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Journal articles on the topic 'Structural exclusion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

King, Audra. "Structural Exclusion and Just Development." International Journal of Technoethics 6, no. 2 (July 2015): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2015070102.

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The work of feminists and other critics of global development has successfully demonstrated the persistent failure of development to promote just and equitable social change. The author examines a central cause of this failure, which she refers to as the problem of structural exclusion. Structural exclusion occurs where participation in decision-making is restricted to a narrow range of structural perspectives and interests. The author provides a systematic account of structural exclusion as an epistemic obstacle to just and effective development policy. Drawing on this account, she then propose a principle of structural pluralism, which requires that all relevant structural perspectives be included on equal terms and have equal right and effective opportunity to contribute to or influence deliberations at all levels of decision-making about the appropriate vision and policies of development.

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2

Yeung, Agnes, Ruby C. M. Chau, and Sam W. K. Yu. "Managing social exclusion." International Social Work 47, no. 4 (October 2004): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872804046257.

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This article is based on two studies conducted in Guangzhou and Hong Kong. It argues that many managerial women in these two Chinese cities rely mainly on an individual approach to reduce their social exclusion and simultaneously use implicit actions to challenge structural inadequacies in the family and the work place.

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3

Jiang, Zhongyuan, Huan Wang, Xiaoliang Chen, Mingwei Tang, and Jianhong Ye. "An Enhanced Supervisory Control Strategy for Periodicity Mutual Exclusions in Discrete Event Systems Based on Petri Nets." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1395142.

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Mutual exclusion problems widely exist in discrete event systems in which several processes will compete for the common resource for maintaining their normal running. This competition is mutually exclusive. However, a special behavior, that is, periodic mutual exclusion behavior, is important for many discrete event systems. Once a process obtains the common resource, it will consecutively obtain the common resource in the following several competitions. The other processes should wait for the release of the common resource. All processes will compete for the common resource again after the common resource is released. These competitions have obvious periodicity. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to design periodic mutual exclusion supervisors to control the periodic mutual exclusion behavior in discrete event systems. Moreover, two original structural conversion concepts, calledk-derivation andk-convergence processes, are proposed to construct the periodic mutual exclusion supervisors. The discussion results show that many undesirable execution sequences are forbidden since the periodic mutual exclusion behavior is controlled by the proposed periodic mutual exclusion supervisors. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.

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4

Calavita, Kitty. "Chinese Exclusion and the Open Door with China: Structural Contradictions and the 'Chaos' of Law, 1882-1910." Social & Legal Studies 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a017401.

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This article examines the structural contradictions underlying the difficulties of implementing the Chinese exclusion laws first enacted by the US Congress in 1882. I argue that these contradictions were grounded in the material and ideological conditions of the period, were reproduced in the unwieldy logic of the exclusion laws, and emerged as unresolvable enforcement dilemmas. Most important, the anti-Chinese racism on which the exclusion laws were based clashed with economic interests driven by the promise of lucrative trade with China. Using unpublished archival materials, the Congressional Record and Congressional reports, as well as annual reports of the enforcement bureaucracy, I show that exceptions to the exclusions for Chinese merchants were an attempt to reconcile this contradiction, and in turn generated formidable enforcement problems. Further, I argue that the impossibility of making sharp binary distinctions between merchants and 'coolies', and the humiliating procedures involved in the futile effort to do so, subjected the Immigration Bureau to criticism from exclusionists for their failure to detect fraud, and from the Chinese and their advocates in the business community for their harsh practices. The implications for sociolegal studies more generally are examined in the conclusion.

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Rohman, Yani Fathur. "Tantangan Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Penglihatan dalam Mengakses Pekerjaan." Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society 1, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v1i1.25.

