Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structuralisme'
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Smith, Claude. "Déplacements post-structuraux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100165/document.
Full textThis work tries to report and estimate some of the most significant evolutions that, under the name of «post-structuralism», have affected contemporary philosophy and culture. But, as the «post-structuralist» appellation seems obviously too general, Deleuze's, Derrida's ans Lyotard's texts are actually, all along this work, more specifically studied. Those texts don't indeed sum up by themselves the whole cultural mouvement. But they widely pass through it, and reflect on most of its components.Consequently, following their trajectories can be a way to come back to those components, from the post-phenomenological receipt of «methodological structuralism», to the most important philosophical works that assume a portion of its inheritance (especially Althusser, Foucault and Lacan), up to the assertion of Deleuze's, Derrida's and Lyotard's own originalities. As this mouvement is frequently said «french», this work also tries to report the international cultural and philosophical context in which it spreads out, and the particular position that it holds. This can lead to underline and estimate the value of its critical dimensions, in the spheres of art, morals or politics
Chemali, Raymond. "Structuralisme et critique littéraire : 1945-1980." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100105.
Full textStructuralism based upon the notion of structure used in Saussure’s linguistics (under the denomination of system) and cl. Levi-Strauss’s anthropology, spreads, after the second world war, to other human sciences, especially to literature. In opposition to academic critics, judged as historistic and psychologist, structuralism's purpose is to transpose to literary text the methods of analysis applicable to linguistics’ curpus or to primitive myth. Its declared ambition is to reach a scientific status which guarantees a greater and more objective intelligibility of the text. Its process leans on a set of principles and appropriate rules. Its scientificist tendancy includes structuralism in a lineage which dates back to the second half of nineteenth centuty. It reaches its paroxism in the middle of the sixties under the influence of some "schools of thought" of which, other then structural linguistics and anthropology, we find the "formalists". Some of them have gone so far as to propose equations and schemes supposed to replace critical judgment and which remind, in certain respects, those of algebric sciences. In effect, structuralism is a method as much as a philosophy. It postualtes a world vision whereby man as subject and conscience is radically excluded for the benefit of the system. This attitude questions some important notions of traditional criticism: the genesis of the work, its meaning, its truth, its moral, historical, esthetic, psychological value. . . The literary text is conceived as a closed system of signs. The critic's taks is reduced to decompose the text and then to recompose it for indicating it’s functioning. In short, if structuralism may be recognized as an approach of text, amont many other approaches, it ceases to be admissible as soon as it claims to behave as a science aiming to pierce the mystery of literary creation an, by consequence, the mystery of the mann the mystery of"humor, love and faith"
Taillefer, Dominique. "Le structuralisme : ruptures, impasses et résurgences." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30036.
Full textThe development of structuralism away from linguistics poses its own specific problematics, that of its modellization around the primacy of the sign in a dimension of unconsciousness for which four ruptures are required : with the subject, the meaning, history and man. The semiological model prompts the formation of the theory of the symbolic function in levi-strauss, of language in barthes, of discourse in foucault, of trace in derrida, of process in althusser, and of the significans in lacan. In proportion to its extension to the whole universe of symbols, semiological structuralism makes systematic use of these four ruptures as a methodological approach. In so far as subject, meaning, history and man are categories linked to a theory of representation marked by the presence of the signification, the validity of structuralism is proportional to the capacity of its model to contest the primacy of the representation and its privileged relationship with a cogito. It appears that the unity of structuralism is not stable, as it has been put to the test with regard to its mainstays [levi-strauss and the return to the origin] and its ruptures [lacan and the subject]. The characteristics of the model are therefore at the crossroads of convergences and divergences [the death of man]. It is by taking these characteristics as criteria for the structuralist project that we have observed impasses and resurgences [in relation to the questions of nature and the meaning of myths in levistrauss ; of the episteme, of politics and of desire in foucault ; and of the althusserian reading of marx]. When the model is presented as a meta-system, the methodological approach and the investigation of structures lead to a discourse on man and the world which sterilizes practical reason. This is the "hollowing out" of the concept of man in favour of a tutelary symbolic order
Hoyo, José Félix. "Critique des courants sociologiques : marxisme, structuralisme, fonctionnalisme." Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080108.
Full textThis work develops an analysis of the different sociological currents: marxism, fonctionalism and structuralism. The thesis is centered on the discussion of the fondamental methodological and theoretical aspects, particularly the concepts of "social structure" and "social classes". Firstly, we make a presentation of the fondamental aspects of the hegelian dialectics and the formulations made by contemporary authors such as k. Kosik and h. Lefebvre. Secondly, we examine the marxist conception of "social structure" and "social classes". Thirdly, we develop the analysis of the conceptions of the main theorists of positivism. Here again we study the development of the two key concepts (social structure and social classes). We analyse the thinking of a. Comte, h. Spencer, e. Durkheim, m. Weber, v. Pareto, b. Malinowski, r. Brown, r. Linton, p. Sorokin, t. Parsons, s. Lipset, zetterberg, k. Davis et w. E. Moore, etc. Fourthly, we continue with the structuralist current and particularly with the conceptions of levi-strauss and j. Piaget. Finally, we present a whole vision of the fondamental aspects and characteristics of the different currents and authors considered
Ginoux, Isabelle. "Le moment philosophique du structuralisme selon Deleuze." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209209.
Full textLa première partie adopte la perspective historiographique pour y déceler, chez F.Wahl (1968), M. Frank (1989) F. Dosse (1991), deux principales sources de la méconnaissance du structuralisme philosophique deleuzien au profit d'un prétendu "post" ou "néo-structuralisme" (à partir de L’Anti-Œdipe) :
1° le tracé d'une ligne de partage exclusif entre la philosophie et le structuralisme méthodique des linguistes et de Lévi-Strauss ;
2° le rôle de parangon joué par la déconstruction derridienne du structuralisme.
