Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structural phase decay

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Structural phase decay'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Structural phase decay"

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Gernay, Thomas. "A METHOD FOR MEASURING THE SENSITIVITY OF BUILDING STRUCTURAL MEMBERS TO FIRE DECAY PHASES." Acta Polytechnica 56, no. 5 (2016): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.56.0344.

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Firefighters face a major threat when intervening in a building during a fire: the possibility of structural collapse during the cooling phase of the fire, or soon thereafter. At present, this threat is amplified by the fact that the behaviour of structures after the time of peak gas temperature is not well understood, and is not taken into account in the design. This work presents an analysis of the behaviour of different structural members under natural fires, and develops a method for characterizing their sensitivity to fire decay phases. Thermo-mechanical numerical simulations based on the
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Porer, M., M. Fechner, E. M. Bothschafter, et al. "Optically induced transient enhancement of a structural order parameter." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920507001.

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We photoexcite SrTiO3 and EuTiO3 in their purely soft-mode-driven structurally distorted phase and trace the structural order parameter via ultra-short x-rays. We observe a rapid decay for SrTiO3 and an intriguing transient enhancement for EuTiO3.
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Xu, Yinsheng, Xiaoxiao Wang, Zhengnan Wang, et al. "Accelerating solid diffusion and suppressing phase transition in LiV3O8via calcium doping at lithium sites." Nanoscale 12, no. 18 (2020): 10205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01675f.

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The phase transition of LiV<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> from α phase to β phase during discharge/charge process leads to drastic structural change and rapid capacity decay, and consequent sluggish Li<sup>+</sup> solid diffusion results in serious concentration polarization.
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Babachenko, O. I., G. A. Kononenko, О. Ye Merkulov, R. V. Podolskyi, E. S. Klemeshov, and О. А. Safronova. "MODELING OF PHASE-STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN STEEL FOR NEW GENERATION RAILWAY TRACKS." Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, no. 35 (2021): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2021-35-212-222.

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The process of operation of vehicles is determined by the interaction of the wheel and rail. The result is the effect arising from the friction of rolling and especially from the friction of the wheel sliding on the rail during braking, in relation to these changes there is a significant increase in the intensity of wear of the wheels of rolling stock. Based on research in recent years, it is known that the strength of pearlitic rail steels has reached its limit. Based on the literature analysis, steels used in world practice for the production of railway rails from bainite were identified and
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Owen, Robin L., Neil Paterson, Danny Axford, et al. "Exploiting fast detectors to enter a new dimension in room-temperature crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 70, no. 5 (2014): 1248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714005379.

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A departure from a linear or an exponential intensity decay in the diffracting power of protein crystals as a function of absorbed dose is reported. The observation of a lag phase raises the possibility of collecting significantly more data from crystals held at room temperature before an intolerable intensity decay is reached. A simple model accounting for the form of the intensity decay is reintroduced and is applied for the first time to high frame-rate room-temperature data collection.
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Cheng, Tao, Zhongtao Ma, Run Gu, et al. "Cracks Formation in Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries during the Electrochemical Process." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102712.

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The lithium-rich Li[Li0.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13]O2 nanoplates were synthesized using a molten-salt method. The nanoplates showed an initial reversible discharge capacity of 233 mA·h·g−1, with a fast capacity decay. The morphology and micro-structural change, after different cycles, were studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to understand the mechanism of the capacity decay. Our results showed that the cracks generated from both the particle surface and the inner, and increased with long-term cycling at 0.1 C rate (C = 250 mA·g−1), together with
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Mishra, Sheo K., U. K. Tripathi, Saurabh Dixit, K. C. Dubey, and R. K. Shukla. "ZnO Nano-microstructures and their Photo Conducting Properties Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 10, no. 02 (2018): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v10i02.3.

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In the present paper, photoconductivity (PC) of Zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanostructures synthesized by sol-gel method has been investigated. Structural study has been performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The XRD result confirms the formation of hexagonal phase. In the photoconductivity analysis, growth and decay of photocurrent of ZnO nanostructures have been investigated. The photo-response of prepared sample has been measured underUV illumination using thick film of powder without any binder. The growth and decay of photocurrent show fastrise and decay of photocurrent indicating suitabilit
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Hu, Ming, Yuanxue Liu, Linbo Song, and Yu Zhang. "Constitutive Model and Damage Evolution of Mudstone under the Action of Dry-Wet Cycles." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9787429.

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Mudstone is a natural type of geological material, which has different ways of mechanical response between natural state and dry-wet cycles. According to the complex damage theory of geological materials, rock masses can be considered as a composite material consisting of the structure phase and damage phase. The essence of the damage of rock masses is a damage evolution process, during which the deformation energy of the structure phase converts into dissipation energy of the damage phase, and the energy dissipation from phase transformation promotes the structure phase to change into the dam
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Sulyanova, Elena A., and Boris P. Sobolev. "Thermodynamic Origin of Negative Thermal Expansion Based on a Phase Transition-Type Mechanism in the GdF3-TbF3 System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914944.

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Multicomponent fluorides of rare earth elements (REEs—R) are phase transition-type negative thermal expansion (NTE-II) materials. NTE-II occurs in RF3-R′F3 systems formed by “mother” single-component dimorphic RF3 (R = Pm, Sm, Eu, and Gd) with a giant NTE-II. There are two structural types of RF3 polymorphic modifications: low-temperature β-YF3 (β−) and high-temperature LaF3 (t−). The change in a structural type is accompanied by a density anomaly: a volume of one formula unit (Vform) Vβ− &gt;Vt−. The empirical signs of volumetric changes ΔV/V of NTE-II materials were considered. For the GdF3-
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Liu, Tongchao. "(Invited) Origin of Structural Degradation in Li-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 2 (2024): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-012228mtgabs.

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Li and Mn-rich cathode materials (LMR) that utilize both cation and anion redox can yield substantial increases in battery energy density. However, even though voltage decay issues cause continuous energy loss and impedes its commercialization, prerequisite driving force for this phenomena are a mystery. Here, with in-situ nanoscale sensitive coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (BCDI) techniques, we reveal that nanostrain and lattice displacement accumulate continuously during cell operation. Evidence unequivocally shows that this effect is the driving force for both structure degradations and
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural phase decay"

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Panin, V. E. "Fracture Mechanisms of Nano- and Submicrocrystalline Materials under Various Loading Conditions." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35259.

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The paper provides a review of research results obtained by the author and colleagues in studying the fracture mechanisms of nano- and submicrocrystalline materials under various loading conditions. Fracture of material is considered in the context of Gibbs’ principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and is treated as its local structural phase decay. Nucleation of cracks is associated with initiation of micropores in high-curvature zones and their develop-ment proceeds by nonlinear wave mechanisms of opening mode cracking, dynamic rotations, and sliding or tearing mode cracking. When you are
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Temir, Kaan. "True-time Delay Structures For Microwave Beamforming Networks In S-band Phased Arrays." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615386/index.pdf.

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True time delay networks are one of the most critical structures of wideband phased-array antenna systems which are frequently used in self-protection and electronic warfare applications. In order to direct the main beam of a wideband phased-array antenna to the desired direction<br>phase values, which are linearly dependent to frequency, are essential. Due to the phase characteristics of the true-time delay networks, beam squint problems for broadband phased array systems are minimized. In this thesis, different types of true-time delay structures are investigated for wideband phased array ap
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Li, Jinfeng. "Structure and optimisation of liquid crystal based phase shifter for millimetre-wave applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288407.

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The delivery of tunable millimetre-wave components at 60GHz is of research and development interests with the advent of 5G era. Among applications such as high-data-rate wireless communications, high-precision automotive radars and hand-gesture sensing, variable phase shifters are vital components for antenna arrays to steer an electromagnetic beam without mechanical movement. However, present microwave technology has limited scope in meeting more and more stringent requirements in wavefront phase control and device performance for those cutting-edge applications in the millimetre-wavelength r
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Huston, Steven Paul. "Structural health monitoring of a high speed naval vessel using ambient vibrations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33848.

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Traditional naval vessels with steel structures have the benefit of large safety factors and a distinct material endurance limit. However, as performance requirements and budget constraints rise, the demand for lighter weight vessels increases. Reducing the mass of vessels is commonly achieved by the use of aluminum or composite structures, which requires closer attention to be paid to crack initiation and propagation. It is rarely feasible to require a lengthy inspection process that removes the vessel from service for an extended amount of time. Structural health monitoring (SHM), involving
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Garcia, Saulo Crnkowise. "Aplicações de controle vetorial e análise da robustez em motores de indução trifásicos com atraso no controle /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/166414.

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Orientador: Falcondes José Mendes de Seixas<br>Resumo: O foco principal deste trabalho é a investigação de métodos de controle capazes de rejeitar perturbações, incertezas e influências degenerativas do atraso no problema referente ao controle vetorial por campo orientado do Motor de Indução Trifásico (MIT), através de um modelo matemático não linear deste. Dá-se ênfase à utilização do método de controle Proporcional-Integral em conjunto com o Controle com Estrutura Variável e Modos Deslizantes, sendo que este tem como principal característica a rejeição de perturbações e incertezas. São reali
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Wei, Yu-Chung, and 魏郁忠. "Wide-Range Delay-Locked Loop Using New Structure of Phase Detector." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16671134182621058521.

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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>電機工程學系<br>91<br>The concept of phase lock is proposed in 1930 years, and is fast used in electric and communication products widely. Nowadays, the concept of phase-locked loops (PLLs) often applies in frequency synthesizers that are in inner of mobile. Due to the theory of delay-locked loops (DLLs) are proposed later than the theory of phase-locked loops, although part circuit structures among PLLs and DLLs are similar, but the concept of DLLs is simple than the concept of PLLs and easy to understand. The differences of circuit structure between DLLs and PLLs are that voltage-con
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Books on the topic "Structural phase decay"

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Kenyon, Ian R. Quantum 20/20. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808350.001.0001.

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This text reviews fundametals and incorporates key themes of quantum physics. One theme contrasts boson condensation and fermion exclusivity. Bose–Einstein condensation is basic to superconductivity, superfluidity and gaseous BEC. Fermion exclusivity leads to compact stars and to atomic structure, and thence to the band structure of metals and semiconductors with applications in material science, modern optics and electronics. A second theme is that a wavefunction at a point, and in particular its phase is unique (ignoring a global phase change). If there are symmetries, conservation laws foll
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Book chapters on the topic "Structural phase decay"

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Viollier, R. D., and P. Zimak. "Resonant Dimeson Decay Mechanism in K → ππ Decays." In Phase Structure of Strongly Interacting Matter. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87821-3_13.

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Klare, Stefan, Volodymyr Shramenko, Lars Klingel, Bernd Lüdemann-Ravit, and Alexander Verl. "Towards Automotive Manufacturing Efficiency: Enhanced Virtual Commissioning Simulation for Dynamic Sheet Metal Handling Optimization." In ARENA2036. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88831-1_6.

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Abstract Automated sheet metal handling in the automotive industry using robot manipulators is a standard in modern production. However, the desire of automotive companies to speed up the production process on the assembly line and at the same time to reduce expensive hardware components poses new challenges for robotics. Excessively rapid movement of flexible parts or sheet metal can either lead to its plastic deformation or increase the decay time of the vibrations to such an extent that it is necessary to wait before the part can be further processed, for example by welding. The traditional
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Kim, A. V., N. A. Andryushechkina, and V. V. Kim. "Similarity and Structural Stability with Respect to Delay of FDE Phase Portraits." In Mathematical Analysis With Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42176-2_7.

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Hanson, D. M. "The Relevance of Gas-Phase Core-Electron Excitation and Decay Phenomena to Molecular Adsorbate Structure and Desorption." In Springer Series in Surface Sciences. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78080-6_17.

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Burns, Alan R., Ellen B. Stechel, and Dwight R. Jennison. "Erratum to: The Relevance of Gas-Phase Core-Electron Excitation and Decay Phenomena to Molecular Adsorbate Structure and Desorption." In Springer Series in Surface Sciences. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78080-6_58.

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"Time-resolved surface electron diffraction." In Time-resolved Diffraction, edited by Hani E. Elsayed-Ali and Peter M. Webert. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198500322.003.0012.

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Abstract The study of the dynamics of surface phase transformations and reactions are of significant interest to understanding two-dimensional behaviour. More over, an understanding of surface reactions is important in many areas of technology which include thin-film growth, surface processing, and surface catalysed reactions. Many of the surface reactions and phase transformations occur in an ultrafast time scale. For example, the nucleation of melting could be in the picosecond time domain, or even faster depending on the experimental conditions. Surface reconstruction and other diffusionles
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Ji Sai, Li Lu, Guo Ping, Shen Jian, Wang Jin, and Sun Yajie. "Phased Array and Image Enhancement Method Based Structural Health Monitoring." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-484-8-1993.

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The process of phased array theory and image enhancement methods based structural health monitoring is introduced. Phased array theory based structural health monitoring can scan the structure in a certain range of 0&amp;deg;~ 180&amp;deg;. It is realized by controlling the time delay of the excitation signals and the response signals. Because of the imperfect of the original mapped image, the image enhancement method is used to ameliorate the image quality, to enhance image identifiable degrees, and to improve the image resolution. The proposed method is verified by experiment in Al plate. Th
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ARISTARKHOV, Grigory M. "Equivalent Mode Representation as the Basis for the Analysis and Synthesis of Symmetric Microwave Networks." In Modern Radio Signals Filtering Devices Methods, Technologies, & Structures. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815196504124010014.

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Symmetrical reactive bipolar networks, which include microwave filters, constitute the most commonly used class of passive electrical circuits in practice. This chapter develops analytical models of these circuits in relation to their implementation on the basis of multi-wire systems of coupled microstrip lines. Such systems are characterized by the inequality of the residue mode phase velocities, which is due to the inhomogeneity of the substrate-air medium. The substitution networks for this type of symmetric network are defined as an equivalent mode representation, which forms the basis for
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"Novel cost-efficient scintillators for fast radiation detection." In Book of Abstracts - RAD 2025 Conference. RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2025.33.4.

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Fast scintillating materials are currently in especial demand for the future high-spatial- resolution medical imaging, high-luminosity high energy physics experiments, and other applications of radiation detectors. Cerium-doped multicomponent garnets are promising scintillators exhibiting great flexibility in engineering their scintillation properties. However, the best-performing single crystals of this type have to be fabricated at high temperatures in expensive iridium crucibles. Current efforts to develop less expensive bulk Ce-doped multicomponent garnets have had only partial success. Th
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Pires, Danúbia Soares, and Ginalber Luiz de Oliveira Serra. "Robust Fuzzy Digital PID Controller Design." In Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Algorithms. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7258-1.ch008.

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A robust fuzzy digital PID control methodology based on gain and phase margins specifications is proposed. A mathematical formulation based on gain and phase margins specifications, the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model of the process to be controlled, the structure of the digital PID controller, and the time delay uncertain system are developed. A multiobjective genetic strategy is defined to tune the fuzzy digital PID controller parameters, so the gain and phase margins specified to the fuzzy control system are found. An analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions for fuzzy digital PID controlle
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Conference papers on the topic "Structural phase decay"

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Lochny, Michael, and Bernhard Bisplinghoff. "Radiochemical Characterization of Contaminants in Structural Materials of the AVR Reactor in Jülich." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1278.

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Abstract The complete decommissioning of the AVR reactor facility at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (HTGR type) raised the question of the radioactive inventory built up during and since the operational phase. Therefore, a precise chemical and radiochemical analysis system was developed at the Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology at Forschungszentrum Jülich with the aim of identifying and quantifying 45 nuclides from both metallic and ceramic materials. Separation schemes and details of apparatus are given. Chromatograms are shown resulting from high-performance liquid chromatog
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Breidokaitė, Simona, Andrius Tidikas, and Gediminas Stankūnas. "Evaluation of Decay Dose Rates for European DEMO Vacuum Vessel Structure." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16465.

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Abstract Four types of breeder blanket modules are in consideration for European DEMO pre-conceptual design phase specified by European Fusion Roadmap. In this study two designs (Helium Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) and Water-Cooled Lithium Lead (WCLL)) were investigated in terms of their influence on vacuum vessel (VV) nuclear decay dose rates. In both cases, the same vacuum vessel structure is examined. VV model consists of two shells, interspace and thermal shield. The inner shell and outer shell of vacuum vessel are made of Stainless Steel 316L(N)-IG. The interspace layer is made of water for c
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Han, Fei, Xiting Chen, Yiwu Kuang, Wen Wang, and Cheng Ye. "Investigation on a Complete Passive Cooling System Using Large-Scale Separate Heat Pipes in Spent Fuel Pool." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93413.