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Studies of disability including people with visual impairments has shifted towards the interaction of individuals with obstacles in the environment. This systematic review of the literatures aims to increase understanding of social exclusion as a multidimensional aspect. Based on the substantive mapping, various collected literature can be grouped into cultural exclusion and structural exclusion includes; 1)stigma as a paradox explores the impact of stigma for people with visual impairment related to work; 2) career mobility, job satisfaction, and social exclusion discuss the lack of job satisfaction and career promotion for people with visual impairments; 3) the limitation of work accommodations explain about physical environment constraints; and 4) education and skill as a structural problem discususs about the relationship between individual and minimal services from state. This study found that social exclusion at the structural level is the impact of the existence of social exclusion at the cultural level, which is then perpetuated by structure through various policies both government and workplaces.

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Campos, Daniel. "Poverty as Exclusion: Causal Analysis of multiple and simultaneous structural relationships." Población y Desarrollo 22, no. 42 (June 30, 2016): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/pdfce/2076-054x/2016.022(42)067-080.

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7

Trevisan, Leonardo Nelmi, Joel Souza Dutra, and Elza Fátima Rosa Veloso. "Editorial - Exclusion Factors." Revista de Carreiras e Pessoas 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/recape.v12i1.56905.

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Individualized professional projections or organizational career plans recognize the existence of processes – operational or structural – that are discriminatory. Career evolution is often marked by situations of exclusion built by obstacles that inhibit ascent, both to decision-making nuclei, and to equal opportunities. And, both, in a very notorious way. Exclusion scenarios are, in fact, differentiated. But, complementary. The first of these scenarios, the most significant, involves the gender factor. Discriminatory practices, especially in relation to women, but not only, do not appear only in relation to underrepresentation at the hierarchical level of the organization. Also, the areas of greatest perspective, such as the digitization of value chains, are largely male domains. This domain also appears in social networks for new work opportunities. Without forgetting, of course, the maternity issue. Other exclusion factors also deserved attention from academic research: the format of performance evaluations, including in the public sector, the profile of HR practices and policies, and even questions of values and the origin of training. In this context, first recognizing the limits to understanding the complex world of discrimination scenarios and, taking into account the different possibilities for academic research to address the topic, the difficult reality involving exclusion factors in career development has been transformed in the thematic axis of the articles that make up the first issue of Volume 12 of Revista de Carreira e Pessoas.

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8

Kenyon, S. "Understanding social exclusion and social inclusion." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 156, no. 2 (June 2003): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2003.156.2.97.

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9

Lorenzo, Francisco J. "Poverty and social exclusion in Spain: structural consequences of our growth model." Ehquidad Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2014.0004.

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10

Lecacheux, D., R. Panaras, G. Brigand, and A. Denis. "Structural features of pectin evidenced by preparative size exclusion chromatography." Food Hydrocolloids 1, no. 5-6 (December 1987): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(87)80073-5.

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11

Simpson, B. "Briefing:Making the Connections: Final Report on Transport and Social Exclusion. Report by the Social Exclusion Unit 2003." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 156, no. 2 (June 2003): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2003.156.2.81.

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12

Workman-Stark, Angela. "From exclusion to inclusion." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 34, no. 8 (November 16, 2015): 764–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-01-2015-0006.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural aspect of policing, particularly as it relates to the role of gender, and proposes an alternative approach to addressing the culture of masculinity within policing. Design/methodology/approach – First, the author provides a brief overview of the nature of policing. This is followed by a review of the relevant literature on policing and gender and the implications for men, women, and police organizations of adhering to a militarized or hegemonic form of masculinity. Finally, the author discusses Ely and Myerson’s proposed theory for “undoing gender” and its relevance for policing. Findings – The findings of this paper suggest that the police culture continues to reinforce the masculine image of policing, thereby representing a significant barrier to the advancement of women. The findings also suggest that this barrier may be overcome through shared goals that advance collective well-being, definitions of competence linked to task requirements, and a learning orientation toward work. Originality/value – This paper makes an important contribution to the existing literature on gender and policing, as it specifically focusses on the cultural influences of masculinity and considers the structural, behavioral, and cultural changes required to create margins of safety for police officers to experiment with new behaviors.