La seconde partie fait valoir l'irréductibilité du "portrait conceptuel" du structuralisme peint par Deleuze en 1967, tant à l'égard du "cliché scientiste" (linguistique ou axiomatique) dominant les présentations doxographiques contemporaines (F.Wahl et J. Piaget) qu'à l'égard de la déconstruction du structuralisme par Derrida. A rebours des premiers, Deleuze supprime le mètre-étalon (linguistique ou mathématique) permettant de hiérarchiser les disciplines concernées par le structuralisme et, en s’appuyant sur la théorie lévistraussienne de la fonction symbolique à la clef du structuralisme de Lacan, Althusser, Foucault et le groupe Tel Quel, il propose sept critères formels transdisciplinaires, valant autant dans les sphères philosophique et artistique que dans celles des sciences humaines et des sciences exactes. Ce faisant, à la différence de Derrida et du « néo-structuralisme », Deleuze associe en un même « Jeu idéal » Lévi-Strauss (philosophiquement moustachu d’être associé à Lacan, Foucault, Barthes et Althusser) et Nietzsche (philosophiquement glabre d’être revisité à la lumière du structuralisme).
La troisième partie envisage dans Différence et répétition et Logique du sens le développement philosophique de ce "personnage conceptuel" nietzschéo-structuraliste apte à accomplir le « renversement esthétique » du Platonisme nihiliste au profit de la création et de la dramatisation des simulacres/structures. Associant structuralisme et pensée sérielle (U. Eco), Deleuze compose une œuvre chaosmos, un simulacre sériel, polyphonique, « achevé-illimité » jouant de bribes et miette de tout ce que les philosophes ont pu « croire et raconter » depuis l’Antiquité grecque afin de dramatiser l’Idée problématique du structuralisme à la veille de Mai 68./Under the sign of the irreductibility of the event or the “becoming” of concepts to their history, the philosophical moment of structuralism according to Deleuze (1967-1969) is considered from three points of view corresponding to the three parts of the thesis.
The first part adopts the historiographical perspective to detect, in F. Wahl (1968), M. Frank (1989), F. Dosse (1991), two main sources for the lack of knowledge about the deleuzian philosophical structuralism in favour of a so-called “post” or “neo”-structuralism (starting from the Anti-Oedipus) :
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Doctorat en Philosophie
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Hoyo, José Félix. "Critique des courants sociologiques marxisme, structuralisme, fonctionnalisme /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606050c.
Full textSatō, Yoshiyuki. "Le structuralisme et le problème de la résistance." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100032.
Full textThis essay proposes a reinterpretation of the "structuralist" thought, raising the problem of resistance to power. The problem is divided into two : how can "structuralist" power theories, according to which the subject is produced and reproduced by the effects of investment of the power (effects of power internalized by the subject), think about the possibility of subject's resistance to power which produce and reproduce the subject ? ; and how can these theories, according to which the structure is continuously reproduced in a "synchronic" or "atemporal" way, think about the possibility to transform the structure or the social formation ? Answering these two questions, this dissertation try to find the possibility to overcome difficulties of "structuralist" power theories in the philosophy of Foucault, Deleuze/Guattari, Althusser and Derrida, namely, in "structuralist" and "post-structuralist" thoughts, in particular through their struggles against and for the psychoanalytic theory
Idarrou, Ali. "Entreposage de documents multimédias : comparaison de structures." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10008/document.
Full textThe volume of multimedia documents available today, which is increasing, is an important source of information. However, all this information is useless if it is not used efficiently. Managing and exploiting such sources needs to have automated tools available to facilitate access to granules (fine information) documentary, regardless of the underlying heterogeneity of these documents in terms of type, size, format, content, structure, etc.. Automatic classification is a solution that allows organizing and structuring a large collection of documents to reduce the search space and consequently improve the performance of the access to information. Approaches that have addressed the documentary classification are distinguished by the model used to represent the documents and the approach used to classify documents. Concerning multimedia, the problem of classification arises from the complexity of their representation. Indeed, a multimedia document is composed of several objects of various kinds: image, text, sound, etc... It is multi-structured gasoline from the composition of several sub-documents and each sub-document has one or more structures. These structures can be of the same type or of different types (physical structure, logical, temporal, etc.). The multi-structuralism induces multiple and complex relationships between the same two components of a document. It is therefore necessary to use a rich representation model to organize the documents to multiple structures. The works that we conducted in this thesis aims to study model representation of multi-structured multimedia documents and to develop tools capable of processing large amounts of data taking into account the constraints of sharing substructures (sub-graphs) by heterogeneous structures. One of the main issues is how to compare two multi-structured documents, and therefore to compare the structures of materials to assess their similarity. We are interested in the representation of document structures using graphs. Comparing structurally two documents is therefore comparing the graphs that represent them.Traditional methods of document comparison are based on the similarities called "surface": a similarity model based on descriptive properties of objects without considering the relationships between these properties. These methods do not consider implicit information that is conveyed by the document structure. However, the same structural components may not have the same role or the same size in two different documents. We believe that the information provided by the structural relationships of interest inevitable in a process of comparison. We maintain, therefore, that the existing standard measures cannot efficiently address our problem.To evaluate the similarity between two graphs, we propose a new similarity measure based on structural isomorphism of (sub) graphs. In graph theory, the isomorphism of induced sub-graphs can show that a graph is included in another, while the isomorphism of partial sub-graphs is to determine the intersection of two graphs. However, the search for sub-graph isomorphism problem is well known to be combinatorial. Combinatorial problem that makes most approaches limited to small graphs. To reduce the cost combinatory, we propose to consider a graph as a set of paths. Comparing the two graphs is therefore comparing the paths that compose them, using a structural alignment model. The proposed measure reflects the structure of graphs compared in the sense that it takes into account both the position of the nodes, the order of sibling nodes and links between those nodes
Savignat, Anne-Sophie. "Raul Prebisch, le fondateur du structuralisme latino-américain ?" Cergy-Pontoise, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CERG0212.
