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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structural Rehabilitation'
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1
Abou-Elfath, Hamdy Mohamed. "Rehabilitation of nonductile reinforced concrete buildings using steel systems /." *McMaster only, 1998.
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2
Khalil, Ahmed Amir Ghobarah Ahmed. "Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structural walls using fibre composites /." *McMaster only, 2005.
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3
Matta, Fabio. "Innovative solutions in bridge construction, rehabilitation, and structural health monitoring." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/MattaPhD_Dissertation_09007dcc8038f8b1.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 15, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
4
Sanchez-Zamora, Francisco. "Seismic Rehabilitation of Steel Concentrically Braced Frames Vulnerable to Soft-Story Failure through Implementation of Rocking Cores." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/995.
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Recent research reports that steel Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) (even the code-compliant ones) may be susceptible to soft-story failures during strong earthquakes. Such a failure mode causes catastrophic outcomes and should be definitely avoided in practice. This thesis focuses on development and validation of a seismic retrofit strategy for low-rise and mid-rise steel CBFs vulnerable to soft-story failures. The considered retrofit strategy consists of a sufficiently stiff rocking core (RC) pinned to foundation and connected to the existing frame. For demonstration purpose, two representative benchmark steel CBF buildings, which are the three-and six-story CBFs designed forLos Angelesin the SAC Steel Project, are considered. Finite element (FE) models of the benchmark buildings are validated using the published results and explicitly take into account gusset plates, member yielding, brace buckling, brace rupture, and P-Delta effect. Eigenvalue analyses are first conducted to investigate the effect of RC on system modal properties. It is found that the added RC generally does not significantly change the fundamental period and therefore does not attract excessive earthquake force to the system. Additionally, nonlinear static pushover analyses are performed to address the beneficial contribution of RC to the system under the performance objectives including immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. The Monte-Carlo simulation technique is used to take into account uncertainty in lateral force distribution and its effect in system seismic performance. It is found that sufficiently stiff RC creates more uniform inter-story distribution along the vertical direction in all considered scenarios. Furthermore, nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted using three different ground motion suites. It is shown that the systems with properly selected RC can achieve the Best Safety Objective defined in FEMA 356 and ensure the collapse prevention performance under near-fault earthquakes.
5
El-Amoury, Tarek Abbas Ghobarah Ahmed. "Seismic rehabilitation of concrete frame beam-column joints /." *McMaster only, 2004.
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6
Holland, Michele M. "Quality Control Recommendations for Structural Interventions on Historic Properties." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31544.
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This thesis presents recommendations for controlling quality in structural interventions on historic properties. Recognizing that establishing quality in the early stages of an intervention can set the standard of quality for an entire project, these recommendations are for the first phase of an intervention, the Pre-Construction Phase. To create these recommendations, first a literature review of past and present intervention methods is conducted. After breaking down the Pre-Construction Phase first into a series of steps, and then each step into a series of details, a standard of quality is established for each detail. The available methods for conducting each detail are then analyzed. Using the literature review and the established standards of quality, recommendations are made as to which method is most appropriate for a given project. These recommendations are applied to two case studies, the structural interventions of Boykinâ s Tavern and Fallingwater. Finally, conclusions on the use of the proposed quality control recommendations are drawn, and suggestions are given for further work in this field.Master of Science
7
Slovenec, Derek. "Seismic Evaluation, Rehabilitation, and Improved Design of Sub-Standard Steel Concentrically Braced Frame Buildings." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1447928866.
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Cetinceli, Serkan. "Cost-benefit Analysis For Various Rehabilitation Strategies." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605766/index.pdf.
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Over the last decade, six major earthquakes that occurred in Turkey dramatically demonstrated the poor performance of the buildings that were designed and constructed far from Turkish seismic code&rsquos requirements. The Marmara region, where most of the population and industry is located, is in the active seismic zone. With the rising cost of damages due to earthquakes, the necessity of the cost-benefit analysis for various rehabilitation strategies used in existing buildings has become a major concern for the decision makers who are in the position of making decisions on the building rehabilitation This study evaluates the performance of two different rehabilitation strategies applied to two five-story reinforced concrete buildings and assesses their cost-benefit analyses. These buildings were chosen to be representative of the typical residential To carry out the structural analysis of the buildings, three-dimensional models of the buildings were developed using SAP2000 [6]. Two alternative strengthening methods, insertion of reinforced concrete shear walls and application of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) on hallow clay tile infill walls, were used for both of the buildings. While modeling infill walls strengthened with CFRP, two specific modeling attempts proposed by the researchers at Middle East Technical University were used. Pushover analyses were performed to evaluate seismic performance of the buildings. The Life Safety criterion was chosen as the rehabilitation objective. The global and component response acceptability limits were checked and the cost-benefit analysis was performed in order to determine the most attractive rehabilitation alternative. The results and comparisons given here illustrated that strengthening with shear wall had the most significant improvement on the seismic performance and cost effectiveness of the case study buildings. Outcomes of this study are only applicable to the buildings employed here and are bound by the assumptions made, approximations used and parameters considered in this study. The findings cannot be generalized for the buildings rehabilitated with CFRP due to lack of the consistent models for CFRP application. More research needs to be conducted to provide solid guidelines and reliable models applicable to the CFRP rehabilitated infill walls.
9
Park, Joonam. "Development and Application of Probabilistic Decision Support Framework for Seismic Rehabilitation of Structural Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4898.
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Seismic rehabilitation of structural systems is an effective approach for reducing potential seismic losses such as social and economic losses. However, little or no effort has been made to develop a framework for making decisions on seismic rehabilitation of structural systems that systematically incorporates conflicting multiple criteria and uncertainties inherent in the seismic hazard and in the systems themselves.
This study develops a decision support framework for seismic rehabilitation of structural systems incorporating uncertainties inherent in both the system and the seismic hazard, and demonstrates its application with detailed examples. The decision support framework developed utilizes the HAZUS method for a quick and extensive estimation of seismic losses associated with structural systems. The decision support framework allows consideration of multiple decision attributes associated with seismic losses, and multiple alternative seismic rehabilitation schemes represented by the objective performance level. Three multi-criteria decision models (MCDM) that are known to be effective for decision problems under uncertainty are employed and their applicability for decision analyses in seismic rehabilitation is investigated. These models are Equivalent Cost Analysis (ECA), Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), and Joint Probability Decision Making (JPDM). Guidelines for selection of a MCDM that is appropriate for a given decision problem are provided to establish a flexible decision support system. The resulting decision support framework is applied to a test bed system that consists of six hospitals located in the Memphis, Tennessee, area to demonstrate its capabilities.
10
Shah, Falak Dipak. "Time-dependent behavior of pretensioned stainless steel bars used for structural rehabilitation and retrofitting." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53063.
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The objective of this study is to characterize the long-term behavior of an austenitic-ferritic stainless steel-based pretensioned system for strengthening reinforced concrete bridge pier caps in shear. Stress relaxation experiments were conducted on UNS S32101 stainless steel bars subjected to various initial stresses and temperatures within the low homologous temperature (LHT) regime. Data from these experiments were used to develop a viscoplastic constitutive model to describe the long-term time- and temperature-dependent behavior of the stainless steel bars. This mechanics-based approach is integrated with an analytical method based on strut-and-tie analysis to compute the shear strength of reinforced concrete pier caps strengthened with this external pretensioned system.
11
Sanchez, Juan Carlos. "Seismic Rehabilitation of Steel Moment Frames Vulnerable to Soft-Story Failures Through Implementation of Rocking Cores." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1029.
