Academic literature on the topic 'Structural Joints'
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Journal articles on the topic "Structural Joints"
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Lyu, Naesung, and Kazuhiro Saitou. "Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis of Space Frame Structures Using Joint Library." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 1 (2004): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1909203.
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This paper presents a method for identifying the optimal designs of components and joints in the space frame body structures of passenger vehicles considering structural characteristics, manufacturability, and assembleability. Dissimilar to our previous work based on graph decomposition, the problem is posed as a simultaneous determination of the locations and types of joints in a structure and the cross sections of the joined structural frames, selected from a predefined joint library. The joint library is a set of joint designs containing the geometry of the feasible joints at each potential joint location and the cross sections of the joined frames, associated with their structural characteristics as equivalent torsional springs obtained from the finite element analyses of the detailed joint geometry. Structural characteristics of the entire structure are evaluated by finite element analyses of a beam-spring model constructed from the selected joints and joined frames. Manufacturability and assembleability are evaluated as the manufacturing and assembly costs estimated from the geometry of the components and joints, respectively. The optimization problem is solved by a multiobjective genetic algorithm using a direct crossover. A case study on an aluminum space frame of a midsize passenger vehicle is discussed.
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Kurtenoks, Viktors, Aleksis Kurajevs, Karina Buka-Vaivade, et al. "The Quality Assessment of Timber Structural Joints Using the Coaxial Correlation Method." Buildings 13, no. 8 (2023): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081929.
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With the growing popularity of timber structures, the requirement for reliable and non-destructive methods to assess the quality and condition of structural joints becomes increasingly essential. A novel coaxial correlations method is investigated to assess the degradation of panel-to-panel moment joints in timber structures. The method involves analysing the response data obtained from accelerometers placed on both sides of the joint and comparing the readings to evaluate the joint’s condition. A specific joint solution to simulate the degradation of the moment joint in laboratory conditions is selected based on its simplicity and the ease with which its degradation can be simulated. The joint consists of angle brackets joined with timber screws and bolts to plywood panels. Gradually unscrewing the timber screws reduces the joint’s stiffness to simulate wear and tear over time. The experimental setup includes static loading and finite element modelling (FEM) to determine the rotational stiffness of the investigated joint at each degradation level. A dynamic experiment using vibration loading with sweep signal in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 2000 Hz is conducted to assess the quality of the joint. The conducted research provides valuable insights into the behaviour of timber panel-to-panel connections. The findings highlight the relationship between joint stiffness, vertical displacements, and the proposed dimensionless parameter, volume root mean square value (RMSvol), which offers a more comprehensive assessment of the joint’s condition in three spatial directions. As a result of the research, it has been established that, in the case of linear-type connections, unlike point-type joints, there is a possibility of signal scattering, so it is recommended that power comparisons and evaluations of the response signals from both accelerometers at the initial stage of applying the coaxial correlations method are performed.
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Skowrońska, Beata, Tomasz Chmielewski, and Dariusz Zasada. "Assessment of Selected Structural Properties of High-Speed Friction Welded Joints Made of Unalloyed Structural Steel." Materials 16, no. 1 (2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010093.
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Commonly used S235JR structural steel, generally associated with good weldability, was joined by high-speed friction welding (HSFW). The friction welding tests were performed with a rotational speed of n = 8000 rpm and four different values of the unit pressure in the friction phase (pf) in the range of 64–255 MPa. The obtained joints were subjected to metallographic observations using an optical microscope; in selected zones of friction joints the average grain size was specified in accordance with the EN ISO 643:2012 standard; the hardness of friction joints was measured using the Vickers method. The friction-welded joint with the highest pf was EBSD-investigated. The obtained friction-welded joints resembled an hourglass, and the microstructure of individual zones of the joints differed depending on the height (axis, radius) of the observations. The generated joining conditions resulted in a significant refinement of the microstructure in the friction weld—the average grain size is about 1 µm2 (for base material it was 21 µm2). The highest increase in hardness above 340 HV0.1 was recorded in the friction weld of the welded joint with the lowest used value pressure in the friction phase. Such a sharp increase in hardness can make the resulting friction-welded joint become sensitive to dynamic or fatigue loads. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) investigation confirmed the strong refinement of the microstructure in the friction-welded joint and the occurrence of the phenomenon of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The friction weld was also characterized by a large share of high-angle boundaries (HAGBs) >80%. These results may indicate that during high-speed friction welding it is possible to create conditions like those obtained during the High-Pressure Torsion (the method used to produce UFG materials) process.
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KUREJKOVÁ, Marta, and František WALD. "Design of haunches in structural steel joints." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 6 (2017): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1281838.
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The paper presents research in design of haunches in structural steel joints. Experimental results of six specimens of haunches with and without flanges are presented. Three specimens are without flanges and three specimens are supported by additional flanges. Flanges differ in stiffness to observe the increase in haunch resistances and the effect on buckling shapes. The research finite element model (RFEA) is studied by material and geometrical nonlinear finite element analysis with imperfections under the actual stress conditions and validated on the measured experimental data. The validity is demonstrated on the comparison of load-deflection curves, failure modes, stress distributions and yield line patterns. The stability analysis of a joint with a haunch is related to the research into component based finite element models of complex joints. The input and the results of the research finite element model are summarised in a benchmark case of a haunch with a flange. A numerical study illustrates the effect of the flange stiffness on the joint’s resistance. The effect is demonstrated on a simple arrangement with triangular stiffeners and on a beam-to-column joint. The main goal of the research is to verify proposed design procedure for stiffeners in steel joints.
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ALAKBAROV, Allahverdi. "STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS OF SERIAL SPHERICAL MANIPULATORS." Machine Science Journal 1, no. 1 (2023): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.61413/wdhy6534.
