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Bates, Steven John. "Red de Salud -- Network of health : structural violence, exclusion and inclusion in Venezuela." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3795.
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This thesis is a study of the socio-economic changes in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela since the new government came into office in 1999. The research hypothesis for this thesis is that the changes and parallel socioeconomic structures being implemented in Venezuela since 1999 have decreased structural violence, and have provided more inclusion for previously excluded people. As the methodology used is qualitative, utilizing textual analysis to conduct a case study, academic journals from the fields of conflict resolution, sociology, political science, public health, cultural studies and economics were relied upon for the most part. This study of structural violence and exclusion has necessitated the contextualization of the situation, and as such, neoliberalism as a major influence has been discussed to aid in understanding and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that the changes and parallel socioeconomic structures being implemented in Venezuela since 1999 have decreased structural violence, and have provided more inclusion for previously excluded people.
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Munoz, Juan-Carlos. "The Swedish exception : A postcolonial analysis of exclusion in the Swedish Covid-19 strategy." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41514.
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This essay seeks to understand the possible reasons behind the high rates of non-white ethnic minorities, such as the Somali-Swedish community among hospitalized Covid-19 patients in Sweden. It interrogates the possibility of a White middle-class bias in the Swedish government and the National Pandemic Group’s management of the covid-19 crisis. I analyze data from daily press conferences held by the National Pandemic Group and public statements from government and national pandemic group representatives regarding updates in the management of the covid-19 crisis. In analyzing these statements, focus has been on assessing the risk analysis and citizen recommendations presented to the public by the national pandemic group. Results show that the specific vulnerabilities of ethnic minorities and the socio-economic inequalities between majority White Swedes and ethnic minorities has not been taken under much consideration by the Swedish government or the national pandemic group, which can be interpreted as resulting from a white middle class bias. The conclusions of this essay show that this may have contributed to the high rates of Swedish-Somalis and other ethnic groups such as the Iraqi-Swedes and Turkish-Swedes among hospitalized Covid-19 patients. This might have been prevented, had the Swedish government acknowledged and acted upon the socio-economic inequalities between different social groups.
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Rupprecht, Melina. "The Paradox of Kenyan Slum Upgrading Programme - An interpretative case study about socio-spatial exclusion in the informal settlement of Kibera." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21788.
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This interpretative case study examines the ways in which socio-spatial exclusion is main-tained though urban planning designs in the informal settlement of Kibera in Kenya. It ap-plies the theoretical and analytical framework of T. Mitchell and A. Church, M. Frost, K. Sullivan to investigate how the urban design of the Kenyan Slum Upgrading Programme (KENSUP) contributes to the maintenance of socio-spatial hierarchies that allow for the ex-clusion of Kibera’s urban residents. This investigation is a reaction to the lacking considera-tion of implanted structural violence in place and urban development.The study found that persisting socio-spatial exclusion of residents in Kibera is in-deed sustained through KENSUP. The built environment functions as power medium that excludes some people based on their socio-spatial status in the city. The applied framework confirmed that the urban planning programme KENSUP maintains existing forms of eco-nomic, physical, and geographic exclusion, besides the exclusion from facilities through the built environment.The findings suggest that urban planning designs require a shift from the focus on the built environment towards the focus on human rights and inclusive participation in order to reduce the structural influence of socio-spatial city hierarchies.
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Thomas, Jennifer Ann. "Engineering the angiotensin II type 1 receptor for structural studies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/247919.
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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are eukaryotic integral membrane proteins that perform transmembrane signal transduction. Due to their pivotal role in a wide range of essential physiological functions GPCRs represent a high proportion of all drug targets. High resolution X-ray structures of GPCRs are however underrepresented in the Protein Data Bank. This is due to their instability in detergent, low expression levels and the presence of misfolded receptors in many heterologous expression systems. The objective of this project was to engineer the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), a human GPCR, to make it suitable for structural studies. It was determined that detergentsolubilised AT1R was thermostable with antagonist bound with an apparent Tm of ~45°C, which was sufficiently stable for purification without further thermostabilisation by rational mutagenesis. Two expression systems were then evaluated for large-scale production of AT1R, namely baculovirus-mediated expression in insect cells and mammalian expression in HEK293 cells. Radioligand binding assays showed that only the mammalian system produced sufficient quantities of active AT1R for structural studies. Expression in the mammalian system was further optimised to approximately 6 mg/L. An AT1R-GFP fusion was created to examine membrane localisation using confocal laser scanning microscopy, to assay expression levels, to select highly expressing monoclonal cell lines using fluorescence activated flow cytometry and to develop a fluorescence size-exclusion chromatographybased assay to examine the suitability of 12 different ligands for co-crystallization. AT1R was also engineered to facilitate crystallisation, including C-terminal truncations to remove predicted disordered regions and bacteriophage T4-lysozyme being added to the third intracellular loop to provide additional points of contact for crystallisation, which increased the apparent Tm by approximately 10°C. All modified versions of AT1R were assessed for expression, stability and monodispersity. Additionally a rapid western blotting based assay was developed for the detection of unfolded membrane proteins, which will have wide applicability in the field.
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Raymond, Jean-Florent. "Structural and algorithmic aspects of partial orderings of graphs." Doctoral thesis, Montpellier, 2016. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/1814.
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This thesis falls within the field of Graph Theory. A central theme is the study of exclusion theorems and their uses in related topics. One of them is well-quasi-ordering: we identify well-quasi-ordered subclasses for several orderings of graphs using structural decompositions. A second one the the study of the relations between combinatorial invariants related to problems of packing and covering of combinatorial structures. In this direction, we establish new connections between these invariants for some classes of graphs. We also present algorithmic applications of the results.Tematyka rozprawy należy do teorii grafów. Głównym tematem rozprawy są twierdzenia opisujące grafy z zabronioną podstrukturą i ich zastosowania. Rozważamy zastosowania takich twierdzeń do teorii dobrego uporządkowania. W szczególności, korzystając z twierdzeń strukturalnych, wskazujemy kilka dobrze uporządkowanych podklas ze względu na różne porządki. Zajmujemy się rownież badaniem relacji pomiędzy niezmiennikami w kontekście problemów pokrywania i pakowania różnych struktur kombinatorycznych. W rozprawie opisujemy rownież algorytmiczne konsekwencje naszych wyników.
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Stockwell, Cory. "Other spaces, structures of exclusion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57997.pdf.
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Munenura, Rosemary. "Financial exclusion and capital structures in the Zimbabwean MSE sector." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1103.
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Hughes, April Heather. "The effects of cattle exclusion on stream structure and function." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34642.
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Stream ecosystems can be influenced by cattle grazing in the riparian zone due to sediment input, nutrient loading, and soil compaction, which lead to alterations of macroinvertebrate and microbial activity. Recently government programs, such as the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), have provided funding for farmers to exclude cattle from streams and riparian zones. Funding for CREP is limited and does not allow for post exclusion assessment. The objectives for this study were; 1) to explore whether CREP and other cattle exclusion initiatives help restore functional integrity to streams; 2) and if they do, to evaluate the time required for integrity to be restored. I predicted leaf processing (a fundamental ecosystem level function) in streams would be influenced by excluding cattle from the riparian zone due to changes in nutrient availability, sediment abundance, shredding macroinvertebrates, and microbial activity. I tested this prediction by measuring leaf processing at sites that had cattle excluded for <1 to 15 years. Breakdown rates did not correspond linearly to time since cattle exclusion. This was probably due to the opposing effects of elevated sediment versus nutrients on leaf breakdown at recently grazed sites. Leaf breakdown and shredder density were strongly correlated with riparian vegetation density. This study suggests that in addition to cattle exclusion, reforestation of woody riparian vegetation may be essential to restore functional integrity to agricultural streams.Master of Science
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Cook, Kenneth Reid. "Livestock Exclusion Effects on the Structure and Function of Headwater Streams." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34217.
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The structure and function of headwater streams was evaluated in response to livestock exclusion implemented through Virginia's Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). We measured riparian plant characteristics along with stream organic matter dynamics, benthic macroinvertebrates, algal biomass, and leaf breakdown in non-fenced, fenced, and forested streams. Increased growth of non-woody vegetation and the pre-existence of woody plants had a significant influence on stream organic matter dynamics. Tree basal area in a 20 m wide riparian corridor was predictive of stream coarse benthic organic matter standing stocks. Higher benthic organic matter standing stocks and differences in algal biomass in fenced and forested sites indicate different food resources may be structuring macroinvertebrate communities in these systems. We found a significant relationship between coarse benthic organic matter and percent shredder density, and scraper density generally followed patterns of algal biomass among treatments. Leaf breakdown rates among treatments were not indicative of differences in shredder density with two of the three fenced sites having the fastest overall breakdown rates observed. We attributed faster breakdown rates in these streams to available food resources and shredder community structure existing prior to the implementation of livestock exclusion.
Our results suggest that a certain amount of ecological recovery may be possible through livestock exclusion. Macroinvertebrate structure in our study streams was primarily influenced by the presence or absence of riparian trees. Maturation and successional changes in woody riparian vegetation after livestock exclusion may allow certain characteristics of pastoral streams to return to those found in forested reaches.
Master of Science
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Fagerström, Kristofer. "The social experience of living with HIV as a gay man in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157354.
