Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structural Break Analysis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Structural Break Analysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Structural Break Analysis"

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Lahiri, Sajal. "Structural Break, Indivisibilities and Input–Output Analysis." Economic Systems Research 1, no. 2 (January 1989): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09535318900000012.

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Tsuji, Chikashi. "A Multivariate Analysis of the Effects of Structural Breaks on Stock Return Volatility Persistence: The Case of the US and Japan." International Journal of Business Administration 10, no. 3 (March 27, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v10n3p39.

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This paper quantitatively inspects the effects of structural breaks in stock returns on their volatility persistence by using the stock return data of the US and Japan. More concretely, applying the diagonal BEKK-MGARCH model with and without structural break dummies to the returns of S&P 500 and TOPIX, we reveal the following interesting findings. (1) First, we clarify that for both the US and Japanese stock returns, the values of the GARCH parameters, namely, the values of the volatility persistence parameters in the diagonal BEKK-MGARCH models decrease when we include the structural break dummies in the models. (2) Second, we further find that interestingly, during the Lehman crisis in 2008, the estimated time-varying volatilities from the diagonal BEKK-MGARCH model with structural break dummies are slightly higher than those from the no structural break dummy model. (3) Third, we furthermore reveal that also very interestingly, the estimated time-varying correlations from the diagonal BEKK-MGARCH model with no structural break dummy are slightly higher than those from the structural break dummy model.
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O. Okon, Emmanuel, and Halirat Umar. "Debt-Growth Bond in Nigeria: Structural Break Analysis." Asian Finance & Banking Review 2, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/asfbr.v2i1.6.

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This study examined the structural break relationship between external debt and economic growth from 1985 to 2016 with a view to examine the effect of external debt relief on economic growth in Nigeria. The study used the ordinary least square technique. In addition, it employed the chow test and also adopted the similarity of error variances test in its analysis. From the results and analysis, it was revealed that external debt stock (EXD) is positively and insignificantly related to RGDP. It was concluded that the 2005 external debt relief did significantly caused a change in external debt, external debt service relations with economic growth in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study suggested that external finance should be used only for projects of highest priority. Spending of external debt on productive self-liquidating investments must be strictly adhered to while projects to be financed with external loan must be properly appraised.
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Kiraci, Kasim. "Analysis of the Determinant Factors of the Historical Development of Air Transport: An Empirical Application to Turkey." Studies in Business and Economics 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2018-0036.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to empirically examine the development of air transport in Turkey in the period between 1980 and 2015. The study intended, within its scope, to determine the developments experienced in air transport in Turkey and the probable causes of the structural changes. Moreover, it was aimed at highlighting the years in which the structural changes in air transport were realized. In line with this objective, the one-break Zivot Anderews (1992) unit root test, the two-break Clemente-Montañés-Reyes (1998) unit root test, and the one-break and two-break LM were applied to the domestic and international air transport data of the 1980-2015 period. The results of the study show that there were substantial economic and political developments both at home and abroad in the years that the significant structural breaks that affect air transport took place.
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Muthuramu, P., and T. Uma Maheswari. "Tests for Structural Breaks in Time Series Analysis: A Review of Recent Development." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v7i4.628.

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The issue related to a structural break or change point in the econometric and statistics literature is relatively vast. In recent decades it was increasing, and it got recognized by various researchers. The debates are about a structural break or parameter instability in the econometric models. Over some time, there has been a different mechanism, and theoretical development stretching the fundamental change and strengthen the econometric literature. Estimation of structural break has undergone significant changes. Instead of exploring the presence of a known structural break, now the emphasis is on tracing multiple unknown cracks using dynamic programming. The paper an attempt has been made to review the different forms of the presence of structural break(s) over the past.
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Khan, Muhammad Zaheer. "Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Pakistan." Market Forces 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51153/mf.v16i1.446.

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A number of studies have already determined the existence of inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve in Pakistan however the role of structural breaks in determining the relationship is yet to be investigated. The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of possible structural breaks explain the existence of environmental Kuznets curve type relationship in Pakistan for the period 1980-2016 by using data of total energy consumption, Real GDP per capita, foreign direct investment and trade openness. For the analysis the study first used the conventional time series econometric methods to determine the order of integration and Cointegration in the model. Second; as it is evident from the literature that presence of structural break in the model can have a significant impact, so the study used the Zivot and Andrews unit root test with one structural break to determine the order of integration in the model and Gregory-Hansen -Cointegration method to determine the presence of structural break within Cointegration framework. The results of the study not only confirm the existence of environmental Kuznets curve in the model, it also confirms the presence of structural break in the model.
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Fiteni, Inmaculada. "ROBUST ESTIMATION OF STRUCTURAL BREAK POINTS." Econometric Theory 18, no. 2 (April 2002): 349–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466602182065.

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This paper proposes robust M-estimators of dynamic linear models with a structural break of unknown location. Rates of convergence and limiting distributions for the estimated shift point and the estimated regression parameters are derived. The analysis is carried out in the framework of possibly dependent observations and also with trending regressors. The asymptotic distribution of the break location estimator is obtained both for fixed magnitude of shift and for shift with magnitude converging to zero as the sample size increases. The latter is essential for the derivation of feasible confidence intervals for the break location. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the performance of asymptotic inferences in practice.
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Kumar, Saurabh, Jitendra Kumar, Vikas Kumar Sharma, and Varun Agiwal. "Random order autoregressive time series model with structural break." Model Assisted Statistics and Applications 15, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mas-200490.

