte, and José Milton De Sousa Filho. "The Brazilian Banking Industry: A Study of the Entry Barriers to Foreign Institutions." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 13, no. 3 (2014): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v13i3.2105.

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Brazil began 2013 year with the announcement of the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) on whether to authorize the entry of new nineteen foreign banks. Moreover, there are barriers to entry in any market. They are structural and can be hardly changed by potential entrants. The research investigates what are the entry barriers the foreign banks will face in the Brazilian market. The theory indicated the barriers should be surveyed, and other specific barriers emerged from consultation with 112 experts from the banking market. They were divided into market barriers and institutional barriers. The rese

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Ezulike, Ekene I., John G. Perry, and Kamel Hawwash. "The barriers to entry into the PFI market." Engineering Construction and Architectural Management 4, no. 3 (1997): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-232x.1997.00002.x.

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4

Heywood, John S. "Market Structure and the Pattern of Black-Owned Firms." Review of Black Political Economy 16, no. 4 (1988): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02892166.

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This article discusses the relationship between industrial concentration and the presence of black-owned firms. Strong evidence is found that more monopolistic industries have a smaller black presence. This demonstrates that the monopolistic industries in which black workers are known to face the worst discrimination are also the industries in which blacks face the highest structural entry barriers as entrepreneurs. Indeed, entry barriers may cause the monopolistic conditions which allow discrimination while simultaneously frustrating the entry of black entrepreneurs.

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Lukyanov, S., E. Tissen, and N. Kislyak. "The Market for Air Passenger Operations: Contestable Market or…?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2007): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-11-120-138.

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Based on the results of the survey of Russian airline companies, the article analyzes the main barriers to entry in this industry. The authors show the existence of substantial structural, technologic and behavioral barriers to entry that raises doubts concerning the applicability of the contestable markets hypothesis to this type of markets. The empirical estimation of the height of the barriers to entry shows that experts regard administrative barriers as the most important for limiting competition. In some regions there is a unified structure of ownership or affiliation "airport-airlines co

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Rahman, Mahfuzur, Moshfique Uddin, and George Lodorfos. "Barriers to enter in foreign markets: evidence from SMEs in emerging market." International Marketing Review 34, no. 1 (2017): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-10-2014-0322.

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Purpose Foreign market entry is considered as a key strategy to grow and survive over longer period of time for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The decision to enter a foreign market is not a straightforward story. Considering resource limitation, SMEs need to analyse the key barriers to entry in foreign markets very carefully. The purpose of this paper is to identify these barriers for the SMEs in a developing country. Design/methodology/approach This study has used primary data collected through questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. A mixed method data analysis technique is used to

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Xu, Gangxiang, Bin Guo, Wen Li, and Xiaoting Wang. "Foreign sequential entry mode choice." Baltic Journal of Management 13, no. 4 (2018): 544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2017-0280.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use the theoretical perspective of structural inertia as a unique lens to study foreign sequential entry mode choices of multinational firms. Design/methodology/approach It adopts quantitative analysis of a sample of 121 Chinese publicly listed firms with 564 foreign entry incidents in the 2001-2012 period to test the hypotheses. Findings The empirical results show that multinational firms have a tendency to adopt the same mode in the subsequent entry as the number of prior entry mode choice of a given type (joint venture (JV) in this study) increases. T

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Fjelde, Hanne, and Desirée Nilsson. "The rise of rebel contenders." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 5 (2018): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318767497.

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Fragmentation of armed opposition movements through the rise of new rebel groups constitutes a significant challenge to conflict termination and peacebuilding. Yet, the question of why some rebel movements remain cohesive whereas others see a number of contending groups during the course of the armed conflict has received limited attention in existing research. This article addresses this gap by analyzing the determinants of the rise of rebel contenders in intrastate armed conflicts worldwide, 1975–2013. The theoretical framework focuses on barriers to entry, that is, variations in the costs a

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Harbison, Justin E., Marco E. Metzger, Vaikko Allen, and Renjie Hu. "Evaluation of Manhole Inserts as Structural Barriers to Mosquito Entry into Belowground Stormwater Systems Using a Simulated Treatment Device." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 25, no. 3 (2009): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/09-5897.1.

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Bo, Xia, and Albert P. C. Chan. "Investigation of Barriers to Entry into the Design-Build Market in the People’s Republic of China." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 138, no. 1 (2012): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000387.

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Zazdravnykh, A. V., and T. V. Gudkova. "Formation of the structure of commodity markets and barriers to entry to them in the conditions of digitalization of the economy: the advertising factor." Russian Economic Journal, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2021-3-104-122.

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The article is addressed to a wide range of readers, including research economists, as well as those who teach and study the theory of industrial markets in universities, and is devoted to the formation of the structure of commodity markets — both traditional and modern digital. The authors try to make progress in revealing the nature of the influence of the intensity of advertising activity in the industry on the values of concentration indicators, the size of entry barriers, and other structural parameters of industry markets.  Based on the analysis of data on the Russian markets

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Dmitriev, Alexey S. "Structural features of life insurance markets in Russia and the West." RUDN Journal of Economics 28, no. 4 (2020): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2020-28-4-787-796.

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The relevance of this research is due to the need to develop the financial sector of the domestic economy, which has become obvious in the context of the global economic crisis. This paper examines the structural features of life insurance markets in Russia and the West. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the competitive environment in the markets under consideration and draw conclusions about the barriers to entry for new companies. The methodology of the work includes structural, statistical, system, logical, and other types of analysis, as well as the synthesis of the result

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Buck, Christopher B., Xuefei Shen, Michael A. Egan, Theodore C. Pierson, Christopher M. Walker, and Robert F. Siliciano. "The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1gag Gene Encodes an Internal Ribosome Entry Site." Journal of Virology 75, no. 1 (2001): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.1.181-191.2001.

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ABSTRACT Several retroviruses have recently been shown to promote translation of their gag gene products by internal ribosome entry. In this report, we show that mRNAs containing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag open reading frame (ORF) exhibit internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity that can promote translational initiation of Pr55 gag . Remarkably, this IRES activity is driven by sequences within the gag ORF itself and is not dependent on the native gag 5′-untranslated region (UTR). This cap-independent mechanism for Pr55 gag translation may help explain the high leve

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Denny-Smith, George, and Martin Loosemore. "Integrating Indigenous enterprises into the Australian construction industry." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 5 (2017): 788–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2016-0001.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers to entry for Indigenous businesses into the Australian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach A national survey was conducted with 33 Indigenous businesses operating in the Australian construction industry. Findings The findings show that Indigenous enterprises face similar challenges to many small non-Indigenous enterprises wishing to enter the industry. These include adjusting to unique construction industry cultures and practices, breaking into existing business networks and building social capital and being under-cut

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Reingle Gonzalez, Jennifer M., Rachel E. Rana, Katelyn K. Jetelina, and Madeline H. Roberts. "The Value of Lived Experience With the Criminal Justice System: A Qualitative Study of Peer Re-entry Specialists." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 10 (2019): 1861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19830596.

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The aim of this article was to describe the implementation and qualitative outcomes of peer reentry specialists (“peers”) on housing attainment, mental health, and substance use problems, and increased life domain functioning. One-on-one interviews were conducted with peers and clients to understand the program implementation, peer experiences, and progress toward target outcomes. Data were iteratively coded using inductive thematic identification and data reduction. Results suggest that peers’ lived experiences were useful in building rapport with clients. Peers applied their lived experience

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Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine, Adah-Kole Onjewu, Paul Jones, and Robert Newbery. "Investigating the moderating role of Export Promotion Programmes using evidence from North-Africa." critical perspectives on international business 14, no. 2/3 (2018): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-11-2016-0059.

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PurposeBased on an institutional approach to explaining firms’ internationalisation, this paper aims to empirically investigate the role of Export Promotion Programmes (EPPs) in moderating the influence of export barriers perceptions on small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) propensity to export.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses evidence from Algeria, the largest North-African country. The data were collected using an online questionnaire, targeting SMEs operating in the manufacturing sector. The study considers the influence of procedural, informational, environmental and functional bar

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Gani, Lindawati, and Johnny Jermias. "Investigating the Joint Effects of Strategy, Environment and Control Structure on Performance." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 13, no. 3 (2011): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5482.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of misfit between competitive environment, business strategy and control structure on performance. We argue that the misfit between competitive environment, business strategy and control structure has significant negative implications on shareholder value creation associated with firms’ Joint Venture formation. Based on data of publicly-traded US manufacturing firms that announce a joint venture formation, we found that firms that have perfect fit are valued higher than those with both strategy and structural misfits and also those with s

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Pratiwi, Gustyanita, and Lukytawati Anggraeni. "ANALISIS STUKTUR, KINERJA, DAN PERILAKU INDUSTRI ROKOK KRETEK DAN ROKOK PUTIH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1991-2008." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2013.1.1.59-70.

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<em>Tobacco industry is one of important manufacturing industry in Indonesia. There are several changes in structure, performance, and behavior of this industry during 1991-2008. This study aim is to analyze the differences between clove cigarette and white cigarette industries with SCP method. Analysis of industrial structure with CR4 index and barriers to entry. Industry performance is measured by Price Cost Margin (PCM) approach. Factors that affect the performance itself are analyzed by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of structural analysis show that the level of

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Laporta, Pasquale, and Alexander W. Jenkins. "Unionization and Profitability in the Canadian Manufacturing Sector." Articles 51, no. 4 (2005): 756–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051134ar.

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This study looks at the effects of unions on profitability in the Canadian manufacturing sector, taking into account structural factors such as concentration and entry barriers. The authors find that, although there is a moderately positive relationship between unionization and profitability at low tevels of concentration, at higher levels of concentration unions are able to extract an increasing proportion of incrémental profits that the firm (industry) may earn, until any incrémental profit (rent) associated with further increases in industry concentration is completely captured by the union

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Lavoie, Marc, and Wilbert M. Leonard. "In Search of an Alternative Explanation of Stacking in Baseball: The Uncertainty Hypothesis." Sociology of Sport Journal 11, no. 2 (1994): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.11.2.140.

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The stacking of blacks in noncentral positions is a time-consistent feature of professional baseball. It is shown that differential batting and slugging averages between positions are also a structural feature. The structure of stacking as well as its evolution are well explained by the uncertainty thesis, that is, the belief that discrimination and differential barriers to entry are linked to the difficulty and lack of objectivity in assessing player performance at a given position. However, because the uncertainty thesis fails to predict the expected performance differentials between black a

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Pruzhansky, V. "The economics of merger appraisal: analysis of best practices." Russian competition law and economy, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2019-3-60-67.

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The article briefly outlines key economic principles that are used for merger appraisal in Europe and the US. We consider three most typical cases: horizontal, vertical and conglomerate mergers. We explain the main positive and negative effects that typically arise in each case. We point that the analysis of structural factors (levels of industry concentration and market shares) and barriers to entry can serve only as a starting point of the merger appraisal process. Other indicators such as closeness of competition, countervailing buyer power and customer switching, counter-reactions of rival

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Serrato-Valenti, G., L. Cornara, M. Ferrando, and P. Modenesi. "Structural and histochemical features of Stylosanthes scabra (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) seed coat as related to water entry." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 6 (1993): 834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-095.

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The structural and histochemical features of the seed coat of Stylosanthes scabra Vog. were investigated by bright-field and fluorescence light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The palisade cells consisted of two parts, different in structure and in histochemical characteristics: an upper furrowed part and an irregularly ending cylindrical part. The former showed a light line just below the outer ends that owing to the presence of callose, could act as a water barrier. In the hilar region a raised circular outgrowth all around the hilar fissure consisted of two parts: the rim aril

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Bhella, David. "The role of cellular adhesion molecules in virus attachment and entry." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1661 (2015): 20140035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0035.

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As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses must traverse the host-cell plasma membrane to initiate infection. This presents a formidable barrier, which they have evolved diverse strategies to overcome. Common to all entry pathways, however, is a mechanism of specific attachment to cell-surface macromolecules or ‘receptors’. Receptor usage frequently defines viral tropism, and consequently, the evolutionary changes in receptor specificity can lead to emergence of new strains exhibiting altered pathogenicity or host range. Several classes of molecules are exploited as receptors by diverse grou

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Saediman, Haji, Helviani Helviani, Laila Refiana Said, et al. "Market Structure of Sago Starch in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (April 2, 2021): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.62.

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Sago plant produces sago starch, which can be processed into various food and non-food uses and has high demand in the domestic and international market. However, sago starch marketing is still facing problems that make the crop has not yet optimally support the economy of sago growing and processing households and communities. The study aimed to assess the market structure of sago starch in Konawe District of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data collection was done in two sago growing subdistricts. Respondents consisted of 55 sago producers, four subdistrict collectors, and two large

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Boonstra, Sander, Jelle S. Blijleven, Wouter H. Roos, Patrick R. Onck, Erik van der Giessen, and Antoine M. van Oijen. "Hemagglutinin-Mediated Membrane Fusion: A Biophysical Perspective." Annual Review of Biophysics 47, no. 1 (2018): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-070317-033018.

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Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a viral membrane protein responsible for the initial steps of the entry of influenza virus into the host cell. It mediates binding of the virus particle to the host-cell membrane and catalyzes fusion of the viral membrane with that of the host. HA is therefore a major target in the development of antiviral strategies. The fusion of two membranes involves high activation barriers and proceeds through several intermediate states. Here, we provide a biophysical description of the membrane fusion process, relating its kinetic and thermodynamic properties to the larg

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Plank, René. "Antitrust and Financial Services in the EU: Commitments in Credit Default Swaps (CDS)." Zeitschrift für Wettbewerbsrecht 14, no. 4 (2016): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zwer-2016-0408.

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AbstractFollowing the financial crisis, far-reaching regulation of financial services was introduced to achieve sustainable growth and systemic stability. Whereas regulation tackles broad structural market failures, competition policy addresses harmful behaviour of individual market participants. The systemic risks evidenced in the crisis therefore merit specific additional attention to market failures and imperfect competition in financial services, to address issues such as market power, asymmetric information and entry barriers. This article examines a recent example of antitrust enforcemen

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Alha, Akhil. "The Other Side of Caste as Social Capital." Social Change 48, no. 4 (2018): 575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718801490.

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There is an increasing recourse to the concept of social capital in explaining development outcomes in various spheres. In some recent writings, caste is viewed as a form of social capital, and the use of caste-based networks is supported for attaining positive outcomes in entrepreneurship. This article, based on a field survey in a small-scale industrial cluster in Jhunhunu, Rajasthan, critiques the proposition of ‘caste as social capital’ by contending that caste is not an isolated category; in fact, it is relational in nature. Hence, caste-based economic networks may reduce transaction cost

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Perez, Lourdes M., Eva María Moya, Yok-Fong Paat, Maissa Khatib, Ryan Floresca, and Silvia Chavez-Baray. "Interpersonal and structural complexities among women experiencing homelessness in a U.S.-Mexico border community." Ehquidad Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, no. 16 (July 5, 2021): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2021.0012.

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The life complexities of women experiencing homelessness warrants further exploration as there is insufficient information on their life’s interpersonal and structural challenges. The aim of this study is multifold: to explore the experiences of unhoused women in El Paso, Texas, a city that borders with Ciudad Juarez Mexico, to identify barriers to health and social services, to promote agency, and improve access to care. Recruitment of participants was done through partner agencies in selecting a sample of 15 Hispanic and 15 Non-Hispanic women who were experiencing homelessness and residing i

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Ward, John T., and Gregg M. Ward. "Excuse Me for Barging In: Establishment of a Hazardous Materials Ferry Between Detroit and Windsor." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1602, no. 1 (1997): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1602-12.

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The barriers to entry encountered in establishing the Detroit-Windsor Truck Ferry Service are discussed. The ferry service was needed to transport hazardous-materials-laden vehicles, which were not allowed access to the bridge and tunnel linking the cities of Detroit and Windsor. Without the ferry, these vehicles were detoured 265 km to a northern bridge crossing for deliveries between the two border cities. The crossing between Detroit and Windsor is the most important North American border crossing in terms of volume of trucks and trade value of goods ($44.5 billion, U.S. dollars, in 1990).

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Lingohr, Susanne. "Rural Households, Dragon Heads and Associations: A Case Study of Sweet Potato Processing in Sichuan Province." China Quarterly 192 (December 2007): 898–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741007002081.

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AbstractIn recent years Chinese government policies and research programmes have advocated agricultural industrialization in order to raise demand for farm products, facilitate structural adjustment in agriculture, create rural employment and increase farm incomes. But although agro-industrial activities have become a key feature of China's rural development strategy, the agricultural industrialization policy has been little studied outside China. This article is a case study of the implementation of agricultural industrialization and its impact on rural livelihoods in Sichuan province. It ide

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Dubaissi, Eamon, Karine Rousseau, Gareth W. Hughes, et al. "Functional characterization of the mucus barrier on the Xenopus tropicalis skin surface." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 4 (2018): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713539115.

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Mucosal surfaces represent critical routes for entry and exit of pathogens. As such, animals have evolved strategies to combat infection at these sites, in particular the production of mucus to prevent attachment and to promote subsequent movement of the mucus/microbe away from the underlying epithelial surface. Using biochemical, biophysical, and infection studies, we have investigated the host protective properties of the skin mucus barrier of the Xenopus tropicalis tadpole. Specifically, we have characterized the major structural component of the barrier and shown that it is a mucin glycopr

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Degerman, Helene. "Barriers towards Resilient Performance among Public Critical Infrastructure Organizations: The Refugee Influx Case of 2015 in Sweden." Infrastructures 6, no. 8 (2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6080106.

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During the autumn of 2015, Europe experienced a sharp increase in refugee influx, and many refugees arrived in the European Øresund Region. Refugees travelled through Denmark and over the Øresund Bridge, arriving in the third largest city in Sweden, Malmö. Private, public and voluntary organizations in Malmö had to change the way they worked to meet the new entry demands. Flexible adaptations to changing circumstances can be described as resilient performance and are supported or hindered by societal and organizational drivers and barriers. Qualitative interview data from Swedish organizations

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Welch, Brett D., J. Nicholas Francis, Joseph S. Redman, et al. "Design of a Potent d-Peptide HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor with a Strong Barrier to Resistance." Journal of Virology 84, no. 21 (2010): 11235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01339-10.

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ABSTRACT The HIV gp41 N-trimer pocket region is an ideal viral target because it is extracellular, highly conserved, and essential for viral entry. Here, we report on the design of a pocket-specific d-peptide, PIE12-trimer, that is extraordinarily elusive to resistance and characterize its inhibitory and structural properties. d-Peptides (peptides composed of d-amino acids) are promising therapeutic agents due to their insensitivity to protease degradation. PIE12-trimer was designed using structure-guided mirror-image phage display and linker optimization and is the first d-peptide HIV entry i

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Berdot, Sarah, Abdelali Boussadi, Aurélie Vilfaillot, et al. "Integration of a Commercial Barcode-Assisted Medication Dispensing System in a Teaching Hospital." Applied Clinical Informatics 10, no. 04 (2019): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694749.

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Objectives A commercial barcode-assisted medication administration (BCMA) system was integrated to secure the medication process and particularly the dispensing stage by technicians and the administration stage with nurses. We aimed to assess the impact of this system on medication dispensing errors and barriers encountered during integration process. Methods We conducted a controlled randomized study in a teaching hospital, during dispensing process at the pharmacy department. Four wards were randomized in the experimental group and control group, with two wards using the system during 3 days

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Paiewonsky, Luisa. "A New Approach to HOV Entry Requirements: MassHighway’s 3+ /Limited 2+ Sticker Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1634, no. 1 (1998): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1634-09.

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The Massachusetts Highway Department opened the I-93 Southeast Expressway high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane in November 1995, under a three-person, or 3+, entry requirement. A 2+ rule was not implemented because studies indicated that the high number of existing two-person carpools would overload the narrow lane, causing it to fail. While the lane was an operational success, with general public support, the agency fielded continuing complaints about underutilization. In response, the Massachusetts Legislature and MassHighway designed a program to allow a limited number of two-person vehicles i

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Chi, Ximin, Qiongxuan Fan, Yuanyuan Zhang, et al. "Structural mechanism of phospholipids translocation by MlaFEDB complex." Cell Research 30, no. 12 (2020): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-00404-6.

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AbstractIn Gram-negative bacteria, phospholipids are major components of the inner membrane and the inner leaflet of the outer membrane, playing an essential role in forming the unique dual-membrane barrier to exclude the entry of most antibiotics. Understanding the mechanisms of phospholipid translocation between the inner and outer membrane represents one of the major challenges surrounding bacterial phospholipid homeostasis. The conserved MlaFEDB complex in the inner membrane functions as an ABC transporter to drive the translocation of phospholipids between the inner membrane and the perip

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Rybakova, Anna, Aleksandra Shcheglova, Denis Bogatov, and Liudmila Alieva. "Using interactive technologies and distance learning in sustainable education." E3S Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125007003.

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This paper focuses on the use of interactive technologies and distance learning in sustainable education. It discusses how remote learning technologies can positively influence students’ learning and entry in sustainable education. The paper looks at the use of distance learning in higher education as a means to help students in the built environment and its use within the education system. It studies and expands the theoretical research on the benefits of distance learning, where the study is remote and there is no personal contact with staff or students, and examines the impact of distance l

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CHATZOPOULOS (Δ.Χ. ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), D. C., L. V. ATHANASIOU (Λ.Β. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ), V. SPYROU (Β. ΣΠΥΡΟΥ), G. C. FTHENAKIS (Γ.Χ. ΦΘΕΝΑΚΗΣ), and C. BILLINIS (Χ. ΜΠΙΛΛΙΝΗΣ). "Rotavirus infections in domestic animals." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 64, no. 2 (2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15489.

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Rotaviruses are major enteric pathogens of humans and a wide variety of animals. Rotavirus infections have a worldwide prevalence. The viral genome is composed of 11 double-stranded RNA segments with six structural and five or six non-structural proteins. Over 35,000 strains have been identified and classified into five main (A, B, C, D, E) and three additional tentative (F, G, H) serotype groups. A binary classification system has been proposed defining ‘G’ or ‘P’ types, with at least 27 G and 35 P genotypes reported thusfar. The virus is transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral and oral rout

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Freeman, M., C. Walters, M. A. Thorpe, and T. Gradziel. "Endocarp Structural Components of Insect Resistance in Almond." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 526d—526. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.526d.

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Almond, as with other stone fruit, possesses a highly lignified endocarp or shell. The dominant hard-shelled trait (D-) is positively associated with greater resistant to insect infestation than nuts expressing the paper-shelled (dd) trait. Hard-shelled genotypes have undesirable effects, including a lower kernel meat-to-nut crack-out ratio, greater kernel damage during mechanical shelling, and a reduction in plant energy available to kernel development. Histogenic analysis shows that the almond endocarp, unlike peach, has a tri-partite structure. Insect feeding studies have subsequently demon

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Bobic, Mirjana. "Stalled de-standardization of partnerships: Case of young people in Serbia." Sociologija 54, no. 2 (2012): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1202351b.

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The paper tackles reasons for the delay of family formation in contemporary Serbia in the cultural context of pro-familism and standardized life course. Life course perspective is applied as the most suitable one because it fruitfully reconciles structure and agency, demography and sociology. Young people?s transition to adulthood in Serbia is assessed as protracted, somewhat like in Mediterranean and CEE countries (e.g. Slovenia). The empirical evidence is based on various sources of data, combining quantitative (surveys and demographics) and qualitative approaches. The main conclusion is tha

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Awoonor-Williams, John Koku, Cheryl A. Moyer, and Martin Nyaaba Adokiya. "Self-reported challenges to border screening of travelers for Ebola by district health workers in northern Ghana: An observational study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245039.

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Background The 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak remains the largest on record, resulting in the highest mortality and widest geographic spread experienced in Africa. Ghana, like many other African nations, began screening travelers at all entry points into the country to enhance disease surveillance and response. This study aimed to assess the challenges of screening travelers for EVD at border entry in northern Ghana. Design and methods This was an observational study using epidemiological weekly reports (Oct 2014-Mar 2015) of travelers entering Ghana in the Upper East Region (UER

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Su, Yang, Huihiui Chong, Shengwen Xiong, Yuanyuan Qiao, Zonglin Qiu, and Yuxian He. "Genetic Pathway of HIV-1 Resistance to Novel Fusion Inhibitors Targeting the Gp41 Pocket." Journal of Virology 89, no. 24 (2015): 12467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01741-15.

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ABSTRACTThe peptide drug enfuvirtide (T20) is the only HIV-1 fusion inhibitor in clinical use, but it easily induces drug resistance, calling for new strategies for developing effective drugs. On the basis of the M-T hook structure, we recently developed highly potent short-peptide HIV-1 fusion inhibitors (MTSC22 and HP23), which mainly target the conserved gp41 pocket and possess high genetic barriers to resistance. Here, we focused on the selection and characterization of HIV-1 escape mutants of MTSC22, which revealed new resistance pathways and mechanisms. Two mutations (E49K and L57R) loca

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Xue, Haojie, Yubing Gao, Xingyu Zhang, Xichun Tian, Haosen Wang, and Di Yuan. "Directional Blasting Fracturing Technology for the Stability Control of Key Strata in Deep Thick Coal Mining." Energies 12, no. 24 (2019): 4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244665.

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Under the conditions of high ground stress and mining disturbance, the strata breakage that is induced by mining is severe. Thus, it is critical to investigate the structural characteristics of key strata (KS) in deep thick mining. This study introduces an innovative technology, namely, directional blasting fracturing, in which an energy-gathering tube is installed in a borehole and an explosive is detonated to break the roof in a specified direction. A theory of balanced bulk filling is established based on the requirements of developing a voussoir beam structure, which can be used to effecti

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Gilbert, Richard J., and Michael L. Katz. "An Economist's Guide to U.S. v. Microsoft." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 2 (2001): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.2.25.

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We analyze the central economic issues raised by U.S. v Microsoft. Network effects and economies of scale in applications programs created a barrier to entry for new operating system competitors, which the combination of Netscape Navigator and the Java programming language potentially could have lowered. Microsoft took actions to eliminate this threat to its operating system monopoly, and some of Microsoft's conduct very likely harmed consumers. While we recognize the risks of the government's proposed structural remedy of splitting Microsoft in two, we are pessimistic that a limited conduct r

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Calvosa, Paolo. "The Influence of E-Commerce in Changing Competition in Regulated Industries: An Analysis in the Italian Sports Betting Market." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 12 (2018): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n12p306.

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The effect of the Internet and e-commerce on industry competition has been widely discussed in economic-managerial literature. Most of the studies focused on the analysis of the impact of Internet technologies on specific industry structural factors &ndash; in particular on sectoral price levels &ndash;, but no sufficient empirical evidence based on overall industry change is yet available. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of e-commerce on the transformation of the industrial structure and competition in a regulated market, that of Italian sports betting. This market, b

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Markovic, Ingrid, Tzanko S. Stantchev, Karen H. Fields, et al. "Thiol/disulfide exchange is a prerequisite for CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 envelope-mediated T-cell fusion during viral entry." Blood 103, no. 5 (2004): 1586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-05-1390.

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Abstract Attachment of gp120 to CD4 during HIV-1 entry triggers structural rearrangement in gp120 that enables binding to an appropriate coreceptor. Following coreceptor engagement, additional conformational changes occur in the envelope (Env), resulting in fusion of virion and cell membranes. Catalysts with redox-isomerase activity, such as protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), facilitate Env conversion from its inactive to its fusion-competent conformation. We report here that anti-PDI agents effectively block CXCR4 Env-mediated fusion and spread of virus infection. Exogenously added PDI, in tu

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Strauss, Mike, David J. Filman, David M. Belnap, Naiqian Cheng, Roane T. Noel, and James M. Hogle. "Nectin-Like Interactions between Poliovirus and Its Receptor Trigger Conformational Changes Associated with Cell Entry." Journal of Virology 89, no. 8 (2015): 4143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03101-14.

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ABSTRACTPoliovirus infection is initiated by attachment to a receptor on the cell surface called Pvr or CD155. At physiological temperatures, the receptor catalyzes an irreversible expansion of the virus to form an expanded form of the capsid called the 135S particle. This expansion results in the externalization of the myristoylated capsid protein VP4 and the N-terminal extension of the capsid protein VP1, both of which become inserted into the cell membrane. Structures of the expanded forms of poliovirus and of several related viruses have recently been reported. However, until now, it has b

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Devi, Preeti, and Shrinidhi Kumar K. "AN AYURVEDIC INSIGHT ON ROLE OF IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 8 (2020): 4170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2108082020.

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Chronic as well as recurrent respiratory disorders are major concern in childhood pediatric practice as we commonly come across such cases in day to day pediatric practice. Recurrent respiratory infections are attributed to immaturity of the immune system, functional, structural limitations, dependency on others, unawareness of hygienic importance and nutritional issues related to weaning etc. Excess intake of sweetish substances, growth potential and school environment also contribute for the same. Mean time the congenital abnormalities of the respiratory and cardiovascular system; also, sign

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Clinger, Jonathan A., David W. Moreau, Matthew J. McLeod, Todd Holyoak, and Robert E. Thorne. "Millisecond mix-and-quench crystallography (MMQX) enables time-resolved studies of PEPCK with remote data collection." IUCrJ 8, no. 5 (2021): 784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252521007053.

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Time-resolved crystallography of biomolecules in action has advanced rapidly as methods for serial crystallography have improved, but the large number of crystals and the complex experimental infrastructure that are required remain serious obstacles to its widespread application. Here, millisecond mix-and-quench crystallography (MMQX) has been developed, which yields millisecond time-resolved data using far fewer crystals and routine remote synchrotron data collection. To demonstrate the capabilities of MMQX, the conversion of oxaloacetic acid to phosphoenolpyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvate carb

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Cavusgil, S. Tamer. "Executive Insights: International Partnering—A Systematic Framework for Collaborating with Foreign Business Partners." Journal of International Marketing 6, no. 1 (1998): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9800600109.

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One consequence of market globalization has been the growing incidence of collaborative ventures among companies from different countries. Small and large, experienced and novice, companies increasingly are choosing partnerships as a way to compete in the global marketplace. Motives for international collaborative ventures are varied and complex, including a desire to leverage resources and assets, retain flexibility, reduce risks, gain speed, and capitalize on each partner's strengths. The systematic framework presented here can be used by managers as a practical, ten-step approach to establi

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