Dissertations / Theses: 'Structural Geology and Tectonics'

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McClay, K. R. "Structural geology and tectonics /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SD/09sdm126.pdf.

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Helman, Marc. "Tectonics of the Western Mediterranean." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d799ab4-d55f-4f58-92a6-1478dd14e5f3.

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The evolution of the Western Mediterranean takes place between the converging African and Eurasian plates, therefore the motion between them cannot be determined directly. The motion between them is the finite difference between the independent seafloor spreading systems in the Central and North Atlantic Oceans. Primary magnetic anomaly data from the North and Central Atlantic was reexamined. All Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anomalies (Anomaly 34 - Anomaly 2) were remapped. Fracture zones were remapped using bathymetic maps, topographic profiles from ship tracks, SEASAT altimetry (geoid deflection) data, and SEASAT derived gravity images. Fracture zones were used as the primary control for the determination of rotation parameters. Finite difference solutions were computed between matched anomalies using the newly determined rotation parameters for each ocean with parameters of Pindell et al. (1988) used for Early Cretaceous and Jurassic spreading in the Central Atlantic. The product was a kinematic model describing the motion of Africa with respect to Europe from 175 Ma to the present. The motion of Africa was seen to be much smoother and not marked by the sharp, unusual direction changes that characterized previous work. On a gross scale the motion could be divided into phases that correlated with major geological events, but on a smaller scale it was clear that relative motion between Africa and Eurasia did little more than set very broad boundary conditions within which a variety of geological events occurred. Africa's motion is divisible into several distince phases. From the Jurassic start of seafloor spreading until the Late Cretaceous Quiet Zone (KQZ) the motion between the plates was sinistral strike-slip. During the KQZ, but prior to Anomaly 34 (84 Ma, Campanian) Africa's motion changed to northeasterly directed compression. Shortly after Anomaly 30 (68 Ma), close to the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, until after Anomaly 24 (55 Ma, mid-Eocene) there was a period of little relative motion between the two plates. After Anomaly 24 strong relative motion recommenced between Africa and Eurasia. Africa continued on a trajectory between N and NNE until the Middle Miocene (Anomalies 5A - 5D) when motion became directed to the NW. Within the relative motion framework a model for the geological evolution of the Western Mediterranean Sea is evolved. Although the Western Mediterranean is a Neogene phenomena the history of the region prior to this time is also examined, albeit in less detail. Among the major problems for which solutions are suggested is the convergence direction of Iberia with respect to Europe and the reason extension initiated in the Tyrrhenian Sea.

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Thompson, Stephen C. "Active tectonics in the central Tien Shan, Kyrgyz Republic /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6744.

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Zahid, Khandaker Uddin Ashraf. "Provenance and basin tectonics of Oligocene-Miocene sequences of the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/ZAHID_KHANDAKER_14.pdf.

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White, Thomas West Steltenpohl Mark G. "Geology of the 1:24,000 Tallassee, Alabama, Quadrangle, and its implications for southern Appalachian tectonics." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Geology_and_Geography/Thesis/White_Thomas_41.pdf.

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Mandeville, Charles W. "Tectonics of the Ålen area, central Norway." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51906.

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Investigation of primary features preserved within the Tremadocian - Lower Ordovician Fundsj∅ Group indicate that the succession accumulated in a deepwater environment. The ca. 4-5 km thick Fundsj∅ Group exposed in the Ålen area is dominated by thin-bedded, terrigenous clastic metasediments which exhibit gradational contacts with mafic dominated bi-modal volcanics. Blastoporphyritic to blasto-ophitic diabase sills (0.5 - 3 m thick) compose ca. 20 - 30% of the metavolcanic Hersj∅ and Reitan Formations, and were emplaced as shallow intrusive units contemporaneous with volcanic activity. Localized preservation of relict coarse pyroclastic textured rocks and cIast-within-clast fragments attest to the occasional occurrence of phreatomagmatic explosions. Very thin-bedded, fine-grained amphibolite which exhibits mm scale planar parallel Iaminae and non-erosive contacts suggest deposition by marine fallout. Primary features preserved within the terrigenous clastic Gudå, Kjurudal, and Slågrov Formations indicate deposition by turbidity currents throughout the succession. A new stratigraphic correlation between the Dictyonema schist of the Nordaunevol locality, with the Kjurudal Fm. of this paper is proposed based on recent detailed mapping in the Ålen and southeast Haltdalen area. This correlation suggests that the Fundsj∅ Group is largely of Tremodocian - Lower Ordovician age. The lithofacies contained within the oldest (Gudå Fm.) to youngest (Slågrov Fm.) formations in the Fundsj∅ Group suggest that this succession represents an accumulation of syn-rift to post-rift sediments deposited oceanward of the hinge zone of the Baltoscandian continent.
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Elders, Christopher Frank. "Caledonian tectonics from stratigraphy and isotope geochemistry of lower palaeozoic successions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bf48a950-7ffb-4b58-bae3-915a2f7b5a94.

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The Southern Uplands of Scotland is interpreted as a Lower Palaeozoic accretionary complex which formed on the northern margin of the Iapetus Ocean. Seven conglomerates which contain detritus derived from the north-west, from sources on the Laurentian continental margin, were studied. Granite clasts in five of the conglomerates have distinct petrographic and geochemical characteristics which indicate that separate source areas supplied detritus to the Southern Uplands at different times. The Llandeilo Corsewall Point and Caradoc Glen Afton conglomerates, which occur in Tracts 1 and 2 of the Northern Belt, contain granite clasts that yield similar Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages (c. 1,200 Ma, 600-660 Ma and c. 475 Ma) and similar Sm-Nd model ages. This suggests that the clasts in the two conglomerates were derived from related sources. Some of the granite clasts in the early Ashgill Shinnel Formation conglomerate, which occurs in Tract 3 of the Northern Belt, resemble those in the Corsewall Point conglomerate, but most are petrographically and geochemically distinct, and yield younger Sm-Nd model ages. The lower Llandovery Pinstane Hill conglomerate occurs in Tract 4 of the Central Belt, and contains granitic detritus which yields a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 458 ± 26 Ma and has similar characteristics to the clasts in the Shinnel Formation conglomerate. The granite clasts in the Corsewall Point and Glen Afton conglomerates are of a different age to the granite intrusions of northern Scotland, and are unlikely to have been derived from this region. Conglomerates in the Midland Valley contain granite clasts with different petrographic and isotopic characteristics to those supplied to the Southern Uplands during the Llandeilo and Caradoc. However, north-west Newfoundland has a similar igneous history to that recorded by the Southern Uplands clasts, which could be derived from this region. The clasts supplied to the Shinnel Formation and Pinstane Hill conglomerates during the Ashgill and Llandovery have more in common with the granitic detritus in the Midland Valley. Thus, the Southern Uplands form a distinct Caledonian terrane which was south-east of Newfoundland in the Llandeilo, and was affected by sinistral strike-slip displacements during and after accretion.

