Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structural restorations

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Structural restorations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Structural restorations"

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Tetschke, Florian, Jonas Golde, Julia Walther, Lars Kirsten, Edmund Koch, Christian Hannig, Claudia Rüger, Hartmut Schneider, and Rainer Haak. "Visualization of interfacial adhesive defects at dental restorations with spectral domain and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0134.

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AbstractRestoration loss based on interfacial adhesive defects and associated caries at the restoration margin are the main causes for invasive replacement of dental restorations. Assessment of the interfacial quality based on clinical inspection and radiographic examination is often difficult and not reliable. In this work, we present spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) for the evaluation of tooth-composite bond failure. Imaging of two composite restorations at the occlusal surface are presented using intensity-based images obtained by SDOCT and PSOCT based degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU). Both modalities revealed several defects beneath the surface such as inhomogeneous adhesive layers, marginal gaps and bubbles. In addition, DOPU representation showed an inhomogeneous structure within the composite material. OCT based imaging of dental restorations could add a valuable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of structural defects in clinical practice. The representation of polarization characteristics with the DOPU algorithm provides further information on the homogeneity of the restoration.
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Bittar, Daniela Gonçalves, Christiana Murakami, Daniela Hesse, José Carlos Pettorossi Imparato, and Fausto Medeiros Mendes. "Efficacy of Two Methods for Restorative Materials’ Removal in Primary Teeth." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 5 (2011): 372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1062.

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ABSTRACT Aim This in vitro study aimed to compare the time required for removal, the presence of residues of restorative material, tooth structure loss and dental surface morphology after removal of composite resin and amalgam restorations from occlusal cavities in primary molars using conventional high-speed bur and CVDentus® ultrasonic diamond tips. Materials and methods A total of 37 primary molars were allocated into four groups: Group 1 (n=9)—amalgam restorations removed using high-speed bur; Group 2 (n=10)—amalgam restorations removed using ultrasonic tip; Group 3 (n=8)— composite resin restorations removed using high-speed bur; Group 4 (n=10)—composite resin restorations removed using ultrasonic tip. After being restored, teeth were sectioned and analyzed through stereoscopic microscope images before and after restoration removal. The structural loss was analyzed by software of image analysis, and an examiner assessed for the presence of residues. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology. Time and structural loss values were compared using ANOVA, and the percentages of samples with residues using Fisher test. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the tooth structure loss among different methods and restorative materials, as well as in the presence of residues of restorative material. However, diamond burs were faster than the ultrasonic method for both materials. Differences in dental morphology were observed between the methods of restoration removal, but not related to the restorative material. Conclusion Both conventional high-speed bur and ultrasonic diamond tip methods remove similar amounts of tooth structure, but the removal performed with diamond tips in ultrasonic devices is slower. Clinical significance This study shows that both ultrasonic and conventional high-speed bur methods for removing restorations generate similar loss of sound dental tissue, but the former is slower. How to cite this article Bittar DG, Murakami C, Hesse D, Imparato JCP, Mendes FM. Efficacy of Two Methods for Restorative Materials’ Removal in Primary Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5):372-378.
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da Silva Bertolini, Marília, Laurenn Borges de Macedo, Diego Henrique de Almeida, Felipe Hideyoshi Icimoto, and Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr. "Restoration of Structural Timber Elements Using Epoxy Resin: Analysis of Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.582.

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Brazil cultural heritage is composed by numerous constructions that describe the various historical periods lived by country. Constructions arent in good conservation status, showing systematically some deterioration level of their structural elements, among them those of wood. Restoration process aims to preserve the identity of original cultural heritage. It is essential maintain structural characteristics related to mechanical loads response which are closely dependent on wood properties avoiding possible structural shocks. Wood deterioration can be characterized by fungi decay or termite attack. Depending on level and position of the deteriorated area in structural set, local interventions are enough to maintain structural integrity. Polymeric resins are material options that can be used when removed these deteriorated regions, requiring compatibility with wood to maintain structural elements properties. This paper aims use of a technical for restoring structural timber from historic buildings, based on removal of decayed regions and filling them with epoxy resin. To analyze restoration effectiveness, properties in static bending, according to Brazilian standard, were determined. Samples were produced containing one and three restorations along the specimens (105 cm in length and nominal square cross section of 4.5 cm side), on the same side. Samples of Pinus taeda with gaps generated in the specimens with dimensions of 1.10 cm in depth and 8 cm in length were tested, with restorations placed in central region. For grafting of these gaps bicomponent epoxy resin was employed, prepared by mixing components in 1:1.5 proportions. Resin was injected into splices and its cure occurred in a seven days period, using methodology restoration to simulate a situation in which these structural elements have been used. Samples were requested in static bending to obtaining the product of inertia, analyzing the amendment under the aspect of tractioned and as well under compressed edge. It is observed the viability of restoration using filling epoxy resin in timber samples, considering the mechanical performance and practicality of the methodology for local keeping.
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Lingrey, Steven, and Oskar Vidal-Royo. "Evaluating the quality of bed length and area balance in 2D structural restorations." Interpretation 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): SAA133—SAA160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0126.1.