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13

Hereth, Jane, Rachel C. Garthe, Robert Garofalo, Sari L. Reisner, Matthew J. Mimiaga, and Lisa M. Kuhns. "Examining Patterns of Interpersonal Violence, Structural and Social Exclusion, Resilience, and Arrest among Young Transgender Women." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820938420.

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Young transgender women aged 16–29 years experience high rates of carceral involvement, warranting greater inclusion of this community within decarceration research and practice. The present study investigates patterns of violence, exclusion, resilience, and arrest among a sample of 298 transgender women aged 16–29 years in Chicago, Illinois, and Boston, MA. Women in the sample reported high rates of arrest, violence, and exclusion. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify classes with similar response patterns to items assessing violence, exclusion, resilience, and arrest. A three-class model was selected to best represent the data, including: (a) “High Violence and Exclusion/High Arrest”; (b) “Low Arrest”; and (c) “Moderate Violence and Exclusion/High Arrest.” Race and perceived gender expression significantly predicted class membership. Findings illustrate the heterogeneity of young transgender women’s experiences, suggesting that a variety of tailored decarceration program and policy interventions are required to meet the differing needs of young transgender women.

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14

Lopez, Andrea M., Matthew Thomann, Zena Dhatt, Julieta Ferrera, Marwa Al-Nassir, Margaret Ambrose, and Shane Sullivan. "Understanding Racial Inequities in the Implementation of Harm Reduction Initiatives." American Journal of Public Health 112, S2 (April 2022): S173—S181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2022.306767.

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Objectives. To elucidate a structurally oriented theoretical framework that considers legacies of racism, trauma, and social exclusion and to interrogate the “unmet obligations” of the institutionalization of the harm reduction infrastructure to provide equitable protections to Black and Latinx people who use drugs (PWUD) in Maryland. Methods. In 2019, we conducted a rapid ethnographic assessment of and qualitative interviews with PWUD (n = 72) and stakeholders (n = 85) in 5 Maryland counties. We assessed PWUD’s experiences, service gaps in as well as barriers and facilitators to accessing services, and the potential to expand harm reduction programs. Results. The unmet obligations we found included enforcement and punitive governance of syringes, naloxone, and other drug use equipment; racism and racialization, social exclusion, and legacies of trauma; and differential implications of harm reduction for populations experiencing racialized criminalization. Conclusions. The implementation of harm reduction policies are a first step, but assessment of structural dynamics are needed for diverse communities with unique histories. This research illuminates a key paradox: progressive policy is implemented, yet the overdose crisis escalates in communities where various forms of racialized exclusions are firmly entrenched. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S173–S181. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306767 )

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15

Al-Rashid, Muhammad Ahmad, Hong Ching Goh, Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain, Zulfiqar Ali, Tiziana Campisi, and Tahir Mahmood. "Psychosocial Barriers of Public Transport Use and Social Exclusion among Older Adults: Empirical Evidence from Lahore, Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010185.

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Transport planning and public health have been intertwined historically. The health impact of public transport services, such as social exclusion, is a widely discussed research topic. Social exclusion is a paramount concern for older adults’ health in the wake of emerging global challenges. However, there remains a significant research gap on how psychosocial barriers faced by older adults in using public transport services influence the social exclusion behavior. The present research provides empirical evidence and shows the impact of certain psychosocial barriers of public transportation on older adults’ social exclusion. A total of 243 Pakistani older adults (aged 60–89 years old) voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants provided self-reports on their psychosocial barriers (including perceived norms, attitude, personal ability, habits, neighborhood social constraints, and intention) and the corresponding social exclusion. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for the data analysis. The structural path model supported the significant associations between psychosocial barriers and social exclusion. Except for perceived descriptive norms, all other psychosocial barriers predicted older adults’ social exclusion. The research portrays the significance of the psychosocial factors to examine social exclusion and offers practical implications for urban and transport planners. The concerned policymakers can use the research findings to develop age-sensitive, socially sustainable, and healthy cities.