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The experience of living as HIV positive constitutes a mixture of social phenomenon which affects individuals in various ways diverging between countries and regions of the world. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate how gay men in Sweden’s larger urban cities experience living with the disease, focusing on social exclusion, disclosure decisions and social relations. Using phenomenology, textual data was analysed from in-depth interviews with 14 HIV positive gay men. This research proves that stigma associated with HIV is a major stressor for the individuals serving as a barrier affecting their quality of life. The prevalence of stigma manifests itself via personalised, disclosure decisions, fear, and environmental attitude. Social exclusion was experienced due to being HIV positive and various factors impact disclose decisions, such as second disclosure. Stigma was especially experienced via online communication on dating apps such as Grindr, making it more difficult for the participants to make new connections. A structural change in how gay men have sex has been noticed in line with advancement in medicines, resulting in an increased engagement in unprotected sex. Findings also suggest divided opinions about the obligation to inform while agreeing that the law needs to be modified.
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Tongdang, Taewee. "Molecular structure of native and processed rices." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368246.
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Wong, Joyce. "Structural insights into the exclusive adaptors of Toll-like Receptor 4 signalling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612478.
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Berkeley, Robert. "Exclusions from secondary schools : market forces or disciplinary structures : a pilot study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399408.
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Arthurson, Kathy. "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
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Spencer, Peter D. "Examining claims of long-range molecular order in water molecules." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121427/1/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_StaffGroupH%24_halla_Desktop_Peter%20Spencer%20Thesis.pdf.
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This project addressed the uncertainty of the properties of water at specific surfaces.
New experimental evidence enabled the reinterpretation of previously reported findings and demonstrates the importance of further research in this area.
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Zagofsky, Tara Mirel. "Civic Engagement Unbound Social and Spatial Forms of Inclusion/Exclusion in Low-Income and Multiethnic Communities." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596980.
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According to the scholarly literature, civic engagement practices inclusive of historically marginalized groups are critical to promote justice and contribute to the health of American democracy. Empirical studies meanwhile reveal a grim report of participation from low-income families and/or persons living in ethnically/racially diverse communities in decisions that affect their lives and livelihoods. Scholars have called for further research to address the gap in understanding how barriers to participation are created and reproduced in the day to day experience in marginalized communities, and what if anything can be done to transcend barriers and boundaries to broad based civic engagement.
By focusing on a high profile civic engagement effort in one low-income, multiethnic urban community, this research provides a context rich, textured account that sheds new light on these important questions. Drawing on four years of ethnographic research, this study finds that social and spatial boundary work intended to build diverse community engagement for an inclusive initiative ultimately created an exclusive process that kept most stakeholders out. This manuscript explains how these boundaries were created, how people gave them objective reality, and what their consequences were. The study also raises two fundamental needs for the future of civic engagement theory and practice: to change practices which are ineffective and often counterproductive of civic engagement objectives, and, to define an approach leading to meaningful participation. In response to these needs and associated tensions, this manuscript offers an integrated framework providing insights into how to create robust opportunities for civic engagement efforts in low-income and multiethnic communities.
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Bawa, Muhammad. "The right to development as freedom from neo-colonialism, other economic structures and systems of exclusion and exploitation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570695.
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The 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development (DRD) recognizes the right to development as the inalienable human right of every human person and all peoples. It has since failed to mature into treaty form because of polarized views over critical elements such as the right's philosophical coherence, its distinctive content and nature of corresponding obligations, amongst others, between developing and developed countries in the UN right to development discourse aimed at progressing it towards comprehensive realization and treaty form. The DRD is, however, to-date the most authoritative, detailed and authentic expression of the international community on the subject of the right to development as a human right. It has been the reference for attempts at practice. A challenge of persistent divergence of views calls for its interpretation in the light of the objects and purposes with recourse to the context of its adoption, subsequent practice, related agreements, experts' opinions, and preambular statements. A finding of convergence of positions and an informed interpretative outcome is facilitative of turning the DRD into hard law. The considerations of the declared objects affirm the right to development as a freedom from neo-colonialism, and other economic structures and systems of exploitation and exclusion of internal origin. A re-visit of the DRD more concretely specifies infringements, highlights responsive operational preconditions, makes provisions for the involvement of relevant expertise, monitoring, and state reporting illustrated in the case study of Ghana. As an inalienable human right, it portends the protection of the rational autonomy of } individuals and peoples in development to equitable outcomes and fulfilment. The right is, in this sense, philosophically coherent, and implementatble. It should thus mature into a treaty to protect human agency against the predations of neo-colonialism, and other economic structures and systems of exclusion and exploitation of internal origins.
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Polkowski, Radoslaw. "Migration, structures of feeling and pathways to inclusion and exclusion : migrant workers in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Poland." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27558.
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Drawing on a concept well-established in social theory, but not yet applied by scholars of migration, namely, the concept of Structures of Feeling, the thesis develops a novel perspective on the role of the context of departure and destination in shaping migration experiences, especially the experience of inclusion and exclusion. The main argument of the thesis is that migration involves a continuous process of migrants interpreting and reinterpreting a country of departure and destination, a process driven by ethics relevant to migrants. The experience of these ethics, largely shaped by the employment trajectories of migrants, can vary depending on a country or locality within it and, therefore, results in different experiences and interpretations of, or simply, different Structures of Feeling in connection with different places. In this process people also interpret and reinterpret themselves and their relationship with different places involved in migration. In this way, Structures of Feeling can affect people’s sense of belonging and their migration decisions, especially decisions regarding settlement. By exploring this phenomenon, the study reveals complex subjective processes involved in migration. This conceptual framework emerged from the qualitative analysis of data from nearly 100 interviews with 50 migrant workers in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Poland. The thesis shows that interviewees experienced work and life abroad through the prism of three ethics connected with neoliberalism. Differences in the experiences of these ethics in the country of departure and destination mediated their sense of inclusion and exclusion and gave rise to the dual-idealisations of a place of departure and arrival which, in turn, affected their settlement decisions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that, while these experiences may not seem straightforwardly different across the three destinations taken into account in this study, certain context-specific variations can be identified, too. These are accounted for by the notion of Local Structures of Feeling.
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Jegou, Guillaume. "Production exclusive de mésons ρ⁰ dans l'expérience COMPASS au CERN." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112378.
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Cette analyse a été entreprise afin d'obtenir de nouvelles informations sur la structure en spin du nucléon, nouvellement décrite par les distributions de parton généralisées (GPD). La GPD E est reliée au moment angulaire des partons dans le nucléon par la règle de somme de Ji et est accessible par la réaction de production exclusive de mésons rho sur le nucléon. Certaines contraintes sur cette GPD peuvent être extraites expérimentalement par la mesure d'asymétries de réactions de production exclusive sur cible polarisée transversalement, si l'hélicité du photon virtuel est totalement transmise au méson rho. Cette condition est vérifiée par l'étude des dépendances angulaires de la réaction dans le but d'extraire les éléments de la matrice densité de spin (SDME) qui décrivent le transfert d'hélicité entre le photon virtuel et le méson rho. Pour cette étude, les données de 2004 et 2007 de l'expérience COMPASS au CERN utilisant le faisceau de muons polarisés ont été utilisées. Les muons interagissent dans la cible solide de proton ou de deutéron polarisé transversalement, et les produits de l'interaction sont détectés dans le spectromètre de 60 mètres de long composé de traceurs, d'un détecteur RICH et de calorimètres. Les résultats obtenus ont été présentés. Les SDME ont été montrés et de petites (<10%) violations de la conservation d'hélicité dans la voies ont été observées, en accord avec les expériences précédentes. Finalement, l'asymétrie de spin transverse est présentée et décomposée sur l'état d'hélicité du rho. L'asymétrie obtenue est compatible avec 0, en accord avec HERMES et avec les prédictions de Goloskokov et KrollThe goal of this study was to get some information on the nucleon spin structure which is newly described by Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD). The E GPD is related to the angular momentum of partons in the nucleon via the Ji sum rule and is accessible via exclusive production of rho meson on the nucleon. Lt has been shown that some constrains on the GPD E can be experimentally obtain by the measurement of asymmetries of exclusive production on a transversely polarized target if the virtual photon helicity of totally given to the produced rho (a condition called s- channel Helicity Conservation). This assumption is checked by the study of angular dependence of the reaction in order to extract the spin density matrix elements (SDME) which describe the helicity transfer from the virtual photon ta the produced rho. Then, data of the COMPASS experiment at CERN taken using a 160 GeV polarized muon beam in 2004 and 2007 are used. These muon interact in the solid and transversely polarized proton or deuteron target, and products of the reaction are detected in a 60 meter long spectrometer composed of trackers, RICH and calorimeters. SDME have been presented and small violation (<10%) of s channel helicity conservation have been observed in agreement with previous experiments. Finally, transverse target spin asymmetry have been shown and decomposed on transverse and longitudinal rho helicity contributions. Asymmetry have been found to be compatible with 0, in agreement with HERMES results and Kroll and Goloskokov predictions
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Borgerding, Erika Michelle. "Synthesis, Molecular Weight Characterization and Structure-Property Relationships of Ammonium Ionenes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35613.
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Ammonium ionenes are macromolecules with quaternized nitrogen groups in the main chain. Ionenes are commonly referred to as x,y-ionene, where x and y represent the number of methylene groups between quaternized nitrogens. Synthesis of aliphatic ammonium ionenes has been studied since the early twentieth century; however, absolute molecular weight characterization has only been performed using extensive light scattering and viscosity experiments. Performing aqueous size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on ammonium ionenes provides absolute molecular weight determinations while eliminating the need for separate viscosity and light scattering experiments. We developed a mobile phase composition that provides reliable separation of aliphatic ammonium ionenes using aqueous SEC. For the first time, we report absolute molecular weights of aliphatic ammonium ionenes using this technique.