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Abstract Large-scale separate heat pipes used in the complete passive cooling system (PCS) transfer the decay heat in the spent fuel pool (SFP) efficiently through the two-phase natural circulation without any external power. In this study, a lumped mathematical model for the heat pipes are developed and parameters related to the heat transfer ability are discussed to settle the number of the heat pipes under different heat load. For the condensers at the auxiliary building, the effects of the tube pitch and the fin height are discussed, which are key parameters to the heat transfer performanc
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Tatli, Emre, Sung Jin Lee, Jun Liao, and Paolo Ferroni. "Assessment of Passive Cooling Capability of the Westinghouse Lead Fast Reactor Under Station Blackout Conditions." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-91821.

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Abstract Westinghouse is developing its next generation of high-capacity nuclear power plants with the Westinghouse Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) (Ref. 1). The Westinghouse LFR is a pool-type 950 MWt (∼450 MWe Net) passively safe modular construction plant that contains all the primary system components within the reactor vessel, including the reactor coolant pumps (RCPs) and the primary heat exchangers (PHEs). Similar to the Westinghouse AP1000® Pressurized Water Reactor design, the Westinghouse LFR design incorporates passive cooling capability primarily through its Passive Heat Removal Sys
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Kardak, Ajay A., and M. A. Wahab. "Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Characterization of Aluminum AA-6061 Butt-Welded Joints." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62247.

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Aluminum alloys because of their high strength to weight ratio have various applications as structural material in railways, ship building, aeronautics, construction, and consumer appliances. This increased use of aluminum alloys calls for more efficient and reliable welding processes which has always represented a great challenge for designers and technologists. AA-6061 Aluminum Alloy (Al-Mg-Si) is widely used in the aircraft industry and has gathered wider acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures. The preferred welding process for this alloy is Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) proces
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Talagala, P., M. K. Kim, and R. Kachru. "Stimulated photon echo modulation in praseodymium-doped crystals." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuy32.

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When the intensity of photon echo in a two-level system is measured as a function of delay time of the two input pulses, one obtains a simple exponential decay with the characteristic phase relaxation time. When the two levels contain hyperfine structures, the interference among the hyperfine levels gives rise to modulation of the decay envelope. The Fourier transform of the modulation pattern reveals the hyperfine structure of the rare-earth ions. The hyperfine structure, and therefore the modulation pattern, are both sensitively affected by the crystal environment of the ionic site. We exten
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Phair, L. "The Nuclear Liquid-Vapor Phase Transition: Equilibrium Between Phases Or Free Decay In Vacuum?" In FRONTIERS OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1556633.

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Abdeldayem, H., V. K. Mago, P. Chandra Sekhar, P. Venkateswarlu, and M. C. George. "Triplet-state gratings and degenerate four-wave mixing in disodium fluorescein-doped boric acid glass." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fx3.

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Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in disodium-fluorescein-doped glass revealed a large third-order susceptibility and a slow decay of the gratings that were responsible for optical phase conjugation. To understand the mechanisms for this, the following experiments were performed. The phase-conjugate signal in a DFWM setup was recorded for several concentrations of the dye in the glass. An Ar+ laser beam (488 and 457.9 nm) was used. Transient gratings were formed by turning the writing beams for the Ar+ laser on and off, and the decay was read by a He-Ne laser beam. Analysis showed that there
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Gureyev, D. M. "Pulsed, laser re-crystallization of high-speed steel surfase in ultrasonic field." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cwf65.

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The peculiarities of process of the pulsed laser re-crystallization of T1 high-speed steel surfase in the ultrasonic field were studyed in this work. The changes of structural-and-strained condition of the surfase layers within the laser-ultrasonic influence and the following bulk tempering of crystallized melt were analysed. The YAG:Nd - solid-state laser with the pulse duration of ~ 1 ms and the energy per pulse up to. 300 J was used as the laser source. The ultrasonic vibrations with the frequency of 22 kHz and the amplitude up-to 10 μm were coupled into the laser melt continuously along or
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Suzuki, Mitsutoshi, Katsumi Midorikawa, and Hideo Tashiro. "Spatial structures of solitons in stimulated Raman scattering." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.thmm24.

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After a π phase shift in the initial Stokes field had been predicted to initiate soliton formation in the depleted pump field during stimulated Raman scattering, a spontaneously generated π phase shift was certainly observed in the actual Stokes wave. Practically, the amplitude of this anomalous pump reversal forming the soliton often varies from shot to shot, and its spatial profile during the stable propagation in the media has not been known so far. Recently, diffractive soliton decay has been theoretically investigated,1 however, the fluctuating amplitude makes it difficult to observe expe
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