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Van, Gestel Jean-Paul. "Structure and tectonics of the Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands platform and multi-confirguration ground penetrating radar data /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Gleason, James Donald. "Paleozoic tectonics and sediment sources of the Ouachita fold belt, Arkansas-Oklahoma and West Texas: An isotopic and trace element geochemical study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186844.

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Ordovician through Pennsylvanian strata of the Ouachita and Marathon sedimentary sequences show correlated Nd-Sr isotopic relations, Th/Sc ratios and REE patterns typical of evolved upper crustal sources, indicating that the 2000 km long Ouachita-Marathon fold belt consists primarily of recycled crustal materials. wi thin this sequence, Nd isotopes distinguish three distinct provenance groups: 1) Lower to Middle Ordovician hemipelagites and quartzose turbidites with ε(Nd)(t) = -13 to -16 (T(DM) = 1.8 to 2.1 Ga); 2) Upper Ordovician through Pennsylvanian hemipelagites and quartzolithic turbidites with ε(Nd)(t) = -6 to -10 (TOM = 1.4 to 1.7 Ga); 3) Mississippian tuffs with ε(Nd)(t) = -2 (TOM = 1.1 Ga). These data record a rapid Ordovician (ca. 450 Ma) shift in sedimentary sources within the off-shelf passive-margin sequence of deep-marine cherts and shales. Ouachita Silurian turbidites (ε(Nd) = -7 to -8) are isotopically identical to Middle Ordovician Taconic turbidites of the Sevier basin (Tellico Formation) in eastern Tennessee (ε(Nd) = -7 to -8), suggesting that Appalachian clastic wedges supplied Ouachita deep-sea turbidites beginning in the Late Ordovician. Pennsylvanian non-marine sandstones and shales from the Arkoma, Illinois, and Black Warrior basins have ε(Nd) = -7.5 to -10.0, similar to the thick (>10-12 km) Ouachita Carboniferous turbidite flysch sequence (ε(Nd) -7.5 to -9.6). The remarkable isotopic homogeneity of sediments delivered to the Ouachita-Appalachian region over this period implies extremely effective mixing and dispersal processes on a large (continent-wide) scale, consistent with a collisional belt provenance. A long-lived (ca. 150 Ma) tectonic link between the Appalachians and Ouachitas is thus implied by these data. Mississippian silicic ash-flow tuffs have trace-element and Nd isotopic compositions consistent with a continental-margin arc source. The active volcanic arc which erupted these tuffs apparently extended at least 1000 km from the Ouachita region to south of the Marathon region, but did not supply a significant component of the flysch. The data are consistent with submarine fan models of Ouachita flysch sedimentation demonstrating dominantly longitudinal transport down the axis of a Carboniferous remnant ocean basin from sources to the east. A model is proposed for the evolving Ouachita-Marathon suture between Laurentia and Gondwana, expanding upon Graham et a1. (1975), whereby dominantly Appalachian-derived seafloor detritus was swept up along the flanks of an approaching arc-trench system into sUbduction complexes and recycled incrementally along the length of the collision zone into the Marathon region.

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Buckman, Solomon. "Tectonics and mineralization of West Junggar, NW China." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43894306.

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Salomón-Mora, Luis Enrique. "Structure and tectonics of the salt and shale provinces, Western Gulf of Mexico." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211320.

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The Western Gulf of Mexico has been researched over an area of about 30,000 km2 based on recently acquired 2D and 3D seismic data tied to onshore and offshore exploratory wells. Accordingly, geology, plate tectonic evolution and petroleum systems have been described. Similarly, a new stratigraphic and structural framework has been proposed for the western passive margin characterised by gravity tectonics and a regional linked system of landward extension, intermediate salt and shale tectonics, and basinward contractional tectonic provinces. The regional extensional-contractional system, specifically the Western Salt province, has been investigated in detail to distinguish between salt and shale-related deformation considering criteria on seismic signature and mechanisms of deformation. Twelve seismic horizons, faults and salt polygons were mapped and depth converted. Moreover, structural styles and geometries of growth strata were analysed and combined with balance and restoration of cross-sections to interpret age of tectonic-structural deformation and timing of formation of potential hydrocarbon traps. As a result of this analysis, it was determined a tectonic evolution where extensional systems prograded basinward from the late Oligocene to the present time synchronously, in part, with contractional folding systems, overprinting deformation in some sectors. Total extension exceeds total contraction by up to 50-100% approximately, in particular out of the influence of salt tectonics. This and other structural parameters were compared with analogous salt and shale passive margins. This research demonstrated that deformation in this salt province was preferably evacuated to shallow allochthonous salt, leaving welded salt feeders and salt-based detachments. It is proposed that the autochthonous salt basin occupied an area less extensive than previously suggested, reaching a maximum thickness of 1500 m. Finally, structural-sedimentary interplay and hydrocarbon prospectivity of dominant salt and shale-related structures have been discussed. Future exploratory activities have been recommended based on findings and conclusions of this research.

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Hill, Joseph Christopher. "Structural geology and tectonics of the paleoproterozoic rocks of the Mount Rushmore Quadangle, Black Hills, Souh Dakota." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4456.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Fay, Noah Patrick. "Kinematics and dynamics of the Pacific-North American plate boundary in the western United States /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1280144291&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-140). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Zhang, Jian. "Structural geology of the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping mountain belt implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557595.

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Blatchford, Hannah Jane. "The Structural Evolution Of A Portion Of The Median Batholith And Its Host Rock In Central Fiordland, New Zealand: Examples Of Partitioned Transpression And Structural Reactivation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/635.