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Serial manipulators are a serial of links connected by joints. The manipulator is called serial, because the drives of this manipulator are arranged in series, one after the other. Most often, the drives of the sequential manipulator are located on jointes or are coordinated with the joint. All links, the base, as well as the executive link, make up the kinematic chain of the manipulator. Serial manipulators have a large working area, it is much larger than the working area of parallel manipulators, which allows them to work with large parts, which undoubtedly increases the area in which the manipulator is capable of working. Mass-produced robots typically have six joints because at least six degrees of freedom are required to place a controlled object in an arbitrary position and orientation in the robot's workspace. The inverse kinematics of sequential manipulators with six rotary joints and with three consecutive intersecting joints can be solved in closed form, i.e. analytically This result had a huge impact on the design of industrial robots. This section provides a unified work for the calculation of the mobility and constraints in a general over constraint spherical manipulators based on spherical serial manipulator plus the different spherical structural groups with two, three and four classes. The results of the section can be considered by knowledges of structural groups with general constraint three constructed to the serial spherical manipulator with 3DoF. The 3DoF serial spherical manipulators represent as a series of 1DoF revolute joints with the axises intersecting in the center of sphere. Three illustrative examples showcasing the method are presented.
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Liu, Fengcheng, Tao Xu, and Yung (William Sasy) Chan. "Generative Design Method for Single-Layer Spatial Grid Structural Joints." Buildings 14, no. 12 (2024): 3929. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123929.
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Single-layer spatial grid joints are crucial to structural safety, with commonly used welded hollow spherical joints and cast steel joints. However, these traditional joints face limitations, including a rigid design, excessive weight, and susceptibility to stress concentration. As engineering practices advance, these joints struggle to meet modern requirements. This paper introduces a generative method for designing rigid joints in single-layer spatial grid structures, based on Audze space-filling criteria. The method’s mathematical formulation is presented, followed by developing novel joint configurations by exploring various cross-sectional forms, retention mass, and geometric elements, while considering bending moments. A comparative analysis of static properties between the new and traditional joints shows promising results. The generative approach demonstrates significant innovation, producing lightweight, aesthetically pleasing, and structurally efficient joints. Compared to conventional welded hollow spherical joints, the new joints exhibit a 57% reduction in self-weight, a 51% decrease in maximum equivalent stress, and a 24% reduction in maximum displacement. This method enables versatile and optimized joint design for single-layer spatial grid structures, offering enhanced strength, safety, and aesthetic appeal.
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Kosturek, Robert, Tomasz Ślęzak, and Janusz Torzewski. "Structural Integrity of AA7075-T651 UWFSW Joints." Advances in Materials Science 24, no. 4 (2024): 98–110. https://doi.org/10.2478/adms-2024-0025.
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Abstract This investigation is focused on the comparison of selected low-cycle fatigue properties of AA7075-T651 friction stir welded and underwater friction stir welded joints together with the evaluation of their lifetime prediction by the Manson-Coffin-Basquin formula. Additionally, the analysis of the fractured surface was involved to describe the character of joints decohesion. The analysis of the obtained hysteresis loops revealed that FSW joint exhibits cyclic hardening, with a stable maximum stress and a decreasing minimum stress, leading to an increased contribution of compressive stresses and a lower mean stress during stabilized fatigue. In comparison, the UWFSW joint also shows cyclic hardening but with a greater contribution of tensile stresses, a higher mean stress, and a reduced participation of plastic deformation. The Manson-Coffin-Basquin equation effectively predicts the fatigue life of AA7075-T651 alloy joints, with UWFSW joints showing significantly lower standard deviation (0.0035 vs. 0.0135) and narrower dispersion bands (1.61 vs. 1.93) compared to conventional FSW joints.
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Sadowski, T., T. Balawender, R. Sliwa, P. Golewski, and M. Knec. "Modern Hybrid Joints in Aerospace: Modelling and Testing / Nowoczesne Połaczenia Hybrydowe W Lotnictwie: Modelowanie I Badania Eskperymentalne." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 1 (2013): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0168-3.
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The aim of the paper is to review different types of modern hybrid joints applied in aerospace. We focused on three particular cases: 1) spot welding - adhesive, 2) rivet-bonded and 3) clinch-bonded joints. The numerical models presented in the paper for these joints describe their complex behaviour under mechanical loading. The numerical calculations performed using ABAQUS code were compared to experimental results obtained by application of the Digital Image Correlation system (DIC) ARAMIS. The results investigated within the paper lead to the following major conclusions: - the strengthening of joints by application of adhesive significantly improve static strength, - the final failure of the joined structural system significantly depends on the surface adhesive area, - the stiffening effects of the hybrid joint lead to higher reliability and durability of the structural joints.
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Lyu, Naesung, Byungwoo Lee, and Kazuhiro Saitou. "Optimal Subassembly Partitioning of Space Frame Structures for In-Process Dimensional Adjustability and Stiffness." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 3 (2005): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181599.
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A method for optimally synthesizing multicomponent structural assemblies of an aluminum space frame (ASF) vehicle body is presented, which simultaneously considers structural stiffness, manufacturing and assembly costs and dimensional integrity under a unified framework based on joint libraries. The optimization problem is posed as a simultaneous determination of the location and feasible types of joints in a structure selected from the predefined joint libraries, combined with the size optimization for the cross sections of the joined structural frames. The structural stiffness is evaluated by finite element analyses of a beam-spring model modeling the joints and joined frames. Manufacturing and assembly costs are estimated based on the geometries of the components and joints. Dissimilar to the enumerative approach in our previous work, dimensional integrity of a candidate assembly is evaluated as the adjustability of the given critical dimensions, using an internal optimization routine that finds the optimal subassembly partitioning of an assembly for in-process adjustability. The optimization problem is solved by a multiobjective genetic algorithm. An example on an ASF of the midsize passenger vehicle is presented, where the representative designs in the Pareto set are examined with respect to the three design objectives.
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Ayush, Morankar, and V. Pisolkar Akanksha. "Study of structural behavior of retrofit beam column junction using Ansys." i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering 11, no. 4 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jste.11.4.19788.