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During seismic events, inefficient steel moment frame building systems may exhibit soft-story failures. This thesis focuses on development and validation of a seismic retrofit strategy for avoiding soft-story failures in low-rise and mid-rise steel moment frame buildings. The considered retrofit strategy consists of a sufficiently stiff Rocking Core (RC) pinned to the foundation and pin connected to the existing frame. For demonstration purposes, two representative benchmark steel moment frames, which are modified from the three- and nine-story pre-Northridge steel moment frames designed for Los Angeles in the SAC Steel Project, are considered. Finite Element (FE) models of the benchmark buildings are developed with consideration of member yielding, connection rupture, and P-Delta effect, and validated using published results. Eigenvalue analyses are conducted to investigate the effect of the RC on system modal properties. It is found that in general the added RC with practical stiffness value does not significantly change the fundamental period and therefore does not attract excessive earthquake force to the system. In addition, nonlinear static pushover analyses are performed to address the beneficial contribution of the RC to the system under the performance objectives including immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. The Monte-Carlo simulation technique is used to generate the random lateral force distribution required in the nonlinear static pushover analysis. It is found that RC works as expected in all considered scenarios and creates more uniform inter-story distribution along the vertical direction when it is sufficiently stiff. Furthermore, nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted using three different ground motion suites (including two suites with ground motions having probabilities of exceedance of 2% and 10% in 50 years, and one suite with near-fault ground motions). It is shown that the systems with properly selected RC can achieve the Best Safety Objective defined in FEMA 356 and exhibit collapse prevention performance under near-fault earthquakes.
12
Borstad, Alexandra Lee. "Functional and Structural Neural Correlates of Sensory Discrimination after Stroke." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343409488.
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13
Hayes, Michael David. "Characterization and Modeling of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymeric Composite Structural Beam and Bridge Structure for Use in the Tom's Creek Bridge Rehabilitation Project." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35852.
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Fiber reinforced polymeric (FRP) composite materials are beginning to find use in construction and infrastructure applications. Composite members may potentially provide more durable replacements for steel and concrete in primary and secondary bridge structures, but the experience with composites in these applications is minimal. Recently, however, a number of groups in the United States have constructed short-span traffic bridges utilizing FRP members. These demonstration cases will facilitate the development of design guidelines and durability data for FRP materials. The Tom's Creek Bridge rehabilitation is one such project that utilizes a hybrid FRP composite beam in an actual field application.
This thesis details much of the experimental work conducted in conjunction with the Tom's Creek Bridge rehabilitation. All of the composite beams used in the rehabilitation were first proof tested in four-point bending. A mock-up of the bridge was then constructed in the laboratory using the actual FRP beams and timber decking. The mock-up was tested in several static loading schemes to evaluate the bridge response under HS20 loading. The lab testing indicated a deflection criterion of nearly L/200; the actual field structure was stiffer at L/450. This was attributed to the difference in boundary conditions for the girders and timber panels.
Finally, the bridge response was verified with an analytical model that treats the bridge structure as a wood beam resting upon discrete elastic springs. The model permits both bending and torsional stiffness in the composite beams, as well as shear deformation. A parametric study was conducted utilizing this model and a mechanics of laminated beam theory to provide recommendations for alternate bridge designs and modified composite beam designs.
Master of Science
14
Betzler, Felix [Verfasser]. "Structural changes in motor tracts of chronic stroke patients associated with experimental rehabilitation : a DTI study / Felix Betzler." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027308090/34.
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15
Claffey, Austin M. "Metamemory in multiple sclerosis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4513.
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The concept of metamemory proposes that supplementary to typically measured memory abilities, memory monitoring and control processes are used to optimise learning. Accurate memory monitoring appears to be underpinned by a range of cognitive, and possibly affective, contributions. In populations with these deficits, metamemory has been shown to be impaired. In Multiple Sclerosis (MS), only a limited metamemory literature exists, surprising given that MS is a leading cause of disability among people of working age, and cognitive and mood disorder is common. Using structural equation modelling, this study of 100 people with MS explored factors contributing to performance on episodic Judgment of Learning, Retrospective Confidence and Feeling of Knowing. Given its negative influence on cognitive domains in MS, the impact of information processing deficits on metamemory was also investigated. Finally, memory self-report, a frequently used clinical indicator of memory functioning, was assessed. Findings suggest that memory complaint is associated with mood, and is unrelated to tested memory. Second, Retrospective Confidence Judgments were predictive of memory performance, even in the presence of memory impairment. Third, an unusual finding of maintained underconfidence at delay was observed in the Judgment of Learning task. Finally, Feeling of Knowing judgments related to executive, but not to memory ability. A novel finding in respect of this judgment was of processing speed relating negatively to accuracy, in the context of executive dysfunction. This suggests that some top-down direction of processing resources may be a factor in supporting accuracy, rather than the speed at which information is processed. Of all the task-based judgments, accuracy in this judgment was the only one with a reliable association with mood. Faster processing speed, executive dysfunction and least depression symptomatology related to low accuracy, perhaps typifying a profile of disinhibition seen in MS, characterised by poorly constrained processing and apparently elevated mood.
16
Davies, Joel Peter. "The identification and investigation of the factors associated with rigid sewer pipe deterioration and collapse." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391296.
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Yamamoto, Scott Hiromi. "Individuals with Disabilities in Self-Employment through Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies across the United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11534.
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xv, 111 p. : ill.Despite numerous legislative and programmatic efforts, individuals with disabilities continue to experience greater difficulties gaining employment and poorer outcomes of employment than individuals without disabilities. These disparities negatively impact society. My review of the U.S. empirical research literature suggests, however, that self-employment could improve employment opportunities and outcomes for individuals with disabilities, and their success is most influenced by individual characteristics, level of supports, and accountability systems. In this dissertation study, I used a nonexperimental research design to investigate six research questions with Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) statistical analyses. Extant data on more than a million clients of vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies from the 50 states and District of Columbia for fiscal years 2003 to 2007 were obtained from the Rehabilitation Services Administration. Results of the HLM analysis indicated that among the significant (
Committee in charge: Richard Albin Chair; Deanne Unruh, Member; Deborah Olson, Member; Lauren Lindstrom, Member; Patricia Gwartney, Outside Member
18
Kaya, Fuat Emre. "Applications of Additive Manufacturing in Construction and Historic Building Restoration/Rehabilitation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22784/.
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The term “Additive Manufacturing” is described as the layered production of parts from a 3D file. Over the past century, this technology has evolved from a complement tool for conventional product development into an independent production method. Whereas high technology industries such as aerospace and medicine were already embraced additive manufacturing, structural engineering and architecture are lagging. Additive manufacturing has the potential to revolutionize the construction and restoration of historic buildings, with foreseeable benefits including highly complex and efficient structures with the reduction in material use and wastage, streamlining and expedition of the design-build process, improved customization. However, there are also challenges and demands: a new way of thinking for design and verifications for stability and serviceability of printed elements, the cost, the need for well-educated engineers.
In this dissertation, the current state of additive manufacturing in construction and historic building restoration/rehabilitation is reviewed as a combination of qualitative and quantitative-based studies. The research aims to give confidence to additive manufacturing applicability in these fields and stimulate further research. The opportunities and challenges are discussed by analysing concrete, polymer, and metal-based processes and their applications of additive manufacturing in the construction sector. A review of structural and non-structural applications in restoration projects, possible future applications in terms of structural strengthening are analysed and opportunities and challenges are identified and discussed. Based on the literature review and experimental lab tests, the outcome was obtained as the tensile mechanical properties are adequate for structural engineering applications. However, further interdisciplinary research on additive manufacturing is necessary to build confidence in structural engineers and architects.
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Echeverria, José Antonio Santana. "Avaliação do efeito de restaurações com fresagem e recapeamento nas condições funcional e estrutural de pavimentos com volume de tráfego médio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/38794.
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Nesta dissertação foi analisado o efeito de restaurações com fresagem e recapeamento com concreto asfáltico nos parâmetros funcionais e estruturais em dois segmentos de rodovias federais de tráfego médio da região noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Ambos os segmentos estão inseridos na unidade geomorfológica denominada Planalto Meridional, e possuem subleito classificado pedologicamente como latossolo vermelho. Na condição funcional foram avaliados: o Índice de Gravidade Global (IGG), macrotextura e a irregularidade longitudinal (IRI). Na condição estrutural foram realizadas avaliações destrutivas: umidade e massa específica aparente seca em campo das camadas inferiores do pavimento, e como avaliação não-destrutiva, medidas de deflexão com viga Benkelman. Com os materiais coletados foram realizados ensaios laboratoriais de compactação e teor de umidade, ISC, equivalente de areia, limites de Atterberg e ensaios triaxiais de carga repetida para obtenção de modelos de módulo de resiliência. De posse dos dados citados, aplicaram-se modelos de previsão de desempenho para estimar as reduções de Irregularidade e da Deflexão e compará-las com valores resultantes de medidas antes e depois da restauração. Por meio de análises estatísticas, foi obtida uma linha de tendência para redução de deflexão com restauração simples, aplicável, em princípio a pavimentos semelhantes na região em estudo. Ainda, comparam-se valores de ATR (afundamento na trilha de roda) medidos com perfilômetro laser e treliça metálica, observando-se a discrepância significativa entre os resultados. Globalmente, verificou-se que a solução de restauração restituiu aos pavimentos a capacidade estrutural adequada, melhorando também sua condição funcional, em termos de conforto e a segurança viária.This Dissertation reports the main findings of a research on the effects of a basic rehabilitation procedure (milling and replacing the distressed asphalt wearing course by a new layer of asphalt concrete) on functional and structural parameters of two test sections of medium-traffic roads in the Northwestern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Both test sections are placed in a Geomorphological Unit called “Planalto Meridional” (South Plain) and subgrade soils are pedologycally classified as red latosols. Regarding the pavements functional condition, the following parameters were evaluated: roughness (IRI – International Roughness Index), macrotexture and a Brazilian Global Severity Index (IGG – “Indice de Gravidade Global”), which is computed considering the severity and the frequency of a set of pavement distresses. In order to evaluate the pavements structural capacity, trenches were opened, in situ moisture content and dry density of base, sub-base and subgrades were measured and materials were sampled in order to carry out laboratory tests. Surface deflections were measured using a Benkelman Beam. Roughness and deflections were measured before and after rehabilitation, while macrotexture was measured on the new asphalt layer. Laboratory procedures consisted of gradation, Atterberg Limits, compaction, CBR and resilient modulus tests; the Sand Equivalents of base and sub-base aggregates were also determined. Pavement Prediction Models were used to estimate roughness and deflection decreases due to the rehabilitation procedure; these estimations were compared to the differences between roughness or deflection before and after rehabilitation. By means of Statistics analysis, a tendency line that allows estimating deflection reduction due to the rehabilitation procedure was defined. That tendency line might be used to estimate deflection reduction in similar pavements of the Northwestern Region of the state. Rut depth values measured with a three-point ruler were compared to values measured with a laser profiler; it was shown that both sets of values are quite different. All in all, it was verified that the rehabilitation procedure (milling and replacing the distressed asphalt wearing course by a new layer of asphalt concrete) provided the studied pavements adequate bearing capacity and improved their serviceability (parameter related to safety and confort).
20
Boncu, Altan. "Structural Fire Safety Of Standart Circular Railroad Tunnels Under Different Soil Conditions." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609537/index.pdf.
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In many tunnel designs, reinforced concrete tunnel lining design is selected based on construction requirements rather than design loads. A constant cross-section is typically used along a tunnel even if the design loads change from one location to another, especially for tunnels constructed by tunnel boring machines (TBM). Factor of safety against failure is not constant along the length of tunnel and is typically high at shallow depth regions. Factor of safety during a rare event is usually much less than the ones set for service load states. Rare events such as earthquake, train derailment, explosion and long duration fires do not happen daily and generally a minor reparable damage is targeted at the structure during those types of events. The focus of this study is to analytically investigate structural fire safety of reinforced concrete circular tunnel linings in terms of reduction in service load safety and to develop recommendations for preliminary assessment of structural fire endurance of circular tunnel linings. Analytical methods accounting for thermal non-linearity, material degradation, tunnel lining-ground interaction and fire time stages are available to assess the structural fire safety of the concrete tunnel linings. Analytical results are determined to be in good agreement with tunnel key segment hydrocarbon fire test.
21
Sella, Oshrat. "Skill versus Strength in Swallowing Training: Neurophysiological, Biomechanical, and Structural Assessments." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7767.
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Swallowing is a complex sensorimotor behaviour that includes precisely-timed bilateral activation and relaxation of muscles of the face, lips, tongue, cheeks, palate, larynx, pharynx and oesophagus. These events of activation and inhibition are controlled by many structures of the brain and are executed by cranial nerves that carry motor and sensory information to and from the swallowing muscles.
Swallowing disorders are common sequelae of many neurological and structural disorders, including stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and head and neck cancer. Changes to swallowing physiology are also prevalent in older individuals, but these changes do not necessarily translate to dysphagia. Decreased muscle strength, changes to motor unit properties, and hypotrophic changes in skeletal muscles can result in age-related changes in swallowing physiology. In addition to muscular changes, neural changes might also change swallowing function in older subjects.
The motor-learning literature presents a clear distinction between the differential applications and effects of skill- and strength-training approaches for rehabilitation of limb movement. In contrast to limb-movement rehabilitation, swallowing rehabilitation approaches consist mainly of strength training, although the pathophysiological basis for dysphagia is not always weakness. Therefore, this Phase I clinical-trial critically evaluated a unique swallowing skill training protocol in which the goal of intervention is to increase precision of motor control during swallowing. A Phase I clinical-trial was necessary to identify the appropriate protocol for inducing neurophysiological, biomechanical, and structural adaptations, to estimate effect sizes, and to identify adverse effects.
The first and primary question addressed in this thesis was whether swallowing skill training would produce greater physiological effects in healthy subjects than a traditional swallowing strength training approach. In order to answer this question, three levels of assessment were included. Neurophysiological assessment consisted of delivering single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the M1 area that sends efferent projections to the submental muscle group during a functional task of volitional saliva swallowing, and during a non-functional task of submental muscle group contraction. Biomechanical assessments consisted of pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure measurements using pharyngeal manometry during effortful and non-effortful swallowing tasks, submental muscle activation measurements using surface electromyography (sEMG) during effortful and non-effortful swallowing tasks, and hyoid displacement using ultrasonography. Structural assessment consisted of measuring the cross sectional area of the submental muscle group. Finally, motor performance during training, and subjective ratings of the training protocols were assessed. Two skill training protocols were developed to assess the use of immediate versus delayed visual feedback in swallowing skill training. In addition, a pilot study aimed at examining the effects of increased dosage of training sessions was conducted.
Forty healthy subjects (20 young, and 20 old; 20 females and 20 males) were allocated to skill and strength training groups in a counterbalanced manner. Strength training consisted of execution of the effortful swallowing technique targeting increased demand for strength. Skill training targeted precise timing and force execution during swallowing execution. Several motor-learning principles were considered in devising the training protocols, including the principles of task specificity and high intensity of training. Biofeedback was included to promote motor learning. Since the submental muscle group plays an important role in hyolaryngeal excursion, the current study utilized submental sEMG biofeedback using custom-made training software. The training protocols consisted of 1000 repetition of swallowing over a 2-week period. Subjects trained for an hour, five days a week, for 2 weeks (i.e., 10 training sessions). The extended dosage protocol included 10 subjects and comprised an additional eight sessions.
The results indicated that there was a significant difference in submental activation following training, with strength training having an increase in sEMG peak amplitude in comparison to skill training. There were no other differences between groups at the 5% error level. Patterns of change were revealed when marginally significant results (0.05 < p ≤ 0.10) were investigated as well. Strength training resulted in a trend towards increased neural drive for volitional effortful-type tasks (i.e., effortful saliva swallowing, effortful water swallowing, and submental muscle contraction) as indicated by increased MEP magnitude (p = 0.07) which was consistent with significantly increased peak amplitude of submental activity measures (p < 0.001). This finding supports the task specificity principle of motor learning. Skill training resulted in no changes in MEP magnitude. There was a trend (p = 0.06) towards increased submental muscles activity during functional swallowing tasks (i.e., non-effortful swallowing) in young subjects,. Males in skill training had decreased duration of UES opening in 10 mL water effortful swallowing task (p = 0.02), a trend towards increased UES pressure in non-effortful saliva swallowing task (p = 0.07), and reduced hyoid displacement following training (p < 0.001). Changes in pharyngeal pressures were detected for skill training with delayed visual feedback that resulted in decreased pressure at mid-pharynx in effortful and non-effortful tasks (p < 0.05). No difference in submental CSA changes was detected in either training group. Both groups improved motor performance measured by data collected during the session (target hit-rate and muscle activity).
The results of the pilot study that examined the effects of an extended dosage of training were difficult to interpret due to the small sample size. However, there were significant and marginally significant effects of skill training on mid-pharyngeal and UES pressure duration events.
Dysphagia is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease, but no specific training programme exists for these patients, leading to the second question addressed through this research. Since movement planning is compromised due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia, providing external information for planning and executing swallowing was hypothesized to alleviate dysphagic symptoms. Ten subjects were recruited. Swallowing skill training with immediate feedback was administered for one hour every day, five days a week, for 2 weeks, similar to the training dosage and frequency in the healthy group. Biomechanical and structural changes were assessed. Swallowing skill training with immediate feedback led to an increase in submental activity in effortful swallowing tasks but not non-effortful tasks. In addition, it was found that individuals with dysphagia secondary to Parkinson’s disease have deceased submental muscle reserve relative to healthy subjects.
Preliminary analysis of MEP data led to exploration of submental MEP measures between younger and older subjects. This ‘discovery’ research shed light on the third topic addressed in this thesis. There are contradicting results in the literature regarding age-related brain activity during swallowing. Since submental MEPs were included as an outcome measure in the main study, it was important to evaluate them at baseline in order to understand and interpret changes in this measure. Unlike other measures, such as pharyngeal pressure and hyoid displacement that have been documented in the literature to change with age, no similar study has been conducted to assess for differences in swallowing-related MEPs. Baseline data from the main study were analysed. Older subjects produced larger MEP magnitude in comparison to young in volitional saliva swallowing and volitional submental contraction. This finding raised some questions regarding the use of MEPs as an outcome measure, since it is not clear what constitutes a ‘positive’ change.
This study documented, for the first time, the application of skill training in swallowing in a healthy and dysphagic population. Positive effects of treatment were found in the dysphagic group; an indication of negative effects was identified in the healthy group. In addition, this is the first study to compare skill to strength training in swallowing. The only significant difference between the two was significantly greater submental activation in effortful swallowing tasks following strength training in comparison to skill training; although there were some significant interactions between age and training type and gender and training type. This project represents the first Phase I clinical-trial of an innovative approach for addressing swallowing impairments. Achieving the ultimate aim of finding the most appropriate training protocol for treating individuals with a specific pathophysiological basis of dysphagia, requires the implementation of a long-term on-going research programme characterized by a staged process. This research programme sets an initial reference framework from which further projects can estimate the sample size required to answer specific questions, control for effects of age and gender and their interaction with training, increase precision in choosing assessment tools, and test new specific questions.
22
Ciliberti, Alessio. "Condition assessment of bridges using monitoring data." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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In the last years, significant interest has been vested in the possibility of using Structural health monitoring (SHM) as a standardized tool in bridge engineering. Structural Health Monitoring is an emerging field in engineering that gathers together several techniques such as structural dynamics, materials, signal processing, or microelectronics. Sensors, data, and simulation tools come together under the umbrella of SHM to offer - at every moment during the life of a structure - a diagnosis of its health and prognosis of its remaining life.
This thesis has been developed within the group of Structural dynamics and monitoring at ETH Zurich, under the supervision of Prof.Dr. Eleni Chatzi. The aim of this thesis has been to try to assess the condition of a bridge, used as case study, in order to detect changes in modal parameters and correlate them with possible types of damage, especially the ones caused by environmental (temperature) and operational (traffic) variability of modal parameters. Furthermore, a performance indicator of the health of a structure, such as fatigue, has been studied in this work in order to relate possible damage accumulation to the environmental and operational condition. For the purposes of these studies, a major bridge infrastructure in Switzerland has been analysed. Additional knowledge and information were essential though, before the intended calculations could be performed.
This study contributes to the development of an analysis process for SHM-based condition assessment for an existing structure, thereby defining further methodologies and strategies for maintenance and repair of bridges. In addition, it provides relevant information for design purposes about the influence of seasonal behaviour of action effects and traffic loads on the stiffness and different fatigue damage throughout a reference period for the long span bridge under investigation, pointing the way to implementing such methods for bridge infrastructure.
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Manikanti, Murali Krishna. "Building Information Modelling for rehabilitation projects of historic buildings. A case study on building pathologies." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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The modern construction industry has undergone several changes since the introduction of Building information modelling (BIM). Mistakes that occur repeatedly and inevitably in the design and construction process could be controlled to a greater extent with the introduction of BIM. But using BIM for existing building has been a challenge. The usefulness of BIM is further challenged by features and interoperability issues with the lack of a user-friendly interface. Thus, many research opportunities when creating economical and automated BIM of existing buildings achieve a certain level of BIM maturity among stakeholders The core of this work is building pathologies and their remedial measures with the current industry's best Materials and Technologie by using BIM. In addition, the thesis proposes some seismic improvement interventions in order to equip the building for future seismic events. Furthermore, cost analysis and comparisons of costs for each intervention help us in understanding the economic viability of the project.
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Koljonen, S. (Saija). "Ecological impacts of in-stream restoration in salmonid rivers:the role of enhanced structural complexity." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295690.
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Abstract Despite the great amount of in-stream restorations conducted in the past decades there is still a disturbing lack of knowledge about the outcome of these measures. The overall goal of this study was to assess the effect of enhanced streambed heterogeneity on the ecology of stream salmonids and stream retention efficiency. Substratum heterogeneity is often considered as one of the most important limiting factors for organisms living in running waters. Winter ecology of rivers has not been broadly studied regardless of the general belief that wintertime conditions strongly influence the survival and population size of stream salmonids. In an experimental study, the paucity of wintertime habitat in simplified channels caused temporary mass loss in age-0 trout. In late spring, channelized stream trout performed catch-up growth with potentially negative effects on long-term fitness. A management implication of this study is that increasing cover availability by in-stream restoration structures may enhance the long term success of juvenile salmonids although the short term effects were minor. Densities of salmon parr in the River Kiiminkijoki showed no response to streambed restoration. Suitable habitat area for salmon parr increased after restoration under summer conditions. However, restoration-induced benefits to winter habitats were marginal, with one study reach indicating even negative values. Most of the areas with good habitat values were located along river margins, indicating that restoration measures had only limited impact on the mid-sections of the river channel. Dredging of small streams may have caused depletion of allochthonous organic matter due to the reduction of retentive structures. In a leaf release experiment, moss cover enhanced retentiveness as well as did various restoration structures (boulders, large wood). Only a very high amount of wood clearly enhanced retention capacity. This underlines the importance of wood as an effective retention structure in headwater streams. This study indicates that habitat complexity as such may be less important than life-stage specific habitat requirements of fish (e.g. cover for overwintering salmonids). Importantly, restoration may only be successful if the measures used target the limiting factor(s) of the ecosystem or the species; for salmonids, habitat complexity does not seem to be this factorTiivistelmä Uiton jälkeisten kunnostustoimenpiteiden määrä Suomessa on ollut huomattava, mutta vaikutusten arviointi, pelkästään kalastonkin kannalta, on jäänyt vähäiselle huomiolle. Tässä työssä selvitettiin kunnostusten merkitystä lohen ja taimenen poikasvaiheille, huomioiden etenkin pohjan rakenteellisen monimuotoisuuden vaikutus. Työssä selvitettiin myös kunnostusten vaikutuksia lehtikarikkeen pidätyskykyyn, joka on erityisesti latvapurojen ekosysteemien tärkeimpiä perustoimintoja. Lohikalojen talviekologinen tutkimus on viime aikoihin saakka ollut vähäistä, vaikka talviolosuhteiden uskotaan rajoittavan pohjoisten virtavesien eliöstön elinmahdollisuuksia. Kokeellisessa työssä rännimäisissä uomissa talvehtiminen aiheutti taimenenpoikasille tilapäisen painon alenemisen ja nopean kompensaatiokasvun loppukeväällä. Kompensaatiokasvu voi vaikuttaa negatiivisesti koko kalan eliniän, joten kunnostusten tuoma hyöty sopivien suojapaikkojen lisääntymisenä voi edesauttaa lohikalojen pitkäaikaista menestymistä. Kiiminkijoella lohenpoikasten tiheydet eivät muuttuneet kunnostuksen myötä ja vuosien välinen vaihtelu oli kuuden vuoden seurantajaksolla huomattavan suurta. Elinympäristömallinnuksen perusteella soveltuvan elinympäristön lisäys ei ollut merkittävää, koska etenkin talviaikaisten alueiden puute jäi huomattavaksi. Suurin osa soveltuvasta elinympäristöstä sijaitsi joen reuna-alueilla, joten kunnostusvaikutus joen keskiosaan jäi odotettua pienemmäksi. Uittoperkaus on voinut johtaa latvavesien ekosysteemien köyhtymiseen maalta tulevan orgaanisen aineksen pidättymiskyvyn vähentyessä. Kokeellisen työn perusteella kuitenkin nykypäivän tilanne vuosikymmeniä uiton loppumisen jälkeen osoittautui lähes yhtä pidättäväksi kuin nykyisin käytetyt kunnostusrakenteet (kivi tai puu). Kunnostusrakenteeseen tulisi lisätä huomattava määrä puuta, jotta lehtikarike pidättyisi korkeallakin virtaamatasolla. Tulosten perusteella elinympäristöjen muuttaminen monimuotoisemmiksi ei takaa kunnostustoimien onnistumista, sillä etenkin kalapopulaatioita rajoittavat yleensä useat tekijät. Jos kuitenkin elinympäristö on populaatiota rajoittava resurssi ja sitä pystytään lisäämään (kuten talviaikaiset suojapaikat), voidaan kunnostuksella saada näkyviä tuloksia. On ilmeistä, että kunnostustoimien tulisi olla nykyistä kattavampia ja paremmin suunnattuja rajoittaviin tekijöihin, jotta tulokset näkyisivät
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Campos, Luiz Eduardo Teixeira. "Técnicas de recuperação e reforço estrutural com estruturas de aço." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=422.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorÉ provável, que num futuro breve, as atividades da indústria da construção sejam dedicadas em grande parte ao reforço, restauro, reutilização e recuperação de diversos edifícios que, construídos em épocas por vezes não muito distantes, encontram-se hoje em precárias condições de conservação e de segurança. Restauração envolve a realização de uma série de operações necessárias na estrutura de uma edificação a fim de restabelecer sua eficiência estrutural original, antes de ocorrer o colapso. Por outro lado, reforço estrutural representa melhorar o desempenho estrutural a fim de permitir que a edificação atenda às novas exigências funcionais, como por exemplo, novo tipo de carregamento. A necessidade de se realizar trabalhos de reparação e reforço estrutural em edifícios urbanos está diretamente relacionada com a oportunidade e a necessidade de se recuperar espaços e volumes não mais utilizados, impedindo a sua completa degradação, possibilitando assim, uma nova utilização. Estas intervenções devem usar todas as possibilidades proporcionadas pelos modernos sistemas de reparação e de reforço estrutural, visando encontrar as melhores soluções para os problemas de perda de resistência, de transporte, de operacionalidade em espaços reduzidos e de compatibilidade funcional e estética diante das estruturas existentes. Este trabalho tem como finalidade principal apresentar as diversas possibilidades e vantagens do uso das estruturas de aço em reformas, restaurações e reforço de estruturas existentes construídas, inicialmente, com diversos tipos de materiais. As vantagens estruturais e arquitetônicas do aço possibilitam a verificação de várias exigências construtivas, das quais se pode citar: a pré-fabricação, a elevada resistência, a reversibilidade, as dimensões e peso reduzidos, a simplicidade de transporte, a facilidade de montagem em obra, a utilização em espaços reduzidos, a disponibilidade em diversas formas e dimensões, o tempo de execução reduzido e a ótima relação custo benefício.
It is probable that, in a very near future, a substantial amount of construction industry activities would be dedicated to the reinforcement, rehabilitation, reuse and repair of buildings that, despite being recently constructed, are already subjected to precarious conservation and safety conditions. The buildings renewal and repair activities involve a set of required structural interventions to re-establish its original structural efficiency before any permanent structural damage occurs. On the other hand, structural reinforcement represents a structural performance improvement to enable the evaluated building to attend its new required functional demands, i.e. additional loads. The need for performing tasks related to urban buildings repair and reinforcement is directly related to the opportunity and necessity of regaining unused spaces and volumes inhibiting its complete degradation and enabling their reuse. These interventions should use all the possibilities created by modern systems of structural repair and reinforcement. Their main objective is to determine the best solutions for problems related to lack of structural strength, transport, operation in reduced spaces and functional and aesthetical compatibility with the existing structures. The main aim of this study is to present the various possibilities and advantages related to the use of steel structures in renewal, restorations, rehabilitations, repair and reinforcement of structures that were originally built with different materials. The steel structural and architectural advantages enable the development of various constructional requirements like: prefabrication, high structural strength, reversibility, reduced dimensions and weight, transport and erection ease, use in reduced spaces, availability in several shapes and dimensions, reduced execution time and an optimum cost-benefit ratio.
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O'Malley, Curtis John. "Experimental testing, analysis, and strengthening of reinforced concrete pier caps by exterior post tensioning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41076.
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Condition assessment of existing concrete bridge pier caps using the general shear provisions of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification has caused the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) to post a large number of bridges in the State of Georgia. Posting of bridges disrupts the free flow of goods within the region served by the bridge and has a negative economic impact. To prevent structural deterioration, diagonal cracking or failure of concrete pier caps in shear, the GDOT employs an in-situ strengthening technique that utilizes an external vertical post-tensioning system. However, the fundamental mechanics of this system and its effectiveness under service load have not been examined previously.
This research examines the behavior of reinforced concrete pier caps that utilize the above strengthening system in a combined analytical and experimental program. In the experimental part of the study, two groups of full-scale reinforced concrete deep beam specimens were tested. The first group consisted of six deep beams with shear span/depth ratios of approximately 1.0, which is typical of bridge pier caps; of these six, two included the external post-tensioning system. In the second group, nine deep beam specimens that included a segment of the column representing the pier were tested; four of those tests included the external post-tensioning system. The tests revealed that the shear capacity computed using the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications provided a conservative estimate of the specimen capacity in all but one case when compared to the experimental results. However, the AASHTO strut and tie provisions were found to provide a much closer assessment of the load carrying mechanism in the pier cap than the general shear provisions, in that they were able to predict the load at which yielding of the tension reinforcement occurred as well as the angle of the compression strut. The presence of the column segment in the second group had a significant impact on the failure mechanism developed in the specimen near ultimate load. The stress concentration at the reentrant corner between the pier cap and column interface served as an attractor for the formation of diagonal shear cracks, a mechanism not observed in previous deep beam tests in shear. The research has led to recommendations for improving the design of pier caps and the external post-tensioning system, where required, based on mechanics which are consistent with the results of the experimental program.
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Wiberg, Larsson Bodil. "Sammenhæng i genoptræning : relateret til rygsygdom og den danske strukturreform." Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3142.
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Baggrund: Sammenhæng i sundhedsvæsenets aktiviteter er et aktuelt fokusområde. Den danske strukturreform af 2007 tilsigtede, udover at videre udvikle et demokratisk styret offentligt sundhedsvæsen, at skabe sammenhæng, effektivitet og kvalitet i sundhedsvæsenet. Denne undersøgelse ser nærmere på begrebet sammenhæng. Formål: Belyse fænomenet sammenhæng i genoptræning i relation til rygsygdom og i relation til strukturreformen. Metode: Undersøgelsen rummer kvalitative gruppeinterviews af patienter og sundhedsprofessionelle og en modificeret fænomenologisk analysemodel. Teorigrundlaget er tre forskellige perspektiveringer; et sundhedsplanlæggende-, et subjekt- og et integrationsperspektiv. Resultater: Sammenhæng i genoptræning er når udgangspunktet for genoptræningen er en klar diagnose, når genoptræningen subjekt orienteres, når ræsonnementer vedrørende ressourcer tænkes ind i genoptræningen og når den faglige kapacitet udnyttes maximalt. Konklusion: En klar diagnose er helt central for sammenhængen både for patienter og terapeuter. Strukturreformen har forandret rammerne og ansvarsfordelingen for genoptræning, men har ikke i sig selv forbedret sammenhængen. Sammenhæng kan relateres til evalueringsmodellen indeholdende struktur, proces og resultat.Background: Cohesiveness in health care activities is a current topic. The Danish structural reform of 2007 intended to create coherence, efficiency and quality in health care and to further the development of Denmark´s democratically run public health care system. Purpose: This study aimed to look more closely at the phenomenon of cohesive rehabilitation in relation to the structural reform, particularly regarding low back pain. Method: The investigation used group interviews with patients and health professionals, and a modified fenomenological model of analyses. Its theory is based on three different perspectives: a health planning perspective, a particular subject perspective and an integration perspective. Results: Cohesive rehabilitation exists when the basis for rehabilitation includes an evident diagnosis, subject orientated, considerations of resources, and completely exploited professional knowledge. Conclusion: An evident diagnose is a crucial aspect of cohesive rehabilitation for both patients and health professionals. Although reform changed the settings and responsibilities of rehabilitation it did not increase cohesiveness. Cohesiveness can be related to the model of evaluation including structure, process and outcome.
ISBN 978-91-86739-04-1
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Allen, Christine. "Role of end peeling in behavior of reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded reinforcement." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33982.
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Aging bridges in the United States demand effective, efficient, and economical strengthening techniques to meet future traffic requirements. One such technique is to bond steel or fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates to the tension faces of reinforced concrete bridge beams with adhesives to strengthen them in flexure. However, beams that have been flexurally strengthened in this manner often fail prematurely, in particular by plate end peeling.
The benefits of flexural strengthening by externally bonded reinforcement can only be fully realized by preventing premature failure modes so as to allow the development of composite action between the beam and the external reinforcement. With this goal in mind, several critical limit states of externally reinforced beams are examined in this thesis. Models developed by Roberts (1989) and by Colotti, Spadea, and Swamy (2004) that predict premature plate end debonding are examined in depth using data from previously conducted experimental programs that employed both steel and FRP external reinforcement. In addition, various parameters of the concrete beam, adhesive, and external reinforcement are analyzed in each model to determine the role of each parameter in failure prediction.
A critical appraisal of the performance of the models using existing experimental data leads to the selection of the Roberts (1989) model. This model is used to develop recommended design guidelines for flexurally strengthening reinforced concrete bridge beams with externally bonded FRP plates and for preventing premature plate peeling.
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Rybski, Melinda Fritts. "Structural Relationship between Stroke Indicators from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and Stroke Variables from the National Health Interview Survey." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253021381.
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Daissè, Gilda. "Interfacial bond behavior of steel-FRCM composites applied to a masonry substrate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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In the last decades the theme of structural rehabilitation has acquired great importance and the adoption of composite materials in civil engineering applications has been a turning point in this field. The cement-based matrix of FRCM composites presents many advantages for their application to historical buildings. This dissertation presents a study of the influence of composite bonded length and width on the load response and failure mode. Two types of mortar matrix and two different steel densities were employed. The classical push pull configuration is adopted where fibers are pulled while the masonry block is restrained. Based on the experimental results and through a fracture mechanics approach, the cohesive material laws for mode II was obtained. For the completeness of the work, the characterization of each material involved in the single-lap shear test has been achieved.
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Smith, Jeffrey L. "LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES REHABILITATED WITH CFRP." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/33.
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The deterioration of highway bridges and structures and the cost of repairing, rehabilitating, or replacing deteriorated structures is a major issue for bridge owners. An aging infrastructure as well as the need to upgrade structural capacity for heavier trucks adds to problem. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a useful tool for determining when the deployment of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite components is an economically viable alternative for rehabilitating deteriorated concrete bridges.
The use of LCCA in bridge design and rehabilitation has been limited. The use of LCCA for bridges on a project level basis has often been limited to the non-routine design of major bridges where the life-cycle cost model is customized.
LCCA has historically been deterministic. The deterministic analysis uses discrete values for inputs and is fairly simple and easy to do. It does not give any indication of risk, i.e. the probability that the input values used in the analysis and the resulting life-cycle cost will actually occur.
Probabilistic analysis accounts for uncertainty and variability in input variables. It requires more effort than a deterministic analysis because probability distribution functions are required, random sampling is used, and a large number of iterations of the life-cycle cost calculations are carried out. The data needed is often not available.
The significance of this study lies in its identification of the parameters that had the most influence on life-cycle costs of concrete bridge and how those parameters interacted. The parameters are: (1) Time to construct the new bridge; (2) traffic volume under bridge (when applicable); (3) value of time for cars; and (4) delay time under the bridge during new bridge construction (when applicable). Using these parameters the analyst can now “simulate” a probabilistic analysis by using the deterministic approach and reducing the number of iterations. This study also extended the use of LCCA to bridge rehabilitations and to bridges with low traffic volumes. A large number of bridges in the United States have low traffic volumes. For the highway bridge considered in the parametric study, rehabilitation using FRP had a lower life-cycle cost when compared to the new bridge alternative.
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Davis, G. Michael. "Exploring the Effects of Ex-Prisoner Reentry on Structural Factors in Disorganized Communities: Implications for Leadership Practice." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1415706403.
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Alarcon, Ramirez Stephany Guadalupe, and Pereyra Luis Enrique Delgado. "Propuesta de utilización de barras de Polímeros Reforzados con Fibras de Vidrio (PRFV), mediante la técnica Inhibir-Reparar-Fortalecer (IRF) para rehabilitación estructural en vigas y losas de concreto armado con refuerzo corroído." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656761.
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La presente investigación se basa en el estudio de las barras de polímero reforzado con fibra de vidrio (PRFV) como propuesta de rehabilitación frente a agentes corrosivos en vigas y losas de concreto armado. Para esto se seleccionó un caso de estudio real, vivienda de tres niveles, ubicada en el distrito de Chorrillos, el cual presentaba una corrosión de 50% en el área nominal del acero de refuerzo. Asimismo, se utilizó como técnica de rehabilitación la denominada Inhibir-Reparar-Fortalecer (IRF) que se basa en la reestructuración de los componentes del elemento estructural; en otras palabras, es un proceso de restauración que parte de la eliminación total tanto del acero positivo corroído como del concreto afectado hasta la restauración del elemento estructural. Para realizar lo anteriormente mencionado, se distribuyó el trabajo en los siguientes puntos: un modelamiento de la estructura en ETABS, obtención de momentos últimos, diseño de la cantidad de barras de PRFV y explicación del procedimiento de rehabilitación total para ambos elementos estructurales.The following investigation is based on the study of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars as a proposal for rehabilitation against corrosive agents in reinforced concrete beams and slabs. To accomplished this, a real case study was selected, a three-level housing, located in the district of Chorrillos, which had a 50% corrosion in the nominal area of the reinforcing steel. Likewise, a technique called Inhibiting-Repairing-Strengthening (IRS) was used, this technique is based on the restructuring of the components of the structural element; in other words, it is a restoration process that starts from the total elimination of the corroded positive steel and the affected concrete. To carry out the aforementioned, the work was distributed in the following points: a structure modeling in ETABS, factored moment at section, design of the number of GFRP bars and a total rehabilitation procedure for both structural elements.
Tesis
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Neely, William Douglas. "Evaluation of the In-Servic Performance of the Tom's Creek Bridge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33249.
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The Tom's Creek Bridge is a small-scale demonstration project involving the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite girders as the main load carrying members. The project is intended to serve two purposes. First, by calculating bridge design parameters such as the dynamic load allowance, transverse wheel load distribution and deflections under service loading, the Tom's Creek Bridge will aid in modifying current AASHTO bridge design standards for use with FRP composite materials. Second, by evaluating the FRP girders after being exposed to service conditions, the project will begin to answer questions about the long-term performance of these advanced composite material beams when used in bridge design.
This thesis details the In-Service analysis of the Tom's Creek Bridge. Five load tests, at six month intervals, were conducted on the bridge. Using mid-span strain and deflection data gathered from the FRP composite girders during these tests the above mentioned bridge design parameters have been determined. The Tom's Creek Bridge was determined to have a dynamic load allowance, IM, of 0.90, a transverse wheel load distribution factor, g, of 0.101 and a maximum deflection of L/488.
Two bridge girders were removed from the Tom's Creek Bridge after fifteen months of service loading. These FRP composite girders were tested at the Structures and Materials Research Laboratory at Virginia Tech for stiffness and ultimate strength and compared to pre-service values for the same beams. This analysis indicates that after fifteen months of service, the FRP composite girders have not lost a significant amount of either stiffness or ultimate strength.Master of Science
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Lin, Zin-Rong. "Developing a model of quality of life for people with coronary heart disease." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12309.
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Quality of life (QOL) is an extremely important concept in the promotion of appropriate and successful health care programmes. However, there is a need for conceptual clarity to unravel the complexities of terminology in different medical conditions and the underlying factors that have a direct influence on the quality of life for people with coronary heart disease. The primary objective of this thesis is to propose a theoretical model which specifies the domains of QOL and the interrelationships among these domains. The objectives of the study are four-fold: (1) To examine whether a cardiac rehabilitation programme has a beneficial effect on cardiac heart disease patients; (2) To evaluate the primary components of generic health-related quality of life assessment tools for people with coronary heart disease; (3) To identify the main factors governing disease-specific health-related quality of life assessment tools amongst patients with coronary heart disease; (4) To examine a variety of conceptual models of QOL and to determine their relevance to cardiac patients. First, in order to provide conceptual clarity, a comprehensive review of QOL measures was undertaken. Second, data was collected on a cardiac rehabilitation programme in a county hospital using Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Quality of Life for Myocardial Infarction (QLMI) instruments. This data was analysed using a number of techniques including (l)meta-analysis; (2)discriminant analysis; (3)factor analysis and (4)structural equation modelling. Analysing the data in this way enabled the development and clarification of the specific domains of the quality of life model. Meta-analysis involved pooling the results of several studies, these were then analysed to provide a systematic, quantitative review of the data. The results found that the related studies did not have consistent outcomes to support the positive effects of a cardiac exercise rehabilitation programme on quality of life in coronary patients. Findings from the SF-36 indicate that older people with coronary heart disease gain more pain relief than their younger counterparts. After a cardiac exercise rehabilitation progranune, statistically significant improvements occurred in physical function, social function, role limitation/physical, energy/vitality, body pain, and change in health-related dimensions of quality of life. The first-order five domains model includes the symptom domain, the restriction domain, the confidence domain, the self-esteem domain and the emotion domain. This model represents an appropriate model of quality of life for people with coronary heart disease compared to the three-domain model and the four-domain model. In terms of the second-order QOL model, the five-domain model also has an adequate fit to the data. According to the result of structural equation modelling, three models, including the null model, the alternative model I and the alternative model n, did not fit the data perfectly. However, the construct of full latent variable model gradually increased the fit statistics from the null model to the alternative model I and from the null model to alternative model n. Therefore, it can be concluded that the paths and indicators of the three models need to be further adjusted in order to provide a more appropriate model. Nevertheless, this is a first trial to examine a full model of quality of life for people with coronary heart disease using the structural equation analyses. As such, this study provides a new approach to examining the difference between empirical studies and theoretical approaches.
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Zouharová, Kateřina. "Průzkum a hodnocení stavu dřevěné konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240220.
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The thesis is focused on the assessment of two wooden roof structures of the building, which is located in Brno on the street Rumiště 8. Parts of the work are also theoretical knowledge of roof structures, building technical survey and diagnostic methods. Rating roof truss was based on a survey of sensory and instrumental methods. In the first step were measured dimensions of roof truss members and were determined roof structures. In the next section was researched damage of elements and his causes. Rehabilitation solution was established for each type of damage to the components resist any attack as long as possible. This report had been prepared for the property owner who plans complete reconstruction.
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Tomanová, Jana. "Komplexní diagnostika objektu rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372167.
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This master´s thesis deals with the issue of the building from a clay. It is focused on defects and rehabilitations of these constructions. The introductory parts concerns with probable defects especially of clay buildings, furthermore with causes of the creation of defects, its depictions and the relevance. In the following part the methods of rehabilitation not only of clay buildings are presented. In this part the rehabilitative methods of foundation, vertical and wood constructions, which create mainly the structural support of the buildings, are described. In the second part, the structural and technical research of the current structure with farm part – barn is executed. The part of research is creation of the drawing documentation, description of disposition and structural and constructional solution of building, structural calculation of a part of construction, assessment of actual state of structure and prospective plan of proceeding and rehabilitation.
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Krapf, Carlyn Nicole. "Stress relaxation of stainless steel rods for bridge pier cap shear strengthening." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33859.
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This thesis examines the stress relaxation phenomenon that may occur in stainless steel rods that are used as part of an all-stainless steel externally post-tensioned rod system for strengthening reinforced concrete pier caps in shear. An overview of the stress relaxation phenomenon and its modeling is presented. Previous work on stress relaxation of stainless steel is reviewed and used to select an appropriate stress relaxation model to analyze the stress relaxation data obtained from experiments performed during this research. An experimental program utilizing six specimens of Type 304/304L stainless steel stainless steel rods similar to those likely to be candidates for pier cap rehabilitation is presented, and the data are analyzed using the model identified from the review. This model reasonably captures the behavior of the resulting stress relaxation with time, and calculates stress values that are fairly close to those obtained experimentally. Using this model to predict long-term stress losses in a service environment, guidelines for design and installation of the post-tensioned stainless steel rods are proposed.
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Rowan, Andrew George. "Repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete harbour structures." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5004.
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Includes bibliographical references.Damage to reinforced concrete infrastructure due to chloride-induced corrosion is widespread throughout the marine environment in South Africa. This thesis is an investigation into four current concrete repair contracts at harbours in the Western Cape. The works are critiqued in terms of repair philosophy and methodology, and recommendations are made for improving practice. A literature review is presented, outlining the relevant background to the chlorideinduced corrosion of reinforcing steel, specifically in the marine environment. Damage assessment tools and techniques are also presented, and the different repair options that are most common in practice are discussed. The contract documentation for the four contracts is reviewed, and it is highlighted that while the bulk of the project specification is identical, the major differences in the documentation from the four contracts are in the quality and level of detail of the construction drawings. The individual repair methods chosen for various concrete elements are described in detail and commented on in terms of concrete durability. Forensic testing results in the forms of chloride profiling and corrosion inhibitor testing at two locations are presented.
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De, Rose David. "The rehabilitation of a concrete structure using fibre reinforced plastics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29388.pdf.
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Ayala, Karen M. "Hacienda La Monserrate : a historic structure report and rehabilitation recommendations." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902473.
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For almost 450 years the island of Puerto Rico has had an agricultural economy based on the cultivation and production of sugar. Sugar plantations became small communities within towns with distinctive structures and buildings. When large scale commercial sugar production ceased, plantation houses were abandoned and have deteriorated to the point of collapse. A small number of plantation houses are still standing in defiance of progress and their own deterioration.Plantation houses represent part of Puerto Rico's economic and social history and deserve to be preserved. As a result of their architectural significance and uncertain future, plantation houses throughout the Island, should be documented.The focus of this Creative Project is the documentation of the main house in La Monserrate sugar plantation and present recommendations for its rehabilitation and adaptive reuse. This plantation house is located in Manati, a town along the north coast of Puerto Rico. The document will cover a variety of subjects all related with the history of the development of the sugar industry and its influence in Puerto Rico's architecture. The document includes both, a comprehensive analysis of the house and preliminary recommendations for its future adaptive reuse.It is the author's hope that this document will increase public awareness about the importance of preserving this particular building as well as some of the cultural and economic advantages of historic preservation. The community needs to understand and appreciate their built heritage and restoring and rehabilitating the main house in Hacienda La Monserrate can be the first step to achieve it.Department of Architecture
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Pereira, ?lcio da Costa. "A contribui??o de t?cnicas modernas de reabilita??o estrutural para autenticidade e integridade de edifica??es patrimoniais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12436.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-28This work discusses the study of the application of structural reinforcement and rehabilitation using modern techniques for interventions in repair works of historical buildings as well as the verification of the behavior of works that have already undergone different structural intervention techniques, with the objective of obtaining data to allow a comparative analysis of the advantages/disadvantages of techniques adapted in each case, regarding the interferences related the authenticity and integrity of the buildings belong to the constructed patrimony so as to obtain a basis for the theoretical foundation for choosing the best solution to be adopted in the case study which consists in an intervention of structural rehabilitation of the old historic building in the primary school "Augusto Severo"
O trabalho versa sobre o estudo da aplica??o de m?todos de refor?o e reabilita??o estrutural mediante a utiliza??o de t?cnicas modernas para interven??es em obras do patrim?nio hist?rico edificado, bem como a verifica??o atrav?s de estudos de refer?ncia, do comportamento de obras j? submetidas a diferentes t?cnicas de interven??es estruturais, com a finalidade de obter subs?dios para permitir uma an?lise comparativa entre as vantagens/desvantagens de t?cnicas adotadas caso a caso, no tocante ?s interfer?ncias relacionadas com a autenticidade e integridade das edifica??es integrantes do patrim?nio constru?do, destacando os elementos relevantes para a fundamenta??o te?rica visando a escolha da melhor solu??o a ser adotada nos casos estudados aplicados na interven??o restaurativa de reabilita??o estrutural no pr?dio hist?rico do antigo Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo
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Cromie, James Alexander. "Modelling the electrochemical rehabilitation of chloride contaminated reinforced concrete bridge structures." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342317.