Full textIn 1949, R. Prebisch made a speech during a conference of the ECLA in La Havana. This intervention, as his own previous works, realized when he was the Executive Secretary of the ECLA, is erroneously considered to be the first structuralist works. By analysing meticulously the works he realized before his access at the ECLA, and considering the Argentinean's political and economical situation during the first half of the 20th century, it looks like there is a clash between those documents previously quoted and his theory of the economic development. In 1949, R. Prebisch was not already a structuralist. His theory was still based on the economic cycles. As a matter of fact, it appears that Juan F. Noyola was the first to elaborate a structuralist theory in 1956, when he tried to identify the specific rigidities for underdeveloped countries, which affect their economics adjustments. It is only in 1961, that we can find the first real essay based on structuralism signed by R. ʿPrebisch. Ever since then, he stopped referring to the economic cycles as the explanatory's mechanism of the outside based vulnerability
Ruyer, Raymond. "Esquisse d'une philosophie de la structure thèse principale présentée à la Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Paris, pour le doctorat ès-lettres /." [S.l. : s.n], 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37284356r.
Full textBenevides, dos Santos Cécilia. "«Sur le structuralisme de Marcel Granet et quelques conséquences»." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1570.
Full textThe sinologist Marcel Granet (1884-1940) was the creator of structural development, in socio-anthropological studies. Recent studies of his work indicate the extent of his researches on kinship, especially those of a more « formalist » character in his last study - Matrimonial categories and close relationships in ancient China (1939), and they testify to his creative role in structuralism. The structuralism of Granet is also evident in the particular approach to the ancient Chinese world which he developed : the facts taken from documents are never seen in an isolated manner but are interconnected and form a system. Structure unfolds over a long period permitting the appearance of constantly renewed modifications of the same generative design, and it operates for all levels of society. Thus the fundamental categories of Chinese culture are revealed in a dynamic arrangement : two categories that are both opposed and complementary whose meaning cannot be discovered unless seen in relation to the totality or ensemble they constitute, and which is represented by a third category of synthesis. Structure in Granet's work is equally embedded in social categories, and the figures in « Social Milieus » embody concrete forms of social organization which may have existed in China. It is this way of analysing facts contained in the texts and comparing them which is the legacy he left to Georges Dumezil. This study touches on other aspects of the work of this Chinese scholar, notably the linguistics context and the evolution of his thinking on the sacred and on religion
Chénard, Martin. "L'acte de lecture structuraliste : déploiement de quelques variables." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56733.pdf.
Full textPamiès, Jean. "Représentation et formalisation : la critique chomskyenne du structuralisme néo-bloomfieldien." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070052.
Full textCh. I sets the epistemological (rationalism vs empirism) background. Ch. II zeroes down on "constituent grammars" as a formal tool for investigation. Ch. III introduces a looser class of trees, the "arboriferences" (with optional crossing of branches, etc. ). A proper sub-class (the "canonical trees") is shown to be definable in 4 equivalent ways (by conditions on rules, etc. ), and 4-way isomorphic with, yet distinct from a class of "equivalence classes of derivations". A consideration of the open sets of distinct though equivalent representations for objects of the latter two classes is then argued to vindicate non-parcimonious use of both of the conplementary resources of "algebraic" and "geometry-like" representation, and to lead to a non-formalist view of formalisation (with a distinction between "symbol", "grapheme" and "inscription-token"). Ch IV reviews some fundamental results. Ch. V shows (via assessment of the notion of "adequation" between "formal(ized)" and "nai͏̈ve" theories) how a vital need could be felt for a "neo"-Bloomfieldian inductivist refundation (with semantic-free "contrast" and checking of representations for "bi-univocity" and "linearity"). It argues (via proof of the "heritage principle") that though constituent grammars are as "adequate" as can be, the Chomskyan invalidation claims (as involving considerations of empirical relevance) must fall short of theorem status. The conclusion argues that though the solutions ever offered are variations on an invariant formal scheme, the object of Chomskyan theory has known one radical (internalist) shift; that any theory claiming to be explicit and to account for accessibility of meaning or reference by mere use of formal representation or of sets of primitive "individuals" as values is vacuous; and that Chomskyan theory lacks the form it would need for the claimed ontological parity with physics. Throughout, "hyperbolic explicitation" is used as an expository and heuristic method
Puech, Christian. "De Saussure au structuralisme : la généralité entre linguistique et philosophie." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100013.