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16

Mol, C. D., G. Slupphaug, A. S. Arvai, J. A. Tainer, B. Kavli, and H. E. Krokan. "Structural basis for the removal and exclusion of uracil from DNA." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (August 8, 1996): C157—C158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876739609294x.

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17

Halder, Kangkan, Rashi Halder, and Shantanu Chowdhury. "Genome-wide analysis predicts DNA structural motifs as nucleosome exclusion signals." Molecular BioSystems 5, no. 12 (2009): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b905132e.

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18

Macculi, Iris, and Carlos Acosta Bermúdez. "Reducing Human Exclusion for Structural Transformation: The African Social Development Index." Development 57, no. 3-4 (December 2014): 452–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/dev.2015.22.

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19

Blagodatskikh, I. V., O. I. Shchegolikhina, Yu A. Pozdnyakova, Yu A. Molodtsova, and A. A. Zhdanov. "Application of size exclusion chromatography to the structural study of polyorganometallosiloxanes." Russian Chemical Bulletin 43, no. 6 (June 1994): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01558064.

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20

Lee, Young-Min, Donna M. Tscherne, Sang-Im Yun, Ilya Frolov, and Charles M. Rice. "Dual Mechanisms of Pestiviral Superinfection Exclusion at Entry and RNA Replication." Journal of Virology 79, no. 6 (March 15, 2005): 3231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.6.3231-3242.2005.

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ABSTRACT For many viruses, primary infection has been shown to prevent superinfection by a homologous second virus. In this study, we investigated superinfection exclusion of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a positive-sense RNA pestivirus. Cells acutely infected with BVDV were protected from superinfection by homologous BVDV but not with heterologous vesicular stomatitis virus. Superinfection exclusion was established within 30 to 60 min but was lost upon passaging of persistently infected cells. Superinfecting BVDV failed to deliver a translatable genome into acutely infected cells, indicating a block in viral entry. Deletion of structural protein E2 from primary infecting BVDV abolished this exclusion. Bypassing the entry block by RNA transfection revealed a second block at the level of replication but not translation. This exclusion did not require structural protein expression and was inversely correlated with the level of primary BVDV RNA replication. These findings suggest dual mechanisms of pestivirus superinfection exclusion, one at the level of viral entry that requires viral glycoprotein E2 and a second at the level of viral RNA replication.

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21

Rajé, F. "Engineering social exclusion? Poor transport links and severance." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 157, no. 4 (December 2004): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2004.157.4.267.

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22

Tchatoka, Firmin Doko. "SUBSET HYPOTHESES TESTING AND INSTRUMENT EXCLUSION IN THE LINEAR IV REGRESSION." Econometric Theory 31, no. 6 (November 17, 2014): 1192–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466614000462.

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This paper explores the sensitivity of plug-in subset tests to instrument exclusion in structural models. Identification-robust statistics based on the plug-in principle have been developed for testing hypotheses specified on subsets of the structural parameters. However, their robustness to instrument exclusion has not been investigated. This paper proposes an analysis of the asymptotic distributions of the limited information maximum likelihood (LIML) estimator and plug-in statistics when potential instruments are omitted. Our results provide several new insights and extensions of earlier studies. We show that the exclusion of instruments can eliminate the first-stage, thus weakening identification and invalidating the plug-in subset inference. However, when instrument omission does not affect LIML consistency, it preserves the plug-in subset test validity, although LIML is no longer asymptotically efficient. Unlike the instrumental variable (IV) estimator, the LIML estimator of the identified linear combination of the nuisance parameter is not asymptotically a Gaussian mixture, even without instrument exclusion.

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23

De Miguel-Luken, Verónica, and Livia García‐Faroldi. "Two Sides of the Coin: The Link Between Relational Exclusion and Socioeconomic Exclusion." Social Inclusion 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4526.