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The beam-column joint is a critical component of reinforced concrete buildings, responsible for effectively transferring loads between connected members while withstanding gravity and seismic forces. However, these joints are often the weakest link in the structure due to insufficient shear strength. To ensure structural integrity, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) materials are widely utilized for retrofitting beam-column joints. CFRP offers high strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance without significantly increasing the joint's dimensions. ANSYS Workbench is a powerful software tool that enables detailed analysis and design of beam-column joints. By providing advanced simulation capabilities, it reduces the necessity for physical testing and streamlines the retrofitting process, thereby enhancing project efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study focuses on the analysis and retrofitting of beam-column joints using CFRP materials in ANSYS Workbench, specifically in the 2022 R2 Student and 2022 R1 Teaching versions. The findings of this study reveal significant improvements in the retrofitted beam-column joints compared to their original condition. Notably, the use of CFRP wrapping reduces deformation and increases the maximum principal stress in various reinforcement patterns. The study also includes a comparison between manual and analytical results, further validating the effectiveness of the retrofitting approach using CFRP materials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural Joints"
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Tol, Serife. "Dynamic Modeling Of Structural Joints." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614368/index.pdf.
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Complex systems composed of many substructures include various structural joints connecting the substructures together. These mechanical connections play a significant role in predicting the dynamic characteristics of the assembled systems
accurately. Therefore, equivalent dynamic models of joints that consist of stiffness and damping elements should be developed and the joint parameters should be determined for an accurate vibration analysis. Since it is difficult to estimate joint
parameters accurately by using a pure analytical approach, it is a general practice to use experimental measurements to model joints connecting substructures. In this study an experimental identification method is suggested. In this approach the frequency response functions (FRFs) of substructures and the coupled structure are measured and FRF decoupling method is used to identify equivalent dynamic characteristics of bolted joints. Since rotational degrees of freedom (RDOF) in connection dynamics is very important, a structural joint is modeled with translational, rotational and cross-coupling stiffness and damping terms. FRF synthesis and finite-difference formulations are used for the estimation of unmeasured FRFs and RDOF related FRFs, respectively. The validity and application of the proposed method are demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. In simulation studies, simulated experimental values are used, and it is seen that the identification results are prone to high errors due to noise in
measurement and the matrix inversions in the identification equations. In order to reduce the effect of noise, it is proposed to extract the joint properties by taking the average of the results obtained at several frequencies in the frequency regions
sensitive to joint parameters. Yet, it is observed in practical applications that experimental errors combine with the measurement noise and the identification results still may not be so accurate. In order to solve this problem, an update
algorithm is developed. In the approach proposed, the identified dynamic parameters are used as initial estimates and then optimum dynamic parameters representing the joint are obtained by using an optimization algorithm. The application of the proposed method is performed on a bolted assembly. It is shown with experimental studies that this method is very successful in identifying bolted joint parameters. The accuracy and applicability of the identification method suggested are illustrated by using a dynamically identified bolt in a new structure, and showing that the calculated FRFs in which identified joint parameters are used, match perfectly with
the measured ones for the new structure. In this study, the effects of bolt size and quality of bolts, as well as the bolt torque on the joint properties are also studied by making a series of experiments and identifying the joint parameters for each case.
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Hutchinson, Allan Robert. "Durability of structural adhesive joints." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245438.
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Little, Matthew S. G. "The durability of structural adhesive joints." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417769.
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Bigwood, David Andrew. "The design of structural adhesive joints." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1990. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/770397/.
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This thesis details the work carried out under two research projects at the University of Surrey. The first project titled The Design of Structural Adhesive Joints', was of three years duration from September 1985 to August 1988 and was sponsored by the Science and Engineering Research Council. The second project, sponsored by Ford UK Ltd, and tided 'A General Joint Analysis Facility extended certain aspects of the analysis work initiated In the first period of research. The objective of the work was to address the problem of integrating structural adhesives Into the design process and to provide procedures that would facilitate this integration in a quantitative, rather than the more usual qualitative way. To be effective, such an approach needed to consider not only a means of analyzing a proposed joint but also a way of predicting the actual failure of that joint. An extensive literature survey of analyses available to the design engineer has been completed. The analyses investigated were found to be lacking in several critical respects, and as part of this research, methods of analysis overcoming some of these limitations have been developed. The analyses produced are based on earlier approaches but extended and modified as appropriate. The work on all the analyses produced has been carried out by considering a simple adherend-adhesive sandwich configuration. Five different analyses, considering the sandwich to be modelled with differing degrees of complexity, have been produced. In all of the analyses the adherends are assumed to behave as cylindrically bent plates capable of sustaining both tensile and shear forces and bending moments, with the adhesive transmitting both tensile and/or shear loads. Initially an elastic solution was obtained, adopting a relatively simple approach. This enabled the subsequent enhancement of including non-linear material behaviour to utilize the same governing equations, thus maintaining consistentcy. The General Elastic Analysis (GEA) has been extensively simplified to produce a number of two parameter design formulae suitable for use by an engineer at an early stage in the design process. The two analyses produced by this simplification are called the Simplified Peel Analysis (SPA) and the Simplified Shear Analysis (SSA), so called because they consider the named component of stress in the adhesive layer only. The GEA was then extended to include non-linear material properties in the adhesive layer, and an analysis called the Non-linear Adhesive Analysis (NLAA) was produced. A programme of validation using the NLAA and a non-linear finite element analysis of similar joint configurations was carried out. Additional comparisons with existing analyses have also been undertaken where possible. The NLAA has been shown to produce extremely accurate results for the stresses in the adhesive layer when compared with the component stresses predicted by the finite element method (FEM). The NLAA has been used successfully to determine the spread of yield in a single-lap joint, giving dose agreement with results from analysis using the FEM, but with much reduced computer and operator time. The final stage of the work was concerned with the Inclusion of non-linear adherend material properties, and an analysis called the Full Non-linear Analysis (FNLA) has been produced which Incorporates this refinement to the general model. Again the finite element method has been used to assess the accuracy of this new analysis, and the results from this work are presented here. Derivations of both forms of the elastic analysis and of the non-linear and full non-linear analyses are reported in Chapters 4 and 5 and the software appropriate to each Is described fully. The Initial survey of available literature has shown that there Is considerable lack of knowledge about possible causes of joint failure. Specifically, It Is noted that a criterion by which joint failure can be measured has not been uniquely defined. In an attempt to provide a criterion or criteria to enable the prediction of joint failure a 'Failure Criteria' test and analysis programme has been completed. Joint configurations were manufactured using a range of adhesives with different levels of ductility, and adherends of different stiffnesses. Batches of these test coupons were tested to failure under both predominantly mode I and mode 11ty pes of loading. Both FEM and FNLA analyses of each test configuration have been carried out, and the stress and strain distributions at the levels of failure load were established for each batch and studied to establish any correlation between various proposed failure criteria. Close agreement between certain factors and the equivalent bulk material properties was noted for test batches. The applicability of various failure criteria for both the mode I and mode II test configurations and possible general criteria are discussed. The failure of the mode I test configurations has been shown to be governed by the local level of maximum principal stress at the end of the overlap. The mode II test configurations also show dose agreement in terms of the maximum principal stress, but agreement with bulk data Is poor. Therefore, a further failure criterion is proposed for the mode II joints in terms of the 'global yielding' of the adhesive layer. The bulk property testing of the adherend and adhesive materials to establish their physical properties for use in the finite element analysis of the test programme Is also fully documented.
