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MENICHINI, AMILCAR ARMANDO. "Financial Frictions and Capital Structure Choice: A Structural Dynamic Estimation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145397.
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This thesis studies different aspects of firm decisions by using a dynamic model. I estimate a dynamic model of the firm based on the trade-off theory of capital structure that endogenizes investment, leverage, and payout decisions. For the estimation of the model I use Efficient Method of Moments (EMM), which allows me to recover the structural parameters that best replicate the characteristics of the data. I start analyzing the question of whether target leverage varies over time. While this is a central issue in finance, there is no consensus in the literature on this point. I propose an explanation that reconciles some of the seemingly contradictory empirical evidence. The dynamic model generates a target leverage that changes over time and consistently reproduces the results of Lemmon, Roberts, and Zender (2008). These findings suggest that the time-varying target leverage assumption of the big bulk of the previous literature is not incompatible with the evidence presented by Lemmon, Roberts, and Zender (2008). Then I study how corporate income tax payments vary with the corporate income tax rate. The dynamic model produces a bell-shaped relationship between tax revenue and the tax rate that is consistent with the notion of the Laffer curve. The dynamic model generates the maximum tax revenue for a tax rate between 36% and 41%. Finally, I investigate the impact of financial constraints on investment decisions by firms. Model results show that investment-cash flow sensitivity is higher for less financially constrained firms. This result is consistent with Kaplan and Zingales (1997). The dynamic model also rationalizes why large and mature firms have a positive and significant investment-cash flow sensitivity.
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Wu, Guiying. "Uncertainty, investment and capital accumulation : a structural econometric approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:27e70f50-488a-4113-b7b6-c5b6b916f156.
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This thesis contributes to the empirical literature about how uncertainty affects firm-level investment behavior and capital accumulation using a structural econometric approach. Chapter 2 surveys the literature and highlights that there are two key channels through which uncertainty may affect investment decisions. One reflects the non-linearity of operating profits in stochastic demand or productivity parameters, summarized as the Hartman-Abel-Caballero (HAC) effect. Another reflects frictions in capital adjustment, summarized by different forms of capital adjustment costs: partial irreversibility, a fixed cost of undertaking any investment and quadratic adjustment costs. Chapter 3 presents simulation evidence about the effects of uncertainty on investment dynamics and capital accumulation through different forms of adjustment costs. Using the Method of Simulated Moments, Chapters 4 and 5 estimate fully parametric structural investment models, for panels of Brazilian and UK manufacturing firms, respectively. Chapter 4 investigates the effects of reducing capital adjustment costs. Counterfactual simulations indicate that investment would be much more responsive to new information about profitability if firms in Brazil faced a lower level of adjustment costs. A lower level of adjustment costs would also induce firms to operate with substantially higher capital stocks. Both these effects are mainly due to the importance of the estimated quadratic adjustment costs. Chapter 5 then investigates the effects of changing the level of uncertainty. The estimated investment models predict a small effect of uncertainty on investment dynamics in the short-run, and a negative and potentially large effect of uncertainty on capital accumulation in the long-run. The long-run effect of uncertainty operates through the negative effect of quadratic adjustment costs in the baseline model, or through a richer combination of effects in an extended model that allows discount rates to vary with the level of uncertainty.
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Barros, Fernanda Maria Magalhães Pereira. "Aplicação do modelo VAICTM a empresas cotadas na Bolsa de Valores em Portugal." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4677.
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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências EmpresariaisO desenvolvimento da presente investigação pretende contribuir para a explicação de dois fatores relevantes: o Capital Intelectual (CI) e a eficiência do Capital Intelectual e financeiro, através do Modelo Value Added Intellectual Capital Coefficient . O Capital Intelectual tem recebido interesse crescente e desenvolvimento na economia e no mundo global. Tem-se multiplicado, nas últimas décadas, os estudos de forma a conceituar, definir e mensurar o CI. O método Value Added Intellectual Capital Coefficient (VAICTM ), modelo amplamente utilizado para medir a eficiência do Capital Intelectual foi aplicado as empresas cotadas na Bolsa de Valores de Lisboa ano de 2012. Não foi possível determinar uma relação muito significativa entre a rentabilidade da empresa e os componentes do VAICTM .
The development of this research aims to contribute to the explanation of two relevant factors: the intellectual Capital (IC) and the efficiency of the intellectual and financial Capital though the method Value Added Intellectual Capital Coefficient . Intellectual Capital has received growing interest and development in the economy and the global world. In the recent decades multiplied studies have been made in order to conceptualize, define and measure the IC. The Method Value Added Intellectual Capital Coefficient (VAICTM), a model widely used to measure the efficiency of intellectual Capital was applied to companies listed on Euronext Lisbon in the year of 2012. It has not been possible to determine a significant relationship between the profitability of the company and the VAICTM components.
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Engle, Scott L. "Structural Holes and Simmelian Ties: Exploring Social Capital, Task Interdependence, and Individual Effectiveness." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2251/.
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Two contrasting notions have been put forward on how social capital may influence individual effectiveness in organizations. Burt (1992) sets forth the informational and control advantages that are possible by building an open network characterized by large numbers of structural holes. In contrast, Coleman (1990) and Simmel (1950) have suggested that network closure, exemplified by large numbers of Simmelian ties, enables actors to develop trust, cohesiveness, and norms which contribute to effectiveness. Simmelian ties are strong, reciprocal ties shared by three actors. It is proposed that an actor's network cannot be dominated by both structural holes and Simmelian ties. Thus, this study examines whether a moderating variable is at work. It is proposed that the actor's task interdependence in the workplace influences the relationship between network closure and individual effectiveness. Actors in less task interdependent environments will benefit especially from the information and control benefits afforded by a network characterized by structural holes. Conversely, actors in highly interdependent environments will benefit especially from the creation of trust and cooperation that result from large numbers of Simmelian ties. Data was collected on 113 subjects in three organizations. Subjects were asked to rate the strength of their relationship with all organization members and their own level of task interdependence. Contrary to expectations, nearly all subjects reported high levels of task interdependence. Raters in each organization provided individual effectiveness measures for all subjects. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical set regression and bivariate correlation. The results indicated support for the hypothesized relationship of Simmelian ties with task interdependence. When examining all cases, no support was found for the hypothesized relationship of structural holes and Simmelian ties with individual effectiveness and of structural holes with task interdependence. Nonetheless, additional analyses provided some indication of an association between Simmelian ties and individual effectiveness. Task interdependence did not moderate the relationships between either Simmelian ties or structural holes and individual effectiveness.
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Garnett, Jonathan. "Work based learning partnerships and structural capital : the case of Middlesex University." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6541/.
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The aim of the project is to enhance the value of work based learning to Middlesex University through the development of a critical understanding of the relationship between the Middlesex approach to work based learning and the concept of structural capital. The project considers the Middlesex approach to work based learning and identifies the salient features of the approach. Key to the distinctive nature of the Middlesex approach is the recognition by the University of Work Based Learning as a field of study. The central theme of the project is how the existing demonstrable value of work based learning could be further enhanced by understanding the Middlesex approach in relation to intellectual capital and knowledge management concepts. Intellectual capital is considered as being divided into human, structural and customer capital. The traditional area of expertise of the University has been the development of human capital. Consideration of knowledge management literature identified a range of factors generally seen as facilitating the enhancement of intellectual capital. These factors and the types of intellectual capital were used to examine three case studies of Middlesex work based learning partnerships with: • a leading international construction management company • a UK local authority • an overseas higher education institution. The case studies highlighted the importance of the structural capital of the University in the customised development, business focused operation and responsive evolution of the partnerships. The potential of the work based learning partnership to contribute to the structural capital of the partner and the University is highlighted by the case studies. The report identifies the nature and the significance of the Middlesex University approach to work based leaning as a structural capital asset and concludes with 17 recommendations covering curriculum development, consultancy, research, partnership design and operation and staff development which will inform the future development of Work Based Learning at Middlesex and lead to a range of publications.
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Akamavi, Neneh. "The relationship between knowledge sharing socialisation mechanisms, structural capital and organisational performance." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16525.
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Globalisation, increasing competition, turbulent economic environments, and technological changes have shifted the significance of traditional assets as primary resources in sustaining competitive advantage for organisations. Whilst traditional assets remain valuable, knowledge sharing has become increasingly recognised as another critically important factor. Arguably, the use of knowledge sharing mechanisms (personal socialisation and electronic socialisation) and structural capital dimensions such as network ties, network configuration, network stability, and centrality will impact organisational performance. Thus hypothetically, knowledge sharing mechanisms are likely to affect organisational performance through the mediating role of structural capital dimensions. However, the existing literature has largely overlooked the association between knowledge sharing mechanisms, structural capital and organisational performance. Subsequently, the holistic integration of the above constructs remains under-explored. As a result, this study examines the direct and indirect effects between knowledge sharing mechanisms and structural capital on organisational performance. In addition, it validates a conceptual framework and tests a range of research hypotheses. Using a hypothetic-deductive approach, a research instrument was developed based on the existing literature. The piloted research instrument was administered to a census of the UK Top 500 companies listed in the FAME database. A useable response from 167 chief executives, chief operating officers and top managers surveyed resulted in a 33.4% response rate. Multivariate analysis results indicate the internal reliability (total Cronbach Alpha values) of retained factors ranging from .72 to .90. Structural equation modelling (SEM) show adequate goodness of fit indices: CMIN/DF=1.11, NFI=.97, GFI=.91, CFI=.98, TLI=.99, and RMSEA=.03. Results demonstrate that structural capital mediates the relationship between knowledge sharing mechanisms and organisational performance: the hypotheses were confirmed. Moreover, electronic socialisation was shown to have a positive significant effect on operations performance. This study successfully validated the conceptual framework derived from a range of relevant theories. The study provides unique insights into how knowledge sharing mechanisms interacted with structural capital which leads to organisational performance: In integrating the aforementioned research constructs this study fills theoretical gaps by broadening the conceptualisation of the structural capital dimensionality and organisational performance facets. As a result, this study advances our understanding of organisational performance determinants. Accordingly, it provides managerial implications based on the results obtained. Limitations of the methodological approach and avenues for further studies are discussed.
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Nunes, André Gomes Ferreira dos Santos. "Capital intelectual e a vantagem competitiva." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6188.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisCapital Intelectual pode ser o mais importante activo de uma empresa no desenvolvimento e criação de valor para ela própria e obtenção de uma vantagem competitiva sustentável. Representando o conhecimento necessário para fazer face ao ambiente externo o Capital Intelectual é único no mercado. Esta investigação reúne evidências de que o Capital Intelectual tem influência na Vantagem Competitiva de uma organização. O caminho que leva o Capital Intelectual a impactar sobre a Vantagem Competitiva tem início em investimentos sobre o Capital Humano que deverá transformar as suas competências em Capital Estrutural e posteriormente em Capital Relacional para que através deste se atinja a Vantagem Competitiva.
Intellectual Capital can be the most important asset for the development and achievement of a sustainable competitive advantage of a company. Being the so necessary knowledge to get through organizations competitiveness, Intellectual Capital is a unique and highly valuable resource. This investigation shows Intellectual Capital to have influence on a company’s Competitive Advantage. The path allowing Intellectual Capital to be influent on Competitive Advantage begins with investments on Human Capital that must transform its competencies in Structural Capital and consequently in Relacional Capital so Competitive Advantage can be reached throughout.
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Oliveira, Jimmy Lima de. "Estimando o impacto do estoque de capital publico sobre o PIB per capita na presenÃa de mudanÃa estrutural." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1347.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoO presente trabalho estima a elasticidade produto-gasto pÃblico para economia brasileira, no perÃodo de 1950 a 2003, utilizando um modelo vetorial de correÃÃo de erro (VECM) para controlar possÃveis mudanÃas estruturais nas sÃries. Quando existem mudanÃas estruturais, os vÃrios testes estatÃsticos de Dickey-Fuller sÃo viesados em direÃÃo da nÃo rejeiÃÃo de uma raiz unitÃria. Este viÃs significa que o teste de Dickey-Fuller à viesado em direÃÃo da hipÃtese nula de uma raiz unitÃria, mesmo se a sÃrie à estacionÃria dentro de cada subperÃodo. Sem controlar para mudanÃas estruturais, os testes de cointegraÃÃo podem apresentar resultados enganosos, e as estimativas obtidas podem ser viesadas.
Aiming to estimate the elasticity product-public expenditure to the Brazilian economy, during the period 1950-2003, it was used a vector error correction model (VECM) to control for possible structural changes in the series. When structural changes were observed, many of the Dickey-Fuller statistic tests are biased towards the non-rejection of the existence of a unit root. This bias means that the Dickey-Fuller test is biased towards the null hypothesis of unit root, even if the series is stationary within each sub period. Without controlling for structural changes, the cointegration tests may present deceiving results and the estimates obtained may be biased.
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Gezinski, Lindsay Blair. "Mediating Impact of Social Capital and Human Capital on Employment Outcome among Single Women Who Use Welfare: A Structural Equation Model." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306905684.
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Zhang, Lei. "Social capital accumulation, business governance, and enterprise performance : a structural-equation-model approach /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202007%20ZHANG.
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Al-Roubaie, Amer S. A. "Oil revenues, capital expenditures and structural change : the case of Iraq, 1950-1980." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73972.
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Sjoberg, Sandra. "A Social Capital Perspective on Projects: Measuring the Unobservable Using Structural Equation Modeling." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2622.
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Project leadership requires a diverse blend of technical and behavioral skills. Researchers have focused on the technical aspects of project management, leaving a void in understanding the behavioral skills of project leadership. The purpose of this correlational study was to gain insights into the behavioral aspects of projects by understanding the social capital and knowledge integration abilities of project leaders. Nahapiet and Ghoshal's social capital definition and its structural, relational, and cognitive attributes form the basis for the social capital theory constructs used in this study. The focus of the research questions was on the relationship of social capital to knowledge integration and project success. A self-designed survey (α = .925) was used to measure the latent variables of a project leader's social capital and knowledge integration abilities on the observed variable of project success. Survey research, conducted using a sample of project management professionals (N = 108), elicited project members' perceptions on the behavioral aspects of project leaders. Structural equation modeling validated that knowledge integration assists in achieving project success and that 2 types of social capital, structural and relational, have a significant influence on knowledge integration. Structural social capital has a positive effect, and relational social capital has a negative effect. The findings indicated that project management professionals need not only technical skills, but also behavioral skills. Having project leaders with the right blend of competencies will improve project success rates, affecting social change by enabling organizations to achieve greater economic benefits from better understanding the behavioral aspects of project teams.
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Mattei, Gina Marie. "Childhood Precursors of Adult Social Capital Indices." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1447087013.
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Wang, Yadan. "The Effects of Cumulative Social Capital on Job Outcomes of College Graduates." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29566.
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The current study drew on a large and diverse body of literature on social capital and aimed to understand its role in the process of transition from college to work. In particular, this research studied the cumulative effects of social capital formed in high school years and college years and examined its relationship with job outcomes. The study used the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS) to examine whether early investment in the social capital of young adolescents produced better job outcomes in their adulthood. Families and schools were two primary sources of social capital considered in the current study. Parental involvement in a young personâ s life, extra-curricular activities and participation in volunteer organizations were some of the forms of social capital hypothesized to influence job outcomes after college. Structural equations modeling was used to trace the effects of the presence of social capital as early as the 8th grade in shaping studentâ s later career status. The longitudinal data measured social capital beginning in the 8th grade and every 2 years thereafter, so that the cumulative effects of the social capital resources were investigated. Overall, the hypothesized model was found to fit the data and the findings have suggested a set of positive and direct effects of social capital on job outcomes.Ph. D.
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Peinado, Elaine Sefrian. "Capital intelectual e desempenho organizacional na indústria farmacêutica." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/850.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-15This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital and its components on business performance in a pharmaceutical manufacturing company. The theoretical framework consists of aspects of the intellectual capital, segregated into human, structural and relational capital, and business performance considered the financial dimensions, internal and process. A single case study was quantitative approach in a pharmaceutical manufacturing company with extensive intellectual capital. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire and the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and application of structural equation modeling (Partial Least Square - PLS). The survey results consisted of a structural model with explanatory power of the dependent variable organizational performance of 72.4%. It found a significant direct association between the human and structural capital and between structural capital and relational, and a significant direct association between relational capital and performance and the increase in the explanatory power of the structural model with the inclusion of interactions between components intellectual capital. It follows from these results, the relevance of the company performing the holistic management of intellectual capital, since it is a key element in managing business performance. However, the survey coverage limitations instigate replication of this model in other companies in the same industry for comparison of results.
Este estudo objetiva verificar o efeito do capital intelectual e seus componentes no desempenho organizacional em uma empresa industrial farmacêutica. O marco teórico compõe dos aspectos inerentes ao capital intelectual, segregado em capital humano, estrutural e relacional, e do desempenho organizacional, sob as dimensões financeira, interna e de processo. Um estudo de caso único foi realizado com enfoque quantitativo em uma empresa industrial farmacêutica com extenso capital intelectual. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário e os dados foram analisados com aplicação de estatísticas descritivas e modelagem de equações estruturais (Partial Least Square - PLS). Os resultados da pesquisa consistiram de um modelo estrutural com poder explanatório da variável dependente desempenho organizacional de 72,4%. Constatou-se uma associação direta significativa entre o capital humano e estrutural e entre o capital estrutural e o relacional, além de uma associação direta significativa entre capital relacional e desempenho e o aumento do poder explanatório do modelo estrutural com inclusão das interações entre os componentes do capital intelectual. Conclui-se, a partir desses resultados, a relevância da empresa realizar a gestão holística do capital intelectual, uma vez que trata-se de um elemento chave no gerenciamento do desempenho organizacional. Todavia, as limitações de abrangência da pesquisa instigam a replicação desse modelo em outras empresas do mesmo setor industrial para fins comparativos dos resultados
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Werneck, Amanda. "Gestão do capital intelectual: uma análise com profissionais de recepção hoteleira." Niterói, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1711.
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O processo de globalização e o maior acesso à informação geraram um ambiente de alta competitividade. Frente a este novo cenário, as organizações foram levadas a buscar novos diferenciais para seus produtos, serviços e modelos de gestão. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar o estado atual da aplicação do conceito de gestão do capital intelectual no setor de recepção de uma unidade de rede hoteleira da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para tal, foram aplicados questionários aos recepcionistas e entrevistas aos gerentes do setor. Inicialmente são apresentadas as inter-relações do capital intelectual, humano, estrutural e do cliente. Através da análise dos dados levantados e apresentados nas tabelas pode-se concluir que na unidade estudada a gestão do capital intelectual ainda não é devidamente explorada. Este fato deve-se ao crescimento deste setor no momento atual da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
The globalization process and the increasing access to information have created a highly competitive environment. Facing this new scenario, organizations were driven to seek new advantages for their products, services and business models. In this context, this paper aims to demonstrate the current status on the implementation of the intellectual capital management concept at the reception of a chain hotel unit in the Rio de Janeiro city. To this task, application forms have been applied to the receptionists and managers interviewed. Initially the interrelationships between intellectual, human, structural and customer capital are presented. By analyzing the collected data presented in tables, one can concluded that the intellectual capital management is not properly explored yet in the studied hotel unit. This fact is due to the growth of this sector at the present time the city.
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Bergensand, Camilla, and Anna Strandh. "Intellektuellt kapital - en trend?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16766.
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Problem: Utvecklingen i världen går mot en allt mer kunskapsinriktad ekonomi där den immateriella tillgången intellektuellt kapital blir viktigare bland företag. De redovisningsprinciper som finns idag baseras på principer från så tidigt som 1400-talet då man ville bokföra transaktioner för in- och utbetalningar av pengar. Principerna modifierades något under den industriella revolutionen för att man skulle kunna sätta upp materiella ting som tillgångar. När man nu går in en ny revolution, den mänskliga, hur är synen på det intellektuella kapitalet och hur redovisas kapitalet som inte får ske i företagens balans- och resultaträkning. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att studera vad som skett med utvecklingen av intellektuellt kapital i kunskapsföretagens årsredovisningar och undersöka vilka faktorer och omständigheter som påverkar utvecklingen. För att se på hur efterfrågan ser ut på information om det intellektuella kapital granskas även dess roll vid förvärv och värdering av företag. Teori: Studiens teoretiska referensram tar först upp centrala begrepp i studien såsom kunskapsföretag samt tar upp ett antal modeller som föreslår olika sätt att visa företagens intellektuella kapital i siffror. Till sist presenteras tidigare forskning inom ämnet som kommer användas i analysen. Metod: Valet av metod för denna studie är kvalitativ och ansatsen är deduktiv. Empirin har tagits fram genom flertalet intervjuer med forskare och revisorer samt genom granskning av fem kunskapsintensiva företags årsredovisningar. Slutsats: Synen på intellektuellt kapital har utvecklats i viss utsträckning då företag är alltmer medvetna om vikten av att behålla och utveckla sitt humankapital. För att det intellektuella kapitalet på ett tydligare sätt ska åskådas i de finansiella rapporterna krävs det i framtiden att högre instanser ger företag rekommendationer för hur de ska gå tillväga.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the intellectual capital in knowledge-based company’s annual reports and explore which factors and circumstances that can affect this development. In order to see how the demand is for information about intellectual capital in annual reports, its role in acquisitions and valuation of companies is examined. Method: This study is based on a qualitative method with a deductive approach. The empirical data has been gathered through interviews with two researchers, one auditor and two managers for valuation and acquisition. There have also been examinations of five knowledge-based company’s annual reports. Conclusions: The view of intellectual capital has developed to some extent since corporations are increasingly recognizing the importance of maintaining and developing its human capital. For the intellectual capital to be viewed in a clearer way in the financial reports it is required that in the future higher instances give companies the adequate advice in how to do so.
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Nückles, Marc [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Anker. "Structural Reforms and Capital Market Interventions during a Financial Crisis / Marc Nückles ; Betreuer: Peter Anker." Duisburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136270272/34.
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Woolley, Nicholas. "Big effects of a little sector : the structural effects of venture capital on the macroeconomy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0c547643-d373-4c5e-9595-ac4e9bbde0d3.
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We explore certain structural elements of venture capital investment, focusing on the role of venture capital as an asset class dedicated to technology investment. The structural role of technology as contributing to the total factor productivity is captured through the use of endogenous growth mechanisms as found in Romer (1990) and Rivera-Batiz and Romer (1991). In the first chapter, we explain certain elements of the two recessions in the first decade of the 21st century by combining these endogenous growth mechanisms with a financial accelerator in the market for production capital to capture the financial elements associated with decreased leverage after a financial crisis. In the second chapter, we assess the impact of policies in the late 1970s which largely created venture capital by encouraging technology investment to occur through debt contracts rather than equity contracts. We explain a set of stylized facts by contrasting a debt mechanism and an equity mechanism for an asset that derives its value from returns to technology goods in a stochastic endogenous growth model. Our final chapter deals with the disposition of venture capitalists towards Knightian uncertainty. We show that an uncertainty-loving behavior of venture capitalists leads to a Pareto improvement in the economy. However, the magnitude of the effect of changes in disposition towards uncertainty is small, implying that bubbles in the venture capital market caused by this type of uncertainty-loving behavior should not be a great concern for investors and policy makers.
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Aleknavičiūtė, Rasa. "Valstybės intelektinio kapitalo vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120124_124620-73358.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota valstybės intelektinio kapitalo teorija ir valstybės intelektinio kapitalo vertės nustatymo modeliai. Remiantis išanalizuotais valstybės intelektinio kapitalo metodais ir intelektinio kapitalo teorinėmis prielaidomis buvo sudarytas valstybės intelektinio kapitalo vertinimo modelis. Naudojantis šiuo modeliu buvo apskaičiuotas 30 Europos valstybių 2006-2009 m. intelektinio kapitalo indeksas. Atlikti skaičiavimai leido nustatyti Europos valstybių intelektinio kapitalo vertę, atlikti šios vertės kitimo laike analizę, įvertinti intelektinio kapitalo ir BVP ryšį bei intelektinio kapitalo indeksą sudarančių kapitalų tarpusavio koreliaciją.Master’s thesis analyses the national intellectual capital theory and national intellectual capital evaluation models. According to analysed intellectual capital evaluation models and theoretical assumptions the national intellectual capital evaluation model was composed. This model was used to identify intellectual capital value of 30 European countries in 2006-2009. The analysis of intellectual capital index tendencies was performed. Strong national intellectual capital correlation with GDP was identified also correlation of structural, human and intellectual capital were identified.
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Fernandes, Sérgio Filipe Santos. "Capital humano, educação e fundos estruturais em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/963.
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Mestrado em Economia e Estudos EuropeusO capital humano é uma das variáveis explicativas mais aplicadas em modelos de crescimento económico. No entanto, a sua natureza abstracta justifica a definição de algumas delimitações no sentido da sua quantificação. Os resultados diferenciados das medições do capital humano têm gerado grande controvérsia entre os autores, mas a proxy mais difundida continua a ser a relativa aos anos médios de escolaridade, relevando desta forma a dimensão educacional do conceito. Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida o reconhecimento da importância da educação e da formação como principais activos da variável capital humano. Caracterizam-se os principais progressos do sistema educativo como meios de desenvolvimento da educação e efectua-se uma análise ao valor da educação em Portugal, numa perspectiva de análise da convergência com os parceiros europeus. Apesar do reconhecido papel da educação no desenvolvimento económico e social, Portugal continua a apresentar um baixo nível educacional e uma fraca convergência com a UE nestas matérias. A procura de hipóteses explicativas para esta situação e a importância dos fundos estruturais da UE para a educação são os outros itens em análise. Finalmente, verifica-se a adequação das medidas dos próximos fundos estruturais a uma estratégia de potencial o incremento da qualificação nacional e de promoção da efectiva convergência educacional.
Human Capital is one of the most adopted variables in the economic growth theory models. Despite this, its abstract nature justifies the different conceptual delimitations in order to allow human capital measurement. In fact, there is a great controversy between the conclusions of the different experiences in this measurement. But, human capital is usually measured through a proxy related to average years of schooling, reflecting the importance of the educational dimension of the human capital concept. The present work is based on the assumption that education and formation are the main components of the human capital. The educational system of Portugal, factor of development of the Portuguese education is characterised. It is also presented a comparative analysis with the other EU member countries on the state of art of education development and of its degree of convergence to the European level. Despite the awareness of the importance that education assumes in the actual socio -economic context, the Portuguese educational level and the convergence towards the European patterns still remain low. Some of the possible reasons of this situation are pointed out and analysed. The importance of the European structural funds in education is also focused. The way that the future programme of the European structural funds on education can contribute to increase the Portuguese human capital is also analysed, taking into consideration its effects on the national level of qualifications and on the promotion of the convergence to the European educational standards.
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Mottley, Eugenia L. "Adolescents' Social Capital Resources, Future Life Expectations, and Subsequent Citizenship Participation as Young Adults." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25976.
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In this study, conceptual models of young adult citizenship participation eight years post high school using Putnamâ s (1993) theory of social capital are tested. This study uses a longitudinal database. Specifically, the models posit that accumulation of more social capital resources during adolescence will be associated with more positive future life expectations related to educational, occupational, and family life outcomes. Subsequently, these more positive future life expectations and social capital resources will be associated with a higher degree of citizenship participation (as measured by voting behavior, community integration and volunteerism) as young adults. Measures from the 1990, 1992 and 2000 waves of the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88) dataset were used. The models were examined using structural equation modeling procedures.
Findings indicate that school and community social capital had mixed results regarding their effects on the final outcome variables. Teacher interactions were not found to have a statistically significant direct effect on any of the three citizenship participation outcome variables. But this result should be viewed with caution due to possible measurement problems with the construct of teacher interactions. Peer interactions did have a statistically significant, direct, effect on community integration and volunteerism, but it did not have a direct effect on voting behavior. Participation in extracurricular school activities did have a small, direct, effect on all three outcome variables. Participation in community sports activities had a positive direct effect on community integration, a small negative effect on voting behavior, and no statistically significant effect on volunteerism. Finally, participation in other types of community activities had the largest direct effects on all three citizenship participation outcome variables.
The adolescent social capital variables of teacher interactions, peer interactions, and participation in other types of community activities for tenth graders did have positive, direct effects on future life expectations for twelfth graders. Extracurricular activities participation and community sports participation were not found to have an effect on future life expectations. Future life expectations were found to have a very small, but statistically significant, positive, direct effect on all three citizenship participation variables.
These findings indicate that some adolescent social capital resources can have positive direct effects on the long term, young adult, educational outcome of citizenship participation. But it varies by type of social capital resource and by the particular aspect of citizenship behavior being measured.Ph. D.
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Sgrò, Francesca. "Intellectual capital in non-profit organizations: an empirical analysis on the role of intellectual capital on the performance of social cooperative enterprises." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2655811.
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Birk, Lara Blakiston. "The Sounds of Silence: A Structural Analysis of Academic "Writer's Block"." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3315.
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Thesis advisor: David A. KarpA qualitative study based on forty four in-depth interviews with undergraduates experiencing severe difficulties with academic writing, this dissertation examines how structural factors--social class and race in particular--contribute to academic "writer's block." Writing block is more than the "personal trouble" it is typically conceived of being, it is also a "public issue" with definitive structural contributors. All of my subjects perceived writing as a high stakes performance, and their writing blocks can be understood as instances of "choking" in the face of these high stakes. For many working class students, writing block is an expression of dominant cultural capital disadvantage; while for many upper middle class students, writing block represents the psychological costs of privilege. For students with unusual class-race identifications, writing block embodies their liminal social status. In the current economic climate of uncertainty, class status for students across the socioeconomic spectrum has become relatively unstable given individuals' increased risk of downward mobility. As such, academic writing blocks may be construed as angst experienced at the intersection of psychology and structure. This study contributes to and extends the literature on social reproduction in higher education as well as the literature on the price of privilege
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Barreneche, Garcia Andrés. "Intellectual Capital as a Driver of Product Innovation : empirical Studies on European Firms." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111001.
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La théorie des ressources affirme que les avantages concurrentiels résident dans la mobilisation des actifs précieux qui sont difficiles à imiter. L'Approche du Capital Immatériel (ACI) prolonge cet argument en étudiant ces ressources; plus particulièrement celles qui sont fondées sur la connaissance et qui peuvent être classifiées dans l'une des catégories suivantes: Capital Humain, Capital Structurel, ou Capital Relationnel.Cette thèse cherche à évaluer l'ACI en tant que cadre pour rechercher les conditions favorables permettant aux entreprises d'innover en créant des nouveaux biens et services (produits). Spécifiquement, ce projet doctoral vise à analyser les rôles de chaque type de capital immatériel dans l'innovation de produits. Fondée sur des données européennes, cette thèse examine différents types d'entreprises (nouvelles, petites et moyennes entreprises, et grandes entreprises) et les secteurs d'activités (y compris l'industrie et les services). Le Chapitre 1 examine le capital humain et d'autres déterminants du taux de création d'entreprises dans les villes européennes. Ensuite, le Chapitre 2 examine l'impact de la diffusion des connaissances sur la façon dont l'investissement en R&D interne apporte à l'innovation de produits. Puis, le Chapitre 3 utilise le concept de capacité d'absorption pour explorer comment les similarités des actifs immatériels entre les entreprises sont associées à la performance de leur capital relationnel.En général, ce projet doctoral souligne que l'ACI fournit un cadre propice pour formuler et vérifier des hypothèses concernant les moteurs de l'innovation de produits. Il permet de mener des études portant sur la façon dont les entreprises mobilisent leurs actifs immatériels afin de développer et commercialiser de nouveaux produits. Par ailleurs, cette approche facilite l'interprétation des résultats afin de recommander des décisions managériales et des politiques publiques visant à articuler davantage les pratiques des entreprisesThe resource-based view of the firm argues that competitive advantages lie in the use of valuable resources that are difficult to emulate. The intellectual capital-based view (ICV) extends this argument by studying such resources; particularly intangible (or knowledge) assets that may be classified in three main components: human, structural, and relational capital.This thesis aims to evaluate the ICV as a framework for understanding the favorable conditions that allow firms to innovate by creating new goods and services (i.e., products). Specifically, this thesis seeks to analyze the specific roles of each capital capital component in product innovation. Using European data, it covers an ample range of firm types (i.e, nascent firms, small and medium-sized enterprises, and large firms) and business sectors (including manufacturing and services). Chapter 1 investigates human capital and other determinants of business creation as a measure of entrepreneurship in European cities. Chapter 2 examines the impact of knowledge spillovers on in-house R&D investment and innovation performance in firms. Chapter 3 leverages the concept of absorptive capacity to explore whether similar configurations of IC are associated with the performance of relational capital in companies.Overall, this dissertation finds that the ICV provides a fertile ground to formulate and test hypotheses concerning the drivers of product innovation. It allows to focus research on how companies mobilize intangible assets in order to develop and commercialize new goods and services. Furthermore, this approach provides several lessons for managers and policy recommendations that may help to articulate corporate practices
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Frumence, Gasto. "The role of social capital in HIV prevention: experiences from the Kagera region of Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49319.
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Background The role of social capital for promoting health has been extensively studied in recent years but there are few attempts to investigate the possible influence of social capital on HIV prevention,particularly in developing countries. The overall aims of this thesis are to investigate the links between social capital and HIV infection and to contribute to the theoretical framework of the role of social capital for HIV prevention. Methods Key informant interviews with leaders of organizations, networks, social groups and communities and focus group discussions with members and non-members of the social groups and networks were conducted to map out and characterize various forms of social capital that may influenceHIV prevention. A quantitative community survey was carried out in three case communities toestimate the influence of social capital on HIV risk behaviors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the HIV prevalence in the urban district representing a high HIV prevalence zone to determine the association between social capital and HIV infection. Main findings In early 1990’s many of the social groups in Kagera region were formed because of poverty and many AIDS related deaths. This formation of groups enhanced people’s social and economic support to group members during bereavement and celebrations as well as provided loans that empowered members economically. The social groups also put in place strict rules of conduct, which helped to create new norms, values and trust, which influenced sexual health andthereby enhanced HIV prevention. Formal organizations worked together with social groups and facilitated networking and provided avenues for exchange of information including healtheducation on HIV/AIDS. Individuals who had access to high levels of structural and cognitive social capital were more likely to use condoms with their casual sex partners compared to individuals with access to low levels. Women with access to high levels of structural social capital were more likely to use condoms with casual sex partners compared to those with low levels. Individuals with access to low levels of structural social capital were less likely to be tested for HIV compared to those with access to high levels. However, there was no association between access to cognitive social capital and being tested for HIV. Individuals who had access to low levels of both structural and cognitive social capital were more likely to be HIV positive compared to individuals who had access to high levels with a similar pattern among men and women. Conclusion This thesis indicates that social capital in its structural and cognitive forms is protective to HIV infection and has played an important role in the observed decline in HIV trends in the Kagera region. Structural and cognitive social capital has enabled community members to decrease number of sexual partners, delay sexual debut for the young generation, reduce opportunities for casual sex and empower community members to demand or use condoms. It is recommended that policy makers and programme managers consider involving grassroots’ social groups and networks in the design and delivery of interventions strategies to reduce HIV transmission.
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Dika, Sandra. "The effects of self-processes and social capital on the educational outcomes of high school students." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27470.
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This study seeks to offer a meaningful statement about the relative importance of self-processes and activated social capital in the process that links high school students and educational outcomes. The conceptual model for the study draws on the large and diverse body of research that aims to understand the process and effects of the interaction of the person and his or her environment. It is hypothesized that adaptive self-processes and social capital are positively related to school engagement, educational aspirations, and actual performance in school; and, that these factors mediate the effects of family background and other potential social capital on educational outcomes. The data for this study were obtained from a sample of N=1,176 in grades 9-12 from three school divisions in Virginia. Students completed the School Relationships and Experiences Survey (SRES), an instrument designed for this study. The study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to model the relationships between the variables of interest.
Data were analyzed using LISREL 8.3 (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1993). The covariance structure models tested include both single-indicator and multiple-indicator constructs. The analysis follows the two-step procedure suggested by Anderson and Gerbing (1988). First, a measurement model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis to develop a model with acceptable fit to the data. In step two, the theoretical model of interest was specified as an a priori model. This theoretical model was then tested and revised until a theoretically meaningful and statistically acceptable model was found.
In conclusion, the results of the analyses are discussed, and possible explanations for the results are proposed. Directions for future research are outlined, including the need for cross-validation of this model on additional samples of high school students. Social capital has previously been conceptualized primarily as family resources and parent-child relationships. This study provides promising initial evidence that activated social capital (education-related support received by adolescents from the broader social network) has stronger and more meaningful effects on academic engagement and other educational outcomes than the more passive indicators of social capital used in previous research.
This work was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and a grant from the ASPIRES program at Virginia Tech.Ph. D.
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Barnhart, Sheila. "Social Capital and Child Health: Does Maternal Social Capital Moderate the Relationship between Poverty and Early Child Health Outcomes among Single Mothers?" The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491846638380667.
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Menezes, Sócrates Oliveira. "De supérfluos a sujeitos históricos na contramão do capital : a geografia do (des)trabalho." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2007. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5615.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado da BahiaWhen working becomes mainly superfluous merchandise to reach profit, that s when the workforce s owner, the worker, is already sentenced to be superfluous, because the cheaper, miserable and abundant the manufacturing is, the more profitable the production is. This is the structural condition of the capital s accumulating system: turning historical individuals into cheap market things . In this direction, the present paper aims to analyze the capital s success through the workers depreciation in the structural crisis of the accumulating system nowadays. The unemployed workers reality in Vitória da Conquista/BA and the Unemployed Workers Movement s experience, in the same town, were studied. The current capitalism crisis, started in the 1970 s, has shown that the system producer of merchandise has reached structural and historical limits. That s the moment when the wealth production is turned into destructive production. In this context, the maintenance of profit extration and capital valuation have aggravated the workers condition that, without salary or land, face deprivation in country side or urban outskirt areas, as observed in Vitória da Conquista. These are produced territories whose main feature in its landscape is poverty. The capital s territorialization process, widely effectived for the cheap workforce search, becomes a real spatial misery distribution process around the world, actually a Geography of (un)employment. However, territory is produced by its contradictions and along them it s possible to observe the world s social dynamic. The work s social movement itself reproduces the structural classes conflict and the combat against capital. This conflict tends to get radical due to the increasing of global monopoly and workers misery. That s a contradictory process because while more workers become superfluous in order to reproduce accumulation, more workers get together for the urgent need of inverting their condition of superfluous to historical individuals.
Quando o trabalho vira a mercadoria fundamental para o lucro, é porque o trabalhador, seu dono, já está condenado a ser supérfluo, pois quanto mais barata, miserável e abundante for ela, mais lucrativa é a produção. Essa é a condição estrutural do sistema acumulativo do capital: transformar sujeitos históricos em coisas baratas e vendáveis no mercado. Neste sentido, esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar como se tem dado o movimento da realização do capital a partir da desrealização dos trabalhadores na atualidade da crise estrutural do sistema acumulativo. Foi estudada a realidade dos trabalhadores desempregados em Vitória da Conquista/BA e a experiência do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Desempregados (MTD) no referido município. A atual crise do capitalismo, iniciada na década de 1970, tem revelado que o sistema produtor de mercadorias atingiu limites estruturais e históricos. É o momento em que a produção de riqueza é radicalmente transformada em produção destrutiva. Neste contexto, a manutenção dos processos de extração dos lucros e da valorização do capital tem como corolário imediato o agravamento das condições materiais dos trabalhadores que, sem salário e sem terra, sucumbem no campo e na periferia urbana, como observado em Vitória da Conquista. São territórios produzidos segundo a lógica do sistema acumulativo onde a principal característica estampada na paisagem é a pobreza. O processo de territorialização do capital, que se efetiva em escala mundial na busca desenfreada por trabalho barato, torna-se um verdadeiro processo de distribuição espacial da miséria pelo globo, uma verdadeira Geografia do (des)trabalho. Contudo, o território produzido tem como substância contradições estruturais e é neste movimento que se observa o mundo do trabalho em sua dinâmica social. É o próprio movimento social do trabalho reproduzindo o estrutural conflito de classes e a luta anti-capital. Um conflito que tende a se radicalizar com o aumento dos monopólios globais e aumento da miséria do mundo do trabalho; um processo contraditório em que, por um lado, mais sujeitos tornam-se supérfluos para a reprodução da acumulação e, por outro, mais trabalhadores se unem pela necessidade urgente de inverter a fatalidade histórica do capital. É a luta que caminha no sentido de: supérfluos a sujeitos históricos .
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Butko, Sami. "Crises, Profit, and Exploitation: A Structural-Marxist Interpretation of the 2007-08 Global Financial Crisis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38014.
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This thesis explores the relationship between capitalism and exploitation in wake of the 2007-08 global financial crisis and subsequent economic recessions among the world’s most advanced capitalist nations. Starting from the position that not enough theoretical work has been done, particularly within criminology, to analyze the harms caused by crises in capitalism, I argue that a structural-Marxist framework can help fill this gap in the literature. By building a theoretical model based on Karl Marx’s original work on crises in capitalism, the structuralism of Louis Althusser, and as the philosophical materialism of David Harvey, I examine the ways in which the global financial crisis is not the unexpected event mainstream narratives maintain, but rather one that has been over a century in the making. On an empirical level, drawing insight from the Greek financial crisis, the model proposed is deployed to analyze the role that international financial institutions have had in the recent crisis and draw a link between these patterns and the status of modern capitalism, suggesting that the economic trauma we face now is intimately linked to the predisposition of capital (re)production and accumulation. This thesis ultimately underlines the fact that while we are governed by this ‘new’, more aggressive capitalism, it is also ‘the same’ in that Marx’s insights regarding the contradictions of capital accumulation are equally applicable today as they were in his time.
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Alhalak, Ahmad. "Investigating the relationship between human capital and organisational structural capital from a knowledge management perspective : a study of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Southern California, USA." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14667.
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Southern California has great economic importance to the USA, with major revenue generation counties like Los Angeles, San Diego and Santa Barbara. Downtown Los Angeles is a major business hub for many industries, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with densely populated metropolitan areas in urban settings. From technology to media, a wide range of diversified SMEs operate within the Southern California region. Little evidence is provided in the academic literature on Southern California’s SMEs and their relation to Knowledge Management (KM) and KM strategies. This research aims to explore and examine, in depth, Southern California’s SMEs and to provide the SMEs’ decision makers with an effective strategy to implement Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) into their organisations. The overall aim of this thesis is to complement and enhance the existing KM literature by examining the relationship between Human Capital (HC) and Organisational Structural Capital (OSC) from a Knowledge Management perspective. The conceptual framework developed in this thesis draws on the strategic management perspective of KM and KMS from the existing literatures. Focusing on and analysing the two main elements, i.e. HC and OSC, to critically examine how the relationship between both elements could affect SME performance. In addition, by drawing on the resource-based view of the SME and the KMS perspective, the thesis explores the influence of KMS on both the HC and OSC elements in the SMEs of Southern California. To validate the framework, empirical research was performed, followed by the distribution of a questionnaire to 1,000 respondents within the SME sector in Southern California, and particularly to areas with high business revenue, such as Los Angeles, San Diego and Santa Barbara, of which 367 completed responses were considered valid to use in this research. This study has applied structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the proposed research framework using IBM SPSS V.22 and AMOS V21. The findings reveal that the majority of the SMEs are aware of their knowledge usage as the main competitive advantage. However, SMEs are not always aware of the best methods to capitalise their existing KMS and how to utilise it to the optimal level, especially with regard to business objectives and obligatory requirements repeatedly taking precedence. These results indicate that the implementation of an enhanced KMS strategy, i.e. the developed framework, will enhance SME performance by aiding the decision makers further in the exploration of employee awareness (HC), company goals, and being competitive through making the relevant decisions, which is a contribution of this study. The originality of this study is that it endeavours to obtain new insights on the subjects of KMS, HC, OSC and SME performance, using tactical suggestions for Southern California’s SMEs in managing knowledge, controlling knowledge gaps, and reflecting among these factors. This thesis makes a step forward and contributes to the body of knowledge, e.g. it explores and examines relevant elements and factors of both HC and OSC that enhance the decision-making process in SMEs through the conceptual and the developed frameworks (see Figures 3.6 and 4.21). In addition, this thesis makes a further contribution to the application of current theories (e.g. the Knowledge-Based theory of the Firm and Organisational Learning theory) by providing a framework to address the relationship between Human Capital (HC) and Organisational Structural Capital (OSC) from a Knowledge Management perspective, in the context of Southern California’s SMEs with a focus on service based firms. While the results cannot be generalised, they can aid others to relate their views to those reported in this thesis.
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Lee, Robert. "Structural, relational and cognitive social capital : a comparative analysis of technology entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs from deprived areas." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495833.
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In light of the beneficial nature of entrepreneurship and economic development, this research explores the social capital gestation of comparative technology entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs from deprived areas in the UK. Within the field of entrepreneurship, most contributions examine structural social capital in isolation while cognitive (language, codes md narrative) and relational (expectation and obligation) are neglected'Therefore, the research develops a framework for social capital gestation that explains bonding and bridging structural embeddedness and links to differentiated cognition and relational norms.
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Fogaça, Pablo. "Criação de valor em pequenas empresas de automação industrial do Vale do Sinos pela interação entre capitais humano, relacional e estrutural." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6098.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Empresas utilizam-se da automação para aumentar sua competitividade, o que se traduz em ganhos de confiabilidade, eficiência, redução de custos com aspectos legais associados a segurança, saúde e meio ambiente, e ainda para obter ganhos de inovação. Em muitos processos, as máquinas substituem pessoas, no entanto, os sistemas automatizados dependem dos seres humanos para serem criados e aperfeiçoados. A criação de valor está essencialmente ligada ao conhecimento e seu uso. A presente pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, trata de um estudo de casos múltiplos no qual se buscou compreender e explicar como Pequenas Empresas de Automação (PEAs) do Vale do Sinos articulam seu Capital Intelectual (CI) para criar valor internamente e junto a suas Grandes Empresas Clientes (GECs). Para isto, foram revisados os conceitos de CI e sua classificação – Capitais Humano (CH), Relacional (CR) e Estrutural (CE). A partir da revisão teórica, foram criadas categorias de análise para cada um desses capitais e aplicados questionários semiestruturados a gestores de quatro PEAs e seis GECs que mantêm negócios entre si. Foi também utilizado o software NVivo para a análise de conteúdo. Podem-se destacar como principais resultados: (i) as PEAs não se preocupam com a gestão de seus conhecimentos, pois a retenção do conhecimento está nos seus gestores; (ii) essas empresas têm pouco ou quase nenhum conhecimento sobre CI, o que é corroborado pela literatura acadêmica; (iii) essas empresas atribuem grande peso aos valores familiares de seus colaboradores e aos relacionamentos como atributo de CH, o que evidencia que entendem CH como sendo CR e confirma que existe sobreposição de entendimento entre diferentes capitais, conforme atestam autores como Dumay (2009; 2013); (iv) o CR identificado na cadeia das PEAs consiste nas suas relações internas, bem como nas relações entre essas empresas e seus fornecedores e clientes; (v) as PEAs consideram que seus fornecedores agregam valor por meio de três fatores chaves: qualidade, preço justo e atendimento de prazos, o que também é corroborado pela literatura acadêmica. Esta pesquisa identificou o problema de cumprimento dos prazos de entregas como sendo a principal fonte de conflito na relação entre PEAs e GECs.
Small enterprises employ automation in order to improve their competitiveness, which is traduced in increasing reliability, efficiency, and costs reduction. They also reduce costs related to legal aspects associated with safety, health, environment, and innovation, as well. In several processes, machines relplace persons; nevertheless, automated systems depend on human beings to be created and improved. Value creation is intrinsically linked to knowledge and its use. This qualitative and exploratory research relates to a multiple case studies in which we intended to understand and explain how Small Automation Enterprises (SAE) placed at Vale do Sinos, articulate their Intellectual Capital (IC) to value creation both internally and jointly with their Big Customers Enterprises (BCE). To achieve such goal, there were reviewed the concepts of IC and its classification – Human, Relational, and Structural Capitals (HC, RC, SC). From the theoretical review, there were created categories for analysis for each type of capital, and applied semistructured questionnaries to managers of four SAEs and of six BCEs that keep business each other. Also, N-Vivo software was employed to perform analysis content of the interviews. As results, there can be highlighted: (i) SAEs do not have concern related to their knowledge management, because their knowledge retention is within their managers; (ii) such firms has few or almost none knowledge about IC, which is corroborated by academic studies; (iii) such firms give high weigth to familiar values of their collaborators and their relationships as a HC attribute, what brings evidences that they understand HC as RC, and it confirms that there is overlapping of understanding between different intellectual capital categories, as regarded by authors as Dumay (2009; 2013); (iv) RC identified in the SAEs chain consists in their internal relations, as well as in the relationships between such firms and their suppliers and customers; (v) SAEs consider that their suppliers add value through three key factors: quality, fair price, and terms attainment. It is corroborated by academic literature, as well. This research identified, as unanimity, the problem of term accomplishment as the main source of conflict in the relationship between SAEs and BCEs.
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Schiff, Jeannie. "THE CONTEXTUAL IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY ON SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ADVERSE SOCIAL OUTCOMES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3659.
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An interdisciplinary approach to policy and governance recognizes that many social welfare problems are interrelated, and policy-makers have long recognized a need to address the root causes of these problems. There is much evidence that income inequality is one of these root causes but research suggesting the effect of income inequality is mediated by social capital has complicated the relationship, as have theories of causality that take different approaches. This study takes an ecological approach to these issues to test the relationship between income inequality, social capital and selected adverse outcomes proposed by the relative income hypothesis. The relative income hypothesis posits that the impact of income inequality on adverse outcomes is mediated by social capital. The study used a retrospective cross-sectional design to analyze county-level data for the year 2000 with a structural equation model composed of three constructs: income inequality, modeled by four common measures; a social capital construct based on a model developed by Rupasingha, Goetz and Freshwater (2006); and an adverse outcomes construct designed as a parsimonious measure of social outcomes in four public affairs disciplinary areas. The test of the path presumed by the relative income hypothesis revealed both a direct effect of income inequality and indirect effect of inequality through social capital. However, the direct effect of income inequality on outcomes was significantly larger than the indirect effect, indicating the relationship is moderated, rather than mediated, by social capital. Since the impact of social capital on the selected adverse outcomes was relatively small, and the final model failed to achieve statistical significance, the relative income hypothesis that income inequality exerts its primary effect on outcomes through social capital was rejected.Ph.D.
Other
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs PhD
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Johansson, Annika, and Hanna Jonsson. "Intellektuellt kapital : En fallstudie om problematiken i kreditbedömningsprocessen." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72864.
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Bakgrund och problem: Det föreligger en problematik i kreditbedömningsprocessen som berör svårigheten att bedöma ett bolags värde samt dess återbetalningsförmåga. Vanligtvis värderas organisationer utefter sina finansiella rapporter men eftersom de inte alltid inkluderar immateriella tillgångar i form av intellektuellt kapital skapas en informationsasymmetri. Informationsasymmetrin kan vara en orsak till eventuella felbedömningar av ett företags riskutsatthet och framtida utveckling och således till ett nekande av sökt kredit. Forskare lägger skulden på redovisningssystemet men vi vill lyfta frågan om problemet även kan ligga i kreditbedömningsprocessen. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur banker, i rollen som finansiärer, behandlar intellektuellt kapital hos kunskapsintensiva företag vid en kreditbedömning. Avsikten är att beskriva, tolka samt reflektera kring kreditprocessen för att påvisa vilken betydelse det intellektuella kapitalet har för kreditbeslutet. Metod/Empiri: Studien har utförts som en kvalitativ undersökning baserad på intervjuer och praktikfall. De fem storbankerna Danske Bank, Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB och Swedbank har agerat respondenter. Efter sammanställningen av empiriunderlaget jämfördes svaren mot den teoretiska referensramen. Påträffade samband och avvikelser mellan empiri och teori har i ett logiskt resonemang fått utgöra studiens analys. Slutsatser: Resultatet av studien visar att studiens respondenter i kreditbedömningsprocessen beaktar avsevärt fler faktorer, som teoretiskt benämns intellektuellt kapital, än vad de är medvetna om. Intellektuellt kapital har därmed en anmärkningsvärd inverkan på kreditbeslutet, även om det inte enskilt är avgörande för beslutet. Vidare visar studien att den främsta problematiken med intellektuellt kapital i kreditbedömningsprocessen rör värderingssvårigheten.Background and problem: There is a problem in the credit valuation process relating to the difficulty of estimating the value of a company and its repayment ability. Generally organizations are valued by their financial statements but since financial statements not always include intangible assets in forms of intellectual capital an information asymmetry is created. The information asymmetry may be a reason for an incorrect assessment of a company’s risk exposure and future development and thus to a refusal of sought credit. Researchers blame the accounting system but we wish to raise the question whether the problem also may lie in the credit valuation process. Aim: The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate how banks treat intellectual capital in knowledge-intensive firms in a credit valuation process. The aim is to describe, interpret and reflect around the credit valuation process in order to demonstrate the importance of intellectual capital for the credit decision. Method/Empirical data: The study was conducted as a qualitative study based on interviews and case studies. Five of the largest banks in Sweden - Danske Bank, Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB and Swedbank - have acted as respondents. After compiling the empirical material the responses were compared with the theoretical framework. Located relations and differences between empiricism and theory constitute the analysis of the study. Conclusions: The results of this study show that the respondents in the credit valuation process examines significantly more factors, which in theory is defined intellectual capital, than they are aware of. Intellectual capital has thus a remarkable impact on the credit decision, although it does not individually determine the decision. The study also shows that the main problem with intellectual capital in the credit valuation process is the difficulty of valuation.
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Ballinger, Christine Beth. "Creative Industries and the Paper Industry A Creative Industries approach to linking visual artists and the paper industry: A Case Study of New Possibilities for Paper." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16083/1/Christine_Ballinger_Thesis.pdf.
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In the knowledge economy, the 'creative industries' are recognised as a new paradigm. They are industries which use creativity as an intangible asset to generate wealth. The creative industries are described as 'evolving' and their outcomes frequently categorised as 'intangibles'. The thesis outlines what I term a creative industries approach to the engagement of visual artists with industry.
The artist-in-industry program, a component of New Possibilities for Paper, was established with an explicit brief to generate creative products and contained an implicit agenda to breed intellectual capital. It was conceived as a means of crossfertilising hitherto siloed sectors -- an arts environment with entrenched attitudes towards the subsidy, proprietorship and authority of creativity and the traditionally conservative paper industry.
Establishing creative industries characteristics and indicators to describe and measure creative industries operation in this program required careful consideration, with the characteristics and indicators selected able to recognise trends or changes. The analysis of the seven partnerships confirmed that the artistin-industry program is a creative industries approach upon which future programs between visual artists and the paper industry could be constructed.
The research found that the creative industries processes in most need of being addressed, if visual artists are to maximise their benefits, included an understanding and utilisation of intellectual property, knowledge of commercialisation processes and a positive attitude towards commercialisation. For paper companies that invest in R&D, there is recognition that potential tangible and intangible benefits can result from engaging in such partnerships. Additionally, a partnership in which the artist's role (or service) is focused on the industry's customers and contributes to employee knowledge was seen as being of greatest value to the paper industry.
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Ballinger, Christine Beth. "Creative Industries and the Paper Industry A Creative Industries approach to linking visual artists and the paper industry: A Case Study of New Possibilities for Paper." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16083/.
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In the knowledge economy, the 'creative industries' are recognised as a new paradigm. They are industries which use creativity as an intangible asset to generate wealth. The creative industries are described as 'evolving' and their outcomes frequently categorised as 'intangibles'. The thesis outlines what I term a creative industries approach to the engagement of visual artists with industry. The artist-in-industry program, a component of New Possibilities for Paper, was established with an explicit brief to generate creative products and contained an implicit agenda to breed intellectual capital. It was conceived as a means of crossfertilising hitherto siloed sectors -- an arts environment with entrenched attitudes towards the subsidy, proprietorship and authority of creativity and the traditionally conservative paper industry. Establishing creative industries characteristics and indicators to describe and measure creative industries operation in this program required careful consideration, with the characteristics and indicators selected able to recognise trends or changes. The analysis of the seven partnerships confirmed that the artistin-industry program is a creative industries approach upon which future programs between visual artists and the paper industry could be constructed. The research found that the creative industries processes in most need of being addressed, if visual artists are to maximise their benefits, included an understanding and utilisation of intellectual property, knowledge of commercialisation processes and a positive attitude towards commercialisation. For paper companies that invest in R&D, there is recognition that potential tangible and intangible benefits can result from engaging in such partnerships. Additionally, a partnership in which the artist's role (or service) is focused on the industry's customers and contributes to employee knowledge was seen as being of greatest value to the paper industry.
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Viarengo, Martina Giorgia. "Technological gaps and structural adjustments : the case of the European human capital policy after the Second World War." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2930/.
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Two events greatly increased the technological gap between Western Europe and the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. First, the Second World War greatly enhanced the "Atlantic Divide". Later, the introduction of a new general purpose technology, the information and communication technologies (ICT), fostered the European technological lag. The aim of the dissertation is to study the impact of technological gaps on growth by looking at the role of human capital. This is because the gaps generated a great need for adjusting the existing educational, training and research settings. The research question addressed in the thesis is: what have been the structural adjustments undertaken by European countries in the human capital policy since the end of the Second World War. Have these changes been sustained by the technological development. To address the research question, three aspects of the human capital policy that have received little attention in the existing literature but that appear to be fundamental in order to fully understand the European response are identified. The first chapter provides the theoretical and conceptual framework for the analysis whereas chapter two gives an overview of the historical background of postwar Europe. In chapter three, the first human capital policy change is examined by analysing the expansion of compulsory schooling and trying to understand what have been its determinants. Chapter four studies the policies undertaken with respect to the curricula of education by looking at the evolution of vocational education and training with respect to general education. The introduction of the ICT programmes in vocational education is examined for three European countries. Chapter five is devoted to the estimation of the returns to education across European countries by carrying out a cohort analysis over 1985-2000. The last section provides a discussion and concluding comments on the findings of the research.
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Bliska, Anita Vera. "Capital social em comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-21072009-201637/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um instrumento de medição de desempenho em Comunidades Virtuais de Aprendizagem (CVA). Para isso foram utilizadas as variáveis da teoria do capital social. Todo o trabalho está direcionado à construção de uma matriz composta pelas variáveis: (a) capital social estrutural, sob o enfoque econômico, aqui relacionado aos fatores de infra-estrutura tecnológica e utilização de ambientes virtuais, bem como às políticas de incentivo ao uso de recursos de Tecnologia da Informação; (b) capital social cognitivo, gerado por meio da criação da cultura virtual e (c) coesão social sob o enfoque ações coletivas, analisadas a partir da interação e colaboração entre seus participantes no tocante à promoção de tais ações. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que a geração de conhecimento em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem está relacionada à alfabetização digital e à conseqüente utilização dos ambientes virtuais pelos participantes da comunidade em estudo. A metodologia está fundamentada na análise etnográfica do ambiente estudado, nas técnicas de coleta por meio de questionário, bem como na análise da construção de um discurso do sujeito coletivo. Uma visão estruturada dessas questões relativas ao desempenho de uma CVA está representada na Matriz do Capital Social resultante. Esta visão converge para os requisitos almejados nas análises de desempenho, ou seja para o estabelecimento de metas de gestão e a avaliação de seus resultados.This paper has the objective of proposing a measuring tool for performances in Virtual Learning Communities (VLC). For this purpose, variables of the theory of social capital have been used. The whole work heads for the building of a matrix with the following variables: a) structural social capital under economic focus, here related to factors such as technological infra-structure and the use of virtual environments, as well as policies to encourage the use of resources of Information Technology (IT); b) cognitive social capital, generated through the creation of virtual culture, and c) social cohesion under the focus of social actions, analyzed from the point of view of the interaction and cooperation of their participants in respect to the promotion of such actions. The research starts from the presupposition that knowledge generation in virtual learning environments is related to digital literacy, and the use of virtual environments by the participants of the studied community is a consequence. The methodology is based on the ethnographic analysis of the environment under study, on the techniques of collecting data through questionnaires, as well as on the analysis of the construction of a discourse of a collective subject. A structured view of these questions related to the performance of a VLC is represented in the resulting Social Capital Matrix. This view converges to the requisites desired in the different performance analyses or, in other words, to the establishment of management goals and the assessment of their results.
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Sadeq, Marlin, and El Alamien Sara Abou. "Intellektuellt kapital : En studie om redovisning av intellektuellt kapital." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28911.
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Bakgrund: Intellektuellt kapital var ett väl diskuterat område för två decennier sedan, vilket blir påtagligt då de flesta studier som undersöker området är från 1990-talet och tidiga 2000-talet. I denna uppsats har vi valt att återigen framföra begreppet intellektuellt kapital för att upplysa om förekomsten av det i svenska företags årsredovisningar. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med en ökad kunskap för hur det skiljer sig mellan olika branscher gällande redovisning av intellektuellt kapital och även i vilken omfattning intellektuellt kapital redovisas. Metod: Vår studie genomfördes med hjälp av en innehållsanalys av nio årsredovisningar. Innehållsanalys är den vanligaste metoden att använda bland forskare som avser att förstå redovisningen av intellektuellt kapital Resultat & slutsatser: Studiens empiriska resultat visade att företagen inom Bank och finansbranschen redovisade mest intellektuellt kapital, därefter data, it och telekommunikationsbranschen och till sist tillverkning och industribranschen. Resultatet visade även att samtliga företag inom de tre branscherna redovisade mest kundkapital i relation till human- och strukturkapital. Gemensamt för de tre branscherna var även att humankapital redovisades minst. Studien kom även fram till att tillverkning och industribranschen redovisat mest human- och kundkapital i relation till de resterande branscherna. Bank och finansbranschen redovisade dock relativt mest strukturkapital.Background & problem: Intellectual capital was a well discussed subject two decades ago, which becomes apparent since most studies investigating the subject are from the 1990s and the early 2000s. In this paper we chose to resubmit the concept of intellectual capital to inform the existence of it in the annual reports of Swedish companies. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased knowledge of how it differs between different industries when it comes to the disclosure of intellectual capital and also to what extent intellectual capital is reported. Method: Our study was conducted by using content analysis for nine annual reports. Content analysis is the most common method of use among researchers who intend to understand the disclosure of intellectual capital. Results & conclusions: The study's empirical results showed that the banking and finance industry disclosed the highest amount of intellectual capital, the data, IT and telecommunications industry disclosed the second highest amount, and finally the least amount was disclosed by the manufacturing and industrial industry. The result also showed that all companies in the three industries reported the highest amount of customer capital in relation to human and structural capital. Common to the three industries was that human capital was the least disclosed capital. The study also concluded that the manufacturing and industrial industry disclosed the highest amount of human and customer capital in relation to the remaining industries. However, the banking and finance industry disclosed relatively the highest amount of structural capital.
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Bhandari, Roshan Bhakta. "Analysis of Social Roles and Impacts of Urban Ritual Events with Reference to Building Capacity to Cope with Disasters: Case Studies of Nepal and Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126795.
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Holm, Christoffer, and Mattias Lönn. "Kunskapsdelning i byggbranschen : Delningsprocessen i Skanskas projektorganisation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36200.
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Introduction Knowledge has come to be an increasingly important factor for both individuals in the labor market and companies in competition. When a person leaves an organization the knowledge often follows, and a knowledge gap is created. When knowledge is shared within an organization, the individual’s knowledge is available for all members of the organization. Knowledge can thus be converted from human capital to structural capital. Increased demand in the construction industry has enlarged the need for broader and deeper knowledge of the individuals. Thus the question of knowledge sharing is raised. Purpose The overall purpose of this report is to provide a systematic and documented image of the knowledge sharing process within the project organization of Skanska by investigating how the company uses strategies, procedures, and systems to manage knowledge from projects to minimize the risk that employees' skills will be lost to the organization. Method The study is a qualitative research where the empirical material has been collected through a case study. The execution was based on a total of five interviews with respondents within different positions. Conclusion Although Skanska partially converts human capital into structural capital, the study indicates that the company’s documented explicit knowledge is rather available as support and guidance to the daily work. Instead, the company builds their competitive advantage in several cases by human capital that is created and spread through socialization.Inledning Kunskap har kommit till att bli en allt viktigare faktor för såväl individers ställning på arbetsmarknaden som företags konkurrenskraft. När en personer lämnar en organisation följer kunskapen ofta med individen, detta medför att ett kunskapsgap skapas. När kunskap delas blir individens kunskap tillgänglig för organisationens medlemmar. Kunskapen kan således omvandlas från humankapital till strukturkapital. En ökad efterfråga inom byggbranschen ökar behovet av bredare- och djupare kunskap hos individerna och således aktualiseras frågan om kunskapsdelning. Syfte Det övergripande syftet med denna rapport är att ge en systematiserad och dokumenterad bild av Skanskas arbete med kunskapsdelning i sin projektorganisation. Detta skall göras genom att kartlägga hur Skanska med strategier, rutiner och system hanterar kunskap från projekt för att minimera risken att kunskapen hos medarbetarna ska gå förlorad för organisationen. Metod Studien är en kvalitativ forskning där det empiriska materialet har samlats genom en fallstudie. Genomförandet byggde på intervjuer med totalt fem respondenter med olika organisatoriska roller inom Skanska. Slutsats Även om Skanska till viss del omvandlar humankapital till strukturkapital indikerar studiens resultat på att företagets dokumenterade uttalade kunskap mer finns som stöd och riktlinjer för det dagliga arbetet. Istället bygger företaget i flera fall sina konkurrensfördelar på humankapital som skapas och sprids genom socialisering.
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Yun, Jinhee. "NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS OF SOCIAL CAPTIAL ON CHILDREN AND ITS MEANING FOR ADULTHOOD OUTCOMES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624538609014818.
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BASTOS, Remo Moreira Brito. "Capitalismo e crise: o banco mundial e a educação como aparelho ideológico na periferia capitalista." www.teses.ufc.br, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/10682.
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BASTOS, Remo Moreira Brito. Capitalismo e crise: o banco mundial e a educação como aparelho ideológico na periferia capitalista. 2014. 151f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2014.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-20T11:13:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_rmbbastos.pdf: 689132 bytes, checksum: 7c7b5dd63884c6ff6405d307e37f5d63 (MD5)
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O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste na elucidação da configuração de poder político e econômico mundial, corporificada institucionalmente nos organismos interestatais, dos quais a presente pesquisa privilegia como foco o Banco Mundial, instituição financeira multilateral que vem impondo aos países periféricos reformas em seus sistemas educacionais, no sentido de dotar o capital de mais uma imensa área de reprodução e de acumulação, em que pese as funestas consequências sociais dessa apropriação de uma esfera de fundamental importância para o funcionamento das sociedades contemporâneas. No que respeita aos procedimentos metodológicos, a presente pesquisa constitui um estudo bibliográfico e documental, estruturado sob o referencial teórico-metodológico marxiano, iniciando, no primeiro capítulo, com uma revisão bibliográfica da categoria crise no modo de produção capitalista à luz de Marx e seus seguidores, com vistas à apreensão dos fundamentos teóricos da dinâmica da crise estrutural do capital. No segundo capítulo é feito o exame do neoliberalismo e da reestruturação produtiva como saída estratégica da crise estrutural do capital e no terceiro é analisada a atuação do Banco Mundial, como instituição multilateral à qual foi concedido o mandato de administrar a crise estrutural do capital, nos marcos do modo de produção vigente, no sentido de instrumentalizar o sistema educacional dos países da periferia capitalista com vistas à atenuação e/ou ao deslocamento das contradições intrínsecas àquele modo de produção, até onde for possível. A conclusão da investigação aponta na direção do imperativo da substituição do Banco Mundial, como instituição responsável pela formulação de políticas educacionais aplicáveis aos países periféricos, por organizações ou instâncias deliberativas e decisórias alternativas, que reflitam a diversidade política, ética e cultural daqueles países e pugnem por seus soberanos interesses, subordinando as injunções mercantis em uma área vital para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico dessas formações sociais.
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Silva, Pollyana Venancio da. "O mundo em que vivemos: uma aproximação ao problema da crise estrutural do capital." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1474.
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the present text achieves a reflection on the problem of the structural crisis of capital, from the perspective of the thought of Istávn Mészáros. The research aims to elucidate the social and historical determinations of the structural crisis in the capital. The goal is to contribute to the debate currently on the structural crisis and its implications. Through bibliographical research detected the main points concerning our study. We seek to seize the main aspects regarding the history of consolidation of capital as a social control system from there look for understanding the effectiveness of the structural crisis in the capital.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente texto realiza uma reflexão acerca do problema da crise estrutural do capital, sob a ótica do pensamento de Istávn Mészáros. A pesquisa realizada pretende elucidar as determinações históricas e sociais da crise estrutural do capital. Objetiva-se contribuir com o debate realizado atualmente sobre a crise estrutural e suas implicações. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica detectamos os principais pontos concernentes ao nosso estudo. Buscamos apreender os principais aspectos referentes ao percurso histórico de consolidação do capital como sistema de controle social para a partir daí procurar entender a efetividade da crise estrutural do capital.
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Stockhammer, Engelbert, and Özlem Onaran. "Accumulation, distribution and employment. A structural VAR approach to a Post-Keynesian Macro Model." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1220/1/document.pdf.
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The paper investigates the relation between effective demand, income distribution and unemployment empirically. Its aim is to evaluate Keynesian, Kaldorian and neoclassical hypotheses about the determination of labor market variables. To do so, a vector autoregression model consisting of capital accumulation, capacity utilization, the profit share, unemployment and the growth of labor productivity is estimated. A general post-Keynesian model following the lines of Kalecki and Kaldor is presented and provides the specification for a structural VAR. The model is estimated for the USA, UK and France. (authors' abstract)Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"
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Braga, Samara Almeida Chaves. "A problemÃtica da alienaÃÃo e seus rebatimentos no complexo da educaÃÃo no contexto da crise estrutural do capital." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14499.
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nÃo hÃO objetivo do trabalho à explorar a problemÃtica da alienaÃÃo a partir dos pressupostos de Marx e LukÃcs, elucidando, ademais, as expressÃes fundamentais da alienaÃÃo no quadro da crise estrutural do capital, conforme MÃszÃros, com destaque para o lugar do complexo educacional no referido contexto. Assumindo o marxismo como uma ontologia, recuperamos os elementos essenciais de compreensÃo do trabalho, como complexo fundante do ser social e, por esse prisma, alcanÃamos a forma histÃrica assumida pelo trabalho na sociedade do capital, assumindo o trabalho abstrato como base para o entendimento do trabalho alienado, fundamento das mÃltiplas e complexas formas de manifestaÃÃo da alienaÃÃo na prÃxis social. Passamos, entÃo, a examinar a problemÃtica da alienaÃÃo no contexto da sobredita crise contemporÃnea do capital, ressaltando com MÃszÃros, os fatores que demarcam a agudizaÃÃo da barbÃrie contemporÃnea, regida pela produÃÃo do desperdÃcio como modus operandi do sociometabolismo do capital. Nesse sentido, nosso estudo pretende contribuir para a desmistificaÃÃo das personificaÃÃes alienantes do sociometabolismo do capital em crise estrutural, incluindo o tipo formaÃÃo humana - fragmentada, mercantilizada, esvaziada do conhecimento socialmente relevante - ofertada aos trabalhadores no mundo contemporÃneo. Ao mesmo tempo, reafirma a necessidade e possibilidade histÃrica de construÃÃo de um projeto de transiÃÃo socialista em direÃÃo à emancipaÃÃo humana.
The paper aims to explore the prblem of alienation, based upon the assumptions of Marx and LukÃcs, further, elucidating the fundamental expressions of alienation within the framework of the structural crisis of capital, accordind to MÃszÃros, with emphasis on the place of the educational complex in that context. Taking Marxism as an ontology, we retrieve the essential elements required to understand work as the founding complex of social being, and, from this standpoint, we achieve the historical form taken by work in the capital society, assuming abstract labor as the basis of alienated work, which, in its turn, constitutes the foundation for the multiple and complex forms of manifestation of alienation in social praxis. We go on to examine the problem of alienation in the context of the aforesaid present crisis of capital, pointing out with MÃszÃros, the factors that demarcate the exacerbation of contemporary barbarismo, led by the waste production as the modus operandi of sociometabolism of capital in the state of structural crisis. In this sense, our study aims to contribute to the demystification of the alienated personifications of sociometabolism of capital in structural crisis, including the type of human formation - fragmented,coomodified, emptied of social relevance â offered to the workers in the contemporary world. At the same time, it reaffirms the historical need and possibility of constructing a project of Socialist transition towards human emancipation.
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Saberi, Nasseri Robin. "Social capital, environmental policy attitudes and the mediating role of climate change beliefs." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391067.
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In order to combat the potential threats of climate change, effective policy setting and implementation is crucial. A variable which has been shown to have significant explanatory power on the success of different public policy areas is social capital; a multidimensional concept encompassing social relationships and norms ability to mobilize and facilitate common goals. In the context of climate change related research, the relationship between social capital or some of its components to environmental variables typically is studied in a vacuum. This using factor analysis or SEM, at times in combination with other statistical techniques. In this study a more extensive SEM is investigated, examining the potential effect of social capital on environmental policy attitudes, with the mediating component climate change beliefs. The relationship between all three concepts were found to be significant, with the proportion of the total effect which is due to the indirect effect being 23%. This present study contributes to the literature by introducing the use of more extensive models, taking the complex relationships in the area into account to a higher degree, in order for more efficient policy making.
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Silva, Emanoela Terceiro. "Homem, natureza e crise ambiental no contexto da crise estrutural do capital: uma leitura a partir da ontologia marxista lukacsiana." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8574.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta dissertaÃÃo consiste num esforÃo compreensivo em torno das questÃes que permeiam a problemÃtica ambiental, inserida na atual forma de reproduÃÃo social â o capitalismo contemporÃneo. Para tanto, fundamentamo-nos no referencial teÃrico marxiano-lukacsiano e recorremos, ainda, Ãs contribuiÃÃes de importantes intelectuais marxistas atentos ao debate ambiental e à sua premÃncia no quadro de prioridades do projeto socialista. O objetivo à reafirmar a gravidade da atual conjuntura socioambiental e compreender, de forma mais concreta, este nosso patente cenÃrio de crise ambiental, transcendendo à aparÃncia dos fenÃmenos, a fim de uma explicaÃÃo coerente, que supere o artificialismo subjetivista e as propostas de resoluÃÃo esvaziadas de conteÃdo e legitimidade, que tentam encontrar soluÃÃes dentro de esferas reformistas tecno-mercadolÃgicas. Nesse Ãnterim, ao mesmo tempo em que o capitalismo transforma-se em green capitalism, presenciamos o agigantamento do complexo militar-industrial, o qual de forma alguma coincide com os interesses da humanidade e da sustentabilidade ambiental, porque aponta, ao fim e ao cabo, sua produÃÃo para fins destrutivos. Buscamos aqui entender quais sÃo os nexos que articulam a atual conjuntura ambiental planetÃria ao sÃcio-metabolismo de reproduÃÃo do capital, com suas diversas fases de ascensÃo e recessÃo, as quais por sua vez conduziram-no a um continuum depressivo, arrastando para o torvelinho de uma crise estrutural as dimensÃes sociais, Ãticas, polÃticas, econÃmicas e ambientais.
This dissertation consists in an effort at understanding the issues that permeate the environmental problem, which is within the current form of social reproduction â the contemporary capitalism. To this end, we ground our work in the Marxian-Lukacsian theoretic references, resorting also to the contributions of important Marxist intellectuals who are attentive to the environmental debate as well as to its urgency in the framework of priorities of the socialist project. Our goal is to reassert the gravity of the current socio-environmental conjuncture and understand in a more concrete way this evident scenario of environmental crisis. We will try to transcend the appearances of the phenomena in order to give a coherent assessment of them. Such an assessment shall surpass all subjectivist artificiality as well as the attempts of resolving the problem which are empty of content and legitimacy and which try to find solutions within the reformist techno-marketing spheres. In the meantime, while capitalism changes into green capitalism, we witness the great enlarging of the industrial-military complex. Such complex does not meet in any way the interests of humanity and of environmental sustainability, for in the end it aims its production for destructive purposes. We seek here to understand the connections that articulate the current planetary environmental conjuncture to the social metabolism of reproduction of the capital. Due to its many phases of rise and recession, the capital reproduction was led to a continuum of depression, dragging the social, ethical, political, economical and environmental dimensions to a swirl of structural crisis.
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Wang, Esheng. "Knowledge management systems success a social capital perspective /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/71439.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Macquarie Graduate School of Management, 2006.Bibliography: p. 253-276.
Introduction -- Knowledge and knowledge management systems -- Towards a measurement model of KMS success -- Research methodology -- Data analyses and results -- Conclusions and implications.
Knowledge management is becoming pervasive in organizations. Information technology (IT) has been widely used in organizational knowledge management initiatives, and organizations continue to invest in IT expecting that its use will improve knowledge workers' productivity and organizational performance. -- Knowledge management systems (KMS) are information technology applications designed for knowledge management. The pervasive use of KMS in organizations has raised crucial concerns about the use and value of KMS, which can be expressed as two key questions: - What are the key determinants to the users' acceptance and use of KMS in their daily work? - What is the actual role of KMS in the support of knowledge management? -- For this thesis, empirical research was conducted on KMS success in organizations from a social capital perspective, aiming to tackle these critical questions. Based on a review of existing studies on knowledge management and information systems success, two KMS research models are developed, namely a Socio-Technical System Framework of KMS and an Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST)-based KMS Success Model. The socio-technical framework model of KMS sets out the main KMS components and the interrelationships between these components, presenting a systematic view of KMS in organizations. The AST-based KMS success model represents dynamic and evolutionary KMS in organizations, proposing a system-to-value chain of KMS success linking KMS use to social capital, and to intellectual capital. In the research, the two models have been operationalized; consequently, a set of theoretical hypotheses has been derived. -- A set of survey instruments has been developed or adapted for the study. A preliminary study is used to test, adapt, and modify the new instruments. A web-based cross-sectional survey is conducted, and a sample of 362 knowledge workers from a variety of organizations enables the researcher to further validate the new instruments, assess the research models, and test the hypothesized relationships through structural equation modeling techniques (PLS and LISREL). The results provide clear evidence of the newly developed instruments' reliability, validity, and general applicability, and demonstrate that the research models have good explanatory power for the variances in the KMS use and social capital constructs. Significantly, the study has confirmed that KMS does have the expected significant positive effects on individual social capital development, a critical social infrastructure for knowledge management. The significant positive impacts of KMS use on three dimensions of social capital-structural, relational, and cognitive dimension-have been assessed, and significant findings have been achieved. Moreover, a set of potential critical determinants to users' acceptance and use of KMS has also been assessed in the study. The results have demonstrated the different levels of impacts of these factors on the users' acceptance and use of KMS. -- Based on the research results, recommendations are made for managers, and implications have been drawn for future research. -- Keywords: Knowledge Management Systems (KMS), KMS success measurement, performance-related use of KMS, structural equation modeling, social capital.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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