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This thesis presents the results of structural analyses and detailed field mapping from a region near Adams Burn in central Fiordland, New Zealand. The region preserves assemblages of metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks deposited, intruded, and ultimately metamorphosed and deformed during the growth of a Gondwana-margin continental arc from Cambrian-Early Cretaceous. Evidence of arc growth is preserved in the Late Devonian-Early Cretaceous Median Batholith, a belt of intrusive rock whose growth culminated with the emplacement of the Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO) into the middle-lower crust of the margin. Following this magmatic flare-up, the margin experienced Late Cretaceous extensional orogenic collapse and rifting. During the Late Tertiary, the margin records oblique convergence that preceded the Alpine fault. The history of arc growth and record of changing tectonic and deformational regimes makes the area ideal for study of structural reactivation during multiple cycles of magmatism, metamorphism and deformation, including during a mid-lower crust magma flare-up. Structural and lithologic mapping, structural analyses, and cross-cutting relationships between superposed structures and three intrusions were used to bracket the relative timing of four tectonic events (D1-D4), spanning the Paleozoic to the Tertiary. The oldest event (D1) created a composite fabric in the metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of the Irene Complex and Jaquiery granitoid gneiss prior to emplacement of the Carboniferous Cozette pluton. S1 foliation development, set the stage for structural reactivation during the second phase of deformation (D2), where S1 was folded and reactivated via intra-arc shearing. These second-phase structures were coeval with the emplacement of the Misty pluton, (part of WFO in central Fiordland), and record crustal thickening and deformation involving a kinematically partitioned style of transpression. Arc-normal displacements were localized into the rocks of the Irene Complex. Oblique displacements were localized along the Misty-Cozette plutonic contact, forming a ≥1 km-wide, upper amphibolite-facies gneissic shear zone that records sinistral-reverse offset. Second-phase structures are cross-cut by widespread leucocratic pegmatite dikes. S2 in the Cozette and Misty plutons is reactivated by localized, ≤10 m-thick, greenschist-facies (ultra)mylonitic shear zones that record sinistral-normal offsets. S3/L3 shear zones and lithologic contacts were then reactivated by two episodes of Tertiary, fourth-phase faulting compatible with Alpine faulting, everywhere truncating the pegmatite dikes. Early faults accommodated shortening normal to the Alpine fault, and were obliquely reactivated by a younger population of faults during dextral transpression. My results show that structural reactivation occurred repeatedly after D1, and that structural inheritance played a key role in the geometry, distribution, and kinematics of younger deformation events throughout the arc's history. The sheeted emplacement of the Misty pluton was accompanied, and possibly facilitated, by a system of partitioned transpression during Early Cretaceous crustal thickening and arc magmatism. These results show that transpression helped accommodate and move magma through the middle and lower crust during the flare-up. This conclusion is important for the study of continental arcs globally, as evidence of deformation during high-flux magmatism at lower crustal depths (~40 km) is rarely preserved and exhumed to the surface.

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Crowley, James L. Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "U-Pb geochronology in Frenchman Cap dome of the Monashee complex, southern Canadian Cordillera; early Tertiary tectonic overprint of a Proterozoic history." Ottawa, 1997.

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Valentino, David W. "Tectonics of the lower Susquehhanna River region, southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Maryland: late proterozoic rifting to late paleozoic dextral transpression." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30108.

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Leung, Wing-hang Allen. "Metamorphism of the Helanshan Complex implications for the tectonic evolution of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41634160.

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Hansman, Reuben. "Constraining the Uplift History of the Al Hajar Mountains, Oman." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133409.

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Mountain building is the result of large compressional forces in the Earth’s crust where two tectonic plates collide. This is why mountains only form at plate boundaries, of which the Al Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates is thought to be an example of. These mountains have formed near the Arabian–Eurasian convergent plate boundary where continental collision began by 30 Ma at the earliest. However, the time at which the Al Hajar Mountains developed is less well constrained. Therefore, the timing of both the growth of the mountains, and the Arabian–Eurasian collision, needs to be understood first to be able to identify a correlation. Following this a causal link can be determined. Here we show, using apatite fission track and apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He dating, as well as stratigraphic constraints, that the Al Hajar Mountains were uplifted from 45 Ma to 15 Ma. We found that the mountains developed 33 Myr to 10 Myr earlier than the Arabian–Eurasian plate collision. Furthermore, the plate collision is ongoing, but the Al Hajar Mountains are tectonically quiescent. Our results indicate that the uplift of the Al Hajar Mountains cannot be correlated in time to the Arabian–Eurasian collision. Therefore the Al Hajar Mountains are not the result of this converging plate boundary.

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Martínez, Granado Pablo. "Inversion Tectonics in the Alpine Foreland, Eastern Alps (Austria)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/435684.

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In this thesis, the 3D structure and kinematics of the locally and mildly inverted Lower Austria Mesozoic Basin beneath the Alpine-Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt is described. This study has been carried out by the integrative interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic surveys, well and geophysical logs data and gravity maps. A basin-scale, 3D structural model has been carried out, focused on the sub-thrust and foreland zones. The Late Eocene to Early Miocene Alpine–Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt resulted from the subduction of the European plate beneath the Adriatic one, and the subsequent continental collision between both plates. The Alpine–Carpathian foredeep and fold-and-thrust belt recorded the long-lasting involvement of the European crystalline basement in several deformation events: from late Variscan transtension, to Jurassic rifting, and Cretaceous to Neogene shortening. In this thesis, two additional basement fault reactivation events have been defined in relation to the Alpine-Carpathian Cenozoic shortening: an extensional reactivation event related to the bending of the European plate coeval with Egerian to Karpatian (ca. 28–16 Ma) thin-skinned thrusting; followed by the selective positive inversion of the basement faults in the sub-thrust and in the foreland during Karpatian to Badenian times (ca. 16-12.5 Ma). The flexural bending of the European plate and the associated extensional fault reactivation were promoted by high lateral gradients of lithospheric strength in addition to the slab pull forces associated with subduction. Delamination of the European lithosphere during the final stages of collision around Karpatian times (ca. 16 Ma) promoted a large-wavelength uplift and an excessive topographic load. This topographic load was compensated by broadening the orogenic wedge through the compressional reactivation of the inherited fault array in the Euroepan plate beneath and ahead of the thin-skinned thrust system. Ultimately, collapse and deep burial of the Alpine-Carpathian tectonic wedge took place by the formation of the Pannonian basins system. To gain further insights in the deformational processes in sub-thrust and foreland settings, sandbox analogue models of brittle and brittle-viscous sand wedges have been carried out. The models aimed testing the influence of different topographic loads (i.e., thrust wedges) on the sub-thrust inversion of extensional basins, as well as the influence of the initial orientation of the extensional basins, and the presence or absence of weak detachment layers. Segmented half-graben basins -striking at 90º, 45º and 15º to the extension direction- were created first, and then shortened using different angles for the basal detachment and topographic slope. A shallow layer of viscous polymer over the half- graben basin was included in one of the models. The experiments were analysed using time-lapse photography, topography laser scans and image-based 3D voxels. The modelling results indicate a deformation sequence characterised by layer-parallel compaction, fault reactivation, thrust propagation and related folding. Fault reactivation and basin inversion were associated with layer-parallel compaction accomplished by slip along the basal detachment, prior to and in between pulses of thrusting. The results of the sandbox analogue models reveal a fundamental control imposed by the vertical load of the tectonic wedge and its integrated strength profile in the inversion of sub-thrust basins. Small vertical loads or strong gradients of vertical load have revealed as fundamental factors aiding in the inversion of buried, sub-thrust basins. The integrated strength profile resulted from the combination of inherited, strain-softened fault zones, as well as the presence or absence and distribution of weak, viscous horizons. The results of the sandbox models carried out indicate that the vertical load, its gradient over the sub-thrust basins and the inherited, strain-softened faults, are more important than the obliquity between the direction of shortening and the orientation of pre-existing fault systems. As indicated by the results of sandbox analogue models, the recurrent and long-lasting frictional reactivation of the Lower Austria basement fault array may have been favoured by fault-weakening mechanisms, as well as by steep gradients of vertical loads generated by thin-skinned out- of-sequence stacking of the Rhenodanubian Flysch located south of the inverted basement fault array.