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Malladi, Sailaja. "Parametric modeling and analysis of structural bonded joints." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=80.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 56 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
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Page, Steven M. "Investigation into the Behavior of Bolted Joints." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1163527930.
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Read, Paul John Charles Lewis. "Fatigue characterisation of FRP structural tee joints." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242730.
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Knox, Esther M. "Marine applications for structural adhesives." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241876.
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Shrestha, Alina. "Fatigue Testing and Data Analysis of Welded Steel Cruciform Joints." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1670.
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In this study, ABS Publication 115, “Guidance on Fatigue Assessment of Offshore Structures” is briefly reviewed. Emphasis is on the S-N curves based fatigue assessment approach of non-tubular joints, and both size and environment effects are also considered. Further, fatigue tests are performed to study the fatigue strength of load-carrying and non-load-carrying steel cruciform joints that represent typical joint types in marine structures. The experimental results are then compared against ABS fatigue assessment methods, based on nominal stress approach, which demonstrates a need for better fatigue evaluation parameter. A good fatigue parameter by definition should be consistent and should correlate the S-N data well. The equivalent structural stress parameter is introduced to investigate the fatigue behavior of welded joints using the traction based structural stress approach on finite element models of specimens, and representing the data as a single Master S-N curve.
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Bianchi, Francesco. "Numerical modelling of through-thickness reinforced structural joints." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7992.
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The main objective of this research study was to develop numerical models
to analyse the mechanical and fracture properties of through-thickness reinforced
(TTR) structural joints. The development of numerical tools was mainly
based on the finite element (FE) method. A multi-scale approach was used:
the bridging characteristics of a single reinforcement was studied at micromechanical
level by simulating the single-pin response loaded either in mode-I
or in mode-II. The force-displacement curve (bridging law) of the pin was used
to define the constitutive law of cohesive elements to be used in a FE analysis
of the global structure.
This thesis is divided into three main parts: (I) Background, context and
methodology, (II) Development for composite joints, and (III) Development
for hybrid metal-composite joints. In the first part the objectives of the thesis
are identified and a comprehensive literature review of state-of-art throughthickness
reinforcement methods and relative modelling techniques has been
undertaken to provide a solid background to the reader.
The second part of the thesis deals with TTR composite/composite joints. The
multi-scale modelling technique was firstly applied to predict delamination behaviour
of mode-I and in mode-II test coupons. The bridging mechanisms
of reinforcements and the way these increase the delamination resistance of
bonded interfaces was deeply analysed, showing how the bridging characteristics
of the reinforcement features affected the delamination behaviour. The
modelling technique was then applied to a z-pin reinforced composite T-joint
structure. The joint presented a complicated failure mode which involved multiple
crack path and mixed-mode delamination, demonstrating the capability
of the model of predicting delamination propagation under complex loading
states.
The third part of the thesis is focused on hybrid metal/composite joints. Mode-
I and mode-II single-pin tests of metal pin reinforcements embedded into a
carbon/epoxy laminate were simulated. The model was validated by comparing
with experimental tests. Then the effects of the pin geometry on the
pin bridging characteristics were analysed. The model revealed that both in
mode-I and mode-II small pins perform better than large pins and also that
the pin shape plays an important role in the pin failure behaviour. The modelling
technique was then applied to simulate a metal-composite double-lap
joint loaded in traction. The model showed that to obtain the best performance
of the joint an accurate selection of pin geometry, pin arrangement and
thickness of the two adherends should be done.
Books on the topic "Structural Joints"
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Moore, I. D., D. Becerril García, H. Sezen, and T. Sheldon. Structural Design of Culvert Joints. Transportation Research Board, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22748.
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Adams, Robert D. Structural adhesive joints in engineering. 2nd ed. Chapman & Hall, 1997.
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National Cooperative Highway Research Program and National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board, eds. Structural design of culvert joints. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2012.
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Ramberger, Günter. Structural bearings and expansion joints for bridges. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed006.
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<p>Bridge superstructures have to be designed to permit thermal and live load strains to occur without unintended restraints. Bridge bearings have to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, allowing all movements in directions defined by the designer. The two functions -transfer the loads and allow movements only in the required directions for a long service time with little maintenance - are not so easy to fulfil. Different bearings for different purposes and requirements have been developed so, that the bridge designer can choose the most suitable bearing.</p> <p>By the movement of a bridge, gaps are necessary between superstructure and substructure. Expansion joints fill the gaps, allowing traffic loads tobe carried and allowing all expected displacements with low resistance. Expansion joints should provide a smooth transition, avoid noise emission as far as possible and withstand all mechanical actions and chemical attacks (de-icing) for a long time. A simple exchange of all wearing parts and of the entire expansion joint should be possible.</p> <p>The present volume provides a comprehensive survey of arrangement, construction and installation of bearings and expansion joints for bridges including calculation of bearing reactions and movements, analysis and design, inspection and maintenance. A long list of references deals with the subjects but also with aspects in the vicinity of bearings and expansion joints.</p> <p>This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of bridge design, construction, analysis, inspection, maintenance and repair.</p>
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Ivanyi, Miklos, and Charalambos C. Baniotopoulos, eds. Semi-Rigid Joints in Structural Steelwork. Springer Vienna, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2478-9.
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Fernlund, Göran. Quasi-static failure of structural adhesive joints. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.
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Tong, Liyong, and Grant P. Steven. Analysis and Design of Structural Bonded Joints. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5133-1.
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Papini, Marcello. Fracture load prediction of structural adhesive joints. National Library of Canada, 1993.
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Tong, Liyong. Analysis and design of structural bonded joints. Kluwer Academic, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Structural Joints"
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Bhattacharya, A. R. "Joints and Fractures." In Structural Geology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80795-5_13.
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Dasgupta, Ashoke Kumar. "Welded Joints." In Design of Structural Steel Joints. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003539124-3.
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Dasgupta, Ashoke Kumar. "Bolted Joints." In Design of Structural Steel Joints. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003539124-4.
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Hussey, Bob, and Jo Wilson. "Basic Design of Bonded Joints." In Structural Adhesives. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1203-1_5.
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Ramberger, Günter. "Expansion Joints." In Structural bearings and expansion joints for bridges. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed006.051.
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Hartshorn, S. R. "The Durability of Structural Adhesive Joints." In Structural Adhesives. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7781-8_9.
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Fratini, L. "FSW of Lap and T-Joints." In Structural Connections for Lightweight Metallic Structures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8611_2010_48.
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Rousseau, Carl Q., and Endel V. Iarve. "Durability of Structural Joints." In Long-Term Durability of Polymeric Matrix Composites. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9308-3_12.
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Dasgupta, Ashoke Kumar. "Joints in Steel Structure." In Design of Structural Steel Joints. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003539124-2.
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Anderson, G. P., and K. L. De Vries. "Predicting strength of adhesive joints from test results." In Structural Integrity. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0927-4_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Structural Joints"
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Gang, Yang, Mohd Ahmad Zaharuddin Faridh, and Noordin Mohd Yusof. "Research Progress on Welding Method of Corrugated Core and I-Core Sandwich Plate." In International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-jy4bkd.
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The use of sandwich plates has gained significant popularity in the construction and machinery industries due to their exceptional stiffness-to-mass and strength-to-mass ratios. Among various structural types, I-core sandwich plates (T-joints) and corrugated-core sandwich plates (K-joints) are widely utilized. The welding method employed significantly impacts joint performance and overall structural characteristics. This review paper examines recent research on these commonly used sandwich plates and their joint performance, encompassing preparation methods, performance evaluation, structure optimization, and overall research progress. Furthermore, the influence of different preparation methods on the overall performance of sandwich plates is also addressed.
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Reisewitz, Tom, and Geralt Siebert. "Concept for full-scale testing of structural sealant glazing facades." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.1838.
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<p>Structural glazing joints in glass structures are a challenge for both dynamic loads such as earthquakes and quasi-static loads due to the lack of suitable and up-to-date standardized design guidelines. The seismic design of structural glazing joints is often neglected or generalized, which can have a negative impact on the behavior of heavy glass elements. At the same time, existing design procedures for quasi-static loads are often outdated and oversized, such as ETAG 002, which should be optimized for sustainability reasons. This work underlines the importance of a detailed analysis of structural glazing joints, including an appropriate material model, and proposes full-scale tests for validation. The tests consider geometry, adhesive properties, load application and connection to the substructure. The aim is to develop a practical guide for the sustainable design and testing of structurally bonded glazing.</p>
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Lyu, Naesung, and Kazuhiro Saitou. "Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis of Space Frame Structures Using Joint Library." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57301.
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This paper presents a method for identifying the optimal designs of components and joints in the space frame body structures of passenger vehicles considering structural characteristics, manufacturability and assembleability. Dissimilar to our previous work based on graph decomposition, the problem is posed as a simultaneous determination of the locations and types of joints in a structure and the cross sections of the joined structural frames, selected from a predefined joint library. The joint library is a set of joint designs containing the geometry of the feasible joints at each potential joint location and the cross sections of the joined frames, associated with their structural characteristics as equivalent torsional springs obtained from the finite element analyses of the detailed joint geometry. Structural characteristics of the entire structure are evaluated by finite element analyses of a beam-spring model constructed from the selected joints and joined frames. Manufacturability and assembleability are evaluated as the manufacturing and assembly costs estimated from the geometry of the components and joints, respectively. The optimization problem is solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm using a direct crossover. A case study on an aluminum space frame (ASF) of a middle size passenger vehicle is discussed.
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Ettouney, Mohammed M., Raymond P. Daddazio, and Najib N. Abboud. "Passive Control of Multi-Jointed Structures." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0561.
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Abstract Reducing the amplitude of structural response generated by noise sources such as machine vibrations using passive control measures is of interest to design engineers. This study will focus on the role of joints in multi-jointed structures in the passive control of structural response. In a multi-jointed structure, joints play a major role in the response of the structure. First, joints regulate the equilibrium of the whole structure. In such a role, they can act, for example, to transform a pure axial wave in a horizontal member in the structure into a pure flexural wave in a vertical member connected to it at a joint. Second, they are the “recipients” of the noise sources from the secondary beams and floors of the structure. In such a role, joints act as a filter between the noise source and the rest of the structure. These two roles point to the possibility of modifying joints so as to passively control the response of a multi-jointed structure. In this study, the addition of energy loss mechanisms, which are concentrated at the joints is evaluated. These energy loss mechanisms include adding filler materials with high loss factor. The different parameters affecting the structural response will be evaluated. These parameters include the amount of added material to the joints, relative loss factors of both structure and the added material and the degree of reductions in structural responses. In all the cases studied, a consideration of the practical engineering detailing of such systems will be discussed.
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SHARIFI, PARVIZ, and WILLIAM SABLE. "A nonlinear joint element for the analysis of adhesive bonded joints." In 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1008.
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SNYDER, B., J. BURNS, and V. VENKAYYA. "Composite bolted joints analysis program." In 29th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2423.
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GRIFFIN, JR., O., M. HYER, S. YALAMANCHILI, M. SHUART, C. PRASAD, and D. COHEN. "Analysis of multifastener composite joints." In 33rd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2426.
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XU, YUSEN, JIAN CHEN, SHENFANG YUAN, YAHUI YANG, and ZHEN QIN. "DAMAGE DIAGNOSIS OF COMPLEX CONNECTION STRUCTURES OF AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE STRINGERS WITH GUIDED WAVE-BASED METHOD." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36784.
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For civil aircraft, structural forms of its components like fuselage and wing are very complicated. Usually, these structural components are manufactured separately and then riveted together. These connection parts, such as stringer joints and skin lap joints, are prone to be cracked and failure. In addition, most structures are inaccessible, making manual maintenance difficult. Therefore, it is of great significance to reliably monitor the fatigue crack damage of complex connection structures. Guided wave (GW) based structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted wide attention in the aerospace field since it has the characteristics of being sensitive to small damages, and capable of monitoring large areas. However, the complex configuration, the limited space, and the interference of bolts and rivets make sensor deployment difficult. Moreover, during propagation in complex connection structures, guided waves will undergo reflection, transmission, and mode conversion, resulting in mode aliasing and wave packet deformation of response guided wave signals. The structural damage information contained in the signal will also be masked, which brings difficulties to crack monitoring in complex connection structures. Although there have been some related studies on crack monitoring of metal joint structures such as lap joints, there are still other parts in the complex joint structure of the actual fuselage, such as long stringers and belt plates. At present, especially for the multi-layer riveted butt joint structure with stringers, the research is still very limited. In this paper, the amplitude and mode of the guided wave signals of different types of channels between the components of the single strap butt joint structure with stringer are analyzed. By imposing simulated damage, the effect of the damage scattering signal on the damage identification ability after guided waves pass through multiple rivet holes or multi-layer structures of the complex structure is studied. The crack damage diagnosis method for the complex connection structure of aircraft fuselage stringer is studied and verified by the experimental results of real cracks. The diagnostic results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
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Lyu, Naesung, Byungwoo Lee, and Kazuhiro Saitou. "Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis for Structural Stiffness and Dimensional Integrity." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62229.
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A method for optimally synthesizing multi-component structural assemblies of an aluminum space frame (ASF) vehicle body is presented, which simultaneously considers structural stiffness, manufacturing and assembly cost and dimensional integrity under a unified framework based on joint libraries. The optimization problem is posed as a simultaneous determination of the location and feasible types of joints in a structure selected from the predefined joint libraries, combined with the size optimization for the cross sections of the joined structural frames. The structural stiffness is evaluated by finite element analyses of a beam-spring model modeling the joints and joined frames. Manufacturing and assembly costs are estimated based on the geometries of the components and joints. Dimensional integrity is evaluated as the adjustability of the assembly for the given critical dimensions. The optimization problem is solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. An example on an ASF of the mid-size passenger vehicle is presented, where the representative designs in the Pareto set are examined with respect to the three design objectives.
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Medepalli, Varadanam, Kishore Kumar Kalahasti, and Bangarubabu Popuri. "Effect of Preload on Joint Rotation Constant of Conventional Aerospace Bolted Joints." In ASME 2023 Aerospace Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ssdm2023-108416.
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Abstract Airframe assembly with axial bolted joints in flange configuration is subjected to combined loading of axial load, bending moment and shear force. Structural Integrity of full-scale airframe assemblies is evaluated by conducting full-scale bend load test and by measurement of Joint Rotation Constant (JRC) at different joints to estimate natural frequencies, mode shapes and global deflections accurately and also to classify the joints. Structural integrity, JRC and class of joints primarily depend on type of joint and its preload. Experiments are carried out on axial bolted joint configurations with Pipe and Airframe sections. Effect of preload on JRC at both joints is studied at different torque levels with increasing bending moment. Reduction in measured JRC is observed with increasing preload at Pipe section as well as Airframe section joints. Measured JRC values at both joints have shown decreasing trend with increasing BM for initial preloads before showing increasing trend for higher preloads. Initially, no variation in measured frequencies of first three modes is observed with increasing preload followed by mild increase before showing no variation again for higher preloads for Airframe section joint. The behavior of JRC at different preloads with increasing bending moment indicates how the modal parameters of the assembly and deflections are expected to behave for various preloads.
Reports on the topic "Structural Joints"
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Gao, Jun-Dong, Huan-Xin Yuan, and Xin-Xi Du. NUMERICAL STUDY ON STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF STAINLESS STEEL BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINTS WITH DOUBLE EXTENDED END-PLATE CONNECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.157.
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Olsen. L51740 Evaluation of the Structural Integrity of Cold Field-Bent Pipe. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010361.
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During recent pipeline construction seasons, there have been reported difficulties in cold field bending different joints of line pipe produced by the same manufacturer during a particular production run. These difficulties were typically manifested as an inability to achieve bends of one to one-and-a-half degrees per diameter in the pipe without forming ripples. Some of these problems could be traced to poor bending practices, i.e., inappropriate bending machine set-up and operator inexperience. However, it was observed that even with proper machine set-up and experienced operators, some "bad pipe" exists that could not be bent as far as desired without introducing ripples. The objective of this program was to develop an acceptance criterion for an allowable ripple in a gas-transmission pipeline as a result of a cold field bend. Previous acceptance or rejection criteria for ripples in cold field bent pipe were quite subjective. The purpose of this study was to define quantitative limits for acceptable ripple heights that will not compromise the integrity of the pipe during its expected life. In a program discussed at the 9th PRCI/EPRG meeting, the work performed during a joint Australian Pipeline Industry Association/Line Pipe Research Supervisory Committee effort on the mechanics of cold field bending was presented. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, it was found that modern, high-strength, high D/t pipe forms ripples at very low bend angles during cold field bending. Although there was some circumstantial evidence that some amount of rippling can be tolerated in a pipe, there had been no systematic effort to quantify the influence that the ripples have on the long-term integrity of pipe.
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Grant, Charles. Diaphragm Walls as Permanent Basement Walls in Regions of High Seismicity. Deep Foundations Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2012-slwl-1.
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Reinforced concrete structural slurry walls have been used in the United States since the early 1960s. The typical practice, and one that makes the economics of slurry walls particularly attractive, is to design the walls to act as both temporary excavation support and permanent basement walls. They often serve as multi-story basements and below grade parking for buildings, for tunnels, subway stations, and other buried structures. One of the early applications was for a foundation for a subway station in San Francisco, but for the most part they have been used more extensively in regions of low seismicity. The purpose of this report is to investigate the requirements for extension of this practice to more common use in regions of high seismicity. Structural slurry walls are concrete walls constructed below the ground surface. In slurry wall construction, a trench is excavated using a rectangular clamshell bucket or other specialized equipment. During excavation, the trench is held open by introduction of a bentonite or polymer slurry. Steel reinforcement, if required, is lowered into the slurry-filled trench, and concrete is subsequently deposited by tremie, displacing the slurry. The length of trench open at any one time is limited to a typical maximum of about 20 to 24 feet by excavation stability and concrete placement volume considerations. Each individual concrete placement is referred to as a “panel,” and vertical construction joints separate the panels. Temporary “end-stops” are used as formwork to control the geometry of the panel joints, and horizontal reinforcement is discontinuous at the joints. Structural slurry panels range from 1.5 to 5.0 feet thick, 7 to 24 feet long, and up to 300 feet deep. In the United States, panels that are 2.0 to 3.5 feet thick and depths of 40 to 150 feet are commonplace. Structural basement walls support earth pressures acting laterally against the wall, dead and live loads acting vertically, and in-plane shear and flexure from wind and earthquake loads. The design of permanent slurry walls in regions of low or moderate seismicity is often limited to providing the strength necessary to resist out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical dead and live loads from the superstructure and basement framing. Although these walls also transfer in-plane lateral forces from the superstructure into the soils, the walls are often not specifically designed for these in-plane forces because their inherent strength is usually much greater than the forces being transferred. If resistance to in-plane forces acting on a wall required an increase in vertical reinforcement at the ends of a wall segment, an increase in the cap beam strength, or an increase in the horizontal reinforcement for shear strength, the overall design and construction approach would not vary significantly from current practice. Structural slurry walls have been used to a limited extent for buildings designed for high seismic risk, but there is reluctance on the part of design engineers to use them more often because of concern for how to design these walls to resist in-plane lateral forces, lack of code provisions for reinforcement detailing, and damage that may occur at panel joints. For buildings designed for high seismic risk, such as those assigned to Seismic Design Categories (SDC) D, E, and F as defined in Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10), in-plane shear and flexural actions may likely require modifications of a structural slurry wall only designed for out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical live and dead loads. Design would need to address in-plane lateral forces acting on structural slurry walls and the interaction of the in-plane actions with the out-of-plane and vertical actions. These issues are discussed in this report, and approaches to design for high seismic risk are presented.
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Wadman, Heidi, and Jesse McNinch. Use of chirp sub-bottom acoustics to assess integrity of water-control structures : Inner Harbor Navigation Canal Lock, New Orleans. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49198.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)-maintained lock on the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal serves as a critical navigation link between Lake Pontchartrain to the north and the Mississippi River to the south. Extensive slumping has been observed on the earthen embankment on each side of the lock, suggesting that internal pathways for water to escape through the lock’s concrete walls or joints are present. Unfortunately, traditional methods often used to identify cracks in the concrete (e.g., sidescan sonar) or water-filled voids under or behind the structure (e.g., ground-penetrating radar) did not identify any structural issues at this site. Prior to dewatering and repair, the USACE New Orleans District requested that the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center conduct a sub-bottom survey at the lock to identify water-filled voids and better prepare for potential repairs during dewatering. A unique sled was constructed that allowed a small vessel to tow the sub-bottom profiler at an angle to direct more acoustic energy into the structure. Low-frequency, chirp acoustic energy successfully penetrated the concrete walls and identified several water-filled voids on both sides of the lock. A later post-dewatering walkthrough indicated that the chirp imaged voids spatially adjacent to cracks, and cracks were not found in any other locations. Additional work is needed to further develop this methodology in other USACE structures.
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Nema, Arpit, and Jose Restrep. Low Seismic Damage Columns for Accelerated Bridge Construction. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zisp3722.
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This report describes the design, construction, and shaking table response and computation simulation of a Low Seismic-Damage Bridge Bent built using Accelerated Bridge Construction methods. The proposed bent combines precast post-tensioned columns with precast foundation and bent cap to simplify off- and on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced damage and associated repair costs. Each column consists of reinforced concrete cast inside a cylindrical steel shell, which acts as the formwork, and the confining and shear reinforcement. The column steel shell is engineered to facilitate the formation of a rocking interface for concentrating the deformation demands in the columns, thereby reducing earthquake-induced damage. The precast foundation and bent cap have corrugated-metal-duct lined sockets, where the columns will be placed and grouted on-site to form the column–beam joints. Large inelastic deformation demands in the structure are concentrated at the column–beam interfaces, which are designed to accommodate these demands with minimal structural damage. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, ensure re-centering behavior. Internal mild steel reinforcing bars, debonded from the concrete at the interfaces, provide energy dissipation and impact mitigation.
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Kuksenova, L. I., and V. I. Savenko. THE INFLUENCE OF THE LUBRICATING MEDIUM AND ITS SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPONENTS ON THE FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURAL STATE OF THE DEFORMATION ZONE AND THE KINETICS OF DESTRUCTION DURING FRICTION OF METAL TRIBO-JOINTS. DOI CODE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/vntr2023-170-2.
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Vito, L. F. Di, G. Mannucci, G. Demofonti, et al. CGX-00-003 Tenaris Double Joint for Deep Water Applications Subjected to Large Cyclic Plastic Strains. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011808.
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The evaluation of the defect tolerance assessment for girth welded joints of seamless pipes for off-shore applications when subjected to large cyclic plastic strains. The reeling laying technique, which is considered to be the most severe from this point of view, has been considered and studied in depth in order to determine how the several plastic strain cycles suffered by the joint during the laying could affect the defect tolerability. Advanced Engineering Critical Assessment methods have been considered in the analysis as the BS 7910 FAD approach implemented with the corrections recommended by more recent studies (such as DNV-OS-F101) about the structures subjected to large plastic deformations. Then the reliability and conservativeness of the setup ECA procedure have been discussed on the basis of a dedicated large scale segment tests program performed on girth weld joints realized in house by Tenaris on X65 grade seamless pipe for deepwater applications. The paper demonstrated the good behavior of the Tenaris Double Joint by both toughness and tensile properties point of view by the light of the more recent and advanced ECA methodologies.
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Kanakamedala, Deven, Jungil Seo, Amit H. Varma, Robert J. Connor, and Anna Tarasova. Shear and Bearing Capacity of Corroded Steel Beam Bridges and the Effects on Load Rating. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317634.
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Corrosion in the girders of steel girder bridges often occurs due to the deicing salts, water, and other debris that leak through the deck joints into the web and bottom flange at the girder ends. Corrosion causes loss of cross-sectional area leading to a reduction in section properties of the member, which eventually results in a reduction in structural resistance against shear and bearing. In this study, seven full-scale tests were performed on decommissioned steel girders acquired from bridges scheduled for demolition in Indiana. Two of the four girders had severe corrosion with cracks and holes in the bottom of the web induced by corrosion, while four girders had moderate section loss induced artificially. All seven girders were subjected to shear loading to determine the residual shear and bearing capacity. Test results revealed a reduction in strength due to section loss compared to nominal sections. Failure modes observed during these four large-scale experiments were shear buckling, shear rupture, and web local crippling. Finite element models were developed and benchmarked to the experimental results. Parametric studies were performed for unstiffened and stiffened girders and included different corrosion scenarios by varying parameters such as corrosion height, length, and thickness loss. Results were analyzed to investigate the effect of each parameter and a modification factor was developed to estimate the residual shear and bearing capacity of corroded girders.
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Tarasova, Anna, Deven Kanakamedala, Jungil Seo, Amit H. Varma, and Robert J. Connor. New Repair Strategies for Life-Cycle Extension of Corroded Steel Girder Bridges. Purdue University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317748.
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Steel girder ends are susceptible to corrosion damage due to deicing salts, water, and other contaminants leaking from failed expansion joints. When corrosion becomes significant, it leads to a reduction in the sectional properties of steel girders and consequently reduces bearing and shear resistance. Conventional repair methods, although effective, require substantial time and resources to complete, causing public inconvenience from necessary traffic closures. Therefore, there is a need for practical, rapid, and robust repair methods suitable for implementation by local Department of Transportation (DOT) maintenance personnel. In this study, five innovative repair methods were systematically evaluated through a selection process called the House of Quality Matrix. After completing the comprehensive evaluation and additional numerical simulations, the "sandwich panel" repair method was selected for further investigation. The "sandwich panel" repair method encased the corroded region with a filler material reinforced by threaded rods. Two thin steel plates installed on both girder sides served as stay-in-place formwork. This expedited the installation process and eliminated the labor-intensive steps of jacking, welding, and formwork disassembly, thus making the repair more cost-effective and less time-consuming. The structural performance of the repair method was evaluated experimentally by conducting seven large-scale tests. Various test parameters were considered in the tests, including (1) threaded rod layout, (2) filler material, and (3) support condition. The experimental results indicated that the method was effective in restoring their original design strength. A parametric study complemented the experimental evaluation, using the finite element models benchmarked with experimental results. Design guidelines and recommendations were developed based on the experimental and numerical results.
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Maranghides, A. Initial Reconnaissance of the 2011 Wildland-Urban Interfaces Fires in Amarillo, Texas. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1708.
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working to reduce the risk of fire spread in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) communities. An objective of this work is to develop first generation tools for improved risk assessment and risk mitigation in WUI communities at risk from wildfires. These tools will be developed and tested through a coordinated effort that includes laboratory and field measurements, physics-based fire behavior models, and economic cost analysis models. NIST and Texas Forest Service (TFS) worked together in October 2010 to train TFS personnel in the NIST-developed WUI data collection methodology. While the fires that started on February 27, 2011 were still burning around Amarillo, NIST and TFS decided to deploy the joint Team and document the WUI fire event loses and fire behavior. The Tanglewood WUI fire in the outskirts of Amarillo was responsible for the destruction of approximately 101 structures including 35 residences. Field measurements included structure particulars, specifically building construction materials, proximity and type of combustibles to the structure, and damage to wildland and residential vegetation. Documentation included over 29 000 photographs. The data collection and analysis will be documented in two phases, an initial reconnaissance/overview report and a technical report. This summary report will address the particulars of the joint NIST/TFS deployment and the data collection methodology used. Additionally, this report provides a summary of the primary structures lost. A second more detailed technical report will provide the event timeline reconstruction and general fire behavior observations as well as investigate the impacts of structure attributes, landscaping characteristics, topographical features and wildland fire exposure on structure survivability