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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structural mapping'
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1
Elmgren, Lindsay Dorn. "Epitope mapping of lyssavirus structural proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0014/NQ38783.pdf.
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Razib, Muhammad. "Structural Surface Mapping for Shape Analysis." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3517.
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Natural surfaces are usually associated with feature graphs, such as the cortical surface with anatomical atlas structure. Such a feature graph subdivides the whole surface into meaningful sub-regions. Existing brain mapping and registration methods did not integrate anatomical atlas structures. As a result, with existing brain mappings, it is difficult to visualize and compare the atlas structures. And also existing brain registration methods can not guarantee the best possible alignment of the cortical regions which can help computing more accurate shape similarity metrics for neurodegenerative disease analysis, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD) classification. Also, not much attention has been paid to tackle surface parameterization and registration with graph constraints in a rigorous way which have many applications in graphics, e.g., surface and image morphing.
This dissertation explores structural mappings for shape analysis of surfaces using the feature graphs as constraints. (1) First, we propose structural brain mapping which maps the brain cortical surface onto a planar convex domain using Tutte embedding of a novel atlas graph and harmonic map with atlas graph constraints to facilitate visualization and comparison between the atlas structures. (2) Next, we propose a novel brain registration technique based on an intrinsic atlas-constrained harmonic map which provides the best possible alignment of the cortical regions. (3) After that, the proposed brain registration technique has been applied to compute shape similarity metrics for AD classification. (4) Finally, we propose techniques to compute intrinsic graph-constrained parameterization and registration for general genus-0 surfaces which have been used in surface and image morphing applications.
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Polyak, Maria J. "Structural analysis and epitope mapping of CD20." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ49652.pdf.
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Ribeiro, Susana Abreu. "Structural and functional mapping of the vertebrate centromere." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4653.
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Mitosis is the shortest phase of the cell cycle but visually the most outstanding. The key goal of mitosis is to accurately drive chromosome segregation. On one hand, DNA has to be condensed into characteristically shaped chromosomes. On the other hand, a very specialized structure needs to be built to conduct segregation, the mitotic spindle which is composed of microtubules organized into an antiparallel array between the two poles. The interaction between microtubules and chromosomes occurs at the kinetochore, a macromolecular complex assembled in mitosis at the centromere. The centromere/kinetochore monitors proper spindle microtubule attachment to each of the chromosomes, aligning them at the metaphase plate and also ensuring that chromosome segregation happens in perfect synchrony. Although centromeres are present in all eukaryotes, their basic structure and chromatin folding are still poorly understood. One of the aims of my work was to understand the function of the condensin complex specifically at the centromere during mitosis. Condensin I and II are pentameric protein complexes that are among the most abundant components of mitotic chromosomes. I have shown that condensin is important to confer stiffness to the innercentromeric chromatin once spindle microtubules interact with kinetochores in metaphase. Labile inner-centromeric regions delay mitotic progression by altering microtubule-kinetochore attachments and/or dynamics with a consequent increase in levels of Mad2 checkpoint protein bound to kinetochores. In the absence of condensin, kinetochores perform prominent “excursions” toward the poles trailing behind a thin thread of chromatin. These excursions are reversible suggesting that the centromeric chromatin behaves like an elastic polymer. During these excursions I noticed that only the inner centromeric chromatin was subjected to reversible deformations while the kinetochores (inner and outer plates) remained mostly unaltered. This suggested that the centromeric chromatin part of the inner kinetochore plate was organised differently from the subjacent chromatin. I went on to investigate how the centromeric chromatin is organised within the inner kinetochore domain. Super-resolution analyses of artificially unfolded centromeric chromatin revealed novel details of the vertebrate inner kinetochore domain. All together, the data allowed me to propose a new model for the centromeric chromatin folding: CENP-A domains are interspersed with H3 domains arranged in a linear segment that forms planar sinusoidal waves distributed in several layers. Both CENP-A and H3 arrays face the external surface, building a platform for CCAN proteins. CENP-C binds to more internal CENP-A blocks thereby crosslinking the layers. This organization of the chromatin explains the localisation and similar compliant behaviour that CENP-A and CENP-C showed when kinetochores come under tension. Other kinetochore proteins (the KMN complex) assemble in mitosis on top of the CCAN and bind microtubules. KMN binding may confer an extra degree of stability to the kinetochore by crosslinking CENP-C either directly or indirectly. My work and the testable model that I have developed for kinetochore organization provide a fundamental advance in our understanding of this specialized chromosomal substructure.
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Wilde, Andrew Rhys. "Epitope mapping and structural studies on TGN 38/41." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386177.
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Giordani, Alessandra. "Structural Mapping between Natural Language Questions and SQL Queries." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368386.
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A core problem in data mining is to retrieve data in an easy and human friendly way. Automatically translating natural language questions into SQL queries would allow for the design of effective and useful database systems from a user viewpoint.
In this thesis, we approach such problem by carrying out a mapping between natural language (NL) and SQL syntactic structures. The mapping is automatically derived by applying machine learning algorithms. In particular, we generate a dataset of pairs of NL questions and SQL queries represented by means of their syntactic trees automatically derived by their respective syntactic parsers. Then, we train a classifier for detecting correct and incorrect pairs of questions and queries using kernel methods along with Support Vector Machines.
Experimental results on two different datasets show that our approach is viable to select the correct SQL query for a given natural language questions in two target domains.
Given that preliminary results were encouraging we implemented an SQL query generator that creates the set of candidate SQL queries which we rerank with a SVM-ranker based on tree kernels.
In particular we exploit linguistic dependencies in the natural language question and the database metadata to build a set of plausible SELECT, WHERE and FROM clauses enriched with meaningful joins. Then, we combine all the clauses to get the set of all possible SQL queries, producing candidate queries to answer the question. This approach can be recursively applied to deal with complex questions, requiring nested sub-queries.
We sort the candidates in terms of scores of correctness using a weighting scheme applied to the query generation rules.
Then, we use a SVM ranker trained with structural kernels to reorder the list of question and query pairs, where both members are again represented as syntactic trees.
The f-measure of our model on standard benchmarks is in line with the best models (85% on the first question), which use external and expensive hand-crafted resources such as the semantic interpretation. Moreover, we can provide a set of candidate answers with a Recall of the answer of about 92% and 96% on the first 2 and 5 candidates, respectively.}
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Giordani, Alessandra. "Structural Mapping between Natural Language Questions and SQL Queries." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2012. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/829/1/phd-thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
A core problem in data mining is to retrieve data in an easy and human friendly way. Automatically translating natural language questions into SQL queries would allow for the design of effective and useful database systems from a user viewpoint.
In this thesis, we approach such problem by carrying out a mapping between natural language (NL) and SQL syntactic structures. The mapping is automatically derived by applying machine learning algorithms. In particular, we generate a dataset of pairs of NL questions and SQL queries represented by means of their syntactic trees automatically derived by their respective syntactic parsers. Then, we train a classifier for detecting correct and incorrect pairs of questions and queries using kernel methods along with Support Vector Machines.
Experimental results on two different datasets show that our approach is viable to select the correct SQL query for a given natural language questions in two target domains.
Given that preliminary results were encouraging we implemented an SQL query generator that creates the set of candidate SQL queries which we rerank with a SVM-ranker based on tree kernels.
In particular we exploit linguistic dependencies in the natural language question and the database metadata to build a set of plausible SELECT, WHERE and FROM clauses enriched with meaningful joins. Then, we combine all the clauses to get the set of all possible SQL queries, producing candidate queries to answer the question. This approach can be recursively applied to deal with complex questions, requiring nested sub-queries.
We sort the candidates in terms of scores of correctness using a weighting scheme applied to the query generation rules.
Then, we use a SVM ranker trained with structural kernels to reorder the list of question and query pairs, where both members are again represented as syntactic trees.
The f-measure of our model on standard benchmarks is in line with the best models (85% on the first question), which use external and expensive hand-crafted resources such as the semantic interpretation. Moreover, we can provide a set of candidate answers with a Recall of the answer of about 92% and 96% on the first 2 and 5 candidates, respectively.}
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Armstrong, Thomas Robert. "Structural and Petrologic Evolution of Acadian Dome Structures in Southern Vermont." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37857.
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Petrologic and thermobarometric studies, coupled with geologic mapping and structural analysis, provide critical evaluation of several different models for Acadian (Late Silurian to Middle Devonian) dome evolution in southern Vermont. Previous models considered diapiric uprise and composite nappe-stage crustal thickening and subsequent diapirism as likely causes of dome formation. Both of these previous models result in symmetrical distribution of P-T values about the dome structures with corresponding coreward increases in temperature, and typically, coreward decrease in associated pressures. Thermobarometric calculations made during this study demonstrate that both P and T increase eastward across the entire region and are not symmetrically distributed about dome axes. The P-T data coupled with petrographically derived relative age relationships and available geochronology also suggest that attainment of peak metamorphic conditions and concurrent dome-stage deformation are diachronous and young from west to east. These relationships are consistent with new geologic mapping and structural analysis which show that all of the domes in southern Vermont are low-amplitude fold interference structures. A current tectonic model indicates that Acadian Barrovian metamorphism in this region was a consequence of west-directed crustal thickening of an eastward dipping tectonic wedge, presumably from the Bronson Hill Terrane; an Ordovician arc sequence. The basal surface of this allochthonous mass projects above the present land surface within this area. Accretion of lower-plate rocks (of this study) into the thrust complex and continued west-directed thrusting of the accreted package over a seismically recognizable east dipping ramp structure provided the necessary geometry and mechanism for dome-stage fabric development, calculated uplift rates (1.2 to 1.7 km/m.y. and west to east younging of Acadian structural and metamorphic evolution.
Thermobarometric and geochronologic estimates of metamorphic pressure - temperature (P-T) conditions and metamorphic cooling ages were used to constrain the required thermal and tectonic input parameters for use in one-dimensional thermal modeling of an Acadian (Silurian-Devonian} tectonotherma! regime within the pre-Silurian Taconide zone of southern Vermont. This regime includes: 1) garnet-grade rocks from the eastern flank of an Acadian composite dome structure (Sadawga Dome; the western domain); 2) staurolite/kyanite-grade rocks from the western flank of a second composite structure, the Athens dome (eastern domain). Results from thermal modeling include development of P-T paths, temperature-time (T-t) and pressure-time (P-t) curves, related values of maximum temperature and pressure, pressure conditions at maximum temperature, predicted closure ages for radiogenic phases, and integrated uplift and cooling rates.
Thermal modeling results are remarkably similar to independently obtained data for Acadian regional metamorphism in western New England, and provide some important constraints on regional thermal evolution: 1) pressure values contemporaneous with peak temperature on P-T paths may be substantially lower than actual maximum pressure (> 2.5 kbars); 2) differences in peak temperature for rocks initially loaded to similar crustal depths (garnetgrade vs. staurolite-grade), differences in calculated uplift rates, and differences in Ar closure ages, are consequences of variations in durations of isobaric heating events (or "residence periods"), and differences in actual tectonic uplift rates. These modeling results are internally consistent with structural model that suggests west to east younging of specific Acadian deformations and resultant diachroneity of peak metamorphic and Ar closure ages. Regional variations in timing and conditions of metamorphism may be controlled by diachronous deformational events coupled with variations in crustal levels to which rocks were initially loaded during the ca. 400 Ma onset of Acadian orogenesis in western New England.<br>Ph. D.
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Hedin, Baastrup Hugo. "Structural Reconnaissance Mapping of the Nasa Basement Window, Southern Norrbotten Caledonides." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72044.
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Too few documentative descriptions exist from the reactivated Proterozoic Nasa Basement window in Sweden. This re-exposed crustal piece predominantly consisting of 1.8 Ga granite and volcanic basement rock lack structural evidences on maps. The Western Gneiss region gave example of how rocks in extreme cases may experience protolith overprinting through collisional vertical granite basement subduction to eclogite ambient conditions, which would give traces in metamorphic quartz (coesite), muscovite, pyroxene and kyanite, and increased densities. Preliminary indications from literature points towards a locally passive Nasa Basement with limited translation, but because of too little documentation it cannot be assured metamorphic inertia under fluid absence has been unimportant in the basement evolution. To address this highly structural issue, field reconnaissance mapping and sampling was carried out, and aimed to achieve a structural characterisation of historic deformation back to Proterozoic time. Observations were collected from 166 outcrop vicinities, and 17 of 27 carefully examined thin sections aimed to describe microscopic structures, in addition to mineral relation to metamorphic minerals. Collected evidences in this project encompass a Proterozoic macroscopic concentric fold with axis striking NW-SE, as well as, mesoscopic folds striking WNW-ESE. Tectonic movements record syn-collisional top-SE and post- collisional top-SW translation, which truncate weakly shortened and foliated blocks. Basement blocks locally preserve igneous coarse but weakly recrystallized texture fabrics. Overall optically produced paleothermometry indicates low- to medium grade facies conditions of deformation, through widespread bulging recrystallization, occasional subgrain rotation and rare grain boundary migration in quartz. Feldspar response to deformation is brittle and rarely ductile. Hydrous biotite, chlorite and epidote are abundant. Mineralogy together with an observed average density of 2,6 g/cm3 can possibly reject the idea of unreacted local continental subduction to eclogite depths, due to the overall presence of hydrous mineral phases. Top-to-the shear sense proves Caledonian reactivation, but Bourguer anomaly indicates at least locally an important limited translation. NW-SE striking lineaments and strikes of foliation show best accordance with lineaments mapped in Norway and alignment with tectonic contacts in the Baltica interior, and do so show the best examples of candidates for Proterozoic structures.
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Franzén, William. "Mapping Connectivity in the Swedish Agricultural Landscape." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39253.
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The changes that Swedish agriculture has undergone during the 20th century has resulted in strongly increased productivity, but at the cost of more intensive environmental impacts. One of these is loss of biodiversity, which is driven by, e.g., usage of pesticides and loss and fragmentation of habitats. A vital process for resilient ecosystems is the possibility for species to move between habitats, known as connectivity. One approach to increase connectivity is through strategic perennialization in the agricultural landscape. The aim of this thesis is to map structural connectivity in agricultural landscapes in two major agricultural regions in Sweden and explore options for enhancing connectivity by strategic perennialization. Objectives include the development of a model to map structural connectivity in the Swedish agricultural landscape, identify landscapes where conditions for biodiversity can be improved by strengthening the structural connectivity, and investigate the potential to improve the conditions for biodiversity by introducing perennial crops in the agricultural landscape. The resulting model is based on circuit theory using the software Circuitscape, in which land cover is treated as electric circuits, which are assigned resistance based on the permeability of different types of land cover. The resistance in the developed model is based partly on human impact and partly on structural differences from areas of high biological values, or value cores, between which connectivity is modelled, in terms of object height- and cover. Two agricultural production areas were investigated, Skåne plains and Västra Götaland plains, as well as a testing area in Skåne county. Connectivity maps were created and analysed, and potential areas for strategic perennialization were identified. A strategic perennialization scenario was also modelled in the testing area. Since the application of the model is structural connectivity, uncertainties regarding how well it relates to functional connectivity varies between species. Structural connectivity has nonetheless been shown to facilitate functional connectivity in several aspects. No significant difference in connectivity could be found in the trial area following the introduction of strategic perennialization, but this is most likely due to assumptions behind area selection. Therefore, other approaches for identifying promising locations for strategic perennialization, based on connectivity maps, need to be explored.<br><p>2020-06-13</p>
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Kleynhans, Ilse. "A critical appraisal of regional geotechnical mapping in South Africa." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08122005-111838.
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Liu, Victor. "Single Molecule Approaches to Mapping DNA Replication Origins." eScholarship@UMMS, 2017. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/965.
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DNA replication is a fundamental process that is primarily regulated at the initiation step. In higher eukaryotes, the location and properties of replication origins are not well understood. Existing genome-wide approaches to map origins—such as nascent strand abundance mapping, Okazaki fragment mapping, or chromatin immunoprecipitation-based assays—average the behavior of a population of cells. However, due to cell-to-cell variability in origin usage, single molecule techniques are necessary to investigate the actual behavior of a cell. Here, I investigate the feasibility of using three single molecule, genome-wide technologies to map origins of replication. The Pacific Biosciences Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing technology, the BioNano Genomics Irys optical mapping technology, and the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION nanopore sequencing technology are promising approaches that can advance our understanding of DNA replication in higher eukaryotes.
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Lam, Tai-wai. "Structural organization, transcriptional regulation and chromosomal localization of the human secretin gene." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23316652.
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Philpott, R. "A structural geology computer-aided mapping study of the Jovian satellite, Ganymede." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47659.
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Legeay, Simon. "Mesoscopic mapping of the human structural connectome using high-performance global tractography." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPAST013.
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Cartographier le connectome structurel humain est un des enjeux majeurs de la neuroimagerie. Face à l'immensité des connexions neuronales, les méthodes d'imagerie n'ont cessé d'évoluer pour gagner en détails. Des dissections de Klingler à l'IRM de diffusion et aux méthodes de microscopie avancées, ces modalités complémentaires améliorent notre compréhension de l'architecture de la matière blanche à différentes échelles. La tractographie a été introduite comme méthode computationnelle visant la reconstruction virtuelle de fibres axonales à partir de données d'IRM pondérées en diffusion. Parmi ces méthodes, la méthode de tractographie globale repose sur l'utilisation de verres de spin, de petites portions de fibres axonales, dont les positions, orientations et connexions sont des variables optimisées conjointement par le biais d'une fonction de coût. Contrairement aux méthodes conventionnelles, qui estiment ces variables individuellement pour chaque fibre, cette approche identifie un optimum global tendant vers les configurations de fibres les plus plausibles compte tenu des directions axonales modélisées grâce l'IRM de diffusion. Le processus d'optimisation de Metropolis-Hastings sous-jacent demeure très coûteux computationnellement, empêchant tout usage à large échelle. Dans cette optique, ExaTract a été développé au sein de cette thèse pour considérablement accélérer les calculs tirant parti de l'émergence des architectures HPC. ExaTract s'applique aussi bien sur des jeux de données d'IRM de diffusion in vivo conventionnels que sur des jeux de données de très hautes résolutions issus de l'IRM à haut champ ou de la microscopie 3D-PLI. Là où les approches dites de phénotypage large cherchent à acquérir des données sur de larges cohortes de sujets pour en extraire des patterns, le phénotypage profond vise une cartographie précise et exhaustive d'un nombre réduit de spécimens. C'est dans cette approche qu'a été initié le projet Chenonceau: en repoussant les limites de l'IRM à haut champ, un cerveau human post-mortem a été imagé sur deux campagnes d'acquisition étalées sur près de 2 ans et menées conjointement sur les IRMs précliniques à 7 et à 11.7 Tesla de NeuroSpin, atteignant jusqu'à 100 µm de résolution. Ce jeu de données d'IRM multi-modale unique au monde rassemble 48 champs de vue couvrant le cerveau entier et fournit des caractéristiques cyto- et myélo-architectonique et de connectivité structurale à l'échelle mésoscopique. L'apport de cette thèse au sein du projet Chenonceau porte sur le traitement des données et la reconstruction de ce jeu de données massif à l'échelle du cerveau complet, permettant ainsi le partage à la communauté scientifique. Dans un troisième volet, ExaTract a été appliqué sur le jeu de données Chenonceau pour établir le premier atlas de connectivité du cerveau humain à l'échelle mésoscopique. Bénéficiant de méthodes de classification non-supervisée, l'atlas produit regroupe les faisceaux de matière blanche profonds, mais également les fibres courtes, alors observées à une échelle jamais atteinte auparavant. Bien que très peu étudiées dans la littérature, ces fibres ont été trouvées en très grand nombre au sein du cerveau Chenonceau<br>Mapping the human structural connectome is one of the major challenges of neuroimaging. Faced with the complexity of neuronal connections, imaging methods are constantly evolving to reveal ever-finer details. From Klingler dissections to diffusion MRI and advanced microscopy methods, these complementary modalities enhance our understanding of white matter architecture at multiple scales. Tractography has been introduced as a computational method for the virtual reconstruction of axonal fibres from diffusion-weighted MRI data. Among these methods, the global tractography method is based on the use of spin glasses, small portions of axonal fibres, whose positions, orientations and connections are variables jointly optimised by means of a cost function. Unlike conventional methods, which estimate these variables individually for each fibre, this approach identifies a global optimum tending towards the most plausible fibre configurations given the axonal directions derived from diffusion MRI. The underlying Metropolis-Hastings optimisation process remains computationally very expensive, preventing any large-scale use. To this end, ExaTract was developed as part of this thesis to considerably speed up computations, taking advantage of the emergence of HPC architectures. ExaTract can be applied both to conventional in vivo diffusion MRI datasets and to very high-resolution datasets from high-field MRI or 3D-PLI microscopy. Whereas wide phenotyping approaches aim to acquire data on large cohorts of subjects to extract patterns, deep phenotyping focuses on precise and exhaustive mapping of a small number of specimens. The Chenonceau project took this approach: by pushing the boundaries of high-field MRI, a post-mortem human brain was acquired over two campaigns spread over nearly 2 years and carried out jointly on NeuroSpin's 7 and 11.7 Tesla preclinical MRIs, achieving up to 100 µm resolutions. This unique in-the-world multi-modal MRI dataset gathers 48 fields of view covering the whole brain and provides cyto- and myelo-architectonic features and structural connectivity at the mesoscopic scale. The contribution of this thesis to the Chenonceau project concerns data processing and the reconstruction of this massive dataset at a whole-brain scale, allowing it to be shared with the scientific community. In a third aspect, ExaTract was applied to the Chenonceau dataset to establish the first atlas of human brain connectivity on a mesoscopic scale. Using unsupervised clustering methods, the built atlas includes not only deep white matter bundles but also short fibres, which were observed on a scale never met before. Although poorly studied in the literature, these fibres were found in very large numbers in the Chenonceau brain
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Davoren, Mark. "A structural approach to the mapping problem in parallel discrete event logic simulations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14748.
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Ahern, Alexandra Anne. "Lineations and Structural Mapping of Io's Paterae and Mountains: Implications for Internal Stresses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6201.
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Io, the most volcanically active body in the solar system, also has some of the tallest and steepest mountains. The mountains seem to be tectonic in origin, yet the methods of their formation have not been decisively constrained and their associations with volcanic paterae are yet unclear. We have compiled global spatial statistics on mountain dimensions and orientations, lineations attributed to structures, straight patera margins, and patera dimensions in order to better define their genetic relationships and the mechanisms forming each type of feature. Additionally, we have produced 4 regional structural maps of mountain complexes and have proposed tectonic histories. Global statistics show that paterae and mountains and their associated lineations are more common at low latitudes and that lineations attributed to tectonics have preferred azimuths of 45° and 135°, whereas straight patera margins and azimuths appear more random. Additionally, tectonic lineations tend to cluster to those of similar types and are smaller when closer together. Mountains in general on Io are isolated, varied in size and shape, and have no significant geographic patterns in those variations. These results may indicate that global-scale processes are involved in forming Io's tectonic structures, but that the diversity of mountain characteristics and the collapse of paterae adjacent to mountain complexes may be more regionally controlled. Mapping of the Hi'iaka, Shamshu, Tohil, and Zal regions has shown that Io's mountains reside in large, faulted-bounded crustal blocks, which have undergone modification through local responses of subsurface structures. Strike-slip motion along reactivated faults has led to the formation of both transpressional and transtensional features, creating tall peaks and low basins, some of which are now occupied by paterae. Subsurface structures play a large role in Io's mountain diversity. Based on interpretation of statistical results and on our localized mapping, we propose that Io's mountains result from a combination of crustal stresses involving both global and local-scale processes. Multiple faults and fractures in a variety of orientations formed in Io's lithosphere, created over billions of years by stresses imposed by volcanic loading and tidal flexing. These faults have been progressively buried over time under multiple layers of volcanic material. Stresses continuing from loading and tidal massaging sometimes occur at oblique angles to pre-existing faults, reactivating them as reverse, normal, or strike-slip faults. Because of this, large, cohesive fault-bounded blocks have undergone both transpressional and transtensional modification. Further degradation of mountains has also occurred from extensive mass wasting, gravitational collapse, and erosion by sublimation and sapping of sulfur-rich layers within the crust. This model of fault-bounded blocks being modified by continual stresses and local structural response accounts for the variation and patterns of mountain sizes, shapes, and orientations, along with their isolation and interactions with other features. It presents an explanation for the influence of global and regional tectonics and a more detailed account of the formation of some of Io's remarkable mountains.
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DeKemp, Eric Anthony. "Three-dimensional integration and visualization of structural field data : tools for regional subsurface mapping = Integration et visualisation 3-D de données structurales de terrain : outils pour la cartographie géologique régionale /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Long, Evan Michael. "Genomic Structural Variation Across Five Continental Populations of Drosophila melanogaster." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7335.
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Chromosomal structure variations (SV) including insertions, deletions, inversions, and translocations occur within the genome and can have a significant effect on organismalphenotype. Some of these effects are caused by structural variations containing genes. Modern sequencing using short reads makes the detection of large structural variations (> 1kb) very difficult. Large structural variations represent a significant amount of the genetic diversity within a population. We used a global sampling of Drosophila melanogaster (Ithaca, Zimbabwe, Beijing, Tasmania, and Netherlands) to represent diverse populations. We used long-read sequencing and optical mapping technologies to identify SVs in these genomes. Because the average read length used for these approaches are much longer than traditional short read sequencing, these maps facilitate the identification of chromosomal SVs of greater size and with more clarity. We found a wide diversity of structural variations in each of the five strains. These structural variations varied greatly in size and location, and significantly affected exonic regions of the genome. Structural variations accounted for a much larger difference in number of base pairs between strains than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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林大偉 and Tai-wai Lam. "Structural organization, transcriptional regulation and chromosomal localization of the human secretin gene." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224593.
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Gu, Degui. "Incorporating structural information into interpretation of satellite images of forests /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6818.
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Meyer, Denise [Verfasser]. "Epitope mapping of the structural protein Erns of Classical swine fever virus / Denise Meyer." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018974148/34.
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Groenewald, Johannes Zacharias. "Tagging and mapping of prominent structural genes on chromosome arm 7DL of common wheat." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52474.
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Thesis (PhD (Agric)) -- Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chromosome arm 7DL of common wheat carries genes for agronomically important traits such
as leaf rust, stem rust, Russian wheat aphid and eye spot resistance. Some of these genes occur
on introgressed foreign chromatin, which restricts their utility in breeding. The 7DL genetic
maps are poorly resolved, which seriously hampers attempts to manipulate the genes and
introgressed regions in breeding. This dissertation represents an attempt to improve our
knowledge of the relative map positions of three resistance genes that have significant potential
for use in local breeding programmes.
The leaf rust resistance gene, Lr19, is located on a Thinopyrum ponticum-derived translocation
which occupies a large part of the terminal end of 7DL. The translocation also carries genes for
less favourable traits such as yellow flour colour. Attempts have been made to reduce the size of
the translocation through allosyndetic pairing induction; the primary aims being to remove
deleterious genes and to minimise the amount of foreign chromatin associated with Lr19 so it can
be recombined with other useful 7DL genes. Twenty-nine 'Indis'-derived Lr 19 deletion mutants
were previously produced by gamma irradiation and a physical map was constructed. In this
study, the set of mutant lines were further analysed using 144 Sse8387I/Msei and 32 EcoRI/Msel
amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. The previous physical
map, which was based on five restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and five
structural gene loci, was extended and now includes 95 novel AFLP markers (86 Sse8387I/Msei
and 9EcoRI!Msel markers), of which seven map close to Lr 19. Most of the deletions could be
ordered according to size and the improved map has already been used to characterise shortened
recombinant forms of the Lr 19 translocation. An unsuccessful attempt was made to convert one
of the seven markers closest to Lr 19 into a sequence-specific marker. However, an AFLP
marker located distally from Lr 19 was successfully converted into a sequence-specific marker in
collaboration with other researchers.
An attempt was also made to map and tag the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) resistance gene, Dn5.
A doubled haploid mapping population consisting of 94 lines was created and typed for Dn5,
four microsatellite loci and the endopeptidase locus, Ep-Dl. The Dn5 locus mapped 25.4 cM
and 28.6 cM distally from Xg.vm111 and Xg.vm437, respectively, but was not linked to Xgwm428, Xgwm3 7 or Ep-Dl. Tagging of Dn5 was attempted by screening twelve homozygous
resistant and seven homozygous susceptible F2 lines from a cross between 'Chinese Spring' and
'PI 294994' with 70 Sse8387IIi\1sei AFLP primer combinations. Only two potentially useful
polymorphisms (one in coupling and one in repulsion phase) were identified. Conversion of the
coupling phase marker to a sequence-specific marker was not successful.
The eyespot resistance gene, Pchl , was derived from Triticum ventricosum and is present in the
wheat VPM-1. Close association between Pchl and the endopeptidase Ep-Dlb allele has been
reported previously. Pchl/Ep-Dl was tagged by screening ten wheat genotypes (each
homozygous for the confirmed presence or absence of Pchl and/or Ep-Dl b) with 36
Sse83 87I/ Msei AFLP primer combinations. Three AFLP markers were closely associated with
Pchl I Ep-D 1, one of which was targeted for conversion into a sequence-specific marker. The
sequence-specific marker contained a microsatellite core motif and was found to be useful for
tagging Pchl!Ep-Dl. A genetic distance of 2 cM was calculated between the novel
microsatellite marker and Ep-Dl. The microsatellite marker was also polymorphic for the Lr 19
translocation and it was possible to map it between the Wsp-Dl and Sr25 loci.
In this dissertation, mapping and/or tagging of three important resistance genes were achieved.
Due to the fact that all markers used in these studies were not polymorphic between all of the
targeted regions, it was not possible to fully integrate the data obtained for the three regions.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Chromosoom arm 7DL van broodkoring dra gene vir agronomies-belangrike kenrnerke soos
blaarroes, stamroes, Russiese koringluis en oogvlek weerstand. Sommige van hierdie gene kom
voor in blokke spesie-verhaalde chromatien wat hul bruikbaarheid in teling beperk. Die
genetiese kaarte van 7DL is swak ontwikkel en dit maak dit baie moeilik om hierdie gene en
spesie-verhaalde streke tydens teling te manipuleer. Hierdie proefskrif verteenwoordig 'n paging
om kennis van die relatiewe kaart liggings van drie weerstandsgene, met betekenisvolle
potensiaal in plaaslike tee! programme, te verbreed.
Die blaarroes weerstandsgeen, Lr 19, kom voor op 'n Thinopyrum ponticum-verhaalde
translokasie wat 'n groot terminale gedeelte van 7DL beslaan. Die translokasie dra ook gene vir
minder gewensde kenrnerke soos gee! meelkleur. Pogings is aangewend om die translokasie
deur homoeoloe parings-induksie te verkort. Die doe! was om nadelige gene te verplaas en die
hoeveelheid vreemde chromatien geassosieer met Lr 19 te minimiseer sodat dit met ander nuttige
gene op 7DL gerekombineer kan word. Nege-en-twintig 'Indis'-verhaalde Lr 19 delesie mutante
is vroeer met gamma bestraling geproduseer en gebruik om 'n fisiese kaart op te stel.
Teenswoordig is die stel mutante verder ontleed met behulp van 144 Sse8387I!Msei en 32
EcoRII Msel amplifikasie-fragment-lengte-polimorfisme (AFLP) inleier kombinasies. Die
bestaande fisiese kaart, wat gebaseer was op vyf restriksie-fragment-lengte-polimorfisme
(RFLP) merkers en vyf strukturele geen loki, is uitgebrei en sluit nou 95 unieke AFLP merkers
(86 Sse8387I/Msel en 9EcoRI/Msel merkers) in, waarvan sewe naby aan Lr19 karteer. Die
meeste van die delesies kon op grond van hulle grootte gegroepeer word en die verbeterde
fisiese kaart is alreeds gebruik om verkorte rekombinante vorms van die Lr 19 translokasie te
karakteriseer. 'n Onsuksesvolle paging is aangewend om een van die sewe merkers naaste aan
Lr 19 om te skakel na 'n volgorde-spesifieke merker. 'n AFLP merker wat distaal van Lr 19
karteer is egter wel suksesvol in samewerking met ander navorsers omgeskakel na 'n volgordespesifieke
merker.
'n Paging is ook aangewend om die Russiese koringluis (RKL) weerstandsgeen, Dn5, te karteer
en merkers gekoppel aan die geen te identifiseer. 'n Verdubbelde-haplo!ede karteringspopulasie
van 94 lyne is geskep en getipeer vir Dn5, vier mikrosatelliet loki en die endopeptidase lokus,
Ep-D1. Die Dn5 lokus karteer 25.4 cM en 28.6 cM distaal van Xgwml11 en Xgwm437, respektiewelik, maar was me gekoppel met Xgwm428, Xgwm37 of Ep-D1 me. Twaalf
homosigoties weerstandbiedende en sewe homosigoties vatbare F2 lyne uit die kruising:
'Chinese Spring' I 'PI 294994' is met 70 Sse8387VMsel AFLP inleier kombinasies getoets in 'n
poging om merkers vir Dn5 te identifiseer. Slegs twee moontlik bruikbare polimorfismes (een
in koppelings- en een in repulsie fase ), is ge'identifiseer. Omskakeling van die koppelingsfase
merker na 'n volgorde-spesifieke merker was onsuksesvol.
Die oogvlek weerstandsgeen, Pch1, is uit Triticum ventricosum oorgedra en kom voor in die
koringlyn, VPM-1. Noue koppeling van Pch1 en die endopeptidase alleel, Ep-D1 b, is vantevore
gerapporteer. Merkers is vir P chl I Ep-D 1 gevind deur tien koring genoti pes ( elkeen
homosigoties vir die bevestigde teenwoordigheid of afwesigheid van Pch1 en/of Ep-D1 b) te
toets met 36 Sse83871/kfsel AFLP inleier kombinasies. Drie AFLP merkers is gevind wat nou
koppel met Pchl!Ep-D1 , waarvan een gekies is vir omskakeling na 'n volgorde-spesifieke
merker. Die volgorde-spesifieke merker het 'n mikrosatelliet kernmotief bevat en was nuttig as
merker vir Pch1/Ep-D1. 'n Genetiese afstand van 2 cM is tussen die unieke mikrosatelliet
merker en Ep-D1 bereken. Die mikrosatelliet merker was ook polimorfies vir die Lr 19
translokasie en dit is tussen die Wsp-D1 en Sr25 loki gekarteer.
Kartering en/of identifikasie van merkers vir drie belangrike weerstandsgene was suksesvol in
hierdie studie. Omdat al die merkers wat gebruik is, nie polimorf was tussen al die streke van
belang nie, was dit nie moontlik om die data vir elk van die drie streke ten volle te integreer nie.
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Hanson, Christopher Jon. "Exploration of the Gossypium raimondii Genome Using Bionano Genomics Physical Mapping Technology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6854.
Full textAbstract:
Cotton is a crop with a large global economic impact as well as a large, complex genome. Most industrial cotton production is from two tetraploid species (Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.) which contain two subgenomes, specifically the AT and DT subgenomes. The DT subgenome is nearly half the size of the AT subgenome in tetraploid cotton and is closely related to an extant D-genome Gossypium species, G. raimondii Ulbr. Characterization of the structural variants present in diploid D-genome should provide greater insight into the evolution of the DT subgenome in the tetraploid cotton. Bionano (BNG) optical mapping uses patterns of fluorescent labels inserted at specific endonuclease sites to create physical maps of the genomes which can then be examined for structural variation. To develop optical maps in G. raimondii, we first developed a de novo PacBio long read sequence assembly of G. raimondii. This sequence assembly consisted of 2,379 contigs, an average contig length of 413 Kb and a contig N50 of 4.9 Mb. Using BNG technology, we developed two optical maps of the diploid D genome of G. raimondii. One was created using the Nt.BssSI endonuclease and one with the Nt.BspQI endonuclease. Using the BNG optical maps, the PacBio assembly was hybrid scaffolded into 100 scaffolds (+ 5 unscaffolded contigs) with an average scaffold length of 7.5 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 13.1 Mb. A comparison between the Nt. BssSI BNG optical map and the two sequence assemblies identified 3,195 structural variants. These were used to validate the accuracy of the reference sequence of G. raimondii and structural variants were used to create a new phylogeny of nine major cotton species.
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Windsor-Collins, Andrea Grace. "Resolving the morphological and mechanical properties of palm petioles : shape analysis methods for symmetric sections of natural form." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13722.
Full textAbstract:
Palms support the largest leaves in the world and have evolved on Earth for over 120 million years. They are often reported to be the only structure left standing post-hurricane. Cross-sectional shapes of cantilevered structures are important design factors affecting torsional and bending performance. Understanding the shape contribution of natural sections such as palm petioles (modified leaf stalks) is more difficult than those for simple 2D shapes because conventional methods of calculating section properties are not well suited to these irregular shapes. The role of internal structure, material properties and external shape of palm petioles in cantilever performance has been investigated and three main contributions to knowledge result from this research. Firstly, 3D mapping, i.e., the size, orientation and position, of vascular bundles in the Trachycarpus fortunei palm petiole reveals the distributions of stress and Young’s modulus values, providing a more detailed understanding of petioles than previous work. Secondly, bulk elastic material properties along the longitudinal axis of the same petiole are then input to a bi-layered model of the same petiole establishing the Young’s modulus of the two layers without mechanically testing them individually and for determining that the outer layer is not lignified. Thirdly, the largest contribution is the introduction of modified shape transformers employing the use of circular envelopes, eliminating error caused by approximating second moment of area with the torsional constant. This leads to a novel Shape Edge Mapping (SEM) technique which deconstructs petiole cross section shape elements and enables the structural contribution of these elements to be calculated, improving the understanding of the petiole section and how it relates to its mechanical function. This thesis makes a valuable addition to the knowledge of palm function and presents novel techniques for non-destructive extraction of natural shape data for abstraction and use in preliminary engineering design.
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Patil, Ujwal S. "Magnetic nanoparticles containing labeling reagents for cell surface mapping." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2049.
Full textAbstract:
Cell surface proteins play an important role in understanding cell-cell communication, cell signaling pathways, cell division and molecular pathogenesis in various diseases. Commonly used biotinylation regents for cell surface mapping have shown some potential drawbacks such as crossing the cell membrane, difficult recovery of biotinylated proteins from streptavidin/avidin beads, interference from endogenous biotin and nonspecific nature of streptavidin. With aim to solve these problems, we introduced sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) ester functionalized magnetic nanoparticles containing cleavable groups to label solvent exposed primary amine groups of proteins. Silica coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs) were linked to NHS ester groups via a cleavable disulfide bond. Additionally, the superparamagnetic properties of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs facilitate efficient separation of the labeled peptides and removal of the detergent without any extra step of purification. In the last step, the disulfide bond between the labeled peptides and MNPs was cleaved to release the labeled peptides. The disulfide linked NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs were tested using a small peptide, and a model protein (bovine serum albumin) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) of labeled peptides. In the next step, disulfide linked, NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs (150 nm) successfully labeled the solvent exposed cell surface peptides of Saccharomyces cerevisae. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed the cell surface binding of NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of 30 unique proteins containing 56 peptides.
Another MNPs based labeling reagent was developed to target solvent exposed carboxyl acid residues of peptides and proteins. The surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs was modified with free amine groups via a disulfide bond. Solvent exposed carboxyl groups of ACTH 4-11 and BSA were labeled by using1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) chemistry. Upon cleaving the disulfide bond, labeled peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.
The MNPs containing labeling reagents offers specific labeling under physiological conditions and rapid magnetic separation of labeled peptides prior to mass spectrometric analysis. The ability of large Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs to specifically attach to cell surface makes them a potential candidate to study the surface of variety of different cell types and complex proteins surrounded by lipid bilayer.
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Taylor, Ashley David. "Structural mapping adjacent to the 'Woman-in-White amphibolite' in the Olary Domain, South Australia /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbt238.pdf.
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Lancione, Marta. "Structural and functional neuroimaging using quantitative susceptibility mapping and ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2021. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/339/1/Lancione_phdthesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In the last decade, Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has been proven a promising Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tool for the non-invasive quantification of clinically relevant biomarkers, such as iron stores and myelination. The relative simplicity of QSM implementation, which does not require dedicated hardware or acquisition sequence, and its validation with histological evidence favored the diffusion of this technique in the clinical practice, particularly in the diagnosis and follow-up of neurodegenerative diseases. In this thesis, we discussed a critical issue affecting quantification, namely the dependence on acquisition parameters, and its implications for clinical and fundamental research. Specifically, we investigated QSM potential in the study of synucleinopathies, that is a group of neurodegenerative disorders including Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and its capability of detecting brain function via functional QSM (fQSM).
As a first step, we assessed how TE-dependence affects QSM intra- and inter-scanner reproducibility by performing repeated measurements on the same participants acquired with both a 3T and a 7T scanner. Then, we explored the impact of TE on the diagnostic accuracy of this technique by acquiring multi-echo data at 7T on MSA patients with Parkinsonian and cerebellar phenotypes and a group of Healthy Controls (HC). In this study, we also assessed the potential of histogram analysis in enhancing QSM diagnostic power. In a third work, we aimed to identify a presymptomatic biomarker in patients at risk for synucleinopathies using 7T QSM. Specifically, we measured and compared iron deposition in nigrosome 1 (a small ovoid-shaped structure located within the dorsolateral portion of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc)) of PD, idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) patients and HC. Finally, we implemented fQSM and explored its potential compared to fMRI using xii
7T MRI, a stimulation paradigm for tonotopic mapping, and univariate and multivariate analysis approaches.
Overall, these studies emphasize the importance of QSM in both structural and functional studies and prove that QSM is a versatile and powerful tool for a wide range of neuroimaging applications.
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DE, MEO ERMELINDA. "MAPPING STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MRI CORRELATES OF CLINICAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PEDIATRIC MS." Doctoral thesis, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/122895.
Full textAbstract:
During this PhD research course, different advanced MRI techniques were applied in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to characterize the neuroanatomical substrates of cognitive impairment, to explore the complex interplay between gray matter (GM) maturational processes and disease-related damage and to unravel in vivo potential pathogenetic mechanisms.
In details, inefficient regulation of the functional interaction between different areas of sustained attention system due to abnormal white matter (WM) integrity was identified as a potential substrate of cognitive impairment in pediatric MS patients.
In a longitudinal setting, we observed that pediatric MS patients experienced failures in GM development in several cortical and sub-cortical regions, as well as GM atrophy progression in most of these regions. These abnormalities were only partially related to focal MS lesions, thus suggesting the existence of early neurodegenerative processes independent from WM lesions. Furthermore, higher IQ, a proxy of cognitive reserve in pediatric patients, resulted as a protective factor against GM damage, being associated with reduced deviations from age-expected volumes of specific GM regions at baseline and during the follow-up.
Focusing on the thalamus, we observed a trend toward thalamic atrophy and we detected significant microstructural abnormalities as assessed by using different quantitative MRI measure (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and T1/T2-weighted ratio). Segmenting the thalamus and thalamic WM into concentric bands originating from CSF/thalamus interface, we observed significant microstructural abnormalities in bands nearest to CSF and in those closest to WM. Moreover, the abnormalities detected at CSF/thalamus interface correlated with cortical thickness reduction, while those at thalamus/WM interface with WM lesion volume. These findings support the hypothesis of heterogeneous pathological processes, including retrograde degeneration from WM lesions and CSF-mediated damage, leading to thalamic microstructural abnormalities, likely preceding macroscopic tissue loss.
In a longitudinal setting, we identified several predictors of disease course and prognosis in pediatric MS patients. Shorter time to first relapse was predicted by optic nerve lesions, while longer time was predicted by high-efficacy treatment exposure. Lesion location at baseline MRI scan together with disease activity during the first 2 years of disease significantly accounted for annualized relapse rate over 9-year of follow-up. The involvement of clinically eloquent sites (such as the optic nerve, brainstem, and spinal cord) at baseline, together with disability and MRI activity during the first 2 year of disease were found as significant predictors of 9-year disability.
Finally, analyzing data from the Italian MS Register, we showed that compared to post-pubertal, pre-pubertal onset pediatric MS patients took longer time from disease onset to convert to secondary progressive phenotype and to reach irreversible Expanded Disability Status Scale scores of 3, 4, and 6. These findings highlight a different natural history of pre- vs post-pubertal onset pediatric MS, pointing towards the existence of specific pathophysiological mechanisms, combined with a greater capacity of recovery to counteract damage, in younger pediatric MS patients.<br>Durante questo corso di dottorato di ricerca, sono state applicate diverse tecniche avanzate di risonanza magnetica (RM) in pazienti pediatrici con sclerosi multipla (SM) per caratterizzare i substrati neuroanatomici del deterioramento cognitivo, per esplorare la complessa interazione tra i processi maturativi della sostanza grigia (SG) e il danno correlato alla malattia e per individuare in vivo potenziali meccanismi patogenetici. Un’inefficiente regolazione dell'interazione funzionale tra diverse aree del sistema dell’ attenzione sostenuta a causa del danno macro- e micro-strutturale della sostanza bianca (SB) è stata identificata come un potenziale substrato del deterioramento cognitivo nei pazienti pediatrici con SM. In un setting longitudinale, abbiamo osservato che i pazienti pediatrici con SM vanno incontro ad alterazioni dello sviluppo della SG in diverse regioni corticali e sottocorticali ed a progressiva atrofia nella maggior parte di queste regioni. Queste anomalie apparivano solo parzialmente correlate alle lesioni focali tipiche della SM, suggerendo così l'esistenza di processi neurodegenerativi precoci, indipendenti dalle lesioni della SB. Inoltre, un QI più elevato, misura indiretta della riserva cognitiva nei pazienti pediatrici, è risultato un fattore protettivo contro il danno della SG, essendo associato a minor deviazione dai volumi attesi per età di specifiche regioni di SG. Focalizzandoci sul talamo, abbiamo osservato una tendenza all'atrofia di questa struttura ed abbiamo rilevato anomalie microstrutturali utilizzando diverse misure quantitative di RM (anisotropia frazionaria, diffusività media e rapporto T1/T2). Segmentando il talamo e la SB talamica in bande concentriche partendo dall'interfaccia liquor/talamo, abbiamo osservato anomalie microstrutturali nelle bande più vicine al liquor e in quelle più vicine alla SB. Inoltre, le alterazioni rilevate all'interfaccia liquor/talamo correlavano con la riduzione dello spessore corticale, mentre quelle all’interfaccia talamo/SB con il volume delle lesioni della SB. Questi risultati supportano l'ipotesi di processi patologici eterogenei: degenerazione retrograda da lesioni della SB e danno mediato dal liquor, che portano ad anomalie microstrutturali talamiche precedenti la perdita di sostanza. In un setting longitudinale, abbiamo identificato diversi predittori del decorso di malattia e della prognosi nei pazienti pediatrici con SM. Un intervallo tempo più breve tra l’esordio di malattia e la prima ricaduta appariva associato alla presenza di lesioni del nervo ottico, mentre un intervallo più lungo all'esposizione al trattamento. La localizzazione delle lesioni alla prima RM insieme all'attività di malattia durante i primi 2 anni correlava con il tasso di recidiva annualizzato in 9 anni di follow-up. Il coinvolgimento di siti clinicamente eloquenti (come il nervo ottico, il tronco cerebrale e il midollo spinale) insieme alla disabilità ed all'attività neuroradiologica durante i primi 2 anni di malattia sono stati individuati come predittori della disabilità a 9 anni. Infine, analizzando i dati del Registro Italiano Sclerosi Multipla, abbiamo dimostrato che rispetto ai pazienti pediatrici con SM ad esordio post-pubere, i pazienti con SM con esordio pre-pubere impiegano più tempo dall'insorgenza della malattia per convertire al fenotipo secondariamente progressivo e per raggiungere più elevati livelli di disabilità. Questi risultati evidenziano una diversa storia naturale della SM pediatrica pre- e post-pubere che indica l'esistenza di meccanismi fisiopatologici specifici ed una maggiore capacità di recupero nei pazienti pediatrici più giovani.
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Centeno-García, Elena. "Tectonic evolution of the Guerrero terrane, western Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186665.
Full textAbstract:
The Guerrero terrane of western Mexico is characterized by an Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary sequence of arc affinity. The arc assemblage rests unconformably on partially metamorphosed rocks of possible Triassic-Jurassic age. These "basement units," the Arteaga and Placeres Complexes and the Zacatecas Formation, are composed of deformed turbidites, basalts, volcanic-derived graywackes, and blocks of chert and limestone. Sandstones from the basement units are mostly quartzitic and have a recycled orogen-subduction complex provenance. They have negative ᵋNdi (-5 to -7), model Nd ages of 1.3 Ga., and enrichment in light REE, indicating that they were supplied from an evolved continental crust. The volcanic graywackes are derived from juvenile sources (depleted in LREE and ᵋNd = +6), though they represent a small volume of sediments. Primary sources for these turbidites might be the Grenville belt or NW South America. Basement rocks in western North America are not suitable sources because they are more isotopically evolved. Igneous rocks from the basement units are of MORB affinity (depleted LREE and ᵋNdi = +10 to +6). The Jurassic(?)-Cretaceous arc volcanic rocks have ᵋNdi (+7.9 to +3.9) and REE patterns similar to those of evolved intraoceanic island arcs. Sandstones related to the arc assemblage are predominantly volcaniclastic. These sediments have positive ᵋNdi values (+3 to +6) and REE with IAV-affinity. The Guerrero terrane seems to be characterized by two major tectonic assemblages. The Triassic-Middle Jurassic "basement assemblage" that corresponds to an ocean-floor assemblage with sediments derived from continental sources, and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous arc assemblage formed in an oceanic island arc setting. During the Laramide orogeny the arc was placed against nuclear Mexico. Then, the polarity of the sedimentation changed from westward to eastward, and sediments derived from the arc-assemblage flooded nuclear Mexico. This process marks the "continentalization" of the Guerrero terrane, which on average represents a large addition of juvenile crust to the western North American Cordillera during Mesozoic time.
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Copfer, Torrey J. "Geology of the Deseret Peak East 7.5' Quadrangle, Tooele County, Utah, and Impacts for Hydrology of the Region." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6723.
Full textAbstract:
Detailed geologic mapping of the Deseret Peak East 7.5' Quadrangle yields new interpretations regarding the stratigraphy of the Oquirrh Basin, fault and fold geometry, and structural evolution of the region. The Stansbury Range consists of the north-southtrending Deseret anticline. Basal Mississippian units rest unconformably on Cambrian beds in the central part of the range. Paleozoic uplift, Mesozoic contraction, and Cenozoic extension have created a series of broad folds, large thrust faults, and several normal faults.
The area is dominated by bedrock springs, with the presence of abundant and thick Quaternary deposits unrelated to Pleistocene glaciation, burying drainages, and mantling hillslopes. The influence of bedrock on groundwater flow paths and stream baseflow is suggested by local anecdotal reports that high snowfall in the Deseret Peak region generates high discharge ten miles south in Clover Creek, though they are not in the same drainage basin.
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Klingmann, Scot. "The application of a digital photogrammetry system to structural mapping at a large open pit mine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37959.pdf.
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Riopel, Simon. "The use of RADARSAT-1 imagery for lithological and structural mapping in the Canadian High Arctic." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ57178.pdf.
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Roberts, Toby John. "Structural and functional imaging in an experimental model of Huntingdon's disease : mapping pathogenesis and potential therapy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414834.
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Balcerski, Jeffrey. "Modeling and Mapping of the Structural Deformation of Large Impact Craters on the Moon and Mercury." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1436539210.
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Thal, Janis [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Bach, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Bohrmann. "High-resolution geologic mapping of seafloor structures and identification of structural systematics / Janis Thal. Gutachter: Wolfgang Bach ; Gerhard Bohrmann. Betreuer: Wolfgang Bach." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1072225921/34.
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Huang, Yan. "Structural Mapping of Paper Towels: Comparison of Twin Laser Profilometry and Synchrotron X-ray Micro-computed Tomography." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281751951.
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Sanders, Ashley Diane. "Mapping structural rearrangements in single cells by template strand sequencing to explore inversions in the human genome." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56271.
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Studies of genome heterogeneity and plasticity aim to resolve how genomic features underlie phenotypes and disease susceptibilities. Identifying genomic features that differ between individuals and cells can help uncover the functional variants that drive specific biological outcomes. For this, single cell studies are paramount, as characterizing the contribution of rare but functional cellular subpopulations is important for disease prognosis, management and progression. Until now, these studies have been challenged by our inability to map structural variants accurately and comprehensively. To overcome this, I employed the template strand sequencing method, Strand-seq, to preserve the organization and structure of individual homologues and visualize structural rearrangements in single cells. Using Strand-seq, I monitored homologue states in human genomes to quantify the degree of somatic rearrangements, and distinguished these from recurrent structural variants, such as inherited inversions. In so doing, I created an innovative tool to rapidly discover, map, and genotype structural polymorphisms with unprecedented resolution. Next, to facilitate systematic analyses of Strand-seq data, I developed novel bioinformatic software that locates putative genomic rearrangements in singles cells and identifies recurrent rearrangements across multiple cells. This provides an essential instrument for unbiased and non-targeted structural variant discovery in a high-throughput approach, helping to scale Strand-seq for population-based studies. Applying these tools, I explored the distribution and frequency of structural variation in a heterogeneous cell population to discover and genotype over 100 inversions in the human genome. I found significant structural heterogeneity resides in definable polymorphic domains and within complex and repetitive regions of our genome. Finally, I extended my strategy to comprehensively map the complete set of inversions in an individual’s genome and define their unique invertome. Comparing two invertomes, I found sets of inversions can be combined to make predictions about ancestry and health of an individual, and I characterized the architectural features of inversion breakpoints with base-pair resolution. Taken together, I describe a powerful new framework to study structural rearrangements and genomic heterogeneity in single cell samples, whether from individuals for population studies, or tissues for biomarker discovery.<br>Medicine, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Krupicka, Vaclav. "Development of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Structural Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Cultural Heritage samples." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0130.
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Ce travail de thèse propose le développement de nouvelles méthodologies en spectrométrie de masse (MS) haute résolution appliquées aux échantillons du Patrimoine Culturel (CH). En particulier, les développements se concentrent sur l’analyse protéomique top-down (TD) et l’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse MALDI (MSI), nous permettant de proposer respectivement des alternatives à l’analyse protéomique bottom-up (BU), et d’obtenir une cartographie précise des composés organiques et inorganiques des échantillons étudiés. Le premier chapitre contextualise la MS dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel, en soulignant l’apport de la protéomique TD et le potentiel de la MSI MALDI. Nos développements en protéomique TD pour l’analyse des protéines intactes sont ensuite illustrés dans le chapitre 2, révélant les défis spécifiques à ce type d’analyse, et en particulier ceux en lien avec l’importante hétérogénéité des protéines dans les modèles de peinture à base d’œuf, incluant les protéoformes glyquées. Dans le chapitre 3, nous introduisons une approche intégrée combinant l’analyse protéomique TD et la mobilité ionique pour étudier les changements structuraux lors de la formulation, du séchage et du vieillissement de peinture à base de caséine, mettant en évidence de nouvelles informations sur les structures protéiques et notamment leurs altérations. Le chapitre 4 propose une étude originale de l’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse MALDI appliquée à l’étude de peintures modernes. Nous proposons ainsi l’optimisation de chacune des étapes de la préparation des échantillons, à l’analyse et au traitement de données. Lors de ce travail, nous avons également développé une banque de données originale de pigments et colorants organiques. Notre méthodologie appliquée avec succès à l’étude d’une peinture d’une artiste locale détaille la structure et la composition des différentes couches de l’œuvre complexe étudiée. Compte tenu des limitations en MSI pour l’analyse des macromolécules telles que les protéines, le chapitre 5 s’intéresse à l’étude de différents liants couramment utilisés dans les œuvres historiques. En particulier, ce chapitre intègre le développement d’un nouvel outil de traitement de données, MSipredictART, permettant l’attribution pixel par pixel de la composition des liants mais aussi des pigments à partir des données MSI MALDI. Une visualisation alternative des données est également proposée par l’utilisation de KMD - Kendricks mass defect. Finalement, nous avons appliqué notre méthodologie avec succès à un échantillon historique provenant d’une œuvre de Jose Sanchez (ca. 1690) provenant de la collection du Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, et, démontrant pour la première fois, l’apport de la technique MALDI-MSI à l’étude d’une peinture d’art<br>Aim of this theses is to develop new high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) approaches for Cultural Heritage (CH) studies by adapting techniques used in biomedical fields. As question regarding structural changes occurring at molecular level and precise mapping of organic and inorganic components of paints become more common, new approaches have to be developed in order to fully answer them. In particular we decided to focus on top-down (TD) proteomics as an alternative to bottom-up (BU) proteomics now commonly used in cultural heritage studies and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), which combines high chemical specificity of mass spectrometry with spatial mapping capabilities.In chapter 1 we provide the background information on the state of MS in cultural heritage as well as current development in other fields. We highlight how the new cutting-edge approaches developed for biomedical research can be translated to answering outstanding questions in cultural heritage research. In particular we focus on the advances achieved using TD proteomics in providing comprehensive view of proteoforms associated with varied protein functions such as indicators of pathologies and potentially changes in CH objects. We also introduce MSI, whose potential in cultural heritage studies is yet to be explored. We primarily focus on Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) MSI which has been previously used to study wide range of molecular species (lipids, peptides, metabolites...) in biological systems.In chapter 2 we present an optimised workflow for comprehensive analysis of protein extracted from paint models using TD proteomics. We discuss the challenges associated with performing TD proteomic studies in cultural heritage including proteins solubility, acquisition optimisation, as well as data analysis limitations. We apply our optimised work flow to a set of egg glair paint models to highlight the increase in protein heterogeneity in paints as well as identifying presence of glycated proteoforms of egg white lysozyme.In chapter 3 we implemented an integrated mass spectrometric approach combining TD proteomics and ion mobility mass spectrometry to study the structural changes occurring during casein paint formation. Using ion mobility mass spectrometry we examined the higher order structure changes in caseins from chemical standards to casein paint. Integrating this information with proteoforms identified using TD proteomics gave initial insight into the changes occurring to casein proteins during paint formation.In chapter 4 we perform the first application of MALDI-MSI for comprehensive mapping of organic species in modern paintings. We discuss the optimisation of sample preparation required to make paint cross-sections compatible with MALDI-MSI and to minimise distortions during sectioning. We highlight the limitations of classical data analysis tools when analysing paint cross-section and so we introduce a custom pigment and dye database to streamline data analysis. We apply our workflow to a section obtained from modern painting by local artist showcasing how MALDI-MSI can provide new information on paint layer composition as well as the materials used.In chapter 5 we study the composition of paint layers prepared using inorganic pig ments mixed with organic binders. Understanding the limitations of available methods in MSI for analysis of biological compounds such as proteins we developed a machine learning workflow, MSipredictART, based on Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Op erator (LASSO). This method allows for pixel-to-pixel assignment of binder and pigment composition from a single MALDI-MSI acquisition. KMD is used to further to visualise MALDI-MSI datasets to study the inorganic pigment composition. Finally we applied MSipredictART to historical sample obtained from ca. 1690 painting by Jose Sanchez, demonstrating first application of MALDI-MSI to a historical sample
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Osterman, Fredrik. "Comparison of Photogrammetry Interpretation with Physical Structural Field Measurements." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324699.
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Fracture mapping of bedrock and knowledge about how fractures influence rock strength and stability is of great importance in a constructional context. These factors largely dictate where one can build and not build in rock, and to what extent reinforcements and safety measurements are needed. In a city like Stockholm where infrastructure has been forced to expand due to a rapidly growing population, this type of knowledge plays a central role to ensure continued development. Fracture mapping is traditionally executed by a geologist who manually measures fracture orientations with a compass. However, this method bears obvious risks as the geologist must physically approach a possibly unstable rock face to carry out manual measurements of fractures and structures. In some cases, the geologist is not even allowed to approach the rock face for safety reasons. The aspect of time should not be neglected either since the process of manual measurements is often time consuming. This has resulted in newer and safer technological methods being developed and tested. In 2015, The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) acquired photogrammetrical equipment and 3D-modelling software ShapeMetriX to ease the fracture mapping process, obtain data of higher quality and increase personnel safety in the field. In this report, the photogrammetrical system is quality tested by comparing its results with manual field measurements. The control was carried out on three different rock faces in two locations; Torsgatan, a central street in Stockholm, and Kungens kurva, a construction site southwest of central Stockholm. The study shows that the results of ShapeMetriX correspond well to the manual field measurements and that the method has several advantages as well as disadvantages compared to conventional mapping methods.<br>Sprickkartering av berggrund och kunskap om hur bergets hållfasthet och stabilitet påverkas av sprickor är viktigt i konstruktionssammanhang. Dessa faktorer dikterar till stor del var man kan och inte kan bygga i berg samt till vilken grad förstärkningar och säkerhetsåtgärder behövs. I en stad lik Stockholm vars infrastruktur tvingas anpassa sig efter en kraftigt växande befolkning sätts dessa kunskaper i en ännu mer central roll för att kunna säkerställa stadens fortsatta utveckling. Sprickkartering utförs traditionellt av en geolog som med hjälp av en kompass manuellt mäter sprickors orientering. Detta medför dock uppenbara risker då denna fysiskt måste befinna sig nära bergskärningen för att kunna utföra mätningar av sprickor och strukturer. I vissa fall kan geologen, av säkerhetsskäl, inte alls närma sig den berörda ytan vilket omöjliggör en detaljerad kartering. Tidsaspekten av det hela bör inte heller bortses då manuella fältmätningar ofta är tidskrävande. Detta har resulterat i att nyare och säkrare teknologiska metoder för kartering och klassificering av berg både utvecklas och prövas. Sveriges geologiska undersökning (SGU) förvärvade 2015 fotogrammetrisk karteringsutrustning och 3D-modelleringsprogrammet ShapeMetriX för att effektivisera sprickkarteringsarbetet, erhålla data med högre kvalitét och öka säkerheten för personal I fält. I denna rapport utvärderas nämnda stereofotogrammetriska karteringsmetod med tillhörande analysmjukvara genom en jämförelse av dess resultat med manuella fältmätningar. Kontrollen utfördes på tre berghällar; en belägen på Torsgatan, en central gågata strax nordväst om centrala Stockholm och de andra vid Kungens kurva, en byggarbetsplats i närheten av Skärholmen i södra Stockholm. Resultat av studien visar att ShapeMetriX mätningar väl stämmer överens med manuella fältmätningar och även att metoden har en
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Dosanjh, Nuvjeevan Singh. "Mapping of the domains involved in B-Myb-partner protein interactions and characterisation of their structural properties and features." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29698.
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In the work reported here, the minimal sites of interaction between B-Myb and its partner proteins p300 and cyclin D1 were mapped, and the structural properties and features of the interacting regions characterised in detail. A transactivation-associated central region of B-Myb was conclusively shown to bind to a region of p300 corresponding to the TAZ2, zinc ion binding domain. As is common for many transcriptional activation domains, the B-Myb transactivation region is intrinsically disordered in isolation but exhibits coupled folding upon binding p300. The specific B-Myb-p300 complex formed was found to adopt a 1:1 stoichiometry with a measured dissociation constant of less than ~3.0 X 10-8 M. An adjacent region of B-Myb containing part of exon 9a, was also found to interact with the preceeding ZZ region of p300, but substantially weaker than observed for theB-Myb-TAZ2 interaction. These findings clearly show that the conserved cysteine/histidine rich region 3 (C/H3) of p300 provides an extensive binding site for B-Myb.;In parallel work, a large central part of B-Myb containing both the transactivation region and exon 9a was found to show no binding to full-length cyclin D1. Together with previous work, this suggests that residues in the N-terminal DNA binding domain of B-Myb are also involved in cyclin D1 binding. Overall, this work suggests that the inhibition of cooperativity between B-Myb and p300 by cyclin D1 is not due to competition for a common binding site on B-Myb.
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Silvestri, Erica. "Simultaneous PET/MRI for Connectivity Mapping: Quantitative Methods in Clinical Setting." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426715.
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In recent years, the study of brain connectivity has received growing interest from neuroscience field, from a point of view both of analysis of pathological condition and of a healthy brain. Hybrid PET/MRI scanners are promising tools to study this complex phenomenon. This thesis presents a general framework for the acquisition and analysis of simultaneous multi-modal PET/MRI imaging data to study brain connectivity in a clinical setting. Several aspects are faced ranging from the planning of an acquisition protocol consistent with clinical constraint to the off-line PET image reconstruction, from the selection and implementation of methods for quantifying the acquired data to the development of methodologies to combine the complementary information obtained with the two modalities. The developed analysis framework was applied to two different studies, a first conducted on patients affected by Parkinson’s Disease and dementia, and a second one on high grade gliomas, as proof of concept evaluation that the pipeline can be extended in clinical settings.
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Iqbal, Sumaiya. "Machine Learning based Protein Sequence to (un)Structure Mapping and Interaction Prediction." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2379.
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Proteins are the fundamental macromolecules within a cell that carry out most of the biological functions. The computational study of protein structure and its functions, using machine learning and data analytics, is elemental in advancing the life-science research due to the fast-growing biological data and the extensive complexities involved in their analyses towards discovering meaningful insights. Mapping of protein’s primary sequence is not only limited to its structure, we extend that to its disordered component known as Intrinsically Disordered Proteins or Regions in proteins (IDPs/IDRs), and hence the involved dynamics, which help us explain complex interaction within a cell that is otherwise obscured. The objective of this dissertation is to develop machine learning based effective tools to predict disordered protein, its properties and dynamics, and interaction paradigm by systematically mining and analyzing large-scale biological data.
In this dissertation, we propose a robust framework to predict disordered proteins given only sequence information, using an optimized SVM with RBF kernel. Through appropriate reasoning, we highlight the structure-like behavior of IDPs in disease-associated complexes. Further, we develop a fast and effective predictor of Accessible Surface Area (ASA) of protein residues, a useful structural property that defines protein’s exposure to partners, using regularized regression with 3rd-degree polynomial kernel function and genetic algorithm. As a key outcome of this research, we then introduce a novel method to extract position specific energy (PSEE) of protein residues by modeling the pairwise thermodynamic interactions and hydrophobic effect. PSEE is found to be an effective feature in identifying the enthalpy-gain of the folded state of a protein and otherwise the neutral state of the unstructured proteins. Moreover, we study the peptide-protein transient interactions that involve the induced folding of short peptides through disorder-to-order conformational changes to bind to an appropriate partner. A suite of predictors is developed to identify the residue-patterns of Peptide-Recognition Domains from protein sequence that can recognize and bind to the peptide-motifs and phospho-peptides with post-translational-modifications (PTMs) of amino acid, responsible for critical human diseases, using the stacked generalization ensemble technique. The involved biologically relevant case-studies demonstrate possibilities of discovering new knowledge using the developed tools.
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Haddox, David A. "Mapping and Kinematic Structural Analysis of the Deep Creek Fault Zone, South Flank of the Uinta Mountains, Near Vernal, Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd819.pdf.
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Li, Anli. "The functional and structural analysis of integrin ߦ1 by mapping the epitopes of stimulatory mAbs of integrin ߦ1." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23383.pdf.
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Cruz, LÃdyci Thatielle Gurgel. "Proposals for improvements in administrative procedures of a construction company from the application of lean office." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14261.
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The insertion of lean in construction together with its benefits arises the corporate interest in adopting the lean philosophy in the office, which is called lean office. The extermination of the existing waste and defining improvements in office focused on flows of document, process and information related to customers are challenges to achieving these improvements. Furthermore, most companies have little knowledge regarding their administrative processes what makes it difficult to diagnose activities that do not add value, culminating in the questioning of "how to minimize the waste generated in the administrative area of construction companies?". Faced with this problem, this paper aims to propose improvements in administrative processes of a construction company in the light of lean thinking philosophy. Furthermore, it also aims to critically analyze these processes mapped streams in search of waste; elaborate Value Stream Mapping (VSM) for future state and analyze the interfaces between administrative sectors mapped. To obtain these goals, the methodology used was divided into three steps: choose the value stream, study case and data analysis. The choice of the value stream comprises the definition of the administrative sectors of the company that would be studied, namely supply, maintenance, finance, accounting and human resources. Since the study case was divided into five phases: formulation of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) in the current state of the chosen sectors, identifying lean metrics which would be able to demonstrate the impact of efforts to implement the improvements, study of the interface between these administrative sectors, validation of the proposals for improvements and drafts of VSMs in the future state. Data analysis consisted of VSMs in current state and sources of evidence used, the diagnosis of the waste in processes and their respective classifications and analysis of proposals suggested improvements that could optimize the flow of sectors. Furthermore, the interface of mapped sectors was also analyzed. The research findings point to the choice of five administrative departments, namely supplies, maintenance, finance, accounting and human resources. For each sector a VSM was prepared in current and future states identifying theirs losses and ratings and the proposed improvements can demonstrate effectiveness through estimation of Task Accomplishment Times (TATs) and Permanence length (PL). Finally, we designed a generalized VSM involving all sectors, which enabled to illustrate how interaction between departments and key information exchanged between them in one sketch.<br>A inserÃÃo do lean na construÃÃo civil em conjunto com os benefÃcios advindos por ele vem impulsionando o interesse das empresas na adoÃÃo da filosofia lean no escritÃrio, a qual à denominada de lean office. O extermÃnio dos desperdÃcios existentes e a definiÃÃo de melhorias no escritÃrio focada nos fluxos de documento, de processos e de informaÃÃes vinculadas aos clientes sÃo desafios impostos a concretizaÃÃo destas melhorias. AlÃm disso, o pouco conhecimento das empresas a respeito de seus processos administrativos acaba dificultando o diagnostico destas atividades que nÃo agregam valor, culminando no questionamento de âcomo minimizar os desperdÃcios gerados na Ãrea administrativa de empresas construtoras?â. Diante desta problemÃtica, esta dissertaÃÃo objetiva propor melhorias nos processos administrativos de uma empresa construtora à luz da filosofia do pensamento enxuto. AlÃm disso, visa tambÃm analisar criticamente os fluxos mapeados destes processos na busca de desperdÃcios; elaborar os mapeamentos dos fluxos de valor (MFV) futuro e analisar as interfaces entre os setores administrativos mapeados. Para a obtenÃÃo destas metas, a metodologia utilizada foi dividida em trÃs etapas: escolha do fluxo de valor, estudo de caso e anÃlise de dados. A escolha do fluxo de valor compreendeu na definiÃÃo de quais os setores administrativos da empresa que seriam estudados. Jà o estudo de caso foi dividido em cinco fases: elaboraÃÃo dos Mapeamentos de Fluxo de Valor (MFVs) no estado atual dos setores escolhidos, identificaÃÃo de mÃtricas leans capazes de demonstrar o impacto dos esforÃos de implementaÃÃo das melhorias, estudo da interface entre estes setores administrativos, validaÃÃo de propostas de melhorias e esboÃo dos MFVs no estado futuro. A anÃlise de dados compreendeu os MFVs atuais e as fontes de evidÃncias utilizadas, o diagnÃstico de desperdÃcios dos processos e suas respectivas classificaÃÃes e a anÃlise de propostas de melhorias sugeridas que pudesse otimizar o fluxo dos setores. AlÃm disso, foi analisada tambÃm a interface dos setores mapeados. Os resultados de pesquisa apontam a escolha de cinco departamentos administrativos, sendo eles suprimentos, manutenÃÃo, financeiro, contabilidade e recursos humanos. Para cada setor foi elaborado o MFV nos estados atuais e futuros, identificadas as perdas e suas classificaÃÃes e validadas as propostas de melhorias capazes de demonstrar eficÃcia atravÃs da estimativa dos tempos de realizaÃÃo das atividades (TRAs) e dos tempos de permanÃncias (TPs). E por fim, foi elaborado um MFV generalizado envolvendo todos os setores, o qual permitiu ilustrar o modo interaÃÃo entre os departamentos e as principais informaÃÃes permutadas entre eles em um sà esboÃo
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Joshi, Vinayak Shivkumar. "Analysis of retinal vessel networks using quantitative descriptors of vascular morphology." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3321.
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Abnormalities in the vascular pattern of a retina, such as morphologic changes in vessel shape, branching pattern, width, tortuosity, or the appearance of retinal lesions, may be associated with the occurrence of retinopathies or cardiovascular diseases. Thus, an automated quantitative analysis of changes in vessel morphology may help indicating the clinical signs of aforementioned retinopathies, describing their early occurrence or severity. The responses obtained from different types of retinal vessels, i.e., arteries and veins, may be variable to retinopathies and their measurement may lead to a more precise diagnosis compared to that by the average response accounted for the entire vessel network.
I propose a set of automated methods in order to analyze the retinal vessel network and to quantify its morphologic properties with respect to arteries and veins, in two-dimensional color fundus images. The analytical methods include; 1) Forma- tion of a well connected vessel network, 2) Structural mapping of a vessel network, 3) Artery-venous classification, and 4) Blood vessel hemorrhage detection. The quan- tification methods include vessel morphology analysis based on the measurement of tortuosity, width, branching angle, branching coefficient, and fractal dimension. The aforementioned morphologic parameters are measured with respect to arteries and veins separately in a vessel network. The methods are validated with the manually annotated retinal fundus images as a ground truth.
The major contribution of this thesis includes the development of automated methods for; 1) Identification and separation of retinal vessel trees for individual vessel analysis, 2) Automated quantification of morphologic characteristics of retinal vessels for quick and precise measurement, 3) Automated quantification of vessel morphology with respect to arteries and veins, and 4) Analysis of two datasets, a) malarial retinopathy subject dataset, b) longitudinal study dataset. The ability of the automated methods to quantify the retinal vessel specific properties may enable the individual vessel analysis as an alternative to a time- consuming and subjective clinical evaluation, or to a quantitative morphology char- acterization averaged over the entire vessel network. The objective evaluation may indicate the progression of retinopathies precisely and may help characterizing nor- mal and abnormal vascular patterns with respect to arteries and veins. This may enable a quick diagnosis, treatment availability, prognosis, and facilitation of clinical health-care procedures in remote areas.
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Tse, Man-kit. "Structural characterization and domain dissection of human XAF1 protein, and application of solvent-exposed-amide spectroscopy in mapping protein-protein interface." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43223801.
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Saunders, Peta J. "The structural evolution of the Bull Creek area, southern Adelaide fold belt, South Australia, through the integration of geological mapping and geophysical interpretation /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbs257.pdf.
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Thesis (B. Sc.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1994.<br>Australian national grid reference: Milang (SI 54) 6627-II 1:50 000 sheet. Four maps have overlays. Includes bibliographical references.
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DeKemp, Eric Anthony. "Three-dimensional integration and visualization of structural field data : tools for regional subsurface mapping = Integration et visualisation 3-D de données structurales de terrain : outils pour la cartographie géologique régionale." Thèse, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://constellation.uqac.ca/411/1/12127333.pdf.
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Three-dimensional computer modelling of geological phenomena is rapidly emerging as a field within the already mushrooming science of computer visualization. In geological applications three-dimensional interpretations are routinely performed through the use of two-dimensional map data and knowledge about the geological history of an area. These interpretations are traditionally depicted with isometric or perspective block diagrams and vertical or horizontal cross-sections. Constructing these three-dimensional snap-shots has been laborious, imprecise and limited to a single viewpoint. The methods presented here automate some of the more laborious tasks and enhance the three-dimensional interpretation environment. Methodology focuses on using field-based structural data, from a variety of scales, to create speculative three-dimensional surfaces that can be useful in addressing geological problems. These methods could help in resolving cryptic early fold geometry, extending stratiform mineralization and the subsurface interpretation of regional thrusts, unconformities or key lithostratigraphic boundaries. Several UNIX based programs are presented for performing the interpolation, extension and conversion tasks required in these approaches. Programs are implemented in conjunction with the commercial three-dimensional visualization and modelling software EarthVision® and gOcad®. Algorithms focus on the densification and variable projection of distributed three-dimensional data which share a common curvilinear geological feature. The result of the various interpolation and extension functions is the conversion of two-dimensional lines to three-dimensional surfaces.
A polynomial and hybrid B-Spline interpolation technique optimizes geometric property components. The automated data-driven technique is applicable for geological problems in which structures are constrained by local linear and planar measurements. Input features are topographic intersections of relatively continuous irregular curved surfaces, which have a near linear known depth predictability at some point along the structure. The local direction cosine estimates derived along surface traces of geological structures are interpolated, and direction vectors linearly projected to depth to form local structural surfaces or 'ribbons'. The program is useful for depicting portions of variably plunging fold geometries as structural ribbons, which in-turn act as visual guides during interpretive fold construction. Idealized and actual field examples of regionally continuous shear zones and brittle faults are presented, along with the development of three-dimensional structural fabric trajectories, horizon propagation, and plutonic boundary geometry evaluation.
Semi-automated techniques are utilized with knowledge-driven interactive graphics. An interpretive or 'design' approach to surface construction is applied to low density data sets which are too sparse for standard global automated interpolation. Bézier curves and surface patches are implemented to act as interpretive construction lines that respect the constraints imposed by structural orientation data. The programs hinge.awk, cast.awk, bspline.awk and bezpatch.awk calculate the interpolated values from the spatial input data. Three-dimensional construction lines are defined by tangents to local planar features, and the projection of key geologic structures. Supporting the interpolation tools, the program trace.awk estimates the local strike and dip of vertices along elevation registered three-dimensional curvilinear map traces. The planar solution method can be applied in highrelief terrains, or to extend three-dimensional curvilinear features from sub-surface mining data.
Techniques are applied on field data from the low-relief and structurally complex Archean Abitibi greenstone belt. Speculative models can be created from such terrains, provided data is respected and appropriate methods are applied at a given scale. The field component focuses on extracting data from maps and optimizing the three-dimensional graphic editing environment for making better interpretations at outcrop, mine and regional scales.
Applied techniques used in this study include:
? Three-dimensional structural symbology: the visualisation of three-dimensional structural symbols representing point observations of bedding, lineations and foliation fabric;
? Structural attribution: the attachment of structural point observations to linear features through the use of a proximity filter. This is done with the program field.awk;
? Variable down-plunge projection: the construction of custom down-plunge projections from surface traces;
? Bézier-based graphics: examples of interactive three-dimensional interpretations with Bézier-based curve;
? Hybrid surface design: a two-step approach to three-dimensional geologic surface design using both Bézier patches and discrete smooth interpolation (DSI), constrained by map traces and local slopes;
? Three-dimensional Map propagation: a method for propagating map elements using two-dimensional map data and field-based plunge models. The program dive.awk is presented as an example of a simple propagation.
The results of this study indicate that a constrained-interpretive approach to three-dimensional visualization is valid for interpreting large to small-scale geological structures, even if the data base is limited to two-dimensional map-based information. This geometric approach provides an initial development path for what could become the routine combination of extracted geological map based information, surface topographic and structural data, and the intuitive knowledge of a geological 'designer'. The developed techniques listed above and presented in this study enhance the field-based geologists ability to create communicable three-dimensional models of complex surfaces. Regardless of the state of visualization technologies, the success of three-dimensional geological modelling is still dependent on the data density, clustering and depth variability of known structural observations. Most important perhaps are the geological relationships of local and regional structures with the bounding surfaces being modelled. New software will be needed to assess the quality of geological models based on these input parameters.