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Doerr, John Timothy. "The structural controls of the Vale Rhinehart Buttes complex, Vale KGRA, Malheur County, Oregon." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3585.

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The Vale KGRA is characterized by high heat flow, two to five times higher than the worldwide average, and by numerous hot springs. The hot springs are aligned along faults. This phenomena is typical of a Basin and Range type geothermal system. The hot geothermal fluids migrate upward along the more permeable, fault planes. The rocks exposed in the Vale area are the Pliocene Chalk Butte formation and the Pleistocene beds of Captain Keeney Pass. Both units are composed of volcaniclastic siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates. The units are differentiated by color, texture and degree of lithification. About 200 meters of the Chalk Butte formation and 100 meters of the beds of Captain Keeney Pass are exposed in the area. Silicification is wide spread in the rocks of the Chalk Butte formation.

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Zhang, Jian, and 張健. "Structural geology of the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping mountain belt: implications for the tectonic evolution ofthe Trans-North China Orogen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557595.

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Wilson, Paul. "Structural geology, tectonic history and fault zone microstructures of the Upper palaeozoic Maritimes Basin, southern New Brunswick." Restricted access (UM), 2006. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of New Brunswick, Dept. of Geology, 2006.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 25, 2010) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 299-321). Also issued in print.

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Parks, Jane Elizabeth. "Crustal evolution of Grenville terranes in the central and southern Appalachians : the Pb isotope perspective for Grenville tectonics /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063235/.

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Hines, Frederick Michael. "The sedimentation, tectonics and stratigraphy of the cretaceous/tertiary sequence of northwest Santander, northern Spain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d1f8c32-9fd3-44a5-ba6a-d963fa9868c0.

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The facies evolution of the Cretaceous/Tertiary sequence of NW Santander is considered in relation to the Cretaceous rifting and drifting, and Tertiary partial closure of the Bay of Biscay. Overlying the Palaeozoic basement are the fluvial Lower Triassic Buntersandstone and Upper Triassic Keuper evaporitic mudstone, deposited in a failed rift, extensional basin. Overlying Lower Jurassic carbonates are the syn-rift, continental elastics of the Vealden deposited in halfgrabens cut by transfer faults. The Vealden consists of two formations:- the lower, arenaceous-rich Barcena Mayor Fm. (braided stream environment) and the upper, argillaceous-rich Vega de Pas Fm. (meandering river). Overlying it is the Aptian Umbrera Fm. (calcarenite sheet), the Patrocinio Fm. (shoaling-up ward sandstone/marl alternation), the San Esteban Fm. (requienid/foraminiferal biomicrite of the internal platform) and the marls of the Rodezas Fm. The Upper Aptian Reocin Fm. is a requienid/foraminiferal biomicrite with thinned calcarenites deposited over active, diapiric palaeohighs. After initial marine and then equant calcite (meteoric phreatic) cementation, invasion of meteoric-derived groundwater over palaeohighs generated lenses of sucrosic dolomite in the Reocin Fm. Local mixing of further groundwater and Keuper-derived, sulphate-rich waters in karstic caverns precipitated sparry, baroque dolomite and Pb/Zn sulphides (by bacterial sulphate reduction). The clastic Lower Albian is a transgressive fluvial/estuarine/inner shelf sequence with tidal estuarine channels and sandwaves. The Middle/Upper Albian (syn-drift) has basal calcarenitic tidal sandwaves and is followed by storm/wave-reworked carbonates deposited on a homoclinal ramp. The clastic Lower Cenomanian is an estuarine/inner shelf deposit with tidal sandwaves and sandbars. The Middle/Upper Cenomanian is a storm/tide-dominated calcarenite. Outer shelf marls occur in the Turonian to Middle Campanian and the Upper Campanian to Middle Eocene is a sandy, foraminiferal inner shelf limestone. The Upper Eocene/Oligocene (syn-compression) is a carbonate slope-apron-reefal flysch deposit. It includes hemipelagic marl, neritic-derived calcarenitic turbidites and rudaceous mass flow deposits with highly polymict conglomerates. These were deposited coevally with Keuper piercement and thrust reactivation and date the Pyrenean compressional deformation here.

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Medema, Guy Frederick. "Juan de Fuca subducting plate geometry and intraslab seismicity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6828.

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Ng, Wai-pan, and 吳維斌. "The origin and emplacement of the Akamas massif, W Cyprus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45996192.

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Robertson, Peter Benjamin. "Part I| Neoacadian to Alleghanian foreland basin development and provenance in the central appalachian orogen, pine mountain thrust sheet Part II| Structural configuration of a modified Mesozoic to Cenozoic forearc basin system, south-central Alaska." Thesis, Purdue University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565119.

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Foreland and forearc basins are large sediment repositories that form in response to tectonic loading and lithospheric flexure during orogenesis along convergent plate boundaries. In addition to their numerous valuable natural resources, these systems preserve important geologic information regarding the timing and intensity of deformation, uplift and erosion history, and subsidence history along collisional margins, and, in ancient systems, may provide more macroscopic information regarding climate, plate motion, and eustatic sea level fluctuations. This thesis presents two studies focused in the Paleozoic Appalachian foreland basin system along the eastern United States and in the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Matanuska forearc basin system in south-central Alaska.

Strata of the Appalachian foreland basin system preserve the dynamic history of orogenesis and sediment dispersal along the east Laurentian margin, recording multiple episodes of deformation and basin development during Paleozoic time. A well-exposed, >600 m thick measured stratigraphic section of the Pine Mountain thrust sheet at Pound Gap, Kentucky affords one of the most complete exposures of Upper Devonian through Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the basin. These strata provide a window into which the foreland basin's development during two major collisional events known as the Acadian-Neoacadian and the Alleghanian orogenies can be observed. Lithofacies analysis of four major sedimentary successions observed in hanging wall strata record the upward transition from (1) a submarine deltaic fan complex developed on a distal to proximal prodelta in Late Devonian to Middle Mississippian time, to (2) a Middle to Late Mississippian carbonate bank system developed on a slowly subsiding, distal foreland ramp, which was drowned by (3) Late Mississippian renewed clastic influx to a tidally influenced, coastal deltaic complex to fluvial delta plain system unconformably overlain by (4) a fluvial braided river complex. Four samples of Lower Mississippian to Middle Pennsylvanian sandstone were collected from the hanging wall (n = 3) and footwall (n = 1) of the Pine Mountain thrust sheet at Pound Gap to determine sediment provenance in this long-lived foreland basin system. Paleocurrent indicators considered in the context of the regional foreland basin system suggest transverse regional drainage during the development of Early and Late Mississippian delta complexes. Eustatic fall during the early stages of the Alleghanian orogeny to the east saw a shift in regional drainage with the development of a southwestward-flowing and axial braided river system in Early Pennsylvanian time followed by Middle Mississippian transgression of a fluvio-deltaic complex. Detrital zircon U-Pb age data from Lower Mississippian to Lower Pennsylvanian sandstone support regional interpretations of sediment sourcing from probably recycled foreland basin strata along the east Laurentian margin, whereas compositionally immature Middle Pennsylvanian sediment was sourced by a limited distribution of east Laurentia sources reflecting thrust belt migration into the adjacent foreland basin system during Alleghanian orogenesis.

In addition, the stratigraphy of the foreland basin system in the central Appalachian basin is significantly different compared to the stratigraphic record that is typified for foreland basin systems and suggests that the Carboniferous Appalachian foreland basin system investigated in this study does not fit the typical foreland basin model that is used widely today for both ancient and modern systems. Possible factors that produce the observed discrepancies between the central Appalachian and typical foreland basin systems may include differences in the timing, type, and frequency of orogenic events leading to foreland basin development, related variations in the rheology of the underlying lithosphere, and whether forebulge migration is mechanically static or mobile.

The Cordilleran margin of south-central Alaska is an area of active convergence where the Pacific plate is being subducted at a low angle beneath the North American plate. In the Matanuska Valley of south-central Alaska, the geology of the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Matanuska forearc basin system records a complex collisional history along the margin from Cretaceous to Miocene time and provides an opportunity to study how shallow-angle subduction affects upper plate processes. Paleocene-Eocene low-angle subduction of an eastward migrating spreading ridge and Oligocene oceanic plateau subduction caused uplift, deformation, and slab window magmatic intrusion and volcanism in the Matanuska Valley region, thereby modifying the depositional environment and structure of the forearc system. In this study, detailed field mapping in the Matanuska Valley region and structural analysis of Paleocene-Eocene nonmarine sedimentary strata are utilized to better understand the structural response of the forearc basin system to multi-stage flat-slab subduction beneath an accreted continental margin, a process observed along multiple modern convergent margins. Four geologic maps and structural cross-sections from key areas along the peripheries of the Matanuska Valley area and one regional cross-section across the forearc system are presented to delineate its local structural configuration and to contribute to a more complete understanding of how sedimentary and tectonic processes along modern convergent margins may be or have been impacted by shallow-angle type and related subduction processes.

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Janecke, Susanne Ursula 1959. "Structural geology and tectonic history of the Geesaman Wash area, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558061.

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Campbell, Lorraine M. "Basin analysis and tectonic evolution of the Esk Trough in southeast Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18382.pdf.

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Sanchez, Alvarez Jaime Orlando. "Structural and stratigraphic evolution of Shira Mountains, central Ucayali Basin, Peru." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2077.

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Engin, Can. "STRUCTURAL ARCHITECTURE AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE ULUKISLA SEDIMENTARY BASIN IN SOUTH-CENTRAL TURKEY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1387284224.

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33

López, Mir Berta. "Extensional salt tectonics in the Cotiella post-rift basin (south-central Pyrenees): 3D structure and evolution." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132321.

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The Cotiella Massif in the southern Pyrenees constitutes a seismic-scale exposure of an extensional basin developed during the Late Cretaceous by the gravity-driven collapse of the post-rift platform above Upper Triassic salt. The internal structure is dominated by four main middle Coniacian-early Santonian sub-basins with large rollover anticlines. They involve the carbonates of the post-rift succession which unconformably overlies the Lower Cretaceous syn-rift basins. The extensional faults are only partially inverted despite is transported tens of kilometres southwards in the Pyrenean nappes. Data presented in this Thesis reveal that the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin has not only been controlled by the growth of extensional faults above salt, but also by the rising and falling of diapirs, as well as by salt migration and the development of transfer faults. At late Santonian, the extensional faults were partially inverted, salt was expulsed and salt welds were produced, leaving little trace of the original salt volume. Even though, the extensional features are outstandingly preserved. The excellent exposures offer a unique opportunity to investigate in outcrop the structure and infilling of a post-rift salt basin and gain insight into the understanding of other salt-involved passive margins. Thus, the main purposes of the Thesis are twofold: 1) describe the structure and the facies distribution of the inverted Cotiella basin with more detail than existing works and 2) decipher the role of salt tectonics in its development. To reach these objectives, the structure has been investigated through geological mapping and structural field data acquisition, integrated with a three-dimensional (3D) 1:5.000 digital terrain model. A surface-data based 3D reconstruction; cross-sections along strike and across strike, interpretation of oblique photographs. The middle Coniacian – early Santonian succession has been sub-divided into litostratigraphic units which make the investigation of the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Cotiella basin possible. The data presented is compared with similar structures of the world and the given interpretations are validated with sequential restorations of the salt structures. Ultimately, a structural evolutionary model of the Cotiella basin is proposed.

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Phillips, Glen. "The tectonic history of the Ruker Province, southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica : implications for Gondwana and Rodinia /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003263.

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WUST, STEPHEN LOUIS. "TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PIONEER STRUCTURAL COMPLEX, PIONEER MOUNTAINS, CENTRAL IDAHO (CORE, DETACHMENT, EXTENSION)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183813.

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The Pioneer Mountains of Idaho expose a lower plate core of Precambrian and Ordovician metasedimentary rocks, which are intruded by Cretaceous and Eocene plutonic bodies. The core is separated by a detachment fault from a surrounding upper plate of Paleozoic and Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic units. The detachment system developed during a Tertiary extensional event which overprinted Paleozoic and Mesozoic east-directed compressional features, and exhibits both brittle and ductile (mylonitic) deformation. Stretching lineations in the mylonite and striations along the detachment surface both cluster around N65W. Composite planar fabrics (s- and c-surfaces) in the mylonite and limited development of a mylonitic front along the NW side of the core both suggest a top-to-the-west sense of shear. Minimum translation is estimated at about 17 km. The Pioneer structural complex is one of a number of metamorphic core complexes present along the North American Cordillera. All exhibit Tertiary extensional deformation, expressed as detachment faults structurally adjacent to ductile mylonitic shear zones. Extension directions, as indicated by stretching lineations within mylonite and striations along detachment faults, fall into regional groups in which the directions are similar in trend throughout each group. Asymmetric fabrics on both small and large scales give senses of shear and indicate that tectonic vergence within each group is directed outward from a central axis. The regional consistency of extension directions implies a regional control of extension in metamorphic core complexes. Much of central Idaho, and possibly a large part of eastern Idaho as well, may be riding on the upper part of an extensive detachment terrane, of which the Pioneer complex exposes the deeper levels. The Pioneer complex, and other core complexes, owes its present elevation to isostatic uplift over an overthickened crustal welt of local scale. Larger-scale uplift may be due to a similar isostatic adjustment over a broad zone of crustal thickening from Mesozoic compressional tectonics and intrusion.

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Ahern, Alexandra Anne. "Lineations and Structural Mapping of Io's Paterae and Mountains: Implications for Internal Stresses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6201.

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Io, the most volcanically active body in the solar system, also has some of the tallest and steepest mountains. The mountains seem to be tectonic in origin, yet the methods of their formation have not been decisively constrained and their associations with volcanic paterae are yet unclear. We have compiled global spatial statistics on mountain dimensions and orientations, lineations attributed to structures, straight patera margins, and patera dimensions in order to better define their genetic relationships and the mechanisms forming each type of feature. Additionally, we have produced 4 regional structural maps of mountain complexes and have proposed tectonic histories. Global statistics show that paterae and mountains and their associated lineations are more common at low latitudes and that lineations attributed to tectonics have preferred azimuths of 45° and 135°, whereas straight patera margins and azimuths appear more random. Additionally, tectonic lineations tend to cluster to those of similar types and are smaller when closer together. Mountains in general on Io are isolated, varied in size and shape, and have no significant geographic patterns in those variations. These results may indicate that global-scale processes are involved in forming Io's tectonic structures, but that the diversity of mountain characteristics and the collapse of paterae adjacent to mountain complexes may be more regionally controlled. Mapping of the Hi'iaka, Shamshu, Tohil, and Zal regions has shown that Io's mountains reside in large, faulted-bounded crustal blocks, which have undergone modification through local responses of subsurface structures. Strike-slip motion along reactivated faults has led to the formation of both transpressional and transtensional features, creating tall peaks and low basins, some of which are now occupied by paterae. Subsurface structures play a large role in Io's mountain diversity. Based on interpretation of statistical results and on our localized mapping, we propose that Io's mountains result from a combination of crustal stresses involving both global and local-scale processes. Multiple faults and fractures in a variety of orientations formed in Io's lithosphere, created over billions of years by stresses imposed by volcanic loading and tidal flexing. These faults have been progressively buried over time under multiple layers of volcanic material. Stresses continuing from loading and tidal massaging sometimes occur at oblique angles to pre-existing faults, reactivating them as reverse, normal, or strike-slip faults. Because of this, large, cohesive fault-bounded blocks have undergone both transpressional and transtensional modification. Further degradation of mountains has also occurred from extensive mass wasting, gravitational collapse, and erosion by sublimation and sapping of sulfur-rich layers within the crust. This model of fault-bounded blocks being modified by continual stresses and local structural response accounts for the variation and patterns of mountain sizes, shapes, and orientations, along with their isolation and interactions with other features. It presents an explanation for the influence of global and regional tectonics and a more detailed account of the formation of some of Io's remarkable mountains.

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Harms, Tekla Ann, and Tekla Ann Harms. "STRUCTURAL AND TECTONIC ANALYSIS OF THE SYLVESTER ALLOCHTHON, NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOGEOGRAPHY AND ACCRETION." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187539.

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In northern British Columbia, the Sylvester Allochthon of the Slide Mountain terrane is the most inboard of Cordilleran suspect terranes, resting as a vast klippe upon miogeoclinal strata of the Cassiar Platform. The Sylvester is oceanic; it comprises gabbro, pillowed and massive basalt, banded chert, carbonate, argillite, ultramafics and minor arenite, which range in age from Late Devonian to Late Triassic. Internal structure in the Sylvester Allochthon is characterized as a stack of innumerable interleaved tectonic slices, bounded by subhorizontal, layer-parallel faults. These lithotectonic units are an order of magnitude smaller than the terrane itself and may consist of only a single or a few repeated rock types. The internal structure of the Sylvester is complex but not chaotic; small numbers of slices occur together in larger second-order packages which are also fault-bounded and lensoidal. However, tectonic juxtaposition of unrelated lithologies and older-over-younger faults are common. The "stratigraphy" of the Sylvester assemblage is thus tectonic. Sliver-bounding faulting within the Sylvester is known to have, at least in part, predated its post-Triassic, pre-mid Cretaceous emplacement. The Sylvester was emplaced onto North America as the roof thrust to a foreland-style duplex within underlying North American strata. vii viii The Sylvester Allochthon is the most inboard of accreted terranes, however it does not represent a simple marginal basin. New microfossil dating demonstrates that most rock types occur through the complete range of Sylvester ages. Coeval but depositionally incompatable lithologies must have accumulated in separate ocean floor paleoenvironments. Lithologies of the allochthon derive almost exclusively from layer 1, only the surface of oceanic crust. Thus, Sylvester slices are telescoped remnants detached from a vast area of ocean crust which ranged in age and width through the upper Paleozoic but which is now otherwise entirely consumed. Similarities of rock type, internal structure, age range, and regional tectonic setting have identified the Sylvester Allochthon as broadly correlative with a discontinuous series of terranes extending the length of the Cordillera. Together, these terranes may represent the remnants of what was once the late Paleozoic proto-Pacific ocean floor.

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Murphy, Michael J. "Geophysical investigation of the tectonic and volcanic history of the Nauru Basin, Western Pacific /." Electronic version, 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/murphym/michaelmurphy.html.

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39

Centeno-García, Elena. "Tectonic evolution of the Guerrero terrane, western Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186665.

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The Guerrero terrane of western Mexico is characterized by an Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary sequence of arc affinity. The arc assemblage rests unconformably on partially metamorphosed rocks of possible Triassic-Jurassic age. These "basement units," the Arteaga and Placeres Complexes and the Zacatecas Formation, are composed of deformed turbidites, basalts, volcanic-derived graywackes, and blocks of chert and limestone. Sandstones from the basement units are mostly quartzitic and have a recycled orogen-subduction complex provenance. They have negative ᵋNdi (-5 to -7), model Nd ages of 1.3 Ga., and enrichment in light REE, indicating that they were supplied from an evolved continental crust. The volcanic graywackes are derived from juvenile sources (depleted in LREE and ᵋNd = +6), though they represent a small volume of sediments. Primary sources for these turbidites might be the Grenville belt or NW South America. Basement rocks in western North America are not suitable sources because they are more isotopically evolved. Igneous rocks from the basement units are of MORB affinity (depleted LREE and ᵋNdi = +10 to +6). The Jurassic(?)-Cretaceous arc volcanic rocks have ᵋNdi (+7.9 to +3.9) and REE patterns similar to those of evolved intraoceanic island arcs. Sandstones related to the arc assemblage are predominantly volcaniclastic. These sediments have positive ᵋNdi values (+3 to +6) and REE with IAV-affinity. The Guerrero terrane seems to be characterized by two major tectonic assemblages. The Triassic-Middle Jurassic "basement assemblage" that corresponds to an ocean-floor assemblage with sediments derived from continental sources, and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous arc assemblage formed in an oceanic island arc setting. During the Laramide orogeny the arc was placed against nuclear Mexico. Then, the polarity of the sedimentation changed from westward to eastward, and sediments derived from the arc-assemblage flooded nuclear Mexico. This process marks the "continentalization" of the Guerrero terrane, which on average represents a large addition of juvenile crust to the western North American Cordillera during Mesozoic time.

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Turk, Sezer. "SEISMIC STRUCTURE AND TECTONICS OF THE ALASEHIR GRABEN,WESTERN TURKEY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399655393.

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41

Wilks, William Joseph. "A structural analysis of the Devonian Hornelen Basin and its basement : implications for the late Caledonian tectonics of western Norway." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283548.

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42

Downey, Matthew. "The Structural Geology, Kinematics and Timing of Deformation at the Superior craton margin, Gull Rapids, Manitoba." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1258.

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The Gull Rapids area, Manitoba, lies on the Superior craton margin and forms part of the Superior Boundary Zone (SBZ), a major collisional zone between the Archean Superior craton and the adjacent Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen. There are two main rock assemblages at Gull Rapids: orthogneisses (of possible Split Lake Block origin) and supracrustal rocks (metavolcanic and metasedimentary). Late, crosscutting felsic and mafic intrusive bodies (mostly dykes and sills) are used to constrain the relative and absolute timing of deformation and metamorphism.

The Gull Rapids area records a complex tectonic history. The area experienced four generations of Neoarchean ductile and brittle deformation (G1 ? G4) and one of Paleoproterozoic ductile-brittle deformation (G5). G1 deformation produced the main foliation in the map area, as well as local isoclinal folding which may be related to an early shearing event. M1a prograde mid-amphibolite facies metamorphism is contemporaneous with the early stages of G1. Widespread, tight to isoclinal sheath folding during G2 was recorded in the supracrustal assemblage, and is the result of southwest-side-up, dextral shearing during the early shearing event. A ca. 2. 68 Ga widespread phase of granitoid intrusion was emplaced late-G1 to early-G2, and is rich in metamorphic minerals that record conditions of M1b upper-amphibolite facies peak metamorphism. M1b metamorphism, late-G1 to early-G2 deformation, and intrusion of this felsic phase are contemporaneous. M2 retrograde metamorphism to mid-amphibolite facies was recorded sometime after M1b. G1 and G2 structures were re-folded during G3, which was then followed by G4 southwest-side-up, dextral and sinistral shearing, contemporaneous with late pegmatite intrusion at ca. 2. 61 Ga. This was followed by mafic dyke emplacement at ca. 2. 10 Ga, and then by G5 sinistral and dextral shearing and M3 greenschist facies metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration at ca. 1. 80 Ga.

Deformation and metamorphism at Gull Rapids post-dates emplacement and deposition of gneissic and supracrustal rocks, respectively. This deformation and metamorphism, except for G5 and M3, is Neoarchean (ca. 2. 68?2. 61 Ga), and represents a significant movement of crustal blocks: km-scale shearing of the supracrustal assemblage and consequent uplift of the Split Lake Block. Late deformation and metamorphism (G5, M3) may be related to the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson orogeny. The Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic zircon populations in the geochronological data suggest that the Gull Rapids area largely experienced Neoarchean deformation and metamorphism with a weak Paleoproterozoic overprint. All of the evidence presented above suggests that the Gull Rapids area lies in a part of the Superior Boundary Zone, yet does not lie at the exact margin of the Superior craton, and therefore does not mark the Archean-Proterozoic boundary proper in northeastern Manitoba.

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43

Altikulac, Elif. "STRUCTURE & TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE CALDAG HIGH AND THE GOLMARMARA BASIN IN THE WESTERN GEDIZ GRABEN, WESTERN ANATOLIA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1421507589.

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44

McKeon, Ryan Edward. "The interaction between tectonics, topography, and climate in the San Juan Mountains, Southwestern Colorado." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/mckeon/McKeonR1208.pdf.

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Alpine glaciers have been referred to as "buzzsaws" on the grounds that they control the topographic development of actively deforming mountain ranges; however, the nature of the linkage between glacial erosion and topography in different tectonic and climatic settings remains unclear. In the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, an intracontinental mountain range with dramatically lower annual precipitation than previously studied ranges, distinct spatial variations in morphology resulting from Quaternary glaciation coincide with different exhumation histories that were derived using apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology. The northwestern region had cooling ages of 3-10 Ma over an elevation range of 1300 m, moderate correlation between mean elevation and glacial thresholds, and regionally high values for relief and slope above cirque floors. The southern region, by contrast, had cooling ages of 19-32 Ma over an elevation range of 800 m, no correlation between mean elevation and glacial thresholds, and low values for relief and slope above cirque floors. The average magnitude of incision into a reconstructed maximum topography surface is nearly equal for the two study regions suggesting that the effects of glacial erosion are localized to high topography. The northwestern and southern regions show little variation in climate and fluvial and hillslope erosive potential, which implies that erosionally induced isostatic rebound is an unlikely source for the difference in cooling ages. Instead, I infer that active tectonism (possibly related to the Aspen anomaly) is responsible for different cooling ages and drove the greater degree of glacial modification of the northwestern region. As a result of the spatial variability in epeirogenic uplift, the San Juan Mountains appear to be both a mountain range that was just high enough to be glaciated, the southern region, and a mountain range where glacial erosion controls the elevation of high topography, the northwestern region; and thus are a microcosm for the diverse mountain ranges of the western United States.

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Burgette, Reed Joel. "Uplift in response to tectonic convergence : the Kyrgyz Tien Shan and Cascadia subduction zone /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1616709721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-242). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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46

Bozukluoglu, Furkan. "STRUCTURAL ARCHITECHTURE OF THE WESTERN TERMINATION OF THE GEDIZ GRABEN IN AEGEAN EXTENSIONAL PROVINCE, WESTERN ANATOLIA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1421520089.

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47

Isler, Ekrem Bursin. "Late quaternary stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the northeastern Aegean Sea /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2005. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,147122.

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48

Dilles, Zoe Y. G. "Geochronologic and Petrologic Context for Deep Crustal Metamorphic Core Complex Development, East Humboldt Range, Nevada." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/811.

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The Ruby-Humboldt Range in Northeastern Nevada exposes the deepest crust in the western portion of the Sevier Hinterland. The product of unique brittle and ductile accommodations, this block of lower crustal rock is a window into the processes of continental thickening and extension. The structure of the northern tip of the Ruby-Humboldt Range core complex is dominated by a large recumbent fold nappe with a southward closeure cored by Paleoproterozoic-Archean gneissic complexes with complex interdigitated field relationships that record polyphase continental metamorphism. Amphibolite-grade metapelitic rocks within the core and Winchell Lake nappe record a wide range of zircon age dates of metamorphic events the oldest of which at ~2.5 Ga is recorded in adjacent orthogneiss as a crystallization age. At least two younger metamorphic events are recorded within this orthogneiss, most significantly at 1.7-1.8 Ga, an event previously unpublished for this region that links it to Wyoming province activity in addition to inherited component of detrital cores up to 3.7 Ga in age that is among the oldest ages reported in Nevada. The youngest overprint of cretaceous metamorphic overgrowth ranges fro 60-90 Ma in age based on zircon rims in the aforementioned units as well as three garnet amphibolites that intrude the core of the nappe and are interpreted to be metabasic bodies.

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49

Bowden, Shelby. "Unroofing History of the Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau: Insights from Low-Temperature Apatite Thermochronology." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3085.

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The geology of Ethiopia is dominated by the Ethiopian Plateau that is similar in elevation to, but aerially larger than, the Colorado Plateau. Several rivers have incised through the plateau, creating gorges that reach up to 1.5 km in depth. The plateau uplifted to its current elevation and was subsequently incised sometime after the Oligocene flood basalt event that signaled the arrival of the African Superplume below Kenya and Ethiopia. Due to its size and extent, published climate modeling has indicated that Late Cenozoic plateau formation could have been a driving force in the East African Cenozoic climate changes. Although uplift timing has potentially far-reaching impacts to several scientific disciplines, uplift is not well constrained, and several published studies present contradictory data. This study aims to elucidate the uplift timing of the Ethiopian Plateau through the use of river incision timing as a proxy for uplift. Methods employed to accomplish incision timing include low temperature apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronology, thermal modeling, and scanning electron microscopy backscatter electron detection (SEM-BSE). Basement samples for thermochronologic dating were collected from the Didessa River Canyon near Nekemte. (U-Th)/He dating was conducted at the Arizona State University Group 18 Laboratory where 17 apatite grains were dated, while GeoSeps Services LLC performed the apatite fission track analysis. Results indicate that after crystallization between 797-630 Ma during the East African Orogen, the rocks experienced rapid exhumation to within 1400-3000 m of the surface in the Jurassic. The Cenozoic flood basalt event at 31-29 Ma caused a massive outpouring of basalts that forced the lowest sample into the partial retention zone where it remained for an extended period of time while accumulating radiation damage. Rapid cooling from 8 Ma to present represents a recent exhumation history of the Ethiopian Plateau, suggesting that the plateau’s high elevation gain was achieved within the last 10 Ma. This integrated apatite (U-Th)/He and fission track study is the first of its kind addressing East African Cenozoic tectonics.

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Petrik, Falene Elizabeth. "Scarp analysis of the Centennial Normal Fault, Beaverhead County, Montana and Fremont County, Idaho." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/petrik/PetrikF0508.pdf.

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Abstract:

The Centennial Mountains are an east-west trending mountain range in southwest Montana. The Centennial Mountains are bound on the south by the Eastern Snake River Plane, the north-trending Madison Range and fault on the east and the Centennial Valley on the north. The Centennial normal fault offsets the Centennial Mountains on the north down-dropping the Centennial Valley. Approximately 3000 meters of offset along the Centennial normal fault creates the Centennial Mountains. The present Centennial Mountains are subdivided into two stratigraphically different blocks by the Odell Creek normal fault. The eastern Centennial Mountains are interpreted as the upthrown block of the Odell Creek normal fault exposing Precambrian and Paleozoic rock along the northern face of the range. The western Centennial Mountains are interpreted as the downthrown block of the Odell Creek normal fault exposing Cretaceous and younger rocks. Both eastern and western segments of the Centennial Mountains are then offset along the range bounding Centennial normal fault. Offset along the Centennial normal fault started approximately 2.1 Ma as evidenced by the displacement of the 2.1 Ma Huckleberry Ridge tuff. It is believed that prior to the emplacement of the 2.1 Ma Huckleberry Ridge tuff, the Centennial Mountains had minimum to no surface relief. The majority of offset along the Centennial normal fault has occurred with in the late Pleistocene with estimated slip rates of 0.65-0.82 mm/yr. The late Pleistocene surface offsets along the Centennial Mountains have an average of 9.1-9.6 meters with similar offset seen along the eastern and western segments.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structural Geology and Tectonics'

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