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The use of structural restorations as a tool to investigate structural evolution, fault and horizon relationships, and validity of interpretation has been widespread for more than four decades. The first efforts relied on hand-drafted bed-length measurements of commonly constant thickness stratigraphic units and were typically applied to fold-and-thrust belt settings. The advent of computer-assisted section construction and restoration software allowed for the assessment of more complicated structural interpretations by applying several new methods for forward and inverse strain transformation. Although quicker and more accurate than hand-drafted, the results of computer-aided structural modeling still need to be interrogated. We have reviewed the different strain transformation (restoration) methods available and their implications for bed length and area conservation: (1) fundamental simple shear and its two basic modes (flexural slip and inclined shear inversions), (2) fault-related folding techniques, and (3) the effects of mechanical stratigraphy and compaction. The assessment of the restoration methods was illustrated by examining two examples: the Mount Crandell Duplex Structure in southern Alberta and the Virgin River Extensional Basin in the southeast of Nevada. For both examples, we developed tables listing and confirming the deformed/restored state line lengths and areas. We believe that such tables should be provided for any strain transformation exercise, along with the restoration results as parameters for quality control, to prevent over- and underestimations that deviate more than 5% from the initial interpretation.
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Shah, Deepa N. "The Biomimetic Restorative Approach." Dental Update 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2021.48.1.13.

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Significant changes in prosthodontic considerations, with a movement away from traditional restorations and an emphasis on preservation of tooth structure, have led to the development of the concept of biomimetics in restorative dentistry. The idea of being able to design restorations, which are able to restore accurately the biomechanical, structural and aesthetic integrity of the biomechanically weakened tooth, has been embraced and adopted by clinicians globally. By combining key prosthodontic principles relating to occlusal design and the control of forces on teeth and restorations, together with minimally invasive adhesive dentistry, we are able to predictably restore the function and aesthetics of damaged dentitions without the need for aggressive tooth structure removal. Advances in dental materials science allowing minimal preparations and restorations that are strong and durable in thin section, as well as advances in adhesive dentistry have meant that the biomimetic restoration of teeth is no longer a novel concept, but something that we should all be applying as conservative and restorative dentists. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper describes the rationale and clinical protocols involved in the application of biomimetic restorative dentistry.
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Zolkafli, Umi Kalsum, Zahiriah Yahya, Norhanim Zakaria, Farid Wajdi Akashah, and Azlan Shah Ali. "Restoration of historical timber building: a Malaysian case study." Structural Survey 33, no. 4/5 (November 9, 2015): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-01-2015-0004.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the most influential buildings elements in term of the cost for timber restoration works. Design/methodology/approach – The research employed the case studies methods with questionnaires surveys. Two case studies were chosen and questionnaire surveys were distributed to contractors and consultation companies. The cost was identified based on the elemental cost analysis of historic timber buildings. Findings – The restoration of historic timber buildings in Malaysia has grown rapidly, especially in the UNESCO world heritage sites, Melaka and Penang. Data obtained on the restorations of timber buildings show that the most influential elements were upper floors, roofs and walls. Termites’ invasions and the lack of building analysis were found to be the major issue in timber restoration works. In addition, the availability of timber material contributed significantly to the increase of cost for restoration works. Originality/value – The cost for every element was identified and was used as a reference for new restorations projects of historical, timber buildings. This paper also highlighted the causes for the problems and the factors affecting the cost of timber restoration works. These data are useful information, especially for surveyors and contractors who are involved in the restoration of historic timber buildings. Maintaining or replacing these elements with other material can help to minimise the restoration cost of timber buildings in Malaysia.
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Haralur, Satheesh B., Ghaseb Ahmed AL Ghaseb, Norah Ali Alqahtani, and Bader Alqahtani. "Comparison of microleakage between different restorative materials to restore marginal gap at crown margin." PeerJ 9 (February 25, 2021): e10823. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10823.

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Background An occurrence of secondary caries around the indirect restoration margin is reported to remain a leading cause of failures. Objective This study aimed to test the interfacial microleakage of conventional glass-ionomer (CGI), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and Nano-hybrid composite (CR) restorations at a full veneer margin crown. Methods Ninety human extracted molar teeth were divided into three groups (n = 30). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups (n = 10) according to the extent of the structural defects; The structural defect in G1 had a depth of 1.5 mm, width and length at 2 mm and 1 mm intrusion within the crown cervical margin. The corresponding structural defect dimension values for G2 were 2, 5, 4 and 2 mm with defects extending onto the root structure. Meanwhile, G3: structural deficiency of 2 mm depth, 3 mm width and 3 mm length and with 1.5 mm extension into the prepared teeth. These structural defects in each subgroup were restored with CGI, RMGI and CR. Artificial carious lesion formation was induced at the cervical finish line with a demineralizing solution. The artificial carious lesions were restored as per the group distribution. Subsequently, teeth samples were prepared and cemented with Nickel-chromium full coverage restorations utilizing glass-ionomer luting cement. Teeth samples were thermocycled, isolated with nail varnish, and immersed in 0.1% methylene blue for 24 h. The teeth samples were sectioned longitudinally, dye penetration was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results CGI-G1 recorded the highest micro-leakage score at 1.450; while CR-G3 recorded the least score (0.350). At a cementum-restoration interface, CR-G1 (0.850) documented the lowest micro-leakage; RMGI-G3 had a greater value at 1.700. Conclusions The hybrid CR could be effectively used to restore the restoration of a marginal gap around crown margins.
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Georgiev, Kostadin G., Ivan A. Filipov, and Iliyan N. Dobrev. "In Vivo Collection and SEM Identification of Oral Biofilm Using Indirect Composite Prototype Restorations. Clinical and Laboratory Study." Folia Medica 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2017-0092.

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Abstract Background: The oral ecosystem is a dynamic environment inhabited by more than 700 microbial taxa. Recent studies report that multispecies oral biofilms develop on the surface of resin composites leading to degradation of its organic matrix and altered structural stability of the restoration. Aim: To examine the efficacy of a novel clinical approach to investigating in vivo formed biofilms on resin composite surfaces. Materials and methods: The clinical protocol of this study implemented indirect composite molar restorations (from resin material Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) as intraoral biofilm carriers (test devices). We recruited for the experiment 5 consenting adult subjects with indications for indirect molar restoration. For each subject we fabricated 4 indirect restorations, 3 of which dedicated to different intraoral duration – 3, 7, and 14 days. All composite carriers were fixed temporarily for the intended time period and consecutively replaced. The detached carriers were prepared for microscope analysis at each time interval. The fourth composite carrier was used as the definitive restoration. Results: The timeline of the biofilm formation and the microbial morphology were associated with previous studies of in vivo bacterial colonisation. A correlation between the plaque formation cycle and the DMFt indices of the subjects was established. Conclusions: The implementation of indirect composite restorations as intraoral biofilm carrier offers valuable contribution to the real time investigation of in vivo biofilm accumulation.
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Bel-Anzué, Pedro, Antonio Almagro, María Paz Sáez Pérez, and Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro. "Influence of the calcination process in traditional gypsum with structural behavior." Ge-conservacion 11 (June 30, 2017): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37558/gec.v11i0.456.

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Gypsum is used as a finishing material with a principal aesthetical purpose. It is assumed that this binder has a poor structural behavior. However, it is also found as a structural material in many ancient constructions. In Spain there are several examples of architectural heritage with structures, floors and façades made of pure gypsum. In the studied area (Teruel), traditional gypsum represents the main material used in its architectural heritage. Nowadays, commercial gypsum is being used in restorations, but the different behavior between current and traditional gypsum results in non-compatible restorations. Here, we analyze the traditional gypsum calcination process by building two traditional ovens, assisted by locals masons, and we study how the differences in the calcination procedure can generate different gypsum products, which can be used either as a finishing material or as a structural material with a high mechanical resistance.
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MacDonald, Justin, Guillaume Backé, Rosalind King, and Richard Hillis. "The Hammerhead Delta—deepwater fold-thrust belt, Bight Basin, Australia: 2D kinematic and geomechanical reconstructions." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10119.

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The Hammerhead Delta—deepwater fold-thrust belt is located in the Ceduna Sub-basin of the Bight Basin, offshore southern Australia. It is a short lived gravity gliding system, Late Santonian-Maastrichtian in age. It exhibits a distinctive spoon shape in cross-section and detaches on a master horizon above Santonian marine shales of the Tiger Supersequence. Here, we have interpreted a large seismic dataset—including the recently acquired regional two-dimensional seismic dataset provided by Ion Geophysical—to constrain the regional structural geometry of the Hammerhead Delta—deepwater fold-thrust belt. Two structural restorations were completed to quantify the amount of extension and shortening in the system. These restorations were: a two-dimensional kinematic restoration, using 2D MOVE; and a two-dimensional geomechanical restoration, using Dynel 2D. By comparing results from the two techniques we demonstrate that the amount of observed extension in the delta top is nearly balanced by the shortening in the delta toe. The near balance (< 2 % excess extension) of the system is a unique result. Other passive margin systems demonstrate larger amounts of extension compared to shortening, due to the regional-scale pro-gradational nature of the systems. These results suggest that the balanced geometry of the Hammerhead Delta—deepwater fold-thrust belt is consistent with either a sudden decrease in sediment supply during the upper Maastrichtian, resulting in a cessation of prograding fault activity, or a loss of extension to the underlying Cenomanian growth faults or some combination thereof. Thus, the system failed to develop into an extensive passive margin delta—deepwater fold-thrust belt.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structural restorations"

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Sirovica, Slobodan. "Using structural correlations to inform the development of longer lasting dental restorations." Thesis, Aston University, 2017. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/33427/.

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Photo-initiated dimethacrylate polymers are of great biomedical importance, in orthopaedics and particularly in dentistry where they are used as a matrix to form resin-based-composite (RBC) filling materials. However, the physiochemical properties of these materials are highly sensitive to photo-polymerisation variables, particularly the polymerisation rate, and as a consequence clinical performance is not ideal. Despite extensive mechanical and Infra-red spectroscopic characterisation of the cross-linked polymer resin matrix, the impact of polymerisation rate on the resultant structure is unknown. Using novel synchrotron FTIR, X-ray and neutron scattering techniques, this study aimed to investigate the effect that polymerisation rate has on the polymer structure, at atomic to micron length scales, of experimental RBCs based on common dimethacrylate resins. Kinetic X-ray scattering measurements demonstrated that polymerisation generates chain segment extension and changes in short range order within the structures of the constituent resin monomers. Accelerating polymerisation confers greater chain extension and reduced short range order, which at extremely fast polymerisation rates may store residual strains within the system. Neutron scattering confirmed that this relationship between polymerisation rate and structure occurs at longer length scales within the polymer, specifically at cross-linking distances. Synchrotron FTIR micro-spectroscopy showed that the introduction of filler particles into a resin matrix produced local heterogeneity with respect to the degree of monomer-polymer conversion and chemical aromatic bond strain. At nearest neighbour distances, heterogeneity is believed to originate from a lower converted and reduced bond strain boundary layer surrounding each filler particle, whilst light attenuation and likely, relative monomer mobility effects dominate at longer length scales within the resin matrix This study demonstrates that advanced synchrotron and neutron based characterisation techniques, seldom used in the field of dental materials research, can provide new insight into how the polymerisation rate may impact on the structure of the polymer matrix components of dental RBCs.
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Albertao, Gilberto. "Control of the submarine palaeotopography on the turbidite system architecture : an approach combining structural restorations and sedimentary process-based numerical modeling, applied to a Brazilian offshore case study." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14064/document.

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La dynamique des courants de turbidité est fortement contrôlée par la morphologie du fond marin. Les turbidites issues de ces courants constituent des réservoirs d’hydrocarbures très importants dans les bassins sédimentaires à travers le monde. L'objectif principal de ce travail est de comprendre comment le paleorelief a contrôlé la géométrie et l'architecture des réservoirs turbiditiques, en utilisant comme zone d'étude les réservoirs du Crétacé d'un champ pétrolier du bassin de Campos (offshore du Brésil), où la tectonique a été en partie dominée par l'halocinèse. La méthodologie utilisée dans cette thèse a couplé deux approches. La première a inclus à la fois la description des séquences sédimentaires, à partir de données de sismique-réflexion et de puits, et les restaurations structurales. Six horizons régionaux et quatre unités-réservoirs ont été identifiés et cartographiés afin de construire un modèle géologique multi-2D. Ces surfaces ont ensuite été aussi restaurées. Les résultats de cette étape suggèrent que les failles liées à l'halocinèse ont contraint la paléotopographie pour le dépôt des réservoirs plus anciens et que des structures tectoniques et un canyon ont formés les contraintes paléotopographiques pour la distribution des réservoirs plus jeunes. La seconde approche a été l'analyse du rôle des paramètres des écoulements en effectuant des simulations numériques du type stratigraphique (Dionisos) et des automates cellulaires (CATS). Une surface restaurée, considérée comme référence pour le dépôt des unités-réservoirs a été utilisée comme paléotopographie pour les simulations CATS. Le modèle numérique a été contraint par les données réservoirs. Cette utilisation inédite des simulations 3D avec des automates cellulaires dans une étude de cas réel concernant des dépôts marins anciens a produit des résultats réalistes par rapport aux exemples modernes connus. Elle a également fourni des résultats plus exploitables à l'échelle de réservoir que les modèles numériques de type "stratigraphique". Ce travail met en évidence l'importance des interactions tectonique-sédimentation et de la paléotopographie pour la distribution de réservoirs turbiditiques
The dynamic of gravity-driven turbidity currents is strongly influenced by the morphology of the seafloor. The resulting turbidites constitute important hydrocarbon reservoirs in sedimentary basins throughout the world. The main objective of the present work is thus to understand the way the paleorelief controls turbidite reservoir architectures, with application in a specific study area with Cretaceous reservoirs in Campos Basin (Brazilian offshore). The tectonics in this Basin was partly controlled by halokinesis. The first approach was describing the local Cretaceous sedimentary sequence architecture, from seismic and well data, and performing structural restorations. Six regional horizons and four reservoir-scale units were identified and mapped in order to build a multi-2D geological model. Structural restorations highlighted the structural evolution and allowed the related horizon palaeotopography to be obtained. The results of this work step suggest that the halokinesis-related listric faults regulated the distribution of the basal reservoirs. Moreover, at the top of the Albian carbonates, a canyon was identified, which, in association with the tectonic structures, forms the palaeotopographic constraints for the upper reservoir geometry. The second approach was analyzing the role of flow controlling parameters by performing stratigraphic (Dionisos) and cellular automata-based (CATS) numerical simulations. The latter provided a more appropriate reservoir scale-simulation process than Dionisos. A restored surface, considered as reference for the deposition of the reservoir units, was used as the palaeotopography for CATS simulations, having as constraints the reservoir data. This pioneer use of cellular automata simulations in a real subsurface case study produced coherent results when compared with the actual reservoir distribution. This work sheds light on the importance of tectonic-sedimentation interactions and of palaeotopography for the distribution of turbidite reservoirs
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Scott, Drew Austin. "RECOVERY OF WHOLE SOIL CONDITIONS THROUGH RESTORATION FROM AGRICULTURE AND ITS ROLE IN MEDIATING PLANT-PLANT COMPETITION." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1826.

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The tallgrass prairie has been severely reduced in size, making restoration important to maintain communities and functions of this ecosystem. A chronosequence approach was used to determine recovery of physical and biological soil properties. The recovery models of soil properties provided information to explain the variation in total C stock of the whole soil. Recovery models also provided information to design a competition experiment based on variation in whole soil conditions with land use history. The filter framework hypothesis is a useful concept for examining tallgrass prairie restoration; the theory states only a subset of species in the region will be able to establish in a specific location due to abiotic and biotic filters. With this theory in mind, I explored the influence of whole soil conditions as affected by land use history (cultivation/restoration) and how these conditions altered plant-plant competition dynamics of a dominant grass was studied. Belowground plant biomass recovers with cessation of tillage and restoration back to prairie, providing an organic matter source for microbial populations to recover and soil macroaggregates to form. This has potential to increase C sequestration in soils and decrease nitrous oxide efflux from soils. Intact 5.5 cm dia cores were collected to a depth of 10 cm in each field to determine physical and biological soil properties. Belowground plant, microbial community, and soil structure properties were modeled to recover coinciding with an increase in total C stock of the whole soil. Structural equation modeling revealed that soil structure physically protecting organic matter explained the most variation in soil carbon sequestration with restoration. Most of the total C was contained within the macroaggregate size fraction; within this fraction most of that C is within the microaggregates within macroaggregates fraction. Soil structure is critical for recovery of soil carbon stocks and the microaggregate within macroaggregate fraction is the best diagnostic of sequestered C. ANCOVA results indicate that while the slopes of nitrous oxide efflux rates did not differ, cumulative efflux differed, though this was not related to time since restoration. Dominant grasses, such as Andropogon gerardii, can exclude subordinate species from grassland restorations. Thus, understanding changes in competition dynamics of dominant grasses could help maintain richness in grassland restorations. There may be changes in competition dynamics with whole soil conditions affected by land use history (cultivation/restoration) as plant available nutrients will decrease, microbial populations will increase, and soil structure will improve with restoration from cultivation to prairie. Using 4 soil treatments of varying land use history with four species treatments, to determine if effects are general or species specific, pairwise substitution competition experiments were conducted. Relative A. gerardii response to competition was compared among soil and species treatments using competition intensity and competition importance indices utilizing final plant biomass, relative growth rate based on maximum height, and net absolute tiller appearance rate. The experiment was conducted over 18 weeks, allowing A. gerardii to flower. A significant intensity result and significant importance results utilizing biomass measurements indicated that the 16 year restored prairie soil cause A. gerardii to be a relatively better competitor against forbs than in all other soils except for cultivated soil, likely due to positive plant-soil feedbacks. Significant importance results utilizing tiller appearance rate indicated that the cultivated and 3 year restored prairie soil caused A. gerardii to be a relatively better competitor than in the 16 year restored and never cultivated native prairie soils, likely due to changes in whole soil conditions related to land use history. There were only general soil effects, as soil treatments did not interact with species treatments. A. gerardii was a relatively better competitor against non-leguminous forbs, indicating that legumes are a better competitor for a limiting nutrient than A. gerardii or that this species is not in direct competition with legumes.
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Bhuiyan, A. B. M. Faruquzzaman. "Instream bank protection and river restoration structures." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246951.

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Clark, Nicholas William. "Three-dimensional structural restoration of extensional fault displacements using elastic dislocation theory." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366486.

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Sajjad, Noman. "Structural restoration of Mesozoic rifting phases in the northern North Sea." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23650.

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Structural restoration has been carried out on the northern North Sea (60-62ºN), based on the reprocessed, interpreted and depth converted seismic lines NSDP84-1 and 2. Two major rifting events have previously been recognized in the area during the Mesozoic: the Permo-Triassic and Jurassic extension phases. Different structures were formed or, in some cases, the same structures were reactivated during the Permo-Triassic and Jurassic rifting phases. Permo-Triassic rifting affected a 125 km wide area from the Oygarden Fault Zone in the east to the Hutton Fault alignment in the west.. By measuring the length of the profiles before and after faulting, the restorations show that the stretching factors for upper crustal stretching during the Permo-Triassic rifting are 1.11 (11%) for NSDP84-1 and 1.10 (10%) for NSDP84-2 respectively. The Jurassic rifting was confined to a narrower zone mainly in the Viking Graben with the major faults formed on the western side of the graben. Low angle faults are identified in the western flank of Viking Graben in the Tampen Spur area. Low angle supra-basement detachments formed in the late Jurassic are found in Gullfaks area, beneath the Gullfaks Sør block and SE of the Visund fault block. Intra-basement detachments are also found in Tampen Spur area. These detachments are formed by normal faults which flatten in the basement. From the restorations, the stretching factor for the Jurassic rifting is calculated to be 1.12 (12%) for NSDP84-1 and 1.19 (19%) for NSDP84-2. The total extensions for the two rifting phases combined are 1.24 (24%) and for NSDP84-1 and 1.30 (30%) for NSDP84-2. Stretching factors (&#946;) can also be measured by crustal thickness changes, stretching is measured before and after rifting for different area (Horda Platform, Shetland Platform, Viking Graben, and Tampen Spur), and &#946;mean calculate for the Permo-Triassicxrifting phase are calculated 1.25 and 1.16 for NSDP84-1 and 2 respectively. For the Jurassic rifting &#946;mean is calculated as 1.16 for NSDP84-1 and 1.17 for NSDP84-2. These values are similar to previous published results using the same methods in the Northern North Sea and represent the minimum amounts of upper crustal extension on large seismically resolved faults.
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Holland, Michele M. "Quality Control Recommendations for Structural Interventions on Historic Properties." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31544.

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This thesis presents recommendations for controlling quality in structural interventions on historic properties. Recognizing that establishing quality in the early stages of an intervention can set the standard of quality for an entire project, these recommendations are for the first phase of an intervention, the Pre-Construction Phase. To create these recommendations, first a literature review of past and present intervention methods is conducted. After breaking down the Pre-Construction Phase first into a series of steps, and then each step into a series of details, a standard of quality is established for each detail. The available methods for conducting each detail are then analyzed. Using the literature review and the established standards of quality, recommendations are made as to which method is most appropriate for a given project. These recommendations are applied to two case studies, the structural interventions of Boykinâ s Tavern and Fallingwater. Finally, conclusions on the use of the proposed quality control recommendations are drawn, and suggestions are given for further work in this field.
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Heckman, John Richard. "Restoration of Degraded Land: A comparison of Structural and Functional Measurements of Recovery." Diss., Connect to this title online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-1416152839711171/.

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York, Audrey K. "Indiana farm structure preservation." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314227.

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Agriculture has played and continues to play a vital role in the livelihood of Indiana; therefore, farm structures are present in nearly every section of the state. However, with advances in technology and commercial and residential development, historic farm structures are quickly being lost to demolition and neglect. Although Indiana is known as a leader in historic preservation, historic farm structures of the state do not receive the attention that they deserve from preservationists. This thesis serves to inform preservationists of the importance of Indiana's historic farm structures and to present suggestions on ways that the current programs and activities could be improved. This is accomplished by discussing the history and current state of farming in Indiana, by examining farm structure preservation organizations in Indiana and across the nation, and by presenting farmland preservation and the documentation of rural historic districts as two alternative tools to protect historic farm structures.
Department of Architecture
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Hickman, Elizabeth L. "Improving Design Guidance for In-Stream Structures Used in Stream Restoration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88534.

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Vane-type in-stream structures and step pool storm conveyance (SPSC) are more ecologically friendly alternatives to traditional stream channel stabilization and stormwater conveyance techniques. Vane-type structures have been widely accepted as elements of stream restoration projects and are regularly implemented in streams throughout the United States. However, these structures commonly experience partial or total failures of function or stability, often due either to improper installation or misapplication. This study undertook a thorough review of the available design guidance for the single-arm vane, j-hook vane, cross vane, and w-weir, which revealed that the existing guidance is composed of non-standardized recommendations largely based on practitioner experience and rules of thumb. Existing guidance was synthesized with current structure research and practitioner surveys to create factsheets for each of the four structures and the SPSC, with the intent of improving structure application and offering concise general guidance. This study also endeavored to improve the design of the SPSC by determining the most accurate of several common prediction methods for Manning's roughness coefficient n, used in SPSC design velocity calculations. This was done by using Rhodamine WT dye tracer experiments to determine n values during storm flows in two SPSC structures in Annapolis, MD, which were then compared to predicted n values. Values of Manning's n determined in the SPSCs at low flows (0.28-12) often exceeded the predicted n values (-0.17-3.9) by several orders of magnitude. Though the applicability of these results is limited, an increase in design n to 0.1-0.2 is still recommended.
Master of Science
Vane-type in-stream structures are stone or wood structures installed within a stream channel for purposes such as streambank stabilization or aquatic habitat creation. Step pool storm conveyance (SPSC) is a technique which converts an existing steep stream or gully into a step-pool channel. Both of these techniques are more ecologically friendly than many traditional stream channel stabilization or stormwater conveyance techniques such as riprap or concrete storm drains. Vane-type structures in particular have been widely accepted as elements of stream restoration projects and are regularly implemented in streams throughout the United States. However, these structures commonly experience partial or total failures, either through structural collapse or failure to function properly. This is often either because they were improperly installed or because they were installed at a stream site where they were inappropriate or unnecessary. A review of the available guidance for the design of these structures revealed that the existing guidance is composed of non-standardized and sometimes contradictory recommendations which are largely based on designer trial and error and rules of thumb, rather than on the results of scientific experiments or modeling. The goal of this study was to improve the success of vane-type in-stream structures and the SPSC by providing factsheets offering clear and concise general design guidelines and sound recommendations for structure application. Flow studies of two SPSC structures in Annapolis, MD were also conducted to improve the design of that structure by measuring its flow characteristics in the field.
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Books on the topic "Structural restorations"

1

Sobottke, Blanche. Restoration. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of General Administration, 2002.

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Tamm, Jaan. Restorations in old Tallinn. Tallinn: Perioodika, 1985.

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Croci, Georgio. The conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage. Southampton: Computational Mechanics Publications, 1998.

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Croci, Giorgio. The conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage. Southampton, UK: Computational Mechanics Publications, 1998.

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Mount, Graham J., W. R. Hume, Mark S. Wolff, and Hien Ngo. Preservation and restoration of tooth structure. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

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Structural design in building conservation. Abingdon, Oxon: Spon Press, 2012.

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Murthy, K. Lakshmana. Structural conservation of monuments in South India. Delhi: Bharatiya Kala Prakashan, 1997.

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Robert, Bowles, ed. Structural aspects of building conservation. 2nd ed. Boston: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004.

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Structural aspects of building conservation. London: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

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IABSE Symposium (1993 Rome, Italy). Structural preservation of the architectural heritage: Report. Zürich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structural restorations"

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Caldas, G. A. R., J. Belinha, and R. M. Natal Jorge. "Predicting in-silico structural response of dental restorations using meshless methods." In Biodental Engineering V, 183–88. London, UK; Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429265297-37.

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Groshong, Richard H. "Restoration and Validation." In 3-D Structural Geology, 299–318. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03912-0_8.

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Groshong, Richard H. "Structural Validation, Restoration, and Prediction." In 3-D Structural Geology, 305–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31055-6_11.

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Gibney, John. "Restoration Ireland: Structural Problems and Structural Prejudice." In Ireland and the Popish Plot, 5–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230594791_2.

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Yazdi, M. Hassan Ghassemian. "A robust structural fingerprint restoration." In Image Analysis and Processing, 544–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63508-4_166.

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Dimitrakopoulou, Alexandra, and Richard N. Villar. "Ligamentum Teres: Anatomy, Structure and Function." In Hip Joint Restoration, 53–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0694-5_6.

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Németh, Csaba. "Dionysian Elements, Structures, and Limits. Thomas Gallus, Interpreter and Spiritual Author." In Victorine Restoration, 269–95. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.cursor-eb.5.122090.

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Erdman, Jori A., Elizabeth A. Williams, Christopher W. James, and Giovanni P. Coakley. "Raising Buildings: The Resilience of Elevated Structures." In Mississippi Delta Restoration, 143–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65663-2_10.

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Baumann, Charles A., Betina B. Hinckel, Chantelle C. Bozynski, and Jack Farr. "Articular Cartilage: Structure and Restoration." In Joint Preservation of the Knee, 3–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01491-9_1.

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Drdácký, M. F. "Wood Products in Structures and Society — A Task for an Interdisciplinary Scientific Approach." In Restoration of Forests, 239–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5548-9_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structural restorations"

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Couegnat, Guillaume, Siu L. Fok, Jonathan E. Cooper, and Alison J. E. Qualtrough. "Structural Optimization of Dental Restorations Using the Principle of Adaptive Growth." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58069.

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Fracture of restored teeth is a problem in restorative dentistry since it has been estimated that 92 percent of fractured teeth have been previously restored. In a restored tooth, the stresses that occur at the tooth-restoration interface during loading could become large enough to fracture the tooth and/or restoration. The tooth preparation process for a dental restoration is therefore a classical optimization problem: tooth reduction must be minimized to preserve tooth tissue whilst stress levels must be kept low to avoid fracture of the restored tooth. The objective of the present study was to propose alternative optimized designs for a second upper premolar cavity preparation by means of structural shape optimization based on the finite element method and biological adaptive growth. Restored tooth models using the optimized cavity shapes exhibited significant reduction of stresses along the tooth-restoration interface. In the best case, the maximum stress value was reduced by more than 50 percent.
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Columbu, Stefano, Gian Matteo F. Picchizzolu, and Antonio Cazzani. "The construction materials and static-structural aspects of the Budello tower (Teulada, southwest Sardinia, Italy)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11549.

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The Budello tower is located on a slight promontory from which it dominates the entire bay of Teulada and the towers of Sant’Isidoro, Pixinni, Malfatano and Porto Scudo. The tower, built in 1601 with irregular ashlars of local stones (mainly of magmatic-intrusive origin), has a truncated cone shape, an external diameter of 10,2 m and a height of 11,80 m. Inside it consists of a single room, with a domed vault and a central pillar, equipped with a embrasure, a fireplace, a trap door in the cistern, and a staircase, from which the square of arms was accessed. It was a torre de armas garrisoned by: 1 commander (in 1603), 1 artilleryman and 4 soldiers (1767), 1 artilleryman and 3 soldiers (1801), 1 artilleryman and 4 soldiers (1812). Although it underwent several restorations, documented as early as the years 1617-1619, the tower remained generally in good condition until the period 1763-1784, in which new restoration works were carried out including the closure of the parade ground with a classic parapet with gunboats and battlements. Other restoration works are carried out in 1808, 1819 and 1840. The tower remained in operation until 1843. Like all the other coastal fortifications, it was then definitively demilitarized with the Regio Decreto of 25 April 1867. Specific objectives of the research are the petrographic and physical-mechanical analysis of the stones and ancient mortars used in the construction of the tower, the structural analysis of the building and related geometric-constructive characteristics. The final intention is to understand the decay processes taking place on the tower both in terms of materials and static-structural aspects, and to envisage possible restoration interventions to be implemented aimed at its conservation.
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Herraiz, Borja, Henar Martin-Sanz, and Nadja Wolfisberg. "Restoration of a historic reinforced concrete structure with Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2500.

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<p>The historic building "Du Pont" in Zurich, Switzerland, was constructed between 1912 and 1913 by the Swiss architects Haller &amp; Schindler and it is listed as a cultural heritage object, including not only the Art Deco façade, but also the ground-breaking structure of reinforced concrete. The building includes several structural particularities, such as the slender, reinforced concrete, one-way ribbed slabs, a reinforced concrete truss structure in the roof hanging four floors and three transfer beams on the ground floor diverting the loads from the seven upper floors. This paper presents a detailed description of the different strengthening measures required to allow a more flexible use of the existing floors with larger live and dead loads, and to fulfil the current provisions of the Swiss Standards (SIA). The main objective of the proposed restoration and strengthening measures is to minimize the interventions as much as possible and preserve the original structural system. Of particular interest is the innovative solution adopted for the existing ribbed slabs. The required increase of resistance is obtained through a thin 40 mm overlay of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) above the carefully prepared existing slab. Due to the significance of the building and the particular characteristics of the existing concrete, experimental tests were conducted. Four specimens of the ribbed slabs were extracted from the building, strengthened on site with UHPFRC and transported to the structural laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETHZ), where the tests were conducted. The excellent results confirmed the suitability of the proposed strengthening solution through UHPFRC, setting a milestone for future restorations of these particular structures.</p>
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AlKawai, W., K. Mesiling, and T. Mukerji. "Integrating Structural Restorations into Basin and Petroleum System Modeling: A Study from the Gulf of Mexico." In 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900707.

