Academic literature on the topic 'Structuralism (Literary analysis)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Structuralism (Literary analysis)"

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Restaneo, Pietro. "Semiotics and dialectics: Notes on the paper “Literary criticism must be scientific” by Juri Lotman." Sign Systems Studies 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2022.50.4.02.

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The present paper is an introduction to and analysis of the article “Literary criticism must be scientific”, presented here for the first time in English translation. The original was published by Lotman in 1967 in the journal Voprosy Literatury. The article by Lotman is a part of a wider debate, started in 1963, that saw structuralists and their opponents dispute the validity and heuristic value of structuralist methodology in literary criticism. The aim of the introduction is to explore Lotman’s engagements with his intellectual context as they emerge in his 1967 article. The first part of the paper discusses the wider context of the debate, and explores the positions of the opponents of structuralism and the ways in which Lotman relates to them. The second part of the paper analyses how Lotman and his structuralist colleagues related to the official Soviet ideology, the diamat. In both cases, it will be seen how Lotman engaged certain aspects of his opponents’ ideas, as well as the official ideology, in order to further his goal of reconciling structuralism and historicism.
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Foucault, Michel. "Structuralism and Literary Analysis." Critical Inquiry 45, no. 2 (January 2019): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/700991.

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Kuchina, S. A. "Electronic Literary Text in the Framework of Post-Structuralism Textology." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-3-821-829.

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The article features the phenomenon of electronic literary text. The research objective was to identify the structural and semantic features of electronic literary texts within the framework of post-structuralism. The electronic literary text resulted not only from the development of information technology: it is also the product of the development of philosophical and linguistics ideas of post-structuralism. The post-structuralism perspective was not repeated exactly on the technological level of the electronic text representation. However, the post-structuralist text theory was reflected in the electronic literary text structure, i.e. its rhizomatic, decentered, fragmentary, intertextual, and simulation character. In particular, the attempt to build cohesion of semiotically diverse components in the electronic environment reflects the post-structuralists idea of chaos and disorganization. The attempt to provide the navigation in this multi-component unity by the key-word hyperlinks reflects the idea of the total interconnectivity of all structural components, i.e. intertextuality. The phenomenon of intertextuality defines the culmination of decenterment and nomadism in the text theory. It is connected with the rhizomatic concept and hypertextuality. The research used electronic literary texts based on Adobe Flash and HTML. The research employed general scientific methods, such as monitoring and description, in conjunction with the method of comparative linguistic analysis. The author concludes that the text perception and electronic virtual world immersion become much more important than the artifacts in the electronic literature of XXI century. The electronic literary text became the poststructuralist concept of the new esthetic object, lost its integrity and composition stability, and opened itself to external input.
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Dr. Ghulam Murtaza, Qasim Shafiq, and Dr. Asim Aqeel. "A Structuralist Analysis of Wordsworth’s Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood." sjesr 3, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss3-2020(58-64).

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Romantic imagination is against any fixation of form and rules and regulations but any creative attempt, however anti-rule it may be, must have some underlying principles governing its structure. This article explores Wordsworth's Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood from a structuralist perspective. Structuralism with its roots in Ferdinand de Saussure’s structural view of language sees cultural phenomena and literary endeavors as structured based on the underlying rules governing the writing of the creative work. This article joins two contradictory ideas: Romantic poetry which glorifies the author's subjectivity and structuralism which beliefs in the death of the author. However, this article analyzes the ode from a structuralist perspective and principles of criticism: parallels and echoes, reflections and repetitions, contrasts, and patterns of language and imagery. It also studies the Ode's relationship with the tradition of the genre and its differences from and similarities to other odes.
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Michelson, Annette. "Art and the Structuralist Perspective." October 169 (August 2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00357.