Full textThe research endeavors to define two main points of interest, in order to link them to gather: the formation of a general linguistics at the turning point of the six c. And 20th century, and certain modalities through which general linguistics in implied in a vaster form of knowledge. Semiology and generalized structuralism compose the lines of flight of the research. The course (Saussure), its acceptance in various linguistic enterprises (Meillet, Guillaume), or philosophical ones (Merleau-Ponty, Derrida), its anchoring point. The 1e part tries to diversify the meaning of the expression "general linguistics" in the scope of the utterance according to which "language is a social fact". The 2e part compares three large frames of analysis of ling, facts at the end of six: biologics (A. Darmesteter), (M. Breal) intellectualism, fascination for the unconscious (V. Henry). The latter's work and the case-study of H. Smith, provides us with the opportunity to examine the ideal of science of three experts linguistics. In the 3e part (Guillaume, Merleau-Ponty, Derrida), the cultural aspect of linguistics is underlined, at the same time that the diversity of the modalities (largely projective of appropriation of the conceptuality of the course. The 4e part, devoted to linguistics theories on writing, introduced by a rapid survey of different viewpoint, connected with the problem (history) anthropology, esthetics. . . ), confirm the initial hypothesis: the definition of linguistics involves the whole cultural field
Mirka, Danuta. "The sonoristic structuralism of Krzysztof Penderecki /." Katowice : Music Academy, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369654996.
Full textDuperthuy, Denis. "Structures, institutions et formes : essai d'épistémologie morphologique appliquée à l'économie." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAML045.
Full textEconomical institutions are generally considered as empirical frameworks which role is to “frame” and/or “lead” individual behaviour. The origin of institutions is strongly linked to the epistemological position taken by the different writers. These readings being unsatisfactory, the thesis offers, mainly through the diverse readings of philosophy, epistemology, and social sciences, to reconstruct a morphological epistemology more able to define economical institutions as objective, dynamic and necessary frameworks. This morphologism aims at being a dynamic structuralism, conceiving institutions as the local result of an ever-evolving general economical structure. The study of empirical institutions, through the lens of isomorphism between structure and institution, allow a comprehension of the entire economical structure. This morphological approach, by opening toward the ontology of the structure, allows a scientific understanding of its meaning. The meaning of the economical structure is visible in its form and can be described objectively. Therefore, its study is fundamental to understand economical behaviours
Simont, Juliette. "Gérard Lebrun et les Critiques de Kant: structuralisme et histoire de la philosophie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210697.
Full textMiot-Konopnicki, Danielle. "Contribution à l'histoire du structuralisme européen : les formalistes russes (1914-1929)." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA08A005.
Full textWe should not deal with formalism, but rather with formalists. However, in spite of their differences, the formalists have the same references and study the same subjects. They show that sound has a value independently from the meaning, they study discourse and what generates meaning the theoretical stake of this research is the making-up of "litterary science" which must have its own object and its own specific study. The formalists renew the notions of from and contents, and oppose them those of "device" and material. They investigate the composition and the "morphology" of works and genres, they elaborate the notions of system and structure. A particular conception of literary evolution results from their conception of formal analysis. The latter establishes "genetic" links between the phenomena. The formalists don't limit themselves to theory and history. They put forward the idea of the necessity of a "technology of discourse" in the fields of declamation, of the oratorical art, of translation and of "linguistic policy"
JARDIM, ANDRADE RICARDO. "Le structuralisme et la question du sujet : la formation du champ semiologique." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30019.
Full textAl, Kolaly Mahrous. "Le structuralisme génétique de Lucien Goldmann dans la critique littéraire arabe contemporaine." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30033.
Full textOur work of thesis has as a principal objective “the study of the reception and the influence of the genetic structuralism of Lucien Goldmann on contemporary Arab criticism” starting from the great corpus, either of the critical works, or of the literary works. We determine and justify our study relative to the work on the “critical reception” in the German and French studies of literary criticism and the comparative literature. Our research can be summarized as follows: to understand and explain the translations and practical work through which Arab criticisms received, applied and analyzed the genetic structuralism of Goldmann. The first part studies the translations of the work of Goldmann, the critical reception of his ideas and the literary terminology of his method. The second part examines the influence of genetic structuralism on Arab criticisms in their examination of the literary kinds: maqāma, novel, short story, poetry and theatre. The same applies to the studies of the Arab critic thought. This thesis arrives to the following conclusions: the translations did not have an important value towards applied works. On the other hand, the critical reception brought the essential factor in the diffusion of the method in the Arab world. The treatment of the Arab analyses showed that it did not follow exactly the goldmannien model. Many studies have recourse to other approaches, especially those which are related to linguistics. The familiarity of Arab criticisms with genetic structuralism, through the translations and the critical reception, results in an influence which is exerted in the field of literary criticism
Cardoso, Pinto Miguel Marlon. "À la marge et hors-champ : l’humain dans la pensée de Fernand Deligny." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080020/document.
Full textSince Fernand Deligny’s Works were published in 2007, a rediscovery of this author and his work is taking place. During more than fifty years Deligny worked with children and young people living in the fringes of the society, individuals considered socially maladjusted by the medical, social and juridical institutions. This dissertation aims to reconstitute Deligny’s multiple practical experiences and to systematize his thinking. This task is possible on the basis of a global vision of his work and of the extensive archival work done during this research. We propose to expose how Deligny’s thinking became more precise in the course of these decades and especially after his encounter with mute autistic children. After 1967, Deligny and others settled in Cevennes where they created a network of living places for these children. Without aiming to establish a therapeutic or rehabilitative milieu, they developed an apparatus having a clinical, aesthetic and anthropologic dimension. We propose a detailed analysis of this apparatus, which includes the writing, the cartography and the shooting of films, in order to grasp the approach chosen by Deligny to live with these children. Furthermore, we propose to see how research was continually undertaken within these practices. Thus Deligny was capable of building a very particular philosophical thinking. This thinking, based on the concept of the “human” and a radical critique of every form of humanism, is at the same time very singular and very connected to a large contemporary debate in the anthropologic, psychoanalytic and French philosophic fields
Castel, Pierre-Henri. "Structure et ecriture. Questions d'esthetique du signe en analyse structurale." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0302.