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Baratin, Laura, Alessandra Cattaneo, and Elvio Moretti. "Porta Valbona a Urbino: la sua rappresentazione tra storia e restauro." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11401.

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Porta Valbona in Urbino: its representation between history and restorationThe Porta Valbona study is part of a complex project of conservation and valorisation of the defensive walls of Urbino that the research group, of the School of Conservation and Restoration of the University of Urbino Carlo Bo, has developed in recent years. Built in 1621 it is the most important gate of the city both because it is connected to Via Mazzini, one of the main streets of the historic centre, and for its spectacular architectural appearance created for the wedding of Prince Federico Ubaldo della Rovere with Princess Claudia de Medici. The two eagles, in limestone, placed at the sides of the door, date back to the mid-eighteenth century and are the work of the Rimini architect Giovan Francesco Buonamici. It is also the only Gate of Urbino which has a monumental facing facing outwards, or towards Piazza del Mercatale. Despite having undergone several restorations and consolidations over the centuries, it has not been modified in its original appearance. Porta Valbona, together with the city walls, represents a real urban palimpsest, an exceptional case of sedimentation and stratification which, despite the events, still allows us to reconstruct its historical events. The applied design method was based on the following analyzes: a) urban analysis: knowledge of the characteristics and urban potential of the door; b) historical analysis: knowledge of the historical evolution and of the specific qualities of the door; c) geometric analysis: metric and architectural survey; d) material analysis, study of materials and forms of deterioration; e) structural analysis: identification of the morphological and constructive organization from the structural point of view. All the large amount of information obtained from the analysis was managed thanks to the use of GIS systems. Thus it was possible to identify the shape and character of the monument and its testimonial, constructive and architectural values ​​were recognized. On the basis of an internal analysis of the cultural asset and an external analysis of the context in which it is located, it was possible to define the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
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Millar, Robert G., and Stéphane G. D'Aoust. "Ballast Requirements for LWD Habitat Structures." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 1998. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40382(1998)24.

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Tentoma, Nefeli, Andreas Georgopoulos, and Gracia Tucci. "COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE 3D REPRESENTATIONS OF THE HOLY AEDICULE OF THE TOMB OF CHRIST." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12153.

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The significance of preservation of cultural heritage is undeniable, which is why both their geometric documentation and the creation of their digital “twins”, i.e. reconstructions and replicas at any scale, are essential procedures. A special category of cultural heritage is sacred sites which combine historical, spiritual and religious values. The most sacred monument of Christianity is the Holy Aedicule covering the Tomb of Christ in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. This paper aims to investigate and compare the various three-dimensional representations of the Holy Aedicule of the Tomb of Christ, which exist both in physical and in digital form. Initially, the main structural phases of the Aedicule are presented, including its destructions and restorations. Moreover, the different categories of the three-dimensional representations of the monument are defined. With reference to the replicas, both the reasons of their construction and their list in the form of a dataset table are presented. More specifically, in the context of this research, the three-dimensional representations of the Aedicule are divided into two major categories: the replicas constructed worldwide and the geometric documentations of the monument's condition through the years. Regarding the replicas, a list of the discovered representations is created and this database is visualized and depicted in an online web map along with essential information with the use of an open-source Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on this visualization an online web map has been created. Furthermore, the previous geometric documentations and surveys of the Holy Aedicule of the Tomb of Christ are presented. A comparison is conducted between the 3D models of the Aedicule, which were created by the University of Florence in 2007-8 and the National Technical University of Athens in 2015-17. The impact of the Holy Aedicule across the world is examined through statistics based on the type, date of construction and location of the replicas. The possible deformations of the monument's structure are detected from the assessment of the results from both the processing and the comparison of the 3D models. In conclusion, future works are suggested focusing on the discovery of the total number of replicas worldwide and the monitoring of the condition of the Aedicule. Cultural
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McKay, David T. "Objective Condition Assessment for Inland Navigation Structures." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 1998. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40382(1998)152.

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Yerubandi, Jaya, and O. S. Ali Ahmed. "Restoration of Coker Structures." In Structures Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481332.045.

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Kaufman, Rachel L., and Peggy A. Johnson. "Adaptive Improvements to Design Guidelines for Stream Restoration Structures." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40581(2001)39.

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Reports on the topic "Structural restorations"

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Palanker, Daniel V. Restoration of the Retinal Structure and Function after Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621299.

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Palanker, Daniel V. Restoration of the Retinal Structure and Function after Injury. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621369.

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Gonzalez, Victor, Fabian Garcia-Moreno, Jeffrey Melby, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, and Elizabeth Godsey. Alabama Barrier Island Restoration Assessment life-cycle structure response modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/36236.

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Lorier, T., and C. Langton. REVIEW OF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS THAT HAVE SUPPORTED DOE-EM MISSIONS: WASTE TREATMENT, CONDITIONING, CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES, TANK CLOSURES, FACILITY DECOMMISSIONING, ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION, AND STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1527156.

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Author, Not Given. White Oak Creek Embayment time-critical CERCLA removal action sediment-retention structure. Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10184962.

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Tirrul, R. Geology and Structural Restoration of the East-Central Part of Asiak Thrust-Fold Belt, Wopmay Orogen, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/183827.

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.
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Structural analysis of underground gunite storage tanks. Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/206479.

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Hanford Site Environmental Restoration Program 1994 fiscal year work plan. Work breakdown structure 2.0: Revision 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117450.

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