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Arquez, Ana Paula. "Aplicação de laminado de polímero reforçado com fibras de carbono (PRFC) inserido em substrato de microconcreto com fibras de aço para reforço à flexão de vigas de concreto armado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-29062010-114146/.
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O reforço de elementos estruturais de concreto armado com uso de polímeros reforçados com fibras de carbono (PRFC) está cada vez mais conhecido, seguro e acessível. Em todo o mundo, a aplicação do PRFC vem sendo estudada sob diversas técnicas. Características como elevada resistência à tração e à corrosão, baixo peso, facilidade e rapidez de aplicação são os principais fatores para essa disseminação. Em particular, a técnica aqui estudada é conhecida como Near Surface Mounted (NSM), que consiste na inserção de laminados de PRFC em entalhes realizados no concreto de cobrimento de elementos de concreto armado. Com dupla área de aderência, ela vem a suprir uma deficiência comum no reforço colado externamente, que é o seu destacamento prematuro. Como nas demais técnicas de reforço à flexão, o material é colado na região do concreto tracionado. Sabe-se que, na prática da intervenção, essa região frequentemente encontra-se danificada por razões diversas, como fissuração causada por ações externas, corrosão da armadura e deterioração do concreto, o que exige a sua prévia reparação. Considerando que a boa qualidade desse reparo é imprescindível à eficiência do reforço, propõe-se uma inovação técnica pela reconstituição da face tracionada da viga com um compósito cimentício de alto desempenho, que sirva como substrato para aplicação do PRFC e elemento de transferência de esforços à estrutura a ser reforçada. Produzido à base de cimento Portland, fibras e microfibras de aço, o compósito tem também potencial para retardar a abertura de fissuras e aumentar a rigidez da viga, melhorando o aproveitamento do reforço. Com apoio da mecânica do fraturamento, foi possível encontrar as taxas de fibras e microfibras de aço a serem adicionadas a uma matriz cimentícia especialmente desenvolvida. Foram realizados ensaios de aderência para estudar o processo de transferência de tensões cisalhantes do laminado para o compósito na zona de ancoragem da viga. Uma vez conhecido o comportamento do sistema, foram ensaiadas vigas de concreto armado de tamanho representativo de estruturas reais, em três diferentes versões de ancoragem do laminado, sendo duas delas com uso do compósito cimentício. Comprovou-se a eficiência da inovação proposta, constatando-se o aumento da rigidez e da capacidade de carga da viga reforçada, com excelente aproveitamento do laminado. Além disso, as fibras e microfibras diminuíram a abertura das fissuras em estágios mais avançados de carregamento, sem que se observasse fissuras horizontais próxima ao reforço, que poderiam indicar destacamento iminente do laminado de PRFC.Strengthening of reinforced concrete elements with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is increasingly well known, safe and accessible. The application of CFRP has been studied worldwide using various techniques. Features like high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, lightweightness and easy and speedy application are the main factors for dissemination. In particular, the technique here analyzed is known as Near Surface Mounted (NSM), which involves inserting CFRP strips into grooves made on the concrete cover of reinforced concrete elements. With double bonding area, this technique avoids the premature peeling-off that usually takes place in externally bonded CFRP reinforcement. As in others flexural strengthening techniques, the material is bonded in the concrete tension region. It is known in strengthening practice that this region usually requires prior repair. Often it shows up damaged by several reasons such as cracking caused by external actions, reinforcement corrosion and deterioration of the concrete. Whereas the good quality of this repair is essential to strengthening efficiency, an innovative technique is proposed. A high-performance cementitious composite is used as a transition layer for insertion of CFRP strips. The composite is made of Portland cement, steel fibers and microfibers of steel. It also has the potential to delay crack opening and to increase the beam stiffness. Based on fracture mechanics, it was possible to find suitable volume fractions of steel fibers and microfibers to be added to the cementitious matrix. Bonding tests were performed to analyze the shear stress transferring from the CFRP laminate to the beam anchorage zone. Once known the system behavior, real size reinforced concrete beams were tested in three different versions of the anchorage conditions, two of them with use of cementitious composites. The efficiency of the proposed innovation was proved by confirming increased stiffness and load capacity of the strengthened beam. In addition, fibers and microfibers allowed the decrease of the crack opening in later loading steps. No horizontal cracks near to the reinforcement were noticed, which means that CFRP laminate peeling-off was not likely to occur.
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Jin, Sung-Jun. "Reliability-based characterization of prefabricated FRP composites for rehabilitation of concrete structures." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1454175.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 1, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-193).
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Ravesloot, Todd M. "Redeemer Presbyterian Church, Indianapolis, Indiana : a rehabilitation plan." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1292987.
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The structure now owned by Redeemer Presbyterian Church in Indianapolis, IN was built in 1903 at 16th and Delaware Streets by a very prominent congregation, the First Presbyterian Church. Since its construction, the building has been subject to a rehabilitation that destroyed many historic features of the building, followed by abandonment that led to its overall deterioration. For the past four years the building has been occupied once again following a partial rehabilitation.This study found that the building was historically intact on the exterior, but problems such as the deterioration of the limestone were threatening the overall integrity of the structure. The interior, which had been subject to many alterations as part of a 1958 renovation, was fully functional and in good condition but was missing many historic features.This study makes recommendations for repairs on the exterior and an interior rehabilitation that restores some missing historic features, and promotes the retention and stewardship of the existing historic features within the building.Department of Architecture
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Sabo, Carl William. "The impact of state-federal agency structure on service delivery and outcomes for individuals with visual impairments." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1126741654.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 178 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-169). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Heimbach, Laurie Jo Rankin. "A drug rehabilitation center for women with children." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53376.
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The design of a drug rehabilitation center for women with children incorporated the treatment theories of therapeutic communities. At the time this center was designed, only two facilities of this type were in use specifically for women. The Washington metropolitan area was in need of such a treatment program for women.
Three architectural concepts were studied which were appropriate for this type of facility: threshold, community and natural light. Threshold became a symbol for change. The development of a small community within was the unifying concept for this project. Natural light was developed as an important element which is a healing medicine for the psychological and mental health of a person.
Society needs to deal with the problem of drugs and the hold they take on people. It is no longer responsible for us to turn our heads from this affliction. Facilities such as the one developed in this thesis will help mothers overcome their addictions, while obtaining some family cohesion. The children that are able to participate with their mothers will hopefully avoid the same mistakes their own mothers made. One day they may grow up to become responsible, contributing parents and citizens.Master of Architecture
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Bailyn, Sarah Justine. "The original 'duality of structure' : rehabilitating meanings-based social theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621739.
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Barkley, Tammy Lynn. "Burnout and lack of agency structure : a study of the clubhouse model of psychosocial rehabilitation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ55113.pdf.
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