Full textThe author opposes the traditional reading of structural analysis in anthropology. It is not a model, derived from the sciences of language, and applied to anything indiferently. Rather, its epistemological originality and its intrinsic aesthetical dimension are better understood, when structural analysis is regarded as the moste appropriate methode to unrave in all its details the way some singular realite becomes significant. He proceeds from what is significant as such amongs things, towards the categories of language in which these primary data are fully articulated. He reaches this goal in isolating the pure forms of signification among real things (signals, concrete signes such as masks a. S. O. , symbols), and in the more abstract figures of language as well - in grammar and rhetorics. All along, the author speculates on a profound unity between what is said and what is seen, unity which might be conceived via the mode of inscription of these forms and figures. The author criticizes the phenomenological and positivist reappropriations of structural analysis. He endeavours to rehabilitate the ill-fated attempts of formalization which can be found in lacan or levi-strauss. They could be justified in strict relation with the absolutely singular reality, the captation of which is the true subjective stake in their works
Dumaître, Eric. "Le structuralisme littéraire et la crise de la culture scolaire : essai de sociologie cognitive." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040024.
Full textStudying the crisis of French secondary education during the 60's and the 70's may help to understand the unusual popular success of a set of social theories inspired by structural linguistics, usually referred to as " literary structuralism " and represented, for example, by Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault. The teaching of humanities and literature in secondary schools becomes really difficult after 1960 : the institutional changes of educational structures, the fact that technology has been introduced among the scholastic disciplines, the promotion of new cultural and educational models, the democratization of secondary schools, the difficulty in recruiting qualified teachers, and the growing influence of the mass media —because of all these tendencies, the internal ambiguities of the humanist tradition turn into problematic contradictions, and the question of how to define the aims and functions of general education becomes a crucial issue for teachers. Literary structuralism provides them with cognitive resources, arguments and notions, which are apt to help them to conciliate " revolutionnary " claims of modernity with the spirit of traditional academic exercises, like " dissertation " or " explication de texte ", so that they would be able to overcome what appears to be a profound crisis of legitimacy
Chandelier, Frédéric. "Les Cahiers du Cinéma dans les années soixante-dix : enjeux esthétiques de la représentation de l’histoire et de la mémoire des luttes populaires." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100110.
Full textThis thesis concerns the period in which the Cahiers du Cinéma applied an ideological reading to popular film. It highlights the debates and various critical theories concerning social struggles within French, Italian and American cinema from 1973 until 1978. This work analyses the articles published in the Cahiers after Serge Daney and Serge Toubiana began managing the magazine. The changes which then occurred showed an intrinsic desire to revive film criticism after a period marked by the political commitments of the editorial staff (dating back to 1968). This merging of film criticism with a militant approach was achieved through a reading of the ideological intentions hidden within popular cinema. Film was understood by the magazine as a way for the bourgeois class to normalize its conception of the world, society and history. Along with the philosophers Michel Foucault, Jacques Rancière and the historian Marc Ferro, the critics of the Cahiers would go on to refine a historiographical approach of the representation of the working-class masses. From Charles de Gaulle’s France to Valéry Giscard d’Estaing’s election and to François Mitterrand’s socialist program, the editorial staff of the Cahiers du Cinéma focused its analysis on the transformations and fractures which characterized successive governments. This work reflects on the different readings that the critics developed, regarding the editing of historical and documentary films which recorded revolutionary movements like the May 1968 events. It also looks at the way films resorted to archive images, and the political decontextualization of the militant discourse, as well as the social and historical function that the critics of the Cahiers du Cinéma theorized, drawing from films such as Moi, Pierre Rivière..., Le petit Marcel, Milestones or Jonas qui aura 25 ans en l’an 2000
Prin, Christian. "Excentration, extimité, hiatus : le réel se situe dans l'intervalle : structure et temps, excentration et extimité." Paris 8, 2004. http://octaviana.fr/document/184660149#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textA series of apparently homologous formulations are conjoining, which, from philosophy to end of philosophy and to the anti-philosophy closures, leave problematic the always possible superposition of crucial proposals of dialectic (to hear prevalence of the process) and of " structure ". A point of real (réel), like impossibility of the logical modality, introduces the principle of inconsistency in the heart itself of contemporary logics, parallel to the principle of internal contradiction like rational core. It is this gap which is questioned, on the thirty year old spectrum spent, where the dialectical " schema " has to try out an element which denies it : Lacan. The category of time thus in particular is aimed, like that of jouissance [i. E. As distinct from the pleasure]
Sato, Yoshiyuki. "Pouvoir et résistance : Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida, Althusser /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41044229p.
Full textBertolino, Xavier. "La construction des valeurs par le juge : une étude du discours doctrinal." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0110.