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Social capital, derived from the individual embeddedness in a net of personal relationships that gives access to a pool of potential resources, is crucial in understanding how some people experience a higher risk of falling into social exclusion. In this article, we related some compositional and structural factors of egocentered networks to various measures on economic deprivation and social exclusion. We considered different explanatory dimensions: ego’s sociodemographic characteristics and ego’s social capital. Social capital was measured both in terms of expressive and instrumental support, and took into account network size, strong ties density, and alters’ average job prestige, differentiating between inherited and achieved capital, a distinction that has deserved little attention so far. We used data from the Spanish General Social Survey 2013 (N = 5,094), a nationally representative database not applied for similar purposes up to the present. Results show how economic deprivation and social exclusion are associated with ascribed and achieved characteristics, both at the micro level (individual) and the meso level (network). At the micro level, women, immigrants, young people, less‐educated people, the unemployed, and those who do not trust others have higher estimated values on the variables with regards to social disadvantage. At the meso level, social exclusion is associated with lower occupational prestige of achieved relationships, fewer contacts for obtaining economic or medical help (but more contacts for childcare) and smaller non‐kin core discussion networks. In a familistic society with a limited welfare system, results help to disentangle the level of dependence people have on their own social resources.

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24

Dement'ev, Anatoliy, Evgeniy Podoplelov, and Nikita Lavrenyuk. "EXCLUSION OF ACCELERATED CORROSION WEAR BY REPLACING THE CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2021-1-1-27-28.

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A method of eliminating corrosion due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide by re placing the structural material with a material resistant to the effects of particularly aggressive envi ronments is considered

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25

Lee, Hyeon Jung. "Elderly Welfare Policies and Structural Exclusion of Aged Peasants in Reform China." Asia Review 8, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24987/snuacar.2018.08.8.1.75.

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26

Zhu, Fanyi, Brent L. Nannenga, and Mark A. Hayes. "Electrophoretic exclusion microscale sample preparation for cryo-EM structural determination of proteins." Biomicrofluidics 13, no. 5 (September 2019): 054112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5124311.

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27

Fu, Dax, and Min Lu. "The structural basis of water permeation and proton exclusion in aquaporins (Review)." Molecular Membrane Biology 24, no. 5-6 (January 2007): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687680701446965.

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Scheltens, Philip, Nick Fox, Frederik Barkhof, and Charles De Carli. "Structural magnetic resonance imaging in the practical assessment of dementia: beyond exclusion." Lancet Neurology 1, no. 1 (May 2002): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00002-9.

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Hamacher, K., G. Schmid, H. Sahm, and Ch Wandrey. "Structural heterogeneity of cellooligomers homogeneous according to high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 319 (January 1985): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)90567-9.

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30

Grimes, Brian A., Romas Skudas, Klaus K. Unger, and Dieter Lubda. "Pore structural characterization of monolithic silica columns by inverse size-exclusion chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1144, no. 1 (March 2007): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.007.

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31

Ilan, Boaz, Emad Tajkhorshid, Klaus Schulten, and Gregory A. Voth. "The mechanism of proton exclusion in aquaporin channels." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 55, no. 2 (March 5, 2004): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.20038.

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32

Dibben, P. "Transport, social exclusion and young people in rural England." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 156, no. 2 (June 2003): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2003.156.2.105.

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Brooks, Donald E., and Werner Müller. "Size-exclusion phases and repulsive protein-polymer interaction/recognition." Journal of Molecular Recognition 9, no. 5-6 (October 1996): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1352(199634/12)9:5/6<697::aid-jmr324>3.0.co;2-t.

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34

Abbott, Barbara. "THE HUMAN SEMANTIC POTENTIAL: SPATIAL LANGUAGE AND CONSTRAINED CONNECTIONISM.Terry Regier. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996. Pp. xvi + 220. $37.50 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19, no. 4 (December 1997): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s027226319722406x.

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The semantic potential referred to in the title of this book is the ability of humans to learn the (closed-class) terms for basic spatial relations, such as (for English) onto, above, and through. Regier presents a modified connectionist model of this ability designed to address three questions: (a) What kind of system can learn spatial terms? (b) How can this system function without negative evidence? and (c) What are the universal constraints on learnable spatial terms? The answers suggested to these questions are: (a) a modified connectionist network—one which incorporates structural constraints motivated by human physiology; (b) the assumption of mutual exclusion, that is, that different terms have mutually exclusive denotations; and (c) the structural constraints that are incorporated into the network.

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Tantri, Malini L. "India’s Plantations Labour Act and Inherent Structural Anomalies." Review of Development and Change 24, no. 2 (December 2019): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972266119886982.

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The article critically revisits the Plantations Labour Act (1951) and its amendments and discusses threads of anomalies inherent in its making over the years. While doing so, it discusses conflicts about the domain of plantation sector, institutional exclusion and components of social costs. It explores alternative policy options to reduce social welfare cost components of the sector so as to improve cost competitiveness of the industry along with protecting labour interest.

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Claus, Claudia, Wen-Pin Tzeng, Uwe G. Liebert, and Teryl K. Frey. "Rubella virus-induced superinfection exclusion studied in cells with persisting replicons." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83092-0.

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For the first time, homologous superinfection exclusion was documented for rubella virus (RUB) by using Vero cells harbouring persisting RUB replicons. Infection with wild-type RUB was reduced by tenfold, whereas Sindbis virus infection was unaffected. Replication following infection with packaged replicons and transfection with replicon transcripts was also restricted in these cells, indicating that restriction occurred after penetration and entry. Translation of such ‘supertransfecting’ replicon transcripts was not impaired, but no accumulation of supertransfecting replicon RNA could be detected. We tested the hypothesis favoured in the related alphaviruses that superinfection exclusion is mediated by cleavage of the incoming non-structural precursor by the pre-existing non-structural (NS) protease, resulting in an inhibition of minus-strand RNA synthesis. However, cleavage of a precursor translated from a supertransfecting replicon transcript with an NS protease catalytic-site mutation was not detected and the event in the replication cycle at which superinfection exclusion is executed remains to be elucidated.

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Muhammad, Tijjani, and Zanna Khalil. "The Role of Islamic Banks in Tackling Financial Exclusion in North-East Nigeria." Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/a102.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the level of financial exclusion in North-East Nigeria and determine the reasons and barriers behind the huge percentage of financial exclusion. The contemporary Islamic bank is considered as a solution to tackle financial exclusion. The paper uses a quantitative approach in which 2500 questionnaires were distributed out of which 2352 were received back from the respondents. The data was gathered and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, and descriptive, correlation and regression analyses. The findings revealed that awareness, literacy, and religiosity are considered as the key barriers to financial exclusion and the need of Islamic banks with Shariah-compliant products is highly felt to address religious motivation in North East Nigeria. Since Islamic banks are compliant with Shariah principles, the Nigerian government should facilitate the creation of more Islamic banks to tackle financial exclusion.

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Dawson, Emily. "Reimagining publics and (non) participation: Exploring exclusion from science communication through the experiences of low-income, minority ethnic groups." Public Understanding of Science 27, no. 7 (January 10, 2018): 772–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662517750072.

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This article explores science communication from the perspective of those most at risk of exclusion, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork. I conducted five focus groups and 32 interviews with participants from low-income, minority ethnic backgrounds. Using theories of social reproduction and social justice, I argue that participation in science communication is marked by structural inequalities (particularly ethnicity and class) in two ways. First, participants’ involvement in science communication practices was narrow (limited to science media consumption). Second, their experiences of exclusion centred on cultural imperialism (misrepresentation and ‘Othering’) and powerlessness (being unable to participate or change the terms of their participation). I argue that social reproduction in science communication constructs a narrow public that reflects the shape, values and practices of dominant groups, at the expense of the marginalised. The article contributes to how we might reimagine science communication’s publics by taking inclusion/exclusion and the effects of structural inequalities into account.

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Jung, Eunkyoung. "The Social Exclusion and Pauperization of Refugees Village in Bokhyeon 1-dong." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.489.

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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the multidimensional characteristics of poverty and social structural factors of social exclusion experienced by residents of the refugee village in Bokhyeon 1-dong. The result of field research and collecting oral data from residents are as follows. First, the pauperization of the refugee village in Bokhyeon 1-dong was the result of social exclusion due to social structural factors such as industrialization of Korean society and growth-oriented economic policies. Second, the pauperization in this area was investigated as a multidimensional social exclusion in which material deprivation, deprivation of educational opportunities, and deprivation of opportunities to enter the labor market were interrelated. Third, the residents of Bokhyeon 1-dong recognized relative poverty in conjunction with development. Residents felt poverty when their own residential environment and development, which were underdeveloped compared to the development of nearby areas, were frustrated. This study proposes practical improvements in urban development policies that can reduce relative poverty for urban poor people.

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Santibañez, Rosa, Natalia Flores, and Alba Martín. "Familia monomarental y riesgo de exclusión social." iQual. Revista de Género e Igualdad, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/iqual.307701.

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<div class="WordSection1"><p class="MUEXCLInormalCxSpFirst"><strong>Resumen</strong> La vida familiar se ha enfrentado a profundos cambios durante las últimas décadas experimentando transformaciones a nivel estructural, valorativo, actitudinal y funcional. En años recientes, especialmente a raíz de la crisis económica de 2008, el debate sobre la creciente desigualdad socioeconómica del mundo ha cobrado fuerza. Este debate se ha visto reforzado no sólo por concebir la pobreza desde una perspectiva económica sino también desde la social y de exclusión. Existen muy pocos estudios realizados en torno al tema de la monoparentalidad y la monomarentalidad. Este artículo se plantea con tres objetivos: Describir la evolución de los conceptos monoparental y monomarental, analizar su realidad y sus necesidades. Y finalmente, examinar la vinculación de la monomarentalidad con la exclusión social. La revisión constata la realidad creciente de estas familias junto a las necesidades vinculadas a las mismas y el riesgo de exclusión<strong>. </strong></p><p class="MUEXCLInormal"><strong>Abstract</strong> Family life has faced profound changes over recent decades, experiencing structural, evaluative, attitudinal and functional transformations. In recent years, especially as a result of the 2008 economic crisis, the debate over the growing socioeconomic inequality of the world has gained strength. This debate has been reinforced not only by conceiving poverty from an economic perspective but also from a social point of view of and as regards exclusion. There are very few studies on the issue of single parenthood and single motherhood. This article is presented with three objectives: to describe the evolution of the concepts single-parent and single-mother (Monoparental and Monomarental), to analyse their reality and their needs, and finally, to examine the link between single motherhood and social exclusion. The review notes the growing reality of these families together with the needs linked to them and the risk of exclusion.</p><p class="MUEXCLInormal"><strong>Keywords</strong> Monomarental, single parent, risk of social exclusion, family.</p></div><p class="MUEXCLInormal"> </p>

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Zou, Gang, Bo Zhang, Pei-Yin Lim, Zhiming Yuan, Kristen A. Bernard, and Pei-Yong Shi. "Exclusion of West Nile Virus Superinfection through RNA Replication." Journal of Virology 83, no. 22 (September 2, 2009): 11765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01205-09.

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ABSTRACT Superinfection exclusion is the ability of an established viral infection to interfere with a second viral infection. Using West Nile virus (WNV) as a model, we show that replicating replicons in BHK-21 cells suppress subsequent WNV infection. The WNV replicon also suppresses superinfections of other flaviviruses but not nonflaviviruses. Mode-of-action analysis indicates that the exclusion of WNV superinfection occurs at the step of RNA synthesis. The continuous culturing of WNV in the replicon-containing cells generated variants that could overcome the superinfection exclusion. The sequencing of the selected viruses revealed mutations in structural (prM S90R or envelope E138K) and nonstructural genes (NS4a K124R and peptide 2K V9M). Mutagenesis analysis showed that the mutations in structural genes nonselectively enhance viral infection in both naïve and replicon-containing BHK-21 cells; in contrast, the mutations in nonstructural genes more selectively enhance viral replication in the replicon-containing cells than in the naïve cells. Mechanistic analysis showed that the envelope mutation functions through the enhancement of virion attachment to BHK-21 cells, whereas the 2K mutation (and, to a lesser extent, the NS4a mutation) functions through the enhancement of viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, we show that WNV superinfection exclusion is reversible by the treatment of the replicon cells with a flavivirus inhibitor. The preestablished replication of the replicon could be suppressed by infecting the cells with the 2K mutant WNV but not with the wild-type virus. These results suggest that WNV superinfection exclusion is a result of competition for intracellular host factors that are required for viral RNA synthesis.

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Ko, Youn Jo, June Huh, and Won Ho Jo. "Ion exclusion mechanism in aquaporin at an atomistic level." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 70, no. 4 (September 25, 2007): 1442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.21696.

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Bragagnolo, Nicholas, and Gerald Audette. "Structural studies of TraG, the conjugative entry exclusion protein from the F-plasmid." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, a1 (August 2, 2020): a7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767320099924.

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Legrand, Tim. "The malign system in policy studies: strategies of structural and agential political exclusion." International Journal of Public Policy 16, no. 2/3/4 (2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpp.2022.124770.

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Legrand, Tim. "The malign system in policy studies: strategies of structural and agential political exclusion." International Journal of Public Policy 16, no. 2/3/4 (2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpp.2022.10049342.

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Parcej, David, Renate Guntrum, Sabine Schmidt, Andreas Hinz, and Robert Tampé. "Multicolour Fluorescence-Detection Size-Exclusion Chromatography for Structural Genomics of Membrane Multiprotein Complexes." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (June 25, 2013): e67112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067112.

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Largy, Eric, and Jean-Louis Mergny. "Shape matters: size-exclusion HPLC for the study of nucleic acid structural polymorphism." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 19 (August 20, 2014): e149-e149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku751.

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Van der Rest, Guillaume, and Frédéric Halgand. "Size Exclusion Chromatography-Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Coupling: a Step Toward Structural Biology." Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 28, no. 11 (September 20, 2017): 2519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13361-017-1810-0.

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Buckland, Jerry. "Structural Barriers, Financial Exclusion, and the Possibilities of Situated Learning for Financial Education." New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2014, no. 141 (March 2014): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ace.20081.

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Fuster-Ruiz de Apodaca, Maria Jose, Fernando Molero, Eneko Sansinenea, Francisco-Pablo Holgado, Alejandro Magallares, and Arrate Agirrezabal. "Perceived discrimination, self-exclusion and well-being among people with HIV as a function of lipodystrophy symptoms." Anales de Psicología 34, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.1.278851.

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This study examined the effects of perceived discrimination on the well-being of people with HIV and the mediating role of self-exclusion as a function of the participants' symptoms of lipodystrophy. An ex post facto study with a sample of 706 people with HIV was conducted. Self-perception of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, perceived discrimination, self-exclusion and psychological well-being were measured. Results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed participants could be categorized into three groups: no lipodystrophy, mixed syndrome with predominant lipoaccumulation and lipoatrophy. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that the negative effects of perceived discrimination on well-being were mediated to a large extent by self-exclusion. Invariance analysis revealed that the mediating role of self-exclusion was not the same in the three clusters. Complete mediation of self-exclusion in the groups without lipodystrophy and with predominant lipoaccumulation was confirmed. Regarding lipoatrophy, the negative effects of perceived discrimination were greater and only partly mediated by self-exclusion. In conclusion, having lipodystrophy exposed people to more discrimination; lipoatrophy was the most stigmatizing condition.

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