We investigated the influence of charge density and structural symmetry on thermal and mechanical properties of ammonium 6,6-, 12,6- and 12,12-ionenes. Thermal properties were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical properties were measured using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and an Instron.
Incorporating low molecular weight polymer segments into the main chain of the ionene allows tailoring of polymer characteristics. Poly (tetramethylene oxide) segments decrease hydrophilicity and increase elastomeric character. Linear PTMO based ionenes have been synthesized previously, and we were interested in how branching affected thermal and mechanical properties. We synthesized bis(dimethylamino) poly(tetramethylene oxide) segments, and subsequently, synthesized linear and branched ionenes to study the effects of topology on thermal and mechanical properties. Polymers were analyzed using DMA, DSC, TGA, SAXS, and an Instron.Master of Science
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Dosanjh, J. K. S. "Protein damage during purification : understanding the effects of size exclusion chromatography on the structure of biosynthetic human insulin (BHI)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1331879/.
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Purification of Biosynthetic Human Insulin (BHI or Humulin), involves multimodal chromatographies as well as intermediate crystallizations. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is the final chromatographic step in BHI purification, which is conducted in acetic acid at high protein concentrations. The purpose of the SEC step is to remove the higher-molecular weight species proinsulin (molecular weight (MW) ≈ 10 kDa) and covalently linked insulin dimer (MW ≈ 11.6 kDa) from native insulin monomer (MW 5808 Da). Because covalent insulin dimers are recognised as a significant factor in immunological responses seen in diabetic patients (Darrington & Anderson 1995), limiting the amount of covalent in the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is a key requirement for the development of the purification process. The presence of covalent dimers in insulin process streams results from chemical degradation of BHI either through intermolecular disulphide bond formation or from transamidation. Complete characterisation of the covalent dimeric species present in commercial SEC feed streams has not been performed. However, because specific purification technology is employed to remove disulphide bonded polymeric impurities upstream of the SEC step, dimeric impurities are thought to be predominantly transamidated species. Further, recent laboratory-scale SEC studies have indicated that there is a covalent dimer form present in the SEC feed streams that is difficult to separate from the native BHI molecule by SEC. The objectives of this study were to determine the types of insulin covalent dimer entering the BHI SEC step, understand the impact of the covalent insulin dimer type on SEC separation of dimer from the native insulin and to learn more about the SEC step itself i.e., investigations into the effect the SEC resin (G-50 Sephadex), may have had on the BHI structure. In order to achieve this, various techniques were explored to analyse BHI conformation, purity and degradation trends. Such techniques included Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Reverse Phase and Size Exclusion Chromatography), Circular Dichorism and Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation (SELDI). Breakdown studies on BHI were carried out using reducing agents DTT and GdnHCl and the effects of environmental conditions (pH, temperature and protein concentration), on native BHI as well as the reduced protein were investigated. Further to this, studies carried out at Eli Lilly and Company explored the occurrence of the fronting observed after SEC purification. Here the human proinsulin (HPI), high molecular weight polymer (HMWP) and BHI were thought to exist together and were separated from the main BHI peak, and then recycled in order to separate and recapture BHI in order to increase yield. Studies were conducted to understand the occurrence of the fronting better, as well as to see if factors such as presence of Zinc could alter the fronting and whether this could ultimately lead to steps being taken to modify the manufacturing process to make it more efficient and economically sound. Finally, the folding reaction where human proinsulin s-sulfonate (HPSS) is converted to HPI during BHI manufacture was investigated. During this step, the HPI purity and behaviour was assessed in order to determine whether changes could be made here in order to make the manufacturing process more efficient. Overall it was found that the species present during BHI analysis were BHI monomer and transamidated dimer. Upon reduction by denaturing agents such as DTT with GdnHCl, the BHI monomer was found to become reduced to form its constituent A and B chains. More of a dimer peak was observed also, which was a combination of transamidated dimer, but also BHI monomer being eluted sooner during HPLC due to its reversible formation of self-associated dimer as it flowed through the column. An additional small peak was also observed which was suspected to be an AA-AA dimer, but further experimentation is required to confirm its identity. Addition of Sephadex caused BHI monomer to be more stable, thus more difficult to reduce using denaturing agents such as DTT and GdnHCl to its constituent A and B Chains. The sephadex induced a shift in equilibrium between BHI and Chains A and B such that the BHI protein remained in a more folded state, thus making it harder for the DTT to access and reduce the disulphide bonds. With regards to environmental conditions, it was found that an increase of temperature lead to an increase of degradation/reduction of BHI monomer, resulting in an increase of all the other peaks. The general trend observed with regards to pH was that BHI monomer was most stable at pH 3 at all the temperatures tested, and pH 4 was the most unstable except at 40°C where an increase of pH appeared to encourage misfolding and avoid aggregation. Complete unfolding of BHI was only found to occur at pH 9 (where all the pH’s examined were 1.5, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, and 9). Concentration changes resulted in an expected increase in peak areas in SEC HPLC, and it did show that more BHI dimer was likely to form as a result of increased concentration. A number of theories were tested to understand the occurrence of fronting in the BHI elution peak from SEC. It was found to result from the BHI forming a self-associated dimer on the column, thus eluting earlier but then returning to its original monomeric state. This explained why BHI monomer was found in the fronting area along with HMWP and HPI, and therefore had to be recycled and repurified. It was also found that chelating zinc ions from the BHI sample did not have an effect on the equilibrium between monomer and dimer, or on the fronting observed on the large scale SEC HPLC. It was seen however that when the G-50 SEC column was saturated with ZnCl2 the BHI monomer peak shifted towards being eluted at a higher MW (towards the left), thus promotion of zinc induced BHI dimerisation. Although this resulted in increased fronting, this is more likely now to be due to the harmless self-associated dimers that are reversibly formed as opposed to non-reversible covalently formed dimers, so the need for the cut and recycle step to remove the covalent dimer, would no longer be needed. However it was also found that the HPI content was significantly increased in the Main Stream (MS) step (as illustrated in Figure 7.1) which decreased the final BHI purity, and so overall the saturation with zinc did not allow the recycle step to be avoided during manufacturing. Thus it was better to keep the initial fronting and avoid Zn induced dimerisation. Finally with regards to HPI purity during the manufacturing step where HPSS was converted to HPI, it was found that disulphide shuffling occurred with a corresponding increase of HMWP, but only for the first 40-50 hours, after which the polymer fraction decreased and HPI fraction increased until a plateau was reached. A variation in the time to reach the plateau is likely to be due to slight variations in added cysteine concentration. It is recommended that the cysteine concentration should be investigated in further experimentation in order to speed the reaction up so that the plateau could be reached faster. This decreased manufacturing time would result in a more time and cost efficient process.
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Nunnally, Clifton Charles. "Macrobenthic community structure and total sediment respiration at cold hydrocarbon seeps in the northern Gulf of Mexico." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1155.
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Cold seeps are areas of high biomass in the deep-sea, the impacts of these food-rich environments upon the sediment community is unknown in the Gulf of Mexico. The structure and function of benthic communities was investigated at food-rich and food-limited sites on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Cold seeps were richer in macrofauna densities and total sediment respiration, but were poorer in biomass and taxa diversity than normal slope communities. Decreased diversity is seen at most chemosynthetic communities and suggests a competition for resources. The spatial extent of these results at seeps is unknown and may be a localized, bioenhancement effect caused by seeping fluids.
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Granados, Carlos G. "QCD Structure of Nuclear Interactions." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/447.
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The research presented in this dissertation investigated selected processes that involve baryons and nuclei in hard scattering reactions. These processes are characterized by the production of particles with large energies and transverse momenta. Through these processes, this work explored both, the constituent (quark) structure of baryons (specifically nucleons and ∆-Isobars), and the mechanisms through which the interactions between these constituents ultimately control the selected reactions.
The first of such reactions is the hard nucleon-nucleon elastic scattering, which was studied here considering the quark exchange between the nucleons to be the dominant mechanism of interaction in the constituent picture. In particular, it was found that an angular asymmetry exhibited by proton-neutron elastic scattering data is explained within this framework if a quark-diquark picture dominates the nucleon’s structure instead of a more traditional SU(6) three quarks representation. The latter yields an asymmetry around 90o center of mass scattering with a sign opposite to what is experimentally observed.
The second process is the hard breakup by a photon of a nucleon-nucleon system in light nuclei. Proton-proton (pp) and proton-neutron (pn) breakup in 3He, and ∆∆-isobars production in deuteron breakup were analyzed in the hard rescattering model (HRM), which in conjunction with the quark interchange mechanism provides a QCD description of the reaction. Through the HRM, cross sections for both channels in 3He photodisintegration were computed without the need of a fitting parameter. The results presented here for pp breakup show excellent agreement with recent experimental data.
In ∆∆-isobars production in deuteron breakup, the HRM angular distributions for the two ∆∆ channels were compared to the pn channel and to each other. An important prediction from this study is that the ∆++∆- channel consistently dominates ∆+∆0, which is in contrast with models that unlike the HRM consider a ∆∆ system in the initial state of the interaction. For such models both channels should have the same strength. These results are important in developing a QCD description of the atomic nucleus.
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Naimi, Mohamed. "Une structure arborescente pour une classe d'algorithmes distribués d'exclusion mutuelle." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2003.