Full textThis thesis tempts to clarify the ambiguities surrounding the concept of value, by means of a critical study which focuses on the dominant doctrinal discourse. The clash of values might be a clash of gods according to Max Weber who affirms (in Science comme vocation, 1919) that the sociological nature of cultures is irreducible. For this purpose we do that in a relatively open framework, that of the legal system in the Occident, including the United State of America and some other regional legal organisations like the European legal human right system and the theological system. We think that these ambiguities can be explained by the fact that this doctrine is quite often subject to predetermined issues which limit the focus of its analysis. One of these issues, related to traditional “jusnaturalisme” and to a kind of some legal positivism, is the one which deals with values in terms of integration (or not) of some particular norms in a system which is supposed to be closed or relatively self centred. Such a suggestion can only lead to a dead end. In order to bypass such a dilemma we have adopted a double directive methodology: -Suggesting a dialectical theory of values which enhances the role of the judge, especially that of a constitutional judge, within a constitutional process, with a specific system, sometimes called “system of values”. - Making use of a large set of legal sources, to allow analysis of this process, where the doctrine can be considered not as an authority but as an entity, as Ph. Jestaz and Ch. Jamin call it, considered with relation to other legal sources. In this regard and by means of some basic principles revisited through questions of values (including the principle of democracy) we have managed to provide aspects of a general theory of values by turning it into one of the elements of the people’s legal culture. Legal realism, especially interpretive realism, has a particular significance in this framework, and allows transition from the first to the second part of this thesis. The first part is dedicated to criticism of the existing explicative system, through its philosophical and theological origins, while the second is in fact quite constructivist. Accordingly, reality seems to be a constructed thing, whereas the “real” appears as a given data in an environment where different factors should bring society together, and which the judge should take into account. In conclusion, we have come to distinguish the « real », or said otherwise, the environment and the legal reality, by analysing the relationship that these two terms share with values. The latter terms appear sometimes as specific legal categories (law and principles), while in others as a necessary background for the functioning of the overall
Parodi, Maxime. "La modernité manquée du structuralisme : une dynamique intellectuelle et sociale en France de 1945 à 1975." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040170.
Full textWhy the French scientists and intellectuals were so enthusiastic about structuralism in the 1960's ? Far from relativistic approach, we start from the premiss that the ideas the structuralists followed have to be taken seriously. They tried to solve some fundamentals problems, but they failed. We had to explain why and how. First, we attempt to show the main difficulties they were confronted with. Their ambition was to build the foundation of social sciences from any sort of natural processes. In so doing, they were condemned to accept some theology or to slip into radical scepticism. Then, we show that such model has some claim to be considered a correct rendering of the structuralist's productions and its dynamic. And last, we attempt to isolate the network's effect. We use a model which was fruitful in political sciences in studying failed revolution. A reasonable amount of evidence suggests the relevance of such a model to explain the social dynamic of French structuralism
Bertolino, Xavier. "La construction des valeurs par le juge : une étude du discours doctrinal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0110.
Full textThis thesis tempts to clarify the ambiguities surrounding the concept of value, by means of a critical study which focuses on the dominant doctrinal discourse. The clash of values might be a clash of gods according to Max Weber who affirms (in Science comme vocation, 1919) that the sociological nature of cultures is irreducible. For this purpose we do that in a relatively open framework, that of the legal system in the Occident, including the United State of America and some other regional legal organisations like the European legal human right system and the theological system. We think that these ambiguities can be explained by the fact that this doctrine is quite often subject to predetermined issues which limit the focus of its analysis. One of these issues, related to traditional “jusnaturalisme” and to a kind of some legal positivism, is the one which deals with values in terms of integration (or not) of some particular norms in a system which is supposed to be closed or relatively self centred. Such a suggestion can only lead to a dead end. In order to bypass such a dilemma we have adopted a double directive methodology: -Suggesting a dialectical theory of values which enhances the role of the judge, especially that of a constitutional judge, within a constitutional process, with a specific system, sometimes called “system of values”. - Making use of a large set of legal sources, to allow analysis of this process, where the doctrine can be considered not as an authority but as an entity, as Ph. Jestaz and Ch. Jamin call it, considered with relation to other legal sources. In this regard and by means of some basic principles revisited through questions of values (including the principle of democracy) we have managed to provide aspects of a general theory of values by turning it into one of the elements of the people’s legal culture. Legal realism, especially interpretive realism, has a particular significance in this framework, and allows transition from the first to the second part of this thesis. The first part is dedicated to criticism of the existing explicative system, through its philosophical and theological origins, while the second is in fact quite constructivist. Accordingly, reality seems to be a constructed thing, whereas the “real” appears as a given data in an environment where different factors should bring society together, and which the judge should take into account. In conclusion, we have come to distinguish the « real », or said otherwise, the environment and the legal reality, by analysing the relationship that these two terms share with values. The latter terms appear sometimes as specific legal categories (law and principles), while in others as a necessary background for the functioning of the overall
Grazzini, Serena Spies Bernhard. "Der strukturalistische Zirkel : Theorien über Mythos und Märchen bei Propp, Levi-Strauss, Melerinskij /." Wiesbaden : deutscher Universitäts-Verl, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399232852.
Full textTchougounnikov, Sergueï. "Entre "organicisme" et "post-structuralisme" : deux âges du discours russe-soviétique sur le langage et la littérature (1914-1993)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0033.
Full textCartonnet, Alexis. "Les relations internationales à l'Age Classique : Etude systématique des dimensions ontologiques, politiques, stratégiques et tactiques des relations entre Etats aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENSL0766.
Full textThis PhD work aims at analyzing the dynamics of international relations from the Westphalia (1648) treaties to the battle of Valmy (1792). Classic conflicts are regularly qualified by military historians as being ‘‘limited’’ and ‘‘indecisive’’, and it is therefore necessary to elucidate the reasons and the nature of such restrictions. Limitations are actually two-fold: classic wars are politically limited, regulated by a legal framework known as “balance of powers”. As a consequence, wars are also militarily limited, often described as being mitigated by a strategy of attrition and tactics of position. More important than the acknowledgment of this limitation, is the way they are linked together. So as to shed light on such dynamics, we’ve built an analytical framework called “quadrangle of international relations’’, allowing to decipher their ontological, political, strategic and tactic dimensions, in any period of time. Ontology questions the nature of the actors in any given political system: how did the territorial sovereign state become the main form of political organization? The political dimension of this model allows analyzing the legal framework in which foreign relations take place: how did balance of powers become the main way of regulating violence between states? Its strategic angle scrutinizes the military plans of state leaders: how could a defensive strategy based on attrition warfare be accounted for? tactical aspects develop the operating instructions designed to support strategy: what did sieges and maneuvers look like in classic wars? Each of these dimensions is causally linked to one another so that we could revive “global history”, from mental layers to the actors’ strategies
Toutain, Anne-Gaëlle. ""Montrer au linguiste ce qu'il fait". Une analyse épistémologique du structuralisme européen (Hjelmslev, Jakobson, Martinet, Benveniste) dans sa filiation saussurienne." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788676.