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Introducing Structuralism and theories of Claude Lévi-Strauss to American audiences in a 1970 lecture at the Guggenheim Museum, Annette Michelson stresses the importance of the linguistic mode for structuralist analysis and examines the nature and limits of its consequences for art and aesthetics. Structuralist anthropology, the author argues, is fundamentally rationalist in approach, proposing an intelligibility of the universe through the organization of differences into overarching schema; it is the relationship between signs, rather than the nature of the individual signs themselves, that determines meaning. Michelson concludes that while such a method may seem applicable to contemporary art, the radically rational stance of Structuralism inhibits our understanding of it. Rather than serving a semantic function, one that could be elucidated through structural analysis, art informs us of the nature of consciousness itself.
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Manshur, Fadlil Munawwar. "KAJIAN TEORI FORMALISME DAN STRUKTURALISME." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.43888.

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From the perspective of formalism theory, this study aims to reveal that a research on literary texts does not only pay attention to textual facts existing in literary works, but also needs to pay attention to what exists outside the text. In the literary works, the element of defamiliarization holds that literary language is able to express facts of stories using unfamiliar languages. From the perspective of structuralism theory, this study aims to reveal that structuralism is conceptually a continuation of formalism which largely depends on language. Structuralism theory has a close relationship with linguistics, especially in analyzing the functions of the language used. The analysis of language function can help understanding language semiotics that views literature as a sign that then led to literary semiotics. Therefore, functioning to examine a phenomenon, the concept of semiotic structuralism emerged as a social fact. Critical approach was deemed suitable to be used in this study because formalism theory and structuralism theory are part of a social construction and part of a discursive formation in the formation of subject and reality. As a result, it could be seen the position of formalism theory and structuralism theory in literary research of which raw material is language. The findings in this study are that the formalism theory in its development is dynamic and its language construction stimulates readers to respond. In principle, literary work is not autonomous because it contains author’s feelings and society’s mind. Literary research should exceed the boundaries of formalism and be able to create new vocabularies in writing novels. In the novel, there is intertextual polyvalence, which is a series and intensive dialogic linkages that are capable of giving birth to new novels. Another finding is that structuralism theory has a close relationship with linguistics, for example phonological elements in linguistics which can help literary theory in analyzing sound levels in oral literary works. This theory has also developed a study of poetry to the aesthetic level so that this study has shifted from its original aspects of verbal art only to all art and artistic aesthetics in the present time. This shift distinguishes the views between formalism and structuralism in relation to norms and values inherent in language.
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Sukarto, Kasno Atmo. "PENDEKATAN STRUKTURALISME DALAM PENELITIANN SASTRA, BAHASA, DAN BUDAYA." Pujangga 3, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v3i2.441.

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<p><em>Structuralism approach can be applied in language, literary and culture research. The research aims at describing Structuralism approach in language, literary and culture research. Structuralism is generally a doctrine or method that considers its object is not just the only one a collection of separate elements, but rather as a combination of elements that are related to one another, so that one depends on the other. Research method of </em><em>this research is analysis descriptive. </em><em>In this research, the researcher found description of structuralism relates with intrinsic literary object, language structure associated with form, category, function and role. Intrinsic culture associated with its local wisdom of society covered attitude, value, state of mind and how to work.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>
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Amin, Rebaz Mohammad, Hawkar Qadir Rasul, and Kwestan Ali Hamakarim. "Reading of Latif Halmats poem(Gorany) according to the method of structural criticism." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 6, no. 4, 2 (July 31, 2023): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.6.4.2.23.

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Structuralism is a conceptual and methodological approach to describing and analyzing literature texts. This approach sees the text as separate entity that should be treated independently. In literature, (the author, the text, the reader) focuses on the text. Ferdinand de Saussure, a Swiss linguist, semiotician, and philosopher propounded the structuralism theory also known as structuralism. This approach focuses on the literary text, the text is the center for the analysis. It ignores the author's life and environment, i.e. in analyzing the structures of literary text, Structuralism is general theory of culture and methodology that implies that elements of human culture must be understood by the way of their relationship to a broader system. This makes it different from approaches like psychoanalysis and historical-biographical approach that focuses on the psychology the biography of the writer, the environment, and the social environment, structuralism only cares about the text and uses textual elements to understand meaning. From the perspective of Structuralism this paper tries to analyze Latif Halmat’e poem (Gorani). Dualism is a concept of structuralism, and this paper concludes that Latif Halmats poem is based on dualism. The aim of this research is to further clarify the way in which the Structuralism method is applied to poetry in order to further clarify the authority of this method over analyzing poetic texts.
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Tumbahang, Mohan Kumar. "Postmodernism and Post Structuralism: A Literary Dichotomy." Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal 11, no. 1 (August 17, 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v11i1.39153.

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This article entitled 'Postmodern and Post Structuralism: A Literary Dichotomy' has fairly attempted to compare and contrast between the most discussed and comprehensive notions of postmodernism and post structuralism in a possible precise form. In addition, the study focuses on dichotomies of these trends against their respective pre-forms, 'modernism' and 'structuralism' as well. Their tendencies in literary creation and theory have been briefly discussed. The study method it has availed is essentially the qualitative research design which is concerned with establishing answers to 'why' and 'how' of the study in question. The writing is based on the views on the foreign writers, scholars and critics in different published materials or the online resources. The views forwarded by the aforementioned personalities have been duly considered and cited in both types of citations-direct as well as paraphrased versions. This study has followed the comparison and contrast as its theory. After the discussion or analysis, the findings have been deducted that these two terms are confusing especially for the beginners because there are certain similarities as well as dissimilarities between them in specific cases. The study is expected to be helpful for both the teacher and students of literature especially in the field pedagogy or the individuals who are not directly related to pedagogical issue.
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Naomi Pardede, Yolanda, and Syahrul Ramadhan. "DYNAMIC STRUCTURALISM IN THE NOVEL A STUDY IN SCARLET THE WORKS OF SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE (A STUDY OF LITERARY CRITICISM)." Matapena: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36815/matapena.v6i02.3043.

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Literary works are all types of compositions created based on human imagination or imagination and using language as the medium. A good literary work is a literary work that can present a social reality based on heuristic experience and can inspire its audience. A novel is a form of work that contains characters, a series of structured events and can be used as a life experience and provide education to its readers. There are many ways to analyze or study a novel, one of which is dynamic structuralism. This research examines the novel A Study in Scarlet by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle using a dynamic structuralism approach and descriptive qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques used by researchers are observation, reading and note-taking techniques. The data analysis techniques carried out by researchers include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Keywords: dynamic structuralism
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structuralism (Literary analysis)"

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Brinzea, Mihail. "The universality of chiastic structure and the Gospel of John." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.

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DeCoste, Damon Marcel. "Crisis and dissent : literary agency in philosophy and fiction." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42013.

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This dissertation analyzes post-structuralist theses concerning the literary work's potential for political critique and impact. By placing contemporary claims as to the inevitably oppressive or ineffectual character of the literary work next to the texts and reception of novels by John Dos Passos, James T. Farrell and Richard Wright, I examine whether such claims can account for the political achievements of actual literary works. Locating in Dos Passos's U.S.A., Farrell's Studs Lonigan and Wright's Native Son instances of an effective oppositional literature, I argue against the post-structuralist position and for a reconsideration of the Sartrean assertion of the "negative," and thus potentially critical and oppositional, agency of writers and readers, and thus, too, of the literary work. In using a particular case study as a corrective both for recent theory and for the excesses of Sartre's own arguments for "committed" writing, "Crisis and Dissent" contributes both to on-going critiques of post-structuralism and to recent re-evaluations of Sartre's own literary theory.
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Wong, Siu-lung Marcus, and 黃少龍. "Different perspectives on the decentredness of the human subject in novels by Carol Shields and Toni Morrison." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952458.

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Du, Plessis W. I. "Die diskoers van kerst en andere liefdesverhalen deur Kristien Hemmerechts." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002185.

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Die doel van hierdie studie was om aan te toon hoe 'n linguistiese beskouing van 'n literere teks kan meehelp om tot gefundeerde insigte in 'n teks te kom en om langs hierdie weg die beskuldiging dat literatuurstudie grotendeels 'n 'anything-goes-dissipline' is, te omseil. Om hierdie rede is daar van die standpunt uitgegaan dat kennis oor die presiese aard van die tekslinguistiek kan meehelp in die toepassing daarvan. Dit dien as motivering vir die uitgebreide diachroniese situering van die tekslinguistiek van die eerste hoofstuk. Hier word geredeneer dat die tekslinguistiek iets soos 'n pseudo-literatuurteorie is wat kan meehelp in die lees en interpretasie van en kommentaar oor 'n literere teks. Daar is grotendeels gefokus op die literere benaderings wat die ontwikkeling van die tekslinguistiek voorafgegaan en be'invloed het. Daar was drie hoofstrominge t.o.v. tekstuele benadering, nl. (i) tekssentriese (outonomistiese), (ii) linguistiese (taalsentriese), en (iii) lesersentriese benaderings. Die vemaamste tekssentriese (outonomistiese) benaderings is die Russiese Formalisme, New Criticism en Stilistiek op taalkundige grondslag. In die bespreking van hierdie benaderings is dit tel kens in verband gebring met die bestaande teorie oor die tekslinguistiek ten einde die diachroniese aard van die ontwikkelingsgang daarvan, te karteer. Die vernaan1ste eksponente van die linguistiese (taalsentriese) benaderings is die Strukteralisme, Poststrukturalisme en die Semiotiek. Daar is in hierdie afdeling duidelik aangestip hoe die standaarde van tekstualiteit (De Beaugrande en Dressler, 1981), en spesifiek die standaard kohesie, terug te vind is in hierdie benadering tot teksstudie. Die Resepsie-estetika en Referensiele benadering is bespreek as eksponente van die sg. lesersentriese benadering. Die doel hiervan was om aan te dui hoe intertekstualiteit, kontekstualiteit en informatiwiteit as standaarde van tekstualiteit, in hierdie benadering terug te vind is. Met die diachroniese situering in gedagte, is daar in die tweede deel van Hoofstuk Een oorgegaan tot 'n sinchroniese karakterisering van wat die tekslinguistiek behels. In hierdie hoofstuk is daar voortgegaan met die beredenering dat die term diskoerslinguisliek • n meer akkurate benaming is vir 'n dissipline wat meer as net ' teks' in ag neem. Diskoers kan beskou word as 'n reeks taaluitinge wat 'n taalhandeling vorm. Hoewel diskoerslinguisliek die term tekslinguistiek in hierdie studie vervang, is daar duidelik aangetoon dat dit nie die doel het om aardskuddend veranderend te wees nie. Die werkswyse wat in hierdie studie gevolg is, is steeds die van die tekslinguistiek. Om hierdie rede is hierdie gedeelte van die studie grootliks teoreties, dit bespreek die interdissiplinere aard van tekslinguistiekldiskoerslinguistiek, definieer dit, en identifiseer die studieveld van 'teks'. Hierdie identifisering (sintaktiese eenheid, semantiese eenheid en pragmatiese eenheid) funksioneer breedweg as die hoofuiteensetting van hierdie studie. Tog word daar in hierdie studie aangetoon dat daar verskil word van die De Beaugrande en Dressler-aanname dat daar sewe standaarde van tekstualiteit bestaan, en word dit hier gereduseer tot twee superstandaarde, nl. kohesie en koherensie. Koherensie beskik oor sg. 'voorwilardes', nl. intensionaliteit, aanvaarbaarheid, informatiwiteit, kontekstualiteit en intertekstualiteit. Op hierdie wyse word die meganistiese indeling van die oorspronklike sewe standaarde oorkom. In Hoofstuk Twee word die teorie rondom die superstandaard kohesie toegepas op die Nederlandse teks deur Kristien Hemmerechts, Kerst en andere liefdesverhalen. Hierdie hoofstuk het die implisiete doel om aan te toon hoe 'n suiwer strukturalistiese ondersoek na 'n tekstuele gegewe kan meehelp in die identifisering van bepaalde linguistiese patrone wat, indien gesitueer in 'n pragmatiese milieu, bepaalde betekeniswaarde verkry. Verskeie aspekte rondom die konsep 'kohesie' word hier bespreek, o.a. 'n by trek van sg. storiegrammatika van die liefdesverhaal en sprokie ten einde bepaalde taalpatrone te identifiser wat pragmatiese betekenislading het. Hierbenewens word daar suiwer struktureel met die teks omgegaan met 'n identifisering van bepaalde patrone in die adjektief-aanwending, die gebruik van saakname, verwysing, polisemie, sinonimie, teenoorgesteldheid, antonimie, komplementeerbaarheid, ruimtelike opposisie en hiponimie. 'Hierbenewens word kohesiewe-bindingspatronesoos ellips, semantiese rolle en sg. tematiese kontinuHeit bespreek. Die daaropvolgende hoofstuk is 'n bye en bring van die ge"identi±iseerde talige patrone van Hoofstuk Twee en 'n situering daarvan in 'n pragmatiese raamwerk. Koherensie is die somtotaal van eenheid en betekenis soos wat dit in diskoers ervaar word. Dit het betrekking op dit wat bydra dat 'n teks vir taalgebruikers sin maak en samehang vertoon. Aangesien koherensie grootliks steun op die pragmatiek, is die fokus van hierdie afdeling van die studie grootliks pragmaties en word daar aangedui hoe die bestaan van bepaalde koordinate, 'n beginsel van samewerking en 'n spraakhandelingsteorie kan bydra tot gefundeerde insigte in die onderhawige teks.
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Wolfe, John Edward Hibbs Thomas S. "Transcending the garden the role of the sign of the garden in Augustine's Confessions /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5215.

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Wong, Siu-lung Marcus. "Different perspectives on the decentredness of the human subject in novels by Carol Shields and Toni Morrison." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161343.

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Ramey, Peter A. "Studies in oral tradition history and prospects for the future /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5003.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 1, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Thomas, Paul Brian Ebersole Gary L. "Sizing things up gigantism in ancient Near Eastern religious imaginations /." Diss., UMK access, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Center for Religious Studies and Dept. of History. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in religious studies and history." Typescript. Advisor: Gary L. Ebersole. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed March 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 340-360). Online version of the print edition.
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Adair, Vance. "The Shakespearean object : psychoanalysis, subjectivity and the gaze." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1857.

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Through a close analysis of four plays by Shakespeare, this thesis argues that the question of subjectivity ultimately comes to be negotiated around a structural impasse or certain points of opacity in each of the text's signifying practices. Challenging assumptions about the utatively "theatrical" contexts of Richard III, Richard II, Hamlet and Antony and Cleopatra, I argue that, to varying degrees, the specular economy of each play is in fact traversed by a radical alterity that constitutively gives rise to a notion of subjectivity commonly referred to as "Shakespearean". Elaborating upon the work of both Jacques Lacan and Jacques Derrida, I argue that "subjectivity" in the plays is, rather, the articulated confrontation with a non-dialectizable remainder that haunts each text from within. Crucially in this respect I relate each of the texts to Lacan's account of the "gaze" as a species of what he calls the object a: an alien kernel of jouissance exceeding all subjective mediation yet, paradoxically, also that which confers internal consistency both to subjectivity and to the very process of symbolization as such. I am, moreover, also concerned to read the work of Jacques Derrida as providing an illuminating context for how this incursion of alterity that he terms differance (what Lacan calls the Real) may be read as the unacknowledged support of subjectivity. The thesis concludes with a consideration of how this analysis of the Shakespearean object, rather than succumbing to the heady pleasures of an unfettered textuality, opens, ineluctably, onto a rethinking of the very category of the "political" itself.
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Masters, Kenneth Andrew. "Observing and describing textual "reality": a critique of the claims to objective reality and authentication in new critical and structuralist literary theory, seen against a background of Feyerabend's ideas concerning paradigms, dominance and ideology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002290.

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This thesis sets out to examine the claims to objective reality and authentication in New critical and Structuralist literary theories, concentrating on their claims to "objectivity" and "scientific validity." It examines the nature of these claims in the light of the original ideas proposed by some of the major New critics and structuralists in the development of their respective "sciences" of literary theory. Taking direction from the nature of reality and objectivity shown by the theorists, the thesis then attempts an assessment of the validity of some of the original perceptions and presuppositions concerning scientific objectivity and reality. It proposes that inconsistencies within the literary theories resulted from the theorists' inability to grasp the complexity and fluctuating nature of the borrowed terminology and principles that they were using. It does so by taking a closer look at the development of some of the more influential physical theories and the philosophical ideas raised by these developments. It then uses Feyerabend's work on paradigms, dominance and ideology to attempt an assessment of the reasons for the literary theorists' perceptions and presuppositions regarding objectivity and reality. This amounts to accounting for the specific scientific models chosen as bases, and also to accounting for the desire for the "scientific approach" at all. Its conclusions give an indication of the extent to which these original errors contributed to the theories' necessary adaptations of perspective and eventual loss of influence, and emphasises the need for the total understanding of concepts in one field by researchers in other fields, especially if those concepts are to be used by the researchers with any degree of precision.
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Books on the topic "Structuralism (Literary analysis)"

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Culler, Jonathan. Structuralist poetics: Structuralism, linguistics and the study of literature. London: Routledge, 2002.

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Hawkes, Terence. Structuralism & semiotics. London: Routledge, 1991.

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Endre, Bojtár. Slavic structuralism. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1985.

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Berman, Art. From the new criticism to deconstruction: Thereception of structuralism and post-structuralism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988.

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Champagne, Roland A. French structuralism. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990.

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Culler, Jonathan D. Structuralist Poetics. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.

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Grazzini, Serena. Der strukturalistische Zirkel: Theorien über Mythos und Märchen bei Propp, Lévi-Strauss, Meletinskij. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 1999.

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Chémali, Raymond. Structuralisme et critique littéraire: Essai sur l'ambition scientifique de la critique littéraire en France (1945-1980). Beyrouth: Département des publications de l'Université Libanaise, 1999.

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Tachibana, Ryō. Posuto kōzō shugi monogatariron: Gengetsu "Kenzoku" o meguru shikō no echika. Tōkyō: Shinkansha, 2009.

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Faḍl, Ṣalāḥ. Naẓarīyat al-bināʾīyah fī al-naqd al-adabī. [Cairo]: Dār al-Shurūq, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structuralism (Literary analysis)"

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Ryan, Michael. "Structuralism, Semiology, Postmodernism." In A Complete Guide to Literary Analysis and Theory, 128–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003305422-8.

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Banfield, Ann. "I. A. Richards." In Literary Theory and Criticism, 96–106. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199291335.003.0007.

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Abstract A. Richards’s critical activity spans the period from Modernism—Principles of Literary Criticism appeared in 1924—to French structuralism. Richards reviewed a structuralist analysis of Shakespeare by his Harvard colleague, the Russian linguist Roman Jakobson, in 1970. He also commented on generative grammar in two articles published in 1967–8. He thus recalls a time when criticism acknowledged the importance of language and the existence of linguistics. Yet that acknowledgement also meant severing the academic study of literature from Germanic philology, which had ushered in the study of English literature over classics through the history of English: the chair of Anglo-Saxon at Cambridge was first occupied in 1878 by W. W. Skeat, editor of Beowulf.
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Fairfax, Daniel. "Encounters with Structuralism." In The Red Years of Cahiers du cinéma (1968-1973). Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728607_ch14.

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This chapter outlines Cahiers du cinéma’s relationship with structuralist theory in the 1960s and 1970s. The journal’s encounter with structuralism first manifested itself in 1963, when then-editor Jacques Rivette arranged for a series of interviews with Roland Barthes, Pierre Boulez and Claude Lévi-Strauss. The dialogue with Barthes was by far the most stimulating of these interviews and initiated a relationship that lasted until the literary theorist’s death in 1980. But fruitful exchanges were also had with the pioneer of film semiology, Christian Metz, and Pier Paolo Pasolini, who combined filmmaking with his own take on Saussurean linguistics. And yet, although Cahiers was often a venue for debates between different structuralist thinkers, its critics were never entirely satisfied with the semiological approach to film analysis and in the post-1968 era were concerned more with how a film’s formal structures could subvert the cinema’s status as a signifying practice.
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Dobson, James E. "Can an Algorithm Be Disturbed?" In Critical Digital Humanities, 32–65. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042270.003.0002.

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This chapter positions the use of machine learning within the digital humanities as part of a wider movement that nostalgically seeks to return literary criticism to the structuralist era, to a moment characterized by belief in systems, structure, and the transparency of language. While digital methods enable one to examine radically larger archives than those assembled in the past, a transformation that Matthew Jockers characterizes as a shift from micro to macroanalysis, the fundamental assumptions about texts and meaning implicit in these tools and in the criticism resulting from the use of these tools belong to a much earlier period of literary analysis. The author argues that the use of imported tools and procedures within literary and cultural criticism on the part of some digital humanists in the present is an attempt to separate methodology from interpretation. In the process, these critics have deemphasized the degree to which methodology participates in interpretation. The chapter closes by way of a return to the deconstructive critique of structuralism in order to highlight the ways in which numerous interpretive decisions are suppressed in the selection, encoding, and preprocessing of digitized textual sources for text mining and machine learning analysis.
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Duncan, Dennis. "Literature Machines." In The Oulipo and Modern Thought, 27–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831631.003.0001.

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In the group’s Second Manifesto, François Le Lionnais writes that ‘structurAlist’ (his own capitalization) is ‘a term that many of us consider with circumspection’. Therefore, as a way of describing the Oulipo’s interest in structures without getting it mixed up with the method of thinkers like Roman Jakobson or Claude Lévi-Strauss, he proposes the neologism structurElist. And yet, in their analyses of the literary canon and their fascination with cybernetics and authorless texts, much of the Oulipo’s early work does exhibit unignorable affinities with the structuralists. Using material from the BnF archives, this chapter shows how the apparent distaste for structuralism is bound up with the Oulipo’s own moves into narratological—as opposed to linguistic—constraints, and moreover is not felt uniformly by all members. Some, like Le Lionnais, had a role in structuralism’s early development, while others like Queneau are acutely aware of the contested space that the two groups occupy.
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Lauter, Paul. "The Two Criticisms—or, Structure, Lingo, and Power in the Discourse of Academic Humanists." In Canons and Contexts. Oxford University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195055931.003.0011.

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In October of 1966 the Johns Hopkins Humanities Center was the site of an international symposium on “The Languages of Criticism and the Sciences of Man.” The name of the symposium expresses part of its ambition: to model literary criticism on certain “scientific” paradigms. In particular, the meeting was designed to explore the implications of structuralist thinking—and especially that of continental scholars—on “critical methods in humanistic and social sciences.” Whatever the organizers may have meant by “humanistic . . . sciences,” and whatever the value of the conference in examining structuralist thought, as it turned out the symposium will be remembered historically, if at all, as a beginning of poststructuralist analysis in the United States. For at the conference Jacques Derrida made his American debut, delivering a critique of structuralism whose title, “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences,” embodied many of the terms and concepts that have since characterized academic criticism in this country. In the two decades after that Baltimore conference, some version of Derridean analysis— call it deconstructionist, speculative, formalist, or, my preference, “ludic”—has come to be increasingly central to the practice of literary study ... at least as it is carried out in the influential academic towers of New Haven and its suburbs across the land. A few months before this event in 1966, and I dare say unnoted at that conference, Stokely Carmichael had posed a new slogan for what had been thought about up to that time as the “civil rights movement.” Carmichael had been arrested by Greenwood, Mississippi police when, on June 16, participants in the march named after James Meredith had attempted to erect their tents at a local black school. During that evening’s rally, Carmichael angrily asserted that blacks had obtained nothing in years of asking for freedom; “what we gonna start saying now,” he insisted, is “‘black power.’” The crowd responded immediately to those words, chanting its “black power” response to Carmichael’s call.
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Austin, Timothy R. "Narrative Transmission: Shifting Gears in Shelley’s “Ozymandias”." In Dialogue and Critical Discourse, 29–46. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195070637.003.0003.

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Abstract As the interests and concerns of theoretical linguists have changed and expanded over several decades, their colleagues in literary studies have shown themselves adept at finding ways to turn new insights in linguistic science to good account in the analysis of literary language. Structuralist and transformation a list paradigms in turn provided fertile ground for literary applications; phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic analyses contributed to a steadily growing body of essays and monographs by students of the language of literature. One could have predicted, therefore, that the more recent emergence within linguistic theory of a focus on discourse in everyday contexts, including specifically the study of both conversation and narration, would lead in due course to assessments of the relationship between spoken discourse and literary works.
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Harrison, Stephen. "Introduction." In Texts, Ideas, and the Classics, 21–25. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199247462.003.0002.

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Abstract As already noted in my General Introduction to this volume, the issue of literary language has been a central topic in both literary theory and classical scholarship in the twentieth century. Auer bach’s Literary Language and its Public, translated in 1965, states that ‘a literary language is distinguished from the general language of daily life by its selectivity, homogeneity and conservatism’, and classical scholars have often followed this traditional emphasis on linguistic register and lexicon as the key features of literary and (especially) poetic language. However, a larger perspective can also be applied, by which the developing concerns of twentieth century classical scholars can be seen as consonant with developments in linguistic and literary theory more generally. The turn in Saussure and structuralist thought towards language as system, the deep preoccupation with language in linguistic philosophy generally, the close analysis of literary language which is a common concern of both Formalism and New Criticism, and the radical destabilization of language and its capacity to signify in post structuralist theory, have all to some extent been reflected in the work of literary classicists, even when there is no apparent formal connection.
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"POSTSTRUCTURALISM 131 igaray, Kristeva, Lacan) as they have come to be translated and transformed through the Anglo-American theorising of questions of the literary and the matter of critical, textual analysis. The terms poststructuralism and theory or high theory have been assumed by some to be virtually synonymous (as have poststruc-turalism and deconstruction), and the salient discernible features in common of this so-called critical modality - allegedly - have to do with the following topics: the work of rhetoric, the destabilis-ing effects of language, the provisionality of meaning, the work of tropes and images in resisting uniformity or organic wholeness, questions of undecidability, discontinuity, the aporetic and frag-mentation, difference and otherness, the constructedness of the subject, matters of translation, and the denial or, perhaps more accurately, a critique of the referentiality or mimetic function of language. Bibliography Attridge, Derek. Peculiar Language: Literature as Difference from the Renaissance to James Joyce. Ithaca, NY, 1988. Attridge, Derek and Daniel Ferrer (eds). Post-Structuralist Joyce: Essays from the French. Cambridge, 1984. Attridge, Derek, Geoffrey Bennington and Robert Young (eds). Post-Structuralism and the Question of History. Cambridge, 1987. Chase, Cynthia. Decomposing Figures: Rhetorical Readings in the Ro-mantic Tradition. Baltimore, MD, 1986. Cohen, Tom. Anti-Mimesis from Plato to Hitchcock. Cambridge, 1995. Cohen, Tom. Ideology and Inscription: 'Cultural Studies' After Benja-min, De Man, and Bakhtin. Cambridge, 1998. De Man, Paul. Allegories of Reading: Figurai Language in Rousseau, Nietzsche, Rilke, and Proust. New Haven, CT, 1979. De Man, Paul. The Rhetoric of Romanticism. New York, 1984. D e Man, Paul. The Resistance to Theory. Minneapolis, MN, 1986. de Man, Paul. Aesthetic Ideology, ed and intro. Andrzej Warminski. Minneapolis, 1996. Easthope, Antony. Poetry as Discourse. London, 1983. Easthope, Antony. British Poststructuralism since 1968. London, 1988. Harari, Josué V. (éd.). Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structur-alist Criticism. London, 1979. Johnson, Barbara. The Critical Difference. Baltimore, MD, 1980." In Key Concepts in Literary Theory, 147–55. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315063799-23.

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Damrosch, David. "Introduction." In Comparing the Literatures, 1–11. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134994.003.0001.

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This chapter analyzes the best way to address the many disparate literatures at play in literary studies and explains the real meaning of “comparing” literatures. It also discusses “comparative literature” that signifies work across national boundaries and a growing number of scholars in national literature departments that are becoming comparatists to a significant degree. The chapter looks into the long-standing tension between inclusive and exclusive visions and varied politics of comparative studies. It attempts to reframe the exfoliating variety of comparative studies and provide an anatomy of comparison. It also talks about lingering structuralism that fuels a continuing interest in literary forms and in programmatic structures.
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