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Dans la premiere partie, une presentation des solutions existantes pour les reseaux complets est proposee. La deuxieme partie contient l'idee fondamentale de la these: au lieu de diffuser une demande d'entree en section critique, un site va demander l'autorisation a un seul site. Les chemins d'acces a ce site sont structures en arborescence. La troisieme partie presente un algorithme de reorganisation de l'arborescence en cas de panne d'un site: un algorithme d'exclusion mutuelle, base sur la notion d'arborescence est valable quand le reseau n'est pas complet. La preuve de l'exclusion mutuelle, de l'absence d'interblocage et de la famine est aussi donnee
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Choi, S. K., S. L. Olsen, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, V. Aulchenko, T. Aushev, T. Aziz, et al. "Observation of a Resonancelike Structure in the π^+-Ψ' Mass Distribution in Exclusive B → Kπ^+-Ψ' Decays." American Physical Society, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11344.
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Hristova, Ivana. "Transverse-target single-spin azimuthal asymmetry in hard exclusive electroproduction of single pions at HERMES." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15839.
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Wir präsentieren die Analyse der Daten, die in den Jahren 2002-2004 mit dem 27.56 GeV Positronenstrahl des HERA Speicherrings am DESY und dem internen transversal polarisierten Wasserstofftarget (''fixed target'') des HERMES Experiments aufgenommen wurden. Ereignisse mit einem gestreuten Positron und einem erzeugter Pion wurden selektiert. Die ausschließliche Erzeugung eines einzelnen Pions, e p -> e'' n pi+, wird durch die Anforderung gewährleistet, daß die fehlende Masse des Ereignisses der Masse des Neutrons, das nicht gemessen wird, entspricht. Der Streuquerschnitt für diesen Prozess hängt von der Bjorken-Skalenvariable, den Vierer-Impulsübertrag und den Transversalimpulsübertrag, deren durchschnittliche Werte für unsere Datensätze bei =0.12, =2.3 GeV^2, =-0.18 GeV^2 liegen, sowie zwei azimuthale Winkel: der Winkel phi zwischen den Streu- und Produktionsebene (die Schnittlinie der Ebenen enthält das virtuelle Photon), und der Winkel phi_S zwischen der Streuebene und dem Polarisationsvector des Targets. Die Asymmetrie, auch Transversal-Target-Einzelspin-Azimuthalasymmetrie genannt, wird als das Verhältnis der Differenz zur Summ der Streuquerschnitte für die positive und negative Targetpolarisation definiert. Es wird durch sechs azimuthale Sinus-Modulationen charakterisiert, deren Amplituden von -1 bis 1 varieren können. Wir messen die Asymmetrie eines Datensatzes von 2093 Ereignissen mit einem Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis von 1:1. Im Durchschnitt wurden geringe oder mit Null übereinstimmende Amplitudenwerte gefunden, abgesehen von der Amplitude von der sin(phi_S) Modulation, allerdings innerhalb der großen exprimentellen Unsicherheiten. Ein direkter und genauerer Vergleich der Daten mit der Theorie verlangt größere Statistik und verbesserte Fähigkeiten des Detektor als für die vorliegende Messung vorhanden waren.We present the analysis of data taken in the years 2002-2004 with the 27.56 GeV positron beam of the HERA storage ring at DESY and the internal transversely polarised hydrogen fixed target of the HERMES experiment. Events with a scattered positron and a produced pion are selected. Exclusive production of single pions, e p -> e'' n pi+, is ensured by requiring the missing mass in the event to be equal to the mass of the neutron, which is not detected. The cross section for this process depends on the Bjorken scaling variable, the four-momentum transfer, and the transverse four-momentum transfer, whose average values for our sample are =0.12, =2.3 GeV^2, =-0.18 GeV^2, respectively, and two azimuthal angles: the angle phi between the scattering and production planes (their common line contains the virtual photon), and the angle phi_S between the scattering plane and the target polarisation vector. The asymmetry, also called transverse-target single-spin azimuthal asymmetry, is defined as the ratio of the difference to the sum of the cross sections for positive and negative target polarisation. It is characterised by six azimuthal sine modulations, whose amplitudes can vary from -1 to 1. We measure the asymmetry from a sample of 2093 events with a signal-to-background ratio of 1:1. At average kinematics, the values of the amplitudes are found to be small or consistent with zero, except for the amplitude of the sin(phi_S) modulation, however, within their large statistical uncertainties. A direct and more precise data-to-theory comparison requires larger statistics and improved detector capabilities than available for the present measurement.
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Chevereau, Élodie. "Synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique d'un matériau membranaire à structure contrôlée : étude expérimentale de la sélectivité." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS249.
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L’objectif de ce travail était de synthétiser des membranes inorganiques type mordénite en vue d’une application en nanofiltration ou en ultrafiltration à bas-seuil de coupure. Cette étude repose sur l’interprétation des mécanismes de transport régissant la rétention d’ions monovalents et divalents au travers d’une membrane minérale à structure contrôlée. La démarche qui a été mise en place nous a conduit, dans un premier temps, à s’assurer de la nature des produits synthétisés et à identifier leurs propriétés de surface, morphologique, et électrique. Nous avons choisi de déterminer les paramètres spécifiques des mordénites synthétisées (tels que le rayon de pore, la surface spécifique, et la charge de surface) à partir des poudres utilisées pour préparer les membranes associées. Parallèlement à ces caractérisations physico-chimiques, des essais de filtration ont été réalisés sur des pilotes de laboratoire afin d’étudier la sélectivité d’une membrane mordénite vis-à-vis des sels monovalents et divalents. Pour cela, un protocole expérimental a été mis en place. Nous avons réussi à observer la rétention d’ions monovalents de petites tailles après modification des propriétés de surface de la mordénite. Le passage facilité ainsi que la rétention spécifique d’ions mono- et divalents ont également été observés dans certaines conditions opératoires. Ainsi, les résultats obtenus lors des essais de filtration en solutions pures et en mélanges nous ont conduit à formuler plusieurs hypothèses concernant les interactions membrane-solutés : la membrane se comporte comme une surface dont la polarité peut être modifiée suite à un traitement alcalin, la polarisabilité des ions hydratés diminue avec leurs enthalpies d’hydratation, les interactions entre la surface traitée et ces ions dépendent des forces de Van der WaalsThe aim of this work was to synthesize mordenite membrane for an application in nanofiltration or in low cut-off ultrafiltration and to understand the transport mechanisms governing the retention of monovalent and divalent ions through a controlled structure mineral membrane. The approach what has been implemented has led us, at first, to ascertain the nature of synthesized products and identify their surface, morphological and electrical properties. We chose to determine the specific parameters of the synthesized mordenite (such as pore radius, surface area and surface charge) from the powders used to prepare the related membrane. In addition to these physical and chemical characterizations, filtration tests were carried out on pilot unit in order to study the mordenite membrane selectivity toward monovalent and divalent salt-water solution. For this, an experimental protocol was defined. We managed to observe the retention of small monovalent ions after changing the surface properties of mordenite. The preferential transport and the specific retention of mono- and divalent ions were also observed under certain operating conditions. Thus, the results obtained during the filtration tests in single and mixed solutions led us to make several hypotheses about solute-membrane interactions: the membrane behaves as a surface whose the polarity can be changed after an alkaline treatment, the polarizability of hydrated ions decreases with their enthalpies of hydration, the interaction between the treated surface and theses ions depend on the Van der Waals forces
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Tannous, Pamela. "Rethinking Youth as Means for Political Stability A qualitative content analysis of the sociopolitical situation in Lebanon from the perspective of empowerment theory." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21917.
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Youth exclusion in a society is a major issue in many parts of the globe, and particularly in the Arab world. It limits the succession of social movements leading to political stability and leaves a relevant part of the society alienated from political processes. For this reason, this thesis aims to introduce and highlight youth as a source for political and social development, using Lebanon as a case study through the theoretical lens of empowerment theory. The work carried out understands empowerment theory as a useful theoretical framework in Political Science, and its contribution to the case under scrutiny will rest upon three interrelated categories: individual empowerment, collective empowerment, and social and political change as a subsequent. The research focuses on the capacity development of young Lebanese people through their participation in a UNDP program. Using content analysis of a UNDP report and semi-structured interviews conducted with youth (20-28) as well as with the youth focal point in UNDP, the thesis systemically examines and evaluates the extent to which Lebanese youth are feeling empowered by the UNDP for creating social change and reducing political instability. The results and findings of the research suggest that if organizations such as the UNDP place more attention on youth, they are likely to have a greater political and social impact on social and political development.
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Chatagnon, Pierre. "Nucleon structure studies with CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab : timelike Compton scattering and the central neutron detector." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP039.
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Les protons et les neutrons sont les constituants principaux de la matière visible de l'univers. Leur structure, constituée de trois quarks de valence baignés dans un nuage de quarks de la mer et de gluons, est régis par la théorie de la chomodynamique quantique (QCD). Cependant, aux énergies comparables à la masse du nucléon, les propriétés de QCD ne peuvent pas être calculées par des méthodes perturbatives. Des fonctions de structure doivent être utilisées pour pouvoir décrire les nucléons. Les distributions de parton généralisées (GPD) sont un ensemble de fonctions de structure, introduites dans le courant des années 90. Elles modélisent la position transverse et le moment longitudinal des quarks et des gluons, les constituants élémentaires des nucléons. La phénoménologie de ces fonctions est très singulière. Elles sont en particulier étroitement liées à la structure de spin et aux propriétés mécaniques des nucléons. La mesure des GPDs est donc un élément déterminant dans la compréhension de la structure élémentaire de la matière. Le but de cette thèse est de fournir de nouvelle donnée pour l'étude des GPDs, en particulier avec la mesure inédite de la diffusion Compton de genre temps avec le détecteur CLAS12 à Jefferson Lab.Cette thèse est divisée en trois parties. Dans la première partie, la théorie des GPDs et leur modélisation est présentée. Le lien entre ces fonctions et des réactions mesurables est aussi établi, le concept de facteurs de forme Compton (CFF) est notamment introduit. De plus, les relations entre les GPDs et les différentes contributions des quarks au spin du nucléon, la correspondance entre la partie réelle des CFFs et les propriétés mécaniques du nucléons et enfin la possibilité de réaliser une image 3D du nucléon sont mises en lumière.La seconde partie du manuscrit est consacrée au travail que j'ai réalisé sur le détecteur central de neutrons de CLAS12 (CND). Le CND est un détecteur cylindrique formé par des scintillateurs en plastique. Il a été conçu pour augmenter les capacités de détection des neutrons dans la partie centrale de CLAS12. Après avoir présenté les motivations physiques de la construction du CND, le design, la procédure de calibration, de reconstruction et de simulation sont expliqués. Enfin, les performances du CND, mesurées à partir de données réelles sont comparées aux spécifications du design initial.Enfin, dans la dernière partie, la mesure expérimentale de la réaction de photo-production d'une pair de lepton sur le proton, ou diffusion Compton de genre temps (TCS) est exposée. Cette réaction permet d'accéder à des propriétés des GPDs encore mal connues, comme la partie réelle des CFFs. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé pour cette expérience est d'abord présenté. L'analyse de données est ensuite détaillée et les résultats obtenus sont présentés et discutésThe nucleons, protons and neutrons, are the main constituents of visible matter in the universe. Their structure, three valence quarks surrounded by a cloud of sea quarks and gluons, is described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). However, the properties of QCD cannot be computed perturbatively at energies comparable to the nucleon mass. Hence, structure functions were adopted to model the inner structure of nucleons. The Generalized Partons Distributions (GPD), were introduced in the 90's to provide a description of the nucleon in terms of both the transverse position and the longitudinal momentum of its quarks and gluons. These functions contain a large amount of information and are closely related to the nucleon spin and mechanical architecture. Their experimental measurement is a key element for the understanding of fundamental properties of matter. The main focus of this thesis is to provide new data for GPD studies, with a first-time measurement of Timelike Compton Scattering at Jefferson Lab with the CLAS12 detector.This thesis is divided in three parts. The first part presents the theory of GPDs, current models and their link with physical processes that can be experimentally measured. The relation between GPDs and experimental observables is discussed, and the concept of Compton Form Factors (CFF) is introduced. In addition, the link between the spin and the mechanical properties of the nucleon, as well as the possibility of performing a 3D imaging of the nucleon with GPDs is highlighted.The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the work I performed on the Central Neutron Detector (CND). The CND is a plastic scintillator barrel built to increase the neutron detection capabilities of CLAS12 in its central region. After presenting the physical motivations for the building of this detector, its hardware implementation, calibration, reconstructions and simulation aspects are detailed. At the end of this part, the CND performances using real data are measured and compared to its design specifications.Finally, the third part covers the experimental measurement of the photo-production of a lepton pair off the proton, the Timelike Compton Scattering process (TCS). This reaction offers an insight on some properties of GPDs which are not well constrained by the reactions measured so far, in particular the real part of CFFs. The experimental setup used for data taking is described. The subsequent data processing and analysis is explained, and results for three different observables are shown
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Hadjidakis, Cynthia. "Electroproduction exclusive de méson vecteur rhoO à virtualité intermédiaire à Jlab avec le détecteur CLAS." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077209.
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Banda, Simambo Tenford. "To what extent is overlapping membership of regional structures with mutually exclusive objectives in the SADC region an impediment to regional integration." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31410.
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The main objectives of the study was to determine the exclusivity of the objectives of the regional groupings within the SADC region and to assess the impact that membership overlaps has on the realization of specific regional grouping objectives.A qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured in-depth expert interviews were used to determine the issues arising from regional membership overlaps in the SADC region.Due to limited literature around the subject of regional integration in the SADC region, work done by my supervisor Dr Jannie Rossouw were cited in some instances.Recent developments in the Western economies that have resulted in the refocusing of the SADC region have resulted in polarization amongst the regional groupings in Africa. Furthermore, existing regional groupings within the Southern Africa, have endenvoured on an ambitious regional integration agenda which has resulted in membership overlaps within the existing regional bodies. The study found that these regional overlaps are costing the affected member states in the form of monetary subscription and through the deployment of the rare human skilled resources to regional secretariats. The advent of the European Partnership Agreements has caused polarization within the SADC region through the signing of various bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements. Most importantly, this study found that structural overlaps exist within SADC itself. A lack of sufficient political will amongst SADC member states was also noted as an impediment to regional integration.However, the study also noted some positive performances of existing regional grouping despite membership overlaps. The Common Monetary Area was highlighted as a grouping that was performing in line with prescribed regional integration convergence indicators.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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Sisson, Garrett P. "The Rocky Reality of Roadways and Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus): An Intersection of Spatial, Thermal, and Road Ecology." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501858940884785.
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Thomas, Jérôme. "Dire(s) d’urgence : la psychiatrie d’urgence comme structure de médiation : statut de la parole et de la communication à l’hôpital." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20076/document.
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Cette thèse vise à montrer que la psychiatrie d’urgence, intervenant dans le cadre de l’hôpital général, constitue une structure de médiation. Bien que les services d’urgence soient le lieu d’expression de la crise et de la catastrophe, ils mettent en œuvre des processus symboliques et imaginaires qui visent à redonner du sens à l’irreprésentable. A partir d’une enquête ethnographique par observations participantes, la thèse analyse les différents aspects de la communication mise en œuvre lors de l’accueil des patients. En s’inspirant de la psychanalyse et de l’anthropologie, cette recherche aboutit à une sémiotique de l’urgence psychiatrique qui articule les dimensions réelle, imaginaire et symbolique du phénomène à partir de la notion de flottance de l’urgence, que nous forgeons en partie.Cette approche interdisciplinaire, ancrée dans le champ des sciences de l’information et de la communication, permet de comprendre combien les services d’urgence psychiatrique constituent des espaces de renouage du contrat social. Cette thèse décrit et analyse les conditions de l’articulation de la clinique au politique, du singulier au collectif. A ce titre, ces services constituent des lieux d’interrogation et d’invention du politique dans la mesure où chaque sujet qui y a recours vient problématiser de façon singulière, inédite et imprévisible, l’articulation du désir et de la norme en exigeant, de la part de l’institution, qu’elle énonce de nouvelles formules de ce nouage.Sur le plan épistémologique, cette recherche est une invitation faite aux études portant sur la communication d’inclure dans leurs réflexions la catégorie du réel qui désigne la limite du symbolique et du représentable. Cette thèse montre qu’il est fructueux de penser les faits de communication à partir de l’impossible à communiquer, de penser la médiation à partir, précisément, des ruptures de la médiation et, finalement, de penser le contrat social à partir de ses limites, de ce qu’il est contraint de refouler pour se maintenirThis thesis aims at showing that psychiatric emergency, when it takes place in general hospital, plays the role of a structure of mediation. Even if the emergency wards are places where crisis and catastrophe are conveyed, they implement symbolic and imaginary processes which aim at giving back meaning to situations which get unthinkable. Starting from an ethnographic investigation through observations, the thesis analyses the different aspects of the communication brought into play when patients are received. This thesis which is based on psychoanalysis and anthropology leads to a semiotic analysis of psychiatric emergency which is centred round the Real, the Symbolic and the Imaginary dimensions of the phenomenon.This interdisciplinary approach, rooted in the fields of information and communication sciences, enables the understanding of how psychiatric emergency wards are places where the social contract can exist again. This thesis describes and analyses the conditions of articulation between the clinical side and the politics. Emergency wards are places where Politics is questioning and invented. Indeed, each subject who turns to the emergency ward questions the compromise between the norm and the desire in a singular, original and unforeseeable way. Furthermore, this subject expects the institution to enounce new formulations of this compromise.On the epistemological level, this thesis invites studies on communication to include in their reflexions the category of the Real which refers to the limits of the Symbolic. This thesis shows that it is relevant to think of communication facts by considering the impossibility to communicate, to think of mediation precisely through the mediation breaking points, to think of the social contract by considering its limits
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Warden, Tara S. "The cost of dreaming : identifying the underlying social and cultural structures which push/pull victims into human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation in Central America." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18521.
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This investigation explores the international perspectives of causality of human traffic, specifically, traffic into commercial sexual exploitation. Current Western approaches to combat trafficking centre around law and order, immigration issues, and victim protection programs. While these are important for a holistic effort to deter traffic, these foci overlook prevention endeavors, thereby acting as a band-aid on a bullet wound, addressing the symptoms, but not the foundation of trafficking. Western perspectives toward prevention concentrate on economic aspects of supply and demand while crediting the root cause to be poverty. Using social exclusion theory, this thesis demonstrates that the current paradigm of viewing human trafficking in purely economic terms is an oversimplification. This project proposes to widen the focus of prevention efforts those cultural and social structures which push and pull victims into trafficking. The research is a response to an international call for further initiatives to prevent human trafficking, the recent rise of human traffic in Guatemala, Central America and the lack of research which focuses on the social links with trafficking and mainstream society. Research conducted in Guatemala, included a thirteen-month ethnography and involved one-hundred and thirteen qualitative interviews conducted in nine Guatemalan cities strategically located along trafficking routes. The target research population included women sex workers and former traffic victims from Central America and included insights from non-governmental organizations workers. Twenty-three interviewees were Central American migrants which provided insight in the wider regional structures of traffic and commercial sexual exploitation. The interviews aimed at understanding the lived experiences of exploitation in order to determine whether social exclusion affects human traffic within commercial sexual exploitation. The findings revealed the underlying social and cultural structures which reinforce human trafficking. Empirical data collected provides real-time data on trafficking networks, commercial sexual exploitation and reveals the geo-political significance of Guatemala as a hot-spot for traffic. Analysis of interviews illustrates variations in the experience of human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation which challenges current western stereotypical ideas on traffic victims. Conceptually, macro-structures—political, economic, social, and violence—are presented as a back drop for the formation of wider networks of exploitation. The exploration of violence as a push factor challenges international forced repatriation policies. Micro-structures—gender roles, family, violence, and coping strategies—are examined in the ways they perpetuate social systems of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Theoretically, the thesis argues against the current paradigm which narrowly focuses on economics, but calls for the incorporation of social exclusion theory to understand the multi-dimensionality of human traffic and its wider links to society in order to open up new dialogue for prevention between the West and the majority world.
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Thomas, Jérôme. "Dire(s) d'urgence. La psychiatrie d'urgence comme structure de médiation. Statut de la parole et de la communication à l'hôpital." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578586.
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Cette thèse vise à montrer que la psychiatrie d'urgence, intervenant dans le cadre de l'hôpital général, constitue une structure de médiation. Bien que les services d'urgence soient le lieu d'expression de la crise et de la catastrophe, ils mettent en œuvre des processus symboliques et imaginaires qui visent à redonner du sens à l'irreprésentable. A partir d'une enquête ethnographique par observations participantes, la thèse analyse les différents aspects de la communication mise en œuvre lors de l'accueil des patients. En s'inspirant de la psychanalyse et de l'anthropologie, cette recherche aboutit à une sémiotique de l'urgence psychiatrique qui articule les dimensions réelle, imaginaire et symbolique du phénomène à partir de la notion de flottance de l'urgence, que nous forgeons en partie. Cette approche interdisciplinaire, ancrée dans le champ des sciences de l'information et de la communication, permet de comprendre combien les services d'urgence psychiatrique constituent des espaces de renouage du contrat social. Cette thèse décrit et analyse les conditions de l'articulation de la clinique au politique, du singulier au collectif. A ce titre, ces services constituent des lieux d'interrogation et d'invention du politique dans la mesure où chaque sujet qui y a recours vient problématiser de façon singulière, inédite et imprévisible, l'articulation du désir et de la norme en exigeant, de la part de l'institution, qu'elle énonce de nouvelles formules de ce nouage. Sur le plan épistémologique, cette recherche est une invitation faite aux études portant sur la communication d'inclure dans leurs réflexions la catégorie du réel qui désigne la limite du symbolique et du représentable. Cette thèse montre qu'il est fructueux de penser les faits de communication à partir de l'impossible à communiquer, de penser la médiation à partir, précisément, des ruptures de la médiation et, finalement, de penser le contrat social à partir de ses limites, de ce qu'il est contraint de refouler pour se maintenir.
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Boër, Marie. "Etude des Distributions de Parton Généralisées avec la Diffusion Compton Profondément Virtuelle "genre espace" et "genre temps"." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112372/document.
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Plus de quarante ans après la découverte de constituants ponctuels dans le nucléon, sa structure en quarks et gluons (partons) fait toujours l'objet d'études intenses. Certains processus exclusifs (où tous les produits de l'état final sont connus) de leptoproduction ou de photoproduction exclusive de photon ou de méson sur le nucléon permettent d'accéder aux Distributions de Parton Généralisées (GPDs). Ces fonctions paramétrisent la structure complexe du nucléon et contiennent des informations sur l'impulsion longitudinale et la position transverse des partons dans le nucléon. De tels processus exclusifs sont la Diffusion Compton Profondément Virtuelle "genre espace" et "genre temps" (DVCS et TCS respectivement) qui correspondent à la diffusion d'un photon de haute énergie sur un quark du nucléon et sont mesurés respectivement à partir des réactions lN⇾l'N'γ (N = proton ou neutron, l = lepton) et γN⇾N'l+l-. La première partie de cette thèse est une étude expérimentale du DVCS avec les données 2009 de l'expérience COMPASS au CERN. Dans un premier temps, la section efficace de diffusion profondément inélastique est mesurée, de façon à valider la mesure du flux de muons et à déterminer certains effets systématiques dans la recontruction des traces. Ensuite, la section efficace de production exclusive d'un photon est mesurée. Elle contient le processus DVCS (photon émis par un quark du nucléon) et le processus Bethe-Heitler (photon émis par le lepton diffusé) qui ont le même état final. L'étude des bruits de fond a aussi conduit à estimer une limite à la section efficace de production exclusive d'un pion neutre. La seconde partie de la thèse est dédiée à une étude phénoménologique du TCS aux énergies typiques de JLab 12 GeV. Les amplitudes du TCS et du Bethe-Heitler associé sont d'abord calculées. Puis, toutes les asymétries de simple et de double polarisation de la cible et/ou du faisceau linéairement ou circulairement polarisé sont calculées en fonction de diverses contributions de GPDs. Enfin, une méthode d'ajustement est présentée pour extraire les Facteurs de Forme Compton (qui sont des fonctions des GPDs) avec des données et/ou des simulations de DVCS et/ou de TCSMore than forty years after the discovery of pointlike constituents inside the nucleon, its quarks and gluons structure is still intensively studied. Some exclusive processes (where all the final state products are known) of leptoproduction or of photoproduction of photon or meson off the nucleon provide access to the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). These functions parameterize the complex structure of the nucleon and contain informations about the longitudinal momentum and the spatial transverse distribution of partons inside the nucleon. Such exclusive processes are the "Spacelike" and the "Timelike" Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering processes (DVCS and TCS respectively) which correspond to the scattering of a high-energy photon off a quark in the nucleon and are respectively measured in the reactions lN⇾l'N'γ (N = proton or neutron, l' = lepton) and γN⇾N'l+l- The first part of this thesis is devoted to the experimental study of DVCS, using the 2009 data from the COMPASS experiment at CERN. In a first step, the Deep Inelastic Scattering cross section is measured in order to check the muon flux measurement and to evaluate some systematic effects. Then, the cross section for the exclusive production of a photon is measured. It is made up of the DVCS process (the photon is emitted by a quark) and of the Bethe-Heitler process (the photon is emitted by the scattered lepton) which has the same final state. The study of the background has allowed to estimate in parallel an upper limit for the cross section of the exclusive production of a π° meson. The second part of the thesis is devoted to a phenomenological study of TCS at typical energies for the JLab 12 GeV upgrade. Firstly, the amplitudes for the TCS and for the associated Bethe-Heitler process are derived. Then, all single and double polarization (beam and/or target) observables are calculated as a function of different GPD contributions. Finally, a method is presented to extract the Compton Form Factors (functions of GPDs) from fits on DVCS and/or TCS data and/or simulations
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Theeten, Marc. "Semi-microscopic and microscopic three-body models of nuclei and hypernuclei." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210268.
Full textAbstract:
De nombreux noyaux atomiques et hypernoyaux se modélisent comme des structures à trois corps. C'est le cas, par exemple, de noyaux à halo, comme 6He, ou de noyaux stables, comme 12C et 9Be. En effet, 6He se caractérise comme un système à trois corps, formé d'un coeur (une particule alpha) et de deux neutrons de valence faiblement liés. Le noyau de 12C peut s'étudier comme un système lié formé de trois particules alphas, tandis que 9Be peut être décrit comme la liaison de deux particules alphas et d'un neutron.
Dans les exemples précédents, les particules alphas sont des amas de nucléons. Elles possèdent donc une structure interne dont il faut tenir compte en raison du principe de Pauli.
Les modèles les plus réalistes pour décrire les structures à trois corps sont les modèles "microscopiques". Ces modèles prennent en compte explicitement tous les nucléons et respectent exactement le principe d'antisymétrisation de Pauli. Cependant, l'application de ces modèles est fortement limitée en pratique, car ils exigent de trop nombreux et trop longs calculs.
Par conséquent, pour simplifier considérablement les calculs et permettre l'étude des structures à trois corps, des modèles moins détaillés, de type "semi-microscopiques", sont également développés. Dans ces modèles, on représente les amas de nucléons comme de simples particules ponctuelles. Dans ce cas, la modélisation consiste à construire les potentiels effectifs entre les amas, puis à les employer dans les modèles à trois corps.
Dans ce travail, nous avons développé les modèles "semi-microscopiques à trois corps". Les potentiels effectifs entre amas sont directement déduits des forces entre nucléons (selon la RGM à 2 corps). Ces potentiels sont "non-locaux", et dépendent des énergies des amas qui interagissent. Ils permettent de simuler le principe de Pauli et les échanges de nucléons entre les amas. La dépendance en l'énergie se révèle être un inconvénient dans les modèles à trois corps. Les potentiels effectifs sont par conséquent transformés en de nouveaux potentiels (non-locaux) indépendants de l'énergie, bien adaptés aux modèles à trois corps. Les modèles "semi-microscopiques" sont beaucoup plus simples et plus rapides que les modèles "microscopiques". Ils fournissent les fonctions d'onde des états liés à trois corps des noyaux légers et hypernoyaux. Cela permet d'une part de comprendre les propriétés spectroscopiques nucléaires, et d'autre part, cela ouvre la voie pour de futurs modèles de réactions nucléaires impliquant les structures à trois corps.
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Several atomic nuclei and hypernuclei can be modelled as three-body structures: e.g. two-neutron halo nuclei, such as 6He, and other nuclei, such as 12C and 9Be.
Indeed 6He can be represented as a three-body system, made up of a core (an alpha particle) and two weakly bound valence neutrons. The 12C nucleus can be studied as a bound system formed by three alpha particles, while the 9Be nucleus can be described as the binding of two alpha particles and one neutron.
In these typical examples, the alpha particles are clusters of nucleons. They have an internal structure that must be taken into account because of the Pauli principle.
The most realistic models are the "microscopic models". In these models, all the nucleons are taken into account, and the Pauli antisymmetrisation principle is fully respected. However, the application of the "microscopic models" is limited in practice, because they require too many laborious calculations.
Therefore, in order to greatly simplify the calculations, "semi-microscopic models" are developed. In those models, the clusters of nucleons are treated as ("structureless") pointlike particles. The models then consist in determining the effective potentials between the clusters, and in using them in three-body models.
In the present work, we have developed "semi-microscopic models". The effective potentials between the clusters are directly obtained from the interactions between nucleons (according to the two-cluster RGM). These potentials are "nonlocal", and depend on the energy of the interacting clusters. The non-locality is a direct consequence of the Pauli principle and the exchanges of nucleons between the clusters. The energy-dependence of the potentials turns out to be a drawback in three-body models. Therefore, the effective potentials are transformed into energy-independent potentials, which can be used in three-body models. The "semi-microscopic models" are much simpler and faster than the "microscopic models". They provide the three-body bound-state wave functions (i.e. the spectroscopic properties and the structure) of light nuclei and hypernuclei. Such wave functions are also the basic ingredient that will be used in future reactions models.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Gao, Yumin. "Influences des dépôts métalliques sur l'effet SERS." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066061.
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Etude par diffusion Raman exaltée de surface (SERS) de l'influence de différents dépôts d'atomes (Pd, Al, Au, Cu et Si) de l'adsorption d'éthylène, d'oxygène et de pyridine sur des couches continues ou discontinues d'argent ou sur des couches minces d'Ag déposées sur des surfaces non actives vis-à-vis de la diffusion Raman. Analyse et compréhension de l'effet SERS et en particulier de la contribution à très courte portée. Application possible de la spectroscopie Raman à l'étude des surfaces.
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Martí, Jiménez-Argüello Alejandro Miguel. "Mesure de la section efficace de l'électroproduction de photons à JLAB dans le but d'effectuer une Séparation Rosenbluth de la contribution DVCS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061951.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude de la structure interne des hadrons nous permet de comprendre la nature des interactions entre les partons, les quarks et les gluons, décrites par la Chromodynamique Quantique. Les processus de diffusion élastique, qui ont été utilisés avec succès pour mesurer les facteurs de forme des nucléons, sont inclus dans ce cadre. Les processus inélastiques sont également inclus dans ce cadre, ils nous permettent d'extraire beaucoup d'information grâce au développement des distributions de partons (PDFs). Par conséquent, tandis que la diffusion élastique d'électrons par le nucléon nous fournit des informations sur la répartition des charges, et donc de la distribution spatiale des composants du nucléon, la diffusion inélastique présente des informations sur la distribution d'impulsions au moyen des PDFs. Cependant, dans les processus inélastiques, il est possible d'étudier les processus exclusifs tels que la Diffusion Compton Profondément Virtuelle (DVCS), qui nous permet d'accéder aux distributions spatiale et d'impulsions des quarks simultanément. Ceci est possible grâce aux fonctions généralisées des distributions de partons (GPDS), qui nous permettent de corréler les deux types de distributions. Le processus connu sous le nom DVCS est le moyen le plus facile pour accéder aux GPDS. Ce procédé implique la diffusion d'un électron par un proton, au moyen de l'échange d'un photon virtuel, qui entraîne la diffusion des particules initiales et l'émission d'un photon réel. Ce processus est en concurrence avec le processus dit Bethe-Heitler, dans lequel le photon réel est émis par l'électron initial ou final. En raison de la faible section efficace de ce type de procédé, de l'ordre du nb, il est nécessaire d'utiliser une installation capable de fournir une haute luminosité pour réaliser les expériences. L'une de ces installations est le Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, où l'expérience appelée "Complete Separation of Virtual Photon and π⁰ Electroproduction Observables of Unpolarized Proton" a été réalisée au cours de la période entre Octobre et Décembre de 2010. Le principal objectif de cette expérience est la séparation de la contribution du terme provenant du DVCS à partir du terme d'interférence, résultant de la contribution du BH. Cette séparation est appelée "Séparation Rosenbluth". Cette thèse porte sur le calorimètre électromagnétique qui a été utilisé pour détecter le photon dans l'expérience E07-007 à Jefferson Lab. Il y a aussi une introduction théorique à l'étude de la structure du nucléon, en révisant les concepts de facteurs de forme et des distributions de partons à travers des processus élastiques et inélastiques. Le calcul de la section efficace de la leptoproduction de photons est décrite en détail, ainsi que les buts de l'expérience E07-007. Dans cette thèse on décrit l'analyse des données enregistrées par le calorimètre électromagnétique, avec le but d'obtenir les variables cinématiques des photons réels résultants des réactions DVCS. Finalement, on décrit la sélection des événements à partir des données stockées, les réductions appliquées aux variables cinématiques et la soustraction de fond. En outre, le processus d'extraction des observables nécessaires pour le calcul de la section efficace de la leptoproduction de photons est décrite, ainsi que les principales étapes suivies pour effectuer la simulation Monte-Carlo utilisée dans ce calcul. Les sections efficaces obtenues sont indiquées à la fin de cette thèse.
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Adams, Samuel J. "In the Season of Our Monstering." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1523020784239892.
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Anis, Ferdous. "Inclusive Education Policy in Bangladesh: Human Rights, Social Justice and Structural Exclusion." Thesis, 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/44732/.
Full textAbstract:
Bangladesh is a signatory to international declarations that all children must have access
to education and has introduced education policies to implement inclusive education in
all schools. Despite the aim of the policies to build an inclusive society, widespread
discrimination contributes to the exclusion of children with disability in Bangladeshi
society. This study investigated how inclusive education is conceptualised in the
Bangladeshi National Education Policy 2010 (NEP10) for children with disability by
drawing together social theory, policy and educational practice. A close investigation of
the NEP10 utilising Carol Bacchi’s WPR approach was undertaken. The theories of Sen,
Slee and Spivak, in relation to inclusive education, led to a broader consideration of
human rights, social justice and inclusion. Findings from policy analysis were
supplemented by a small number of interviews undertaken in two villages. The research
findings demonstrate that the conceptualisation of inclusive education must be
complemented with a broader consideration of human rights, social justice and inclusion
to strengthen inclusive education ideals. The imperative for the Government of
Bangladesh to have access to richer evidence for the conceptualisation of inclusive
education is suggested to reach the goals of Education For All by 2030. The study
concludes by discussing the potential for NEP10 to uphold the ideals of inclusion and
impact the rights of children with disability in Bangladesh.
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(9835355), Vincent Skinner. "A sociological study of Indigenous adolescent offending in Queensland." Thesis, 2011. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/A_sociological_study_of_Indigenous_adolescent_offending_in_Queensland/13460969.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to achieve a better understanding of Indigenous adolescent offending in Queensland. Although much has been written on this topic, there has been no research into patterns of Indigenous adolescent offending across urban, rural and remote areas in Queensland, or anywhere else in Australia. Similarly, no studies have compared a wide range of demographic, social, economic and cultural factors with rates of Indigenous adolescent offences. This study shows that there are discernible differences in rates and patterns of Indigenous adolescent offences across different geographical areas of Queensland. The similarities and differences are explained using a sociological perspective, with particular emphasis on the work of Jock Young. The study is based on offence data supplied by the Queensland Police Service for 110 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Queensland for the period from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2007. The LGAs were further categorised according to geographical and social characteristics, resulting in 27 ‘urban’, 49 ‘rural’, 19 ‘Aboriginal’, and 15 ‘Island’ councils or LGAs. After an initial comparison of Indigenous and non-Indigenous adolescent offending to put the study in context, Indigenous adolescent offending in the four categories of LGA was analysed according to the sex of the offender, the age of the offender, the type of offence committed, and the type of police action taken against the offender. Following on from this examination of rates and patterns of offending, correlation and regression analyses were used to elucidate relationships between Indigenous adolescent offending and various social, economic and cultural variables. The study found that rates and patterns of Indigenous adolescent offences varied greatly among the four categories of LGA, with offending being most pronounced in Aboriginal councils and least in Island councils. This pattern persisted when offending was analysed according to age, sex, type of offence, and type of police action. Nevertheless, a sociological interpretation of the results suggests that particular forms of structural exclusion and relative deprivation associated with Indigeneity underlie the high rates of Indigenous adolescent offences in Queensland, although they manifest in different ways depending on the type of Indigenous community. Following on from this, it is argued that socioeconomic status alone cannot account for the high overrepresentation of Indigenous adolescents in the Queensland criminal justice system. Despite the importance of the underlying factors mentioned above, the differences between Indigenous communities and the variations in rates and patterns of offending mean that the approaches taken to address this problem must be tailored to suit each community.
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Flynn, Catherine. "Projet Dauphine : laisser la parole aux jeunes femmes de la rue et agir ensemble pour lutter contre la violence structurelle par le biais de la recherche-action participative." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12010.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche-action participative s’inscrit dans un paradigme féministe intersectionnelle. Elle présente la façon dont sept jeunes femmes de la rue (18-23 ans) de Québec ont fait l’expérience de la violence structurelle et ont déployé des stratégies pour y faire face. Elle s’articule autour d’une définition de la violence structurelle inspirée de celle proposée par Farmer, Bourgois, Scheper-Hugues et al. (2004) qui la présentent comme étant le processus à la racine des inégalités sociales et de l’oppression vécue par différents groupes sociaux. Ce processus s’opère dans trois dimensions complémentaires soit : 1) la domination symbolique, 2) la violence institutionnelle et 3) la violence quotidienne.
Une analyse de contenu thématique a permis de dégager l’expérience des participantes dans chacune de ces dimensions. L’analyse de la domination symbolique a montré que les participantes ont été perçues à travers le prisme de quatre visions ou préjugés : 1) l’image de la jeune délinquante (Bad girl), 2) le discours haineux envers les personnes assistées sociales, 3) la culture du viol et 4) l’hétéronormativité. Les différentes expériences de violence quotidienne et institutionnelle vécues par les participantes peuvent être mises en lien avec ces manifestations de la domination symbolique. Les participantes ont expérimenté la violence institutionnelle à travers leurs trajectoires au sein des services de protection de l’enfance, durant leurs démarches pour obtenir un emploi, un logement ou du soutien financier de la part des programmes offerts par l’État et pendant leurs demandes d’aide auprès d’organismes communautaires ou d’établissements du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux. L’analyse de l’expérience des participantes a permis de révéler deux processus imbriqués de façon cyclique de violence structurelle : l’exclusion et le contrôle social. La plupart des stratégies
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expérimentées par les participantes pour combler leurs besoins fondamentaux les ont exposées au contrôle social. Le contrôle social a exacerbé les difficultés financières des participantes et a accru leur crainte de subir de l’exclusion.
Bien que la violence structurelle expérimentée par les participantes se situe à la croisée des rapports de pouvoir liée au genre, à la classe sociale, à l’âge et à l’orientation sexuelle, il se dégage que la domination masculine s’est traduite dans le quotidien des participantes, car l’exclusion et le contrôle social ont créé des contextes où elles ont été susceptibles de subir une agression sexuelle ou de vivre de la violence de la part d’un partenaire intime. L’analyse de la dimension intersubjective de la grille d’analyse de Yuval-Davis (2006) montre la présence de certains rapports de pouvoir liés à la classe sociale au sein même de la population des jeunes de la rue. Cette analyse souligne également la difficulté des participantes à définir les contours de la violence et d’adopter des rapports égalitaires avec les hommes.
Enfin, le processus de recherche-action participative expérimenté dans le cadre de cette thèse a été analysé à partir des critères de scientificité présentés par Reason et Bradbury (2001). L’élaboration de deux projets photos, choisis par le groupe en guise de stratégie de lutte contre la violence structurelle, a contribué à ouvrir le dialogue avec différents acteurs concernés par la violence structurelle envers les jeunes femmes de la rue et s’est inscrit dans une perspective émancipatoire.This participatory action-research shows how seven street involved young women (18-23 years) in Quebec have experienced structural violence and how they deployed strategies to overcome. It is based on a definition of structural violence inspired by Farmer, Bourgois Scheper-Hughes et al., (2004) who presents this as the root of social inequality and oppression experienced by several social groups. This process operates in three complementary dimensions: 1) the symbolic domination, 2) institutional violence, and 3) the daily violence. A content analysis has identified the participants experience in each of these dimensions. The analysis of symbolic domination revealed that participants were seen through four prejudices: 1) the bad girl, 2) prejudices against welfare recipients, 3) rape culture and 4) heteronormativity. The violence of everyday life and institutional violence experienced by participants may be connected with symbolic domination. Participants experienced institutional violence during their paths within the child protective system, through their efforts to get a job, housing or financial support from government programs, and during their requests for help from community organizations or establishments of the health and social services. It reveals two patterns of structural violence that mutually reinforce each other in a cycle: Social exclusion and social control. Most of participant’s strategies to overcome social exclusion and to fulfill their needs make them vulnerable to social control. Social control helps increase their financial difficulties and their fear of exclusion. These two patterns of structural violence had created context for sexual victimization and intimate partner violence. While structural violence experiences by participants is at the crossroads of power relationship related to gender, social class, age and sexual orientation, it emerges that male domiiv nance is reflected in participants daily life. The analysis of the intersubjective dimension of Yuval-Davis grid (2006) identifies power relationship within the population of street youth, participants struggle to defining violence and to adopt egalitarian relationships with men. Finally, an analysis of the participatory action-research process experienced in this thesis was conducted from Reason and Bradbury (2001)’s criteria of validity. The development of two photo projects, selected by the group as a strategy against structural violence, helped open a dialogue with various stakeholders involved in structural violence against street-involved young women.
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Shou, Da Wei, and 壽大衛. "Structured quorum-based schemes for the mutual exclusion problem in distributed systems." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15734492680800698580.
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Hurrle, Jakob. "Romové na českém venkově: determinanty vyloučení a potenciál pro inkluzi." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-406232.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation project Roma on the Czech countryside: Determinants of exclusion, potentials for inclusion deals with the situation of Roma in Czech rural municipalities. The starting motivation for the author's exploration of this topic has been information about the growing number of segregated localities in rural areas. In the local public discourses within the peripheral areas, this phenomenon has often been explained as the consequence of poverty-driven urban-rural migration. However, as the migration of socially excluded populations into disadvantaged areas stirs a lot of fears and negative emotions that provide a fertile ground for the spread of rumours, the author's preparatory research soon revealed that it is necessary to carefully distinguish between myths and reality. The author's desire to understand the complex processes behind the emergence of new Roma localities in rural areas required a combination of working methods: The author analysed the national policy and regulatory framework and realized empirical research in five micro-regions in different parts of the Czech Republic. In addition to this, data were gained through the realization of a country-wide survey with two different sets of questionnaires, which targeted rural municipalities with socially excluded localities and urban social...
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Arthurson, Kathy (Kathryn Diane). "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates." 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332) Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
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Arthurson, Kathryn Diane. "Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates / Kathy Arthurson." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21768.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332)x, 332 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.
Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001
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Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Kirill [Verfasser]. "Hard exclusive processes and the structure of hadrons / von Semenov-Tian-Shansky Kirill." 2009. http://d-nb.info/997273437/34.
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Moagi, Anna Lefatshe. "A Fanonian perspective on the May 2008 xenophobic violence in South Africa : a case study of the Tshwane Municipality." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14151.
Full textAbstract:
The research on xenophobia in South Africa is underpinned by the relationship described by Frantz Fanon between violence and oppression present within the structures of domination. This research addresses the colonial structures that manifested themselves within the oppressive modes in societies. It employs a Fanon analysis of the xenophobic violence of May 2008 and serves to provide an understanding of the experiences of a particular condition and of how a broader invisible context plays an important role in what society sees and assimilates. The question can be asked: Is it safe to say that the xenophobic attacks were racist, or was it mere bigotry? An analysis based on the writings of Franz Fanon coupled with a psychological account of the participants, affirms that the xenophobic attacks revealed that the previously colonised or oppressed black people in South Africa reacted with regard to the assimilation of the master and its slave narrative and dialect. Theories of oppression and slavery posit that patterns of colonialism reoccur and manifest themselves both internally and externally within society. A serious debate is necessary to question whether the incidents came at a time that South Africa should have reflected on society’s interaction with foreign immigrants.Political Sciences
M.A. (Politics)
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Bakhti, Benaoumeur. "Development of lattice density functionals and applications to structure formation in condensed matter systems." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2014020512266.
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Lattice Density Functional Theory is a powerful method to treat equilibrium structural properties and non-equilibrium kinetics of condensed matter systems. In this thesis an approach based on Markov chains is followed to derive exact density functionals for interacting particles in one-dimension. First, hard rod mixtures on a lattice are considered. For the treatment of this system, certain sets of site occupation numbers are introduced. These sets reflect zero-dimensional or one-particle cavities in continuum treatments, which can hold at most one particle. The exact functional follows from rather simple probabilistic arguments. Thereby the derivation simplifies an earlier, more complicated treatment. A rearrangement of the functional casts it into a form according to lattice fundamental measure theory. This makes it possible to systematically setup approximate density functionals in higher dimensions, which become exact under dimensional reduction. In the next step, the theory is extended to hard rod mixtures with contact interactions. Finally, hard rods with arbitrary nearest-neighbor interactions extending over two rod lengths are studied. For those interactions, two types of zero-dimensional cavities need to be introduced. The first one is a one-particle cavity corresponding to a set of occupation numbers with at most one occupation number being nonzero. The second type is a two-particle cavity, which is a cavity that cannot hold more than two particles, that means at most two occupation numbers can be one in the corresponding set. In order to account for time-dependent kinetics, a lattice version of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory is followed and applied to hard rods with contact interactions.