Full textMarian, Gabriel. "Les importations méthodologiques dans la critique littéraire française des dernières décennies." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040036.
Full textDuring the second half of the XXth century, literary theories often developed according to a scientist pattern by means of methodological borrowings coming from social or applied sciences. But whereas the scientific status of these very theories is considered to be unstable by epistemological criteria, the inner nature of methodological borrowings looks very much alike to that of metaphors and fiction. If, on one hand, the part played by analogies and fictional models in the discourse of the exact sciences is strictly determined, on the other hand, it appears to be utterly vague and indistinct as far as the social sciences are concerned, which represents one of the direct sources of failure for the structuralist approach as well as for French “nouvelle critique”. Borrowings coming from saussurian linguistics, psychoanalysis and sociology, as well as models and formalisms copied on mathematics, represent by all means a bibliography that can also be read and interpreted in accordance with stylistic and aesthetic codes. By its tendency to progressively blur the boundaries between literature and sciences, structuralism also contributes to create a favourable environment for the advent of post-modern episteme
Young, Jean-Gabriel. "De la détection de la structure communautaire des réseaux complexes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25472.
Full textA precise description of the mesoscopic structure of complex systems is necessary to improve models of the dynamical processes on and of networks. However, knowledge of this structure comes at great cost, since finding a optimal decomposition in communities is a problem that belongs to the NP hard complexity class. Multiple recent algorithms yield approximate solutions in polynomial time. Most of these algorithms are collections of ad hoc methods, such that only extensive numerical studies lead to insightful comparisons. In this thesis, we present the basis of a unified theory of community detection, which builds upon recent advances of the spectral theory of complex networks. First, we prove that a large class of detection algorithm is equivalent to an optimization problem that can be solved approximately though the spectral decomposition of a very general cost matrix. Within this framework, otherwise ad hoc algorithms can be studied analytically and rigorously. This point of view also leads to a new, original and first-principled spectral detection algorithm. Second, using random matrix theory, we generalize existing results and prove that the spectrum of a class of modular networks contains valuable information on their mesoscopic structure. These complementary approaches, spectral optimization and random matrix theory, give powerful insights into the spectral theory of complex networks, and their relevance to community structure. These analytical results are unfortunately not yet generalizable to arbitrary networks. For complex cases, we prefer a purely numerical approach. Hence, we introduce a heuristic method that drastically improves the efficiency of existing, imperfect algorithms. To test this method, we also present a local growth process that produces realistic modular networks with known community structure. These networks can then be used as versatile benchmarks.
Angermüller, Johannes. ""Propheten" und "Humanisten" : Sciences humaines-Konjunktur und intellektuelles Feld in Frankreich (1960-1980) in der struktural-pragmatischen Diskursanalyse." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120006.
Full textIn the 1960s et 70s the intellectual field in France experiences far-reaching transformations giving rise to a rapid succession of new theories and tendencies. Thus the hegemonic success of "master thinkers" like Lacan, Althusser and Foucault can be attributed to a conjuncture of diverse factors: the rapid expansion of the academic field, the crisis of the independent artist and man of letters, and the role of certain "peripheral institutions" (ENS, EHESS, Collège de France). However, in order not to reduce a given discourse to a pre-given reality, this dissertation aims at opening Bourdieu 's field theory for a structural-pragmatic theory of discourse which emphasizes the contingency of the articulation of structure and discursive event. In analyzing the works and careers of certain producers (such as Derrida, Barthes, Tel Quel) this dissertation looks into the way the producers of the field position themselves against their competitors and articulate intellectual hegemonies
Hengst, Jochen. "Ansätze zu einer Archäologie der Literatur : mit einem Versuch über Fähne's Prosa /." Stuttgart : J. B. Metzler, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39979342j.
Full textMeisel, Hélène. "La subsistance subjective. Problématiques romantiques dans l’art conceptuel." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040052.
Full textParadoxical and anachronistic, the idea of a “romantic conceptualism” first appeared in 1977 in an article by Boris Groys dedicated to Muscovite artists imbued with Russian Idealism. Reexamined in the 2000s by Jörg Heiser and Jan Verwoert, the critical hypothesis was extended to take in the international Conceptual scene, where certain elements of the original German romanticism survived, such as collective writing, the fragmentary form or the Witz spirit. Against biography, subjectivity and expression, at the end of the 1960s Conceptual Art still showed itself to be virulently anti-Romantic. Defending an “emotionally dry” practice in which the idea would become “a machine that makes the art”, the movement echoed the Structuralists’ anti-Humanism as well as their putting to death of the author. Yet a frustrated existentialism persisted among certain artists who continued exploring the concepts of identity and intersubjectivity, in an epoch of capitalist systems and cybernetic networks. It is through linguistic explorations that the conceptual subject romanticises itself, rediscovering, through incoherencies in formal logic, the mysticism of combinational thoughts and from the ambiguity of irony, the benefits of a “non-governed language”
Thomasette, David. "La philosophie à l'âge de la science : édition commentée d'un livre inachevé de Jules Vuillemin." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0271.