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This paper deals with the problem of modelling time series data with structural breaks occur at multiple time points that may result in varying order of the model at every structural break. A flexible and generalized class of Autoregressive (AR) models with multiple structural breaks is proposed for modelling in such situations. Estimation of model parameters are discussed in both classical and Bayesian frameworks. Since the joint posterior of the parameters is not analytically tractable, we employ a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, Gibbs sampling to simulate posterior sample. To verify the order change, a hypotheses test is constructed using posterior probability and compared with that of without breaks. The methodologies proposed here are illustrated by means of simulation study and a real data analysis.
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Canarella, Giorgio, and Stephen M. Miller. "Inflation persistence and structural breaks." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 6 (November 14, 2016): 980–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-10-2015-0190.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on a sequential three-stage analysis of inflation persistence using monthly data from 11 inflation targeting (IT) countries and, for comparison, the USA, a non-IT country with a history of credible monetary policy. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors estimate inflation persistence in a rolling-window fractional-integration setting using the semiparametric estimator suggested by Phillips (2007). Second, the authors use tests for unknown structural breaks as a means to identify effects of the regime switch and the global financial crisis on inflation persistence. The authors use the sequences of estimated persistence measures from the first stage as dependent variables in the Bai and Perron (2003) structural break tests. Finally, the authors reapply the Phillips (2007) estimator to the subsamples defined by the breaks. Findings Four countries (Canada, Iceland, Mexico, and South Korea) experience a structural break in inflation persistence that coincide with the implementation of the IT regime, and three IT countries (Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK), as well as the USA experience a structural break in inflation persistence that coincides with the global financial crisis. Research limitations/implications The authors find that in most cases the estimates of inflation persistence switch from mean-reversion nonstationarity to mean-reversion stationarity. Practical implications Monetary policy implications differ between pre- and post-global financial crisis. Social implications Global financial crisis affected the persistence of inflation rates. Originality/value First paper to consider the effect of the global financial crisis on inflation persistence.
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Princ, Michael. "Structural Distress Index: Structural Break Analysis of the Czech and Polish Stock Markets." European Financial and Accounting Journal 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.efaj.167.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural Break Analysis"

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Ryschkow, Stefan, and SIQI LU. "International Diversification Benefits : A Cointegrating Analysis Based on China, Europe and Russia." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40037.

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This thesis investigates the short term and the long term cointegration relations between European and Chinese, European and Russian stock markets, with a goal to define international diversification benefits. Whereas Russia and China are considered as developing countries, Europe represents a developed market. The period of study is from 1997 to 2018, which considers the global 2007-2008 financial crisis as a shift in the equilibrium.The static cointegration long run findings demonstrate scope for diversification benefits for the all observing markets over the whole period. With regard to the sub periods (before and after the global financial crisis), the outcomes suggest increase in cointegration relations between Europe and China after the crisis, indicating a more diversified portfolio for investors before the crisis. European and Russian financial time series show no changing in cointegration linkages after the crisis, suggesting scope for diversification gains before and after the crisis in the long run.The dynamic cointegration results, however, demonstrate episodic cointegrating relations over the whole period for the all markets. These findings also clear illustrate growth in cointegration linkages during the first year of the crisis for all samples, suggesting a less diversified portfolio during this period (for the short horizon investors), and supporting the financial contagion effect in the short run.Looking at static and dynamic results, we recommend combining both methods in order to make a clear conclusion about benefits from international diversification.
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Rudelyte, Kotryna, and Maja Bertilsson. "The Impact of EU Accession on Trade : The case of Poland, Romania and Croatia." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49042.

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One of the main reasons to why a membership in the European Union (EU) is so attractive for prospect countries are the free trade agreements the membership entails. The free trade agreements mean that the whole EU opens up as one big market, where tariffs and tolls are no longer an obstacle to trade for its members. Therefore, this thesis analyses whether EU membership actually yields a positive effect on member’s trade. The time series analysis is based on a three-country sample consisting of Poland, Romania, and Croatia during the time period from 2001 to 2018. By applying multiple and Chow’s breakpoint tests, and country-wise and a pooled cross-section analysis model, we examine if the accession to EU impacts each country’s trade volumes. The results indicate that becoming a member of the European Union does not necessarily have a significant effect on Poland’s, Romania’s, or Croatia’s trade even if it is positive.
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Kim, Jaehoon. "Time Series Analysis of Going Private Transactions: Before and after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31538/.

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Using 1,473 going private transactions completed between 1985 and 2007, I assess whether the increase in going private transactions that occurred after the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was driven by SOX, or whether this phenomenon continues an ongoing historical trend. To examine this issue, I initially used structural break tests and intervention analysis. From the initial techniques, I find support that the passage of SOX increased going private transactions for these categories. Secondarily, I use Granger causality tests and impulse response functions to examine the link between going private transactions and the public stock market. When I categorize going private transactions according to the type of acquirer, transaction size, and target industry, I find bi-directional Granger causality relationships between smaller-sized going private transactions and the S&P 500 Index (or Tobin's Q). I also find several unidirectional Granger causality relationships for some categories of going private transactions, based on the type of acquirer or the target industry, to the S&P 500 Index (or to Tobin's Q). The impulse response of going private transactions (or the public stock market) to a shock in the public stock market (or going private transactions) is not immediate, but is delayed two to three quarters. The link between going private transactions and the public stock market is an ongoing phenomenon, continuing a historical trend for going private transactions. For going private transactions with structural breaks, SOX affects the linkage but not for going private transactions with no structural break.
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Surdeanu, Laura. "Essays on Non-Stationary Panel Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131310.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained essays on non-stationary panel data. We propose novel approaches to both cointegration and unit root analysis in panel data models. The main contribution of this thesis is allowing for the presence of cross¬section dependence through the specification of an approximate common factor model. Early studies assumed that time series in the panel data were either indepen¬dent or that cross-section dependence could be controlled by including time effects. In macroeconomic, microeconomic and financial applications, cross-section depen¬dence is more a recurrent than a rare characteristic and it is usually caused by the presence of common shocks (oil price shocks or financial crises) or the existence of local productivity spillover effects. Ignoring these factors can lead to spurious statistical inference. More exactly, in the case of unit root testing, the unaccounted cross-section dependence might lead one to conclude that panel data is actually I(0) stationary when in fact it might be I(1) non-stationary. Similarly, the panel data cointegration test statistics might indicate than there are more cointegrating relations than there exist. Thus, recent studies proposed several alternatives to over¬come this limitation. One popular approach is the factor structure applied to the error process, an approach that we employ throughout this thesis. In the first essay we extend the univariate Carrion-i-Silvestre, Kim and Perron (2009) GLS-based unit root tests with multiple structural breaks to panel data. The proposed statistics are general enough that they allow for cross-section dependence and multiple structural breaks in both the level and the trend of the units of the panel. We evaluate the finite-sample properties of these statistics via Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulation study shows that the panel tests perform well, espe¬cially for the cases of known structural breaks. We apply these statistics to a panel of annual data covering the period 1870-2008 for 19 OECD countries. We find strong evidence in favor of I(0) stationarity when we apply the unit root tests to idiosyncratic component. However, the empirical analysis also shows that the I(1) non-stationarity of the real per capita GDP is captured by the common factor. In the second essay we propose a test statistic to determine the cointegration rank of VAR processes both in a unit-by-unit analysis and in a panel data frame¬work. The cross-section dependence is accounted for through the specification of a common factor model, which covers situations where there is cointegration among the cross-section dimension. We perform a Monte Carlo experiment in order to investigate the small-sample properties of the proposed panel statistic and the sim-ulation results indicate a good performance of the tests in terms of empirical size and power. We show that in some cases not accounting for common factors when they are present can lead to overestimating the cointegrating rank. We apply our proposed tests to two empirical applications using the variables involved in the money demand equation and the monetary exchange model. The money demand model detects two stochastic trends while the monetary exchange model detects three stochastic trends. In the third essay of this dissertation we investigate the cointegration relation between output, physical capital, human capital, public capital and labor for 17 Spanish regions observed over the period 1964-2000. The novelty of our approach is that we allow for cross-section dependence between the members of the panel using a common factor model. This is interesting because we allow the model specification to capture unobservable variables (technological progress, total factor productivity) to be proxied by the common factors, something that has not been widely addressed in the literature. To see if the variables are cointegrated or not, we employ two different techniques at the panel level. More exactly, we compare the statistics from the single-equation method of Westerlund (2008) and Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre (2011, 2013) with those from the VAR framework of Carrion¬i-Silvestre and Surdeanu (2011). Moreover, using the VAR method, we identify at least one common cointegrating relation among output, physical capital, human capital, public capital and labor. Finally, we use several estimators to estimate the long-run relation between these variables.
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Nazare, Ronaldo. "Essays in applied factor analysis with structural breaks." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360375/.

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Han, Lu. "Statistical analysis of structural breaks in discrete valued time series processes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539614.

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Wessollek, Christine, and Pierre Karrasch. "Monitoring structural breaks in vegetation dynamics of the nature reserve Königsbrücker Heide." SPIE, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34984.

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Nowadays remote sensing is a well-established method and technique of providing data. The current development shows the availability of systems with very high geometric resolution for the monitoring of vegetation. At the same time, however, the value of temporally high-resolution data is underestimated, particularly in applications focusing on the detection of short-term changes. These can be natural processes like natural disasters as well as changes caused by anthropogenic interventions. These include economic activities such as forestry, agriculture or mining but also processes which are intended to convert previously used areas into natural or near-natural surfaces. The Königsbrücker Heide is a former military training site located about 30 km north of the Saxon state capitol Dresden. After the withdrawal of the Soviet forces in 1992 and after nearly 100 years of military use this site was declared as nature reserve in 1996. The management of the whole protection area is implemented in three different management zone. Based on MODIS-NDVI time series between 2000 and 2016 different developments are apparent in the nature development zone and the zone of controlled succession. Nevertheless, the analyses also show that short-term changes, so called breaks in the vegetation development cannot be described using linear trend models. The complete understanding of vegetation trends is only given if discontinuities in vegetation development are considered. Structural breaks in the NDVI time series can be found simultaneously in the whole study area. Hence it can be assumed that these breaks have a more natural character, caused for example by climatic conditions like temperature or precipitation. Otherwise, especially in the zone of controlled succession structural breaks can be detected which cannot be traced back to natural conditions. Final analyses of the spatial distribution of breakpoints as well as their frequency depending on the respective protection zone allow a detailed view to vegetation development in the Köonigsbrüucker Heide.
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Cardosa, João. "Health expenditures in the OECD: a political economy analysis using structural breaks." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11847.

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A Masters Thesis, presented as part of the requirements for the award of a Research Masters Degree in Economics from NOVA – School of Business and Economics
We write this paper with the main purpose of investigating whether or not political factors influence the structural changes in health expenditure. We are not concerned about shocks as most researchers do; but instead we search for significant structural break dates and try to find a correlation between them and political changes. We choose to study health expenditure due to its relevance in terms of share on GDP and share on public expenditure and because of the continuous growth it shows over the last decades. We use probit models for our empirical tests. Public health expenditure share on GDP is found to have a statistically significant higher probability of breaking in election years which is a clear indication of possible political effects. By opposition break dates on Private health expenditure share on GDP show no correlation with elections. In addition, the probability of occurrence of breaks in public current health expenditure significantly increases in election years and the coefficients are higher and more significant in this case than the case of total public health expenditure. However, this is not verified in investment expenditure which means that elections seem to have a higher impact on short term expenses. Majority governments show a lesser probability of inducing breaks during their term in office but a higher probability before elections. Although we sometimes found statistically significant differences depending on the ideology of the respective government (i.e. left or right) we failed to achieve consistent and coherent results to allow us to establish a clear conclusion. We based our study on a data set of 23 OECD countries between the years 1960 and 2006.
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Rea, William Stanley. "The Application of Atheoretical Regression Trees to Problems in Time Series Analysis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1715.

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This thesis applies Atheoretical Regression Trees (ART) to the problem of locating changes in mean in a time series where the number and location of those changes are unknown. We undertook an extensive simulation study into ART's performance on a range of time series. We found ART to be a useful addition to currently established structural break methodologies such as the CUSUM and that due to Bai and Perron. ART was found to be useful in the analysis of long time series which are not practical to analyze with the optimal procedure of Bai and Perron. ART was applied to a long standing problem in the analysis of long memory time series. We propose two new methods based on ART for distinguishing between true long memory and spurious long memory due to structural breaks. These methods are fundamentally different from current tests and procedures intended to discriminate between the two sets of competing models. The methods were subjected to a simulation study and shown to be effective in discrimination between simple regime switching models and fractionally integrated processes. We applied the new methods to 16 realized volatility series and concluded they were not fractionally integrated series. All 16 series had mean shifts, some of which could be identified with historical events. We applied the new methods to a range of geophysical time series and concluded they were not fractional Gaussian noises. All of the series examined had mean shifts, some of which could be identified with known climatic changes. We conclude that our new methods are a significant advance in model discrimination in long memory series.
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Strandås, Christina. "The phenolic complex in flaxseed : analysis, structural features and bioactivity /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200810.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Structural Break Analysis"

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Studinger, Michael. Interpretation und Analyse von Potentialfelddaten im Weddellmeer, Antarktis: Der Zerfall des Superkontinents Gondwana = Compilation and analysis of potential field data from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica : implications for the break-up of Gondwana. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1998.

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León, Javier. Structural breaks and long-run trends in commodity prices. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1995.

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Makatjane, Katleho, and Roscoe van Wyk. Identifying structural changes in the exchange rates of South Africa as a regime-switching process. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/919-8.

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Exchange rate volatility is said to exemplify the economic health of a country. Exchange rate break points (known as structural breaks) have a momentous impact on the macroeconomy of a country. Nonetheless, this country study makes use of both unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms to classify structural changes as regime shifts in real exchange rates in South Africa. Weekly data for the period January 2003–June 2020 are used. To these data we apply both non-linear principal component analysis and Markov-switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. The former approach is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data using an orthogonal linear transformation by preserving the statistical variance of the data, with the proviso that a new trait is non-linearly independent, and it identifies the number of regime switches that are to be used in the Markov-switching model. The latter is used to partition the variance in each regime by allowing an estimation of multiple break transitions. The transition breakpoints estimates derived from this machine learning approach produce results that are comparable to other methods on similar system sizes. Application of these methods shows that the machine learning approach can also be employed to identify structural changes as a regime-switching process. During times of financial crisis, the growing concern over exchange rate volatility, including its adverse effects on employment and growth, broadens the debates on exchange rate policies. Our results should help the South African monetary policy committee to anticipate when exchange rates will pick up and be prepared for the effects of periods of high exchange rates.
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Hassan, Mirza, and Selim Raihan. Navigating the Deals World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801641.003.0004.

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This chapter shows how elite political settlements over time have influenced economic growth in Bangladesh. More concretely, the chapter focuses on the analysis of economic, institutional, and political economy conditions behind structural breaks in economic growth, phases of growth acceleration, and transitions in growth regimes in Bangladesh. This involves analysis of the pattern of structural change in the economy, mapping of the rent generation and rent allocations process in different sectors, discussions on the institutional space (i.e. delineation of the nature of formal and informal institutions that tend to affect a firm’s behaviour), and analysis of the deals environment of the business. The chapter also explores the incentives and ideology/vision of the political, state, and economic elites, the nature of state–business relations, and the influence of de facto growth coalitions to explain the dynamics of current trends and future prospects for growth in Bangladesh.
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Abdel Aziz, Azza Ahmed, and Aroob Alfaki. Shifting Terrains of Political Participation in Sudan: Elements dating from the second colonial (1898–1956) period to the contemporary era. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.70.

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This report presents elements of the development of Sudanese women’s political participation through time. It highlights several political routes from their early days until the contemporary era. The study is based on an analysis of secondary sources alongside empirical data derived from four states within Sudan, namely: Blue Nile, Central Darfur, Kassala and River Nile. Different themes are explored and they include: the meanings of political participation, women’s leadership roles, identifying structural limitations that hinder the participation of women in politics, possible avenues for women’s participation, the presence of women in politics, variations in religious interpretations and their impact on political participation, the status of the Sudanese constitution and the views of women and men on the extent that women might advance in the next elections. The report also address how the December revolution of 2018 might improve the situation for women’s political participation, since it marks a break from the earlier practices of the Islamist regime that had a severe negative impact on the freedoms of Sudanese women and their ability to engage in political activities. Political parties are considered gatekeepers for women’s access to political positions of power as they play an important role in institutionalizing women’s inclusion in politics. Ensuring that political parties in Sudan play an active role in the advancement of gender equality and the enhancement of women’s political participation is particularly important as Sudan prepares for its transition to democracy.
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Gil, Nuno. A Collective-Action Perspective on the Planning of Megaprojects. Edited by Bent Flyvbjerg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732242.013.28.

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This chapter adopts a collective action perspective to study the planning of large infrastructure developments: so-called “megaprojects.” The research is grounded on the analysis of make-or-break issues that beset four megaprojects in the UK. First it is argued that megaprojects are organizational networks that at the core create large arenas of consensus-oriented collective action. The analysis shows how the conflation of resource scarcity, conflicting interests, and concerns with legitimacy complicates local searches for mutually consensual solutions and brings to the fore bargaining and political activity. The central contribution is a model that proposes a combination of four high-order coordination mechanisms for management to carry the actors along openly: relaxing performance targets, building organizational slack, espousing flexible designs, and creating a structure of umpires to settle disputes that could not be self-resolved. Implications for the megaproject performance debate are discussed.
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Rodosthenous, George. Mamma Mia! and the Aesthetics of the Twenty-First-Century Jukebox Musical. Edited by Robert Gordon and Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.25.

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This chapter explores the aesthetics of the jukebox musical subgenre and, by taking Mamma Mia! as a key example, analyses the dramaturgy of the piece to show how its narrative and musical structure reflects the interlocking themes of the break-up of the nuclear family, mother–daughter relationships, and the problems of single mothers. By examining how Mamma Mia! evokes on stage the sunny atmosphere of a beach holiday on a Greek island, the article demonstrates the way in which the show exploits the jukebox format to express the utopianism of musical comedy through the pleasure derived from its artful deployment of ABBA’s greatest hits. The essay considers the jukebox structure of Mamma Mia! and compares it with other British examples of the subgenre, namely the jukebox musicals Our House (2002), Taboo (2002), Never Forget (2007), and Viva Forever (2013).
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Braun, Benjamin. Central Bank Planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820802.003.0009.

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Central banks have increasingly used communication to guide market actors’ expectations of future rates of interest, inflation, and growth. However, aware of the pitfalls of (financial) central planning, central bankers until recently drew a line by restricting their monetary policy interventions to short-term interest rates. Longer-term rates, they argued, reflected decentralized knowledge and should be determined by market forces. By embracing forward guidance and quantitative easing (QE) to target long-term rates, central banks have crossed that line. While consistent with the post-1980s expansion of the temporal reach of monetary policy further into the future, these unconventional policies nevertheless mark a structural break—the return of hydraulic macroeconomic state agency, refashioned for a financialized economy. This chapter analyses the theoretical and practical reasoning behind this shift in the governability paradigm and examines the epistemic and reputational costs of modern central bank planning and the non-market setting of long-term bond prices.
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Bank Muñoz, Carolina. Building Power from Below. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501712883.001.0001.

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Building Power from Below analyzes the success of Walmart workers in Chile. Retail and warehouse workers have achieved the seemingly unachievable. They have organized Walmart. How do we explain workers’ success in Chile, the cradle of neoliberalism, in challenging the world’s largest and most antiunion corporation? Chilean workers have spent years building grass roots organizations committed to principles of union democracy. While both retail and warehouse workers have successful unions, they have built different organizations due to their industry, workforce, and political histories. The independent retail worker unions are best characterized by what I call flexible militancy. These unions have less structural power, but have significant associational and symbolic power. While they have made notable bread and butter gains, their most notable successes have been in fighting for respect and dignity on the job. Warehouse workers by contrast have significant structural power. Their unions are best characterized by what I call strategic democracy. Their structural power has offered them the opportunity to “map production” and build strategic capacity. They have been especially successful in economic gains. While the model in Chile cannot necessarily be reproduced in different countries, we can certainly gain insights from their approaches, tactics, and strategies.
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Empson, Laura. Leadership Dyads. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744788.003.0005.

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The dual leadership model, or ‘leadership dyad’, is common in professional organizations. This chapter asks: can leadership dyads can be effective and, if so, how do they work in practice? It identifies the different configurations of roles and relationships and the conflict and harmony that can result. It presents a framework which analyses four different leadership dyads that occur in professional organizations: ‘intuitive collaboration’, ‘structured coordination’, ‘negotiated cohabitation’, and ‘careful cooperation’, explaining why each can be effective, in very different ways and for very different reasons, because they are able to embody and reconcile the inherent tension between the individual and collective within professional organizations. It demonstrates how even the most discordant dyads can be effective if their members can embody, express, and repeatedly resolve the conflicts which permeate the organization as a whole. This chapter examines the serious consequences when the leadership dyad breaks down and explains what leaders can do if they become involved in a dysfunctional dyad or triad.
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Book chapters on the topic "Structural Break Analysis"

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Jovanović, A., D. Sturm, and M. Hassler. "Development of an Expert System for Leak-Before-Break Analysis." In Expert Systems in Structural Safety Assessment, 250–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83991-7_14.

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Luber, Mattias, Christoph Weisser, Benjamin Säfken, Alexander Silbersdorff, Thomas Kneib, and Krisztina Kis-Katos. "Identifying Topical Shifts in Twitter Streams: An Integration of Non-negative Matrix Factorisation, Sentiment Analysis and Structural Break Models for Large Scale Data." In Disinformation in Open Online Media, 33–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87031-7_3.

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Chakpitak, Nopasit, Payap Tarkhamtham, Woraphon Yamaka, and Songsak Sriboonchitta. "Structural Breaks Dependence Analysis of Oil, Natural Gas, and Heating Oil: A Vine-Copula Approach." In Structural Changes and their Econometric Modeling, 451–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04263-9_35.

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Ivona, Antonietta. "Coastal Heritage and Territorial Signs." In Proceedings e report, 85–94. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.10.

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Geographical space must be understood as a progressive and conscious construction in which the geographical elements and the relationships between the elements themselves are placed. From the post-World War II period and for the following twenty years, the coastal area has maintained an albeit minimal break with the man-made spaces; since the seventies of the last century, rapid industrial development has increasingly occupied the coasts. Among the most evident coastal territorial signs are the lighthouses. The analysis intends to reflect on the path of transformation of some coastal structures in Italy.
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Brodny, Jarosław, Magdalena Tutak, and Marcin Michalak. "The Use of the TGŚP Module as a Database to Identify Breaks in the Work of Mining Machinery." In Beyond Databases, Architectures and Structures. Towards Efficient Solutions for Data Analysis and Knowledge Representation, 441–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58274-0_35.

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Pérez-Nieto, A., J. J. Chanona-Pérez, G. Calderón-Domínguez, R. Farrera-Rebollo, L. Alamilla-Beltrán, and G. F. Gutiérrez-López. "Study of White-Bread Structural Evolution by Means of Image Analysis and Associated Thermal History and Water-Loss Kinetics." In Water Properties in Food, Health, Pharmaceutical and Biological Systems: ISOPOW 10, 627–34. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958193.ch59.

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Pal, Dipyaman, Chandrima Chakraborty, and Arpita Ghose. "Is There Any Decline in Growth of Rice Production in Indian Agriculture in Post-liberalization Era: Evidence from Multiple Structural Breaks Analysis." In The Globalization Conundrum—Dark Clouds behind the Silver Lining, 269–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1727-9_16.

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Sørensen, Hanne Værum. "Children’s Play and Social Relations in Nature and Kindergarten Playgrounds: Examples from Norway." In International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development, 79–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72595-2_5.

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AbstractIn kindergarten, outdoor playtime is usually a break from more structured activities. It is leisure time and an opportunity for children to engage in free play with friends. Previous research indicates that time spent outdoors facilitates playful physical activity and that playing in nature inspires children’s creativity, imaginations and play across age and gender. In short, play and social relations are crucial for young children’s development and cultural formation. This study investigated children’s play activities during outdoor playtime in nature and on kindergarten playgrounds. Its empirical materials consisted of video observations of 12 four-year-old’s activities in nature and on a kindergarten playground and interviews with two kindergarten teachers. One child, Benjamin was the primary focus, and five more were also included. Two examples of one child’s social play in nature and on the playground were analysed to illuminate the different conditions and challenges he encountered. The findings indicate that children’s play in nature tends to be more creative and inclusive than that on kindergarten playgrounds, that kindergarten teachers participate more in children’s play in nature than on playgrounds and that children are sensitive to and try to engage in what they view as a correct form of discourse with their teachers. The author argues for further research on the subject to learn more about children’s social relations, creativity and cultural formation during outdoor playtime in nature.
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Maity, Shrabanti, and Anup Sinha. "India’s Tea Export in the Scenario of Trade Openness: An Analysis of Trend and Structural Break." In Global Tariff War: Economic, Political and Social Implications, 203–16. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-314-720211016.

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Maity, Shrabanti, and Anup Sinha. "India's Readymade Garments Export in the Scenario of Trade Openness: An Analysis of Trend and Structural Break." In Productivity Growth in the Manufacturing Sector, 219–29. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-094-820211016.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structural Break Analysis"

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Andreeski, Cvetko J., Pandian Vasant, Abdul Halim Hakim, Pandian Vasant, and Nader Barsoum. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON TIME SERIES WITH INCLUDED STRUCTURAL BREAK." In POWER CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION: Proceedings of the Second Global Conference on Power Control and Optimization. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3223933.

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Qin, Manqing, Xinghua Li, and Jicheng Zhao. "Analysis of Dynamic Effects Associated With Postulated Breaks of Piping." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15273.

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High energy pipe break hypothesis and engineering practice shall be taken into account and performed during nuclear power plant design due to defense-in-depth concept unless leak-before-break or break preclusion concept is applied. High energy pipe breaks potentially occur in the high stress area and break locations can be recognized by specific regulations based on mechanical analysis of piping systems. Engineering measures shall be applied to mitigate the consequences caused by high energy pipe breaks later. From engineering point of view High Energy Line Break analysis requires an essential knowledge in the different fields, such as: structural and dynamic mechanics, hydrodynamics, plant arrangements and so on. Aims of this paper consist of two aspects: definition of break locations associated with engineering practice of piping stress analysis and a conservative model of anti-whip analysis based on some assumptions. Comparison results are given after analytical investigation of the piping whip analysis with different numerical modeling and tools at the same time. An example of such comparison between transient model and energy balance methods is performed based on some basic assumptions in relation to specific piping layout. The simplified calculation model appears well for a conservative estimation of pipe whip characteristics, both for maximum displacements of piping and maximum loads impacted on anti-whip restraints.
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Sun, Qian, Tianji Peng, Zhiwei Zhou, Zhibin Chen, and Jieqiong Jiang. "Transient Analysis on Helium Coolant Tube Break Accident of Dual-Functional Lithium Lead Test Blanket Module." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60123.

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Dual-functional Lithium Lead Test Blanket Module (DFLL-TBM) was proposed by China for testing in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).When an in-TBM helium coolant tube breaks, high pressure helium will discharge into the Pb-Li breeding zones. The pressure shock in the TBM will threaten the structural integrity and safety of ITER. Simulation and analysis on helium coolant tube break accident of DFLL-TBM was performed, and two cases with different break sizes were considered. Computational results indicate that intense pressure waves spread quickly from the break to the surrounding structures and the variation of pressure in the TBM breeding box is drastic especially when the pressure wave propagation encounters large resistance such as at the bending corner of the flow channel, the inlet and outlet of Pb-Li, etc. The maximum pressure in the TBM breeding box which is even higher than the operating pressure of helium also occurs in these zones. Although the pressure shock lasts for a very short time, its effect on the structural integrity of DFLL-TBM needs to be paid attention to.
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Stefanini, L., and F. J. Blom. "Probabilistic Leak Before Break." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84056.

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In this study a probabilistic Leak-Before-Break (LBB) analysis was carried out based on the R6 FAD Option 1 assessment method. The method uses the material fracture toughness and yield stress in order to determine, deterministically, a Critical Crack Length (CCL) and a Leakage Rate (LR) through a crack. In order to define the fracture toughness of the material, the Master Curve approach was used accordingly to BS7910:2013 Annex J. Initially, deterministic analyses were carried out and the fracture toughness and yield stress were set to 190 MPa√m and 158 MPa, respectively. In order to implement a probabilistic approach, the yield stress and fracture toughness were introduced as stochastic parameter. The Fracture toughness was generated using a Weibull distribution to match the Master Curve. The distribution was built such that 190 MPa√m represents the 5% probability fracture toughness. The Yield stress (0.2% proof strength) was generated using a normal distribution with standard deviation 10.35 MPa such that the average value was 175 MPa and the lower bound (5% of probability of occurrence) was 158 MPa. The choice of building the distribution as above mentioned was justified by the fact that in structural integrity assessment the lower 5% is generally used for material parameters. Thus, once a Detectable Leakage Rate (DLR) was determined, it was possible to assign an implicit probability of failure to the deterministic case. The calculations were then extended by using several LR formulas. The calculations were carried out making use of the probabilistic software RAP++ coupled to MATLAB. The probabilities of failure were calculated with regard to a postulated DLR and a DLRSF corrected with a safety factor of 10. The probabilities of failure for the DLRSF were proved to be 9 to 15 times higher than for the postulated DLR case, which leads to the opportunity of conservatism reduction.
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Rosenblad, Peter M., L. P. Buchanan, and C. R. Bett. "Hydrogen Transfer Line Structural Analysis." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84061.

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This paper presents the design and analysis of the Hydrogen Transfer Lines (HTL) in the Spallation Neutron Source Facility (SNS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. SNS is a Neutron Accelerator providing intense pulsed neutron beams for scientific research into the behavior of materials. The use of supercritical Hydrogen provides moderation of these neutron beam lines. This is facilitated by the HTL, which consists of six coaxial tubes transporting supercritical hydrogen to and from the Moderators surrounding the Mercury Target inside the Core Vessel (CV). Each Hydrogen line is surrounded by a vacuum tube in order to preserve the supercritical Hydrogen temperature of −425°F (−254° C/19 K). An inert Helium tube and a Water Jacket surround the Outer Vacuum Jacket. The Hydrogen boundary is considered the primary containment boundary, with the vacuum tubing being the secondary containment boundary both considered to be safety significant. The HTL assembly tubing must be qualified as Performance Category 3 to the requirements of Department of Energy Standard 1020-1994 for Natural Phenomena Hazards. This requires a detailed dynamic analysis. The HTL must also be qualified to ASCE 43-05 for Limit State consideration for abnormal events and ASME B31.3 for sustained and occasional (upset) loadings. The design basis includes consideration of normal sustained loadings such as deadweight and pressure, as well as thermal expansion/contraction, a Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) with associated Anchor Movements (SAM) and the potential physical interaction between coaxial tubes. Intermittent spacers are provided between some of the tubes, providing a functional interspace between the Hydrogen tubing and the Vacuum Jackets. The analytical methodology involves supplementing unaddressed criteria per ASME B31.3 thus requiring the application of more detailed rules found in ASME Section III, NC-3600, ASCE/SEI 43 – 05 as well as Regulatory Requirements such as USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.61 and 1.92. To assess the potential of a postulated failure of the primary Hydrogen boundary inside the Core Vessel, NUREG 0800, Section 3.6.3, Leak-Before-Break Evaluation Procedures are employed.
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Marzouk, Osama, and Ali Nayfeh. "Simulation, Analysis, and Explanation of the Lift Suppression and Break of 2:1 Force Coupling Due to in-Line Structural Vibration." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2309.

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Byun, Young Jin, Young Sil Sul, Kwang Won Lee, and Jong Tae Seo. "Reactor Coolant System Branch Line Pipe Break Analysis for Shin-Kori Units 3 and 4." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30066.

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Shin-Kori Units 3&4 (SKN 3&4) are the first APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MWe) nuclear power plants being under construction in Korea. The capacity and size of main components in the APR1400 nuclear steam supply system have been increased from the OPR1000 (Optimized Power Reactor 1000 MWe) which is the reference plant in operation. Especially, the increased pipe size of the main steam and the economizer feedwater lines cause more severe excitations such as the nozzle thrust, jet impingement, and nozzle reactions when those lines are postulated to break at terminal ends or intermediate locations. In this paper, the major mechanical effects on the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) due to the branch line pipe breaks for SKN 3&4 are investigated; the support loads of the reactor vessel, steam generators, reactor coolant pumps are evaluated. In this investigation, the RCS is modeled using 3-dimensional lumped mass and beam elements, and the nonlinear time-history structural analyses are performed. The analysis results show that the RCS dynamic responses are governed by the main steam line breaks and feedwater economizer line breaks.
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Ustabaş, Ayfer, and Özgür Ömer Ersin. "The Effects of R&D and High Technology Exports on Economic Growth: A Comparative Cointegration Analysis for Turkey and South Korea." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01475.

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The importance of technology and research and development (R&D) on economic development through international trade has been discussed in many studies. However, the empirical studies focusing on the role of high technology exports has been limited. The study aims at filling this gap by evaluating the relationship between high technology exports and GDP per capita levels with structural unit root tests and cointegration methodologies for Turkey and South Korea for the 1989-2014 period. The following hypothesis is evaluated: by increasing high technology manufactured goods’ exports, countries could increase their GDP per capita which also requires increased R&D that translates itself as high technology manufactured exports. The empirical methodology is as follows: both GDP per capita and high-tech exports variables are tested with traditional ADF, PP unit root and KPSS stationarity tests. The series are further evaluated with Zivot-Andrews single break and Lee-Strazicich two break unit root tests. The structural break tests are necessary; it is well-known that structural breaks lead to biased results in the traditional unit root and additionally in the cointegration tests. Lastly, both variables are tested for cointegration with Engle-Granger and Johansen tests by incorporating the break dates as exogenous dummy variables. The estimated models are further checked for parameter instability with CUSUM type tests. The results obtained for Turkey and South Korea are slightly different: i. both variables are cointegrated for both countries; ii. For South Korea, the positive impact of high-tech exports on GDP cannot be rejected in the long and short run; ii. This conclusion cannot be obtained for Turkey, iii. the parameter estimates for Turkey hint a limited positive effect of high tech exports in the short-run only. The results suggest that, in the future, Turkey should increase the investments in human capital and R&D directed to high tech exports to which could accelerate the economic growth.
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Osakabe, Kazuya, Hiroyuki Nishikawa, Koichi Masaki, Jinya Katsuyama, and Kunio Onizawa. "Structural Integrity Evaluation of Reactor Pressure Vessels During PTS Events Using Deterministic and Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97923.

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To assess the structural integrity of reactor vessels (RVs) during pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events, a deterministic fracture mechanics (DFM) approach has been widely used such as the procedure in JEAC4206-2007. On the other hand, the application of a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis method for the structural reliability assessment of RV has become attractive recently because uncertainties related to input parameters can be incorporated rationally. The probabilistic approach has already been adopted as the regulation on fracture toughness requirements against PTS events in the U.S. In this paper, in order to verify the applicability of a PFM method to JEAC4206-2007, deterministic and probabilistic analyses have been performed, and the effects of initial crack size defined in JEAC4206-2007 on the temperature margin obtained from DFM and the probability of crack initiation obtained from PFM have been evaluated. With regard to the PTS event variation, a stuck open valve scenario (SO) has been considered in addition to large- and small-break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA, SBLOCA) and main steam line break (MSLB).
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Arzhaev, Alexey, Sergey Sivakov, Kirill Arzhaev, Sergey Butorin, and Valentin Makhanev. "Application of Structural Integrity Concepts to NPP Piping and Equipment During Design, Commissioning and Operation." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20436.

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Application of Structural Integrity Concepts to RF NPP piping and equipment have started in Russia in the beginning of 1990s from requirements to Leak Before Break (LBB) calculation studies adopted by regulatory body. Results of first practical LBB Concept application to RF NPP piping have been reported at Lyon LBB Conference in year 1995. Experience of LBB Concept practical application in Russia during 1990s formed strong basis for issuing comprehensive guideline RD 95 10547-99 which stated LBB Concept basic principles and requirements applicable to RF NPPs with Light Water Reactors (LWR) at all stages of Life Cycle: design, commissioning and operation. Requirements of RD 95 10547-99 guideline have been in good correspondence to classic LBB principles used in many European countries, USA, Japan and to IAEA Technical Documents as well. RF NPP piping operation experience analysis have revealed necessity of producing more general methodology — Break Preclusion (BP) Concept — to substantiate structural integrity of piping potentially susceptible to active degradation mechanisms like Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC), Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC), etc. BP and LBB Concepts are based on the same major principles: (a) quality of design, manufacturing, assembling, (b) monitoring of degradation and operating conditions, (c) enveloping loading conditions with respect to maximum design loads, (d) calculation and experimental substantiation of failure according to LBB scenario. LBB Concept requires full implementation of principles (a)÷(d) and BP Concept allows to achieve balance in implementation of principles (a) and (b) while principles (c) and (d) should be fully implemented. Memorandum of 8th International Scientific and Technical Conference “Safety of VVER NPPs” in year 2013 stated as a 1st priority goal to substantiate structural integrity of main components for Long-Term Operation (LTO) during 60–80 years. Actual regulatory demands to operating NPPs also produce strong demand to provide structural integrity arguments for safety important piping and equipment as a part of periodic safety justification of NPP Unit needed for license extension. Peculiarities of structural integrity concepts application to safety important piping and equipment at different stages of NPP Unit Life Cycle (design. commissioning and operation) are discussed in paper with emphasis on technical measures providing conditions for effective degradation monitoring and prevention during LTO. Perspectives of regulatory documents improvement are also discussed.
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