Full textIn the mid-1990s, Jules Vuillemin (1920-2001) was working on a book entitled Être et choix. Éléments de philosophie réaliste, intended to present in systematic form his last philosophy. The aim of our work is to study it from the text, unfinished, held by the Archives Vuillemin (Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie – UMR 7117). To achieve this, we organized our work in two arts. In the first part, we provide a general introduction to the text of Vuillemin. Its objective is to report factually the status of the manuscript (versions, dating), and to provide an overall interpretation of it. We support in particular that the philosophical position of Vuillemin, which we call skeptical realism is linked to his meta-philosophical position, which we call critical pluralism. According to our interpretation, it is mainly the weaknesses of intuitionistic position that guided Vuillemin to choose realism. We show it in particular in the field of the sensible world, morality, and mathematics. In the second part, we present a transcription of Vuillemin's manuscript accompanied by a linear comment. After the synthetic approach of the introduction, the method adopted here is an analysis of the text. In the first chapter, “Qu'est-ce que la philosophie ?”, we show that pluralism defended by Vuillemin produced a change in method leading it to adopt an anti-foundational conception of ontological beliefs. In the second chapter, “La réalité sensible”, we argue that Vuillemin tries to refute idealism from an intuitionistic point of view, using arguments close to those used by Poincaré in his theory of representative space, and Merleau-Ponty in his phenomenology of perception, but this attempt results in a partial failure. We interpret this as another reason that prompted Vuillemin to reject intuitionism in favor of realism. Finally, in the third chapter, “L'institution de l'homme”, we show that the investigation of the natural signals of perception should logically extend to a survey of linguistic signs to introduce the only category to refer to Platonic Ideas, which Vuillemin called pure predication
Pendino, Alessandra. "L'utopie du non genre : la Queer Theory à l’épreuve de la Res publica." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100040.
Full textDedicated to the french reception of Queer Theory, research comes within the scope of the political sociology field of knowledge. If the rereading of Poststructuralism, whose figureheads are Foucault, Deleuze, ord Derrida, is spectacularly growing since the eighties in the USA, it has difficulties to establish itself in a efficient and durable way in the French intellectual landscape. The goal of this thesis is to identify the main sites of resistance to the establishment of this specific paradigm in France through historical, genealogical and epistemological axioms. Aimed to set the emergence of Queer thinking in a continuum, the first axiom composes a work of contextualization trying to identify the main stages which make up its history. Showing the theoretical relation of Queer Theory as a triple legacy, psychoanalytical, Poststructuralism and deconstructionist feminism, the second part builds a model of the content of the theory as a utopian perspective. Coming back to the central problematic, the study reveals the partial failure of the theory in the French research as well as in the militant discourse. The observation of explanatory factors shows the reality of irreconciliable gaps. These are based on anthropological and political foundations, culturally regarded as sacred, which, when questioned, help to unveil how Queer Theory clashes with both a disciplinarity and a specific history, that of (Post)structuralism, which became a taboo, thus forbidding the return of its own legacy
Han, Yong-Hee. "Enjeux de la théorie du texte dans l'oeuvre de Roland Barthes." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082270.
Full textWe studied the stakes of text's theory or litterary theory in Roland Barthes' work. We studied it in four parts : semiology, thematism, structuralism, " textualism ". We saw psychoanalisis all long our four parts. Barthes' semiology went thraugh different steps, which are not coherent from the begining to the end. His epistemology is linked to psychoanalisis more than linguistic. Thematism is introduced since the beginning of Barthes' theory and remains during a long period. Abaut his structuralism's epistemology, thematism and psychoanalisis are as important as linguistic. Especially psychoanalisis, which ruled over his structural thought. In textualism, since S/Z, psychoanalisis, almost lacanian, mixed up with materialism, is very actual. From now and then, he underlined words such as : " work ", " production ", " weaving ", " signifiance ", " enjoyment " to develop his text's theory
Corio, Alessandro. "« Du cri à la parole » : subalternità, comunità e scrittura nelle letterature francofone dei Caraibi." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1042.
Full textThis thesis wants to apply some specific themes and theories produced by poststructuralist and postcolonial philosophies to the Francophone Caribbean literary field. Overall, this work is structured into three parts: the first one is a wide exploration of poststructuralist and postcolonial theory, focussing on the questions of the subaltern’s “capture of speech”, the relation between language and community and the deconstruction of essentialist thought and dialectic historicism, which are at the basis of the material and epistemic violence of colonialism. The second part consists in a comparative analysis of Édouard Glissant’s theoretical works, in relation with postcolonial theory and with Jean-Luc Nancy’s philosophical thought about community. Finally, the third part presents a textual analysis of some novels by Édouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau and Maryse Condé, in relations to the theoretical matters analysed in the first two sections. We take into account the three author’s reactions to the linguistic alienation and their different tactics of resistance by means of language; their representation of the relations between myth and community; the subaltern’s silence inside History and the possibilities -impossibilities of his/her literary representation. We also consider the different modalities, the stylistic and the narrative ones, for representing community and its relation with writing itself, as well as the multiple visions of the community and the subaltern that emerge from the novels
Fučíková, Milena. "Pouvoir tout raconter : poétique de la narration, figure du narrateur et métaphore comme outil narratif : étude comparée des romans Levins Mühle et Litauische Claviere de Johannes Bobrowski et Solibo Magnifique et L'esclave vieil homme et le molosse de Patrick Chamoiseau." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10030.
Full textCarratelli, Carlo. "L’integrazione dell’estesico nel poietico nella poetica musicale post-strutturalista : il caso di Salvatore Sciarrino, una "composizione dell'ascolto"." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040101.
Full textThis work tries to relate the musical experience of the Italian composer Salvatore Sciarrino with an aesthetic turn that has characterized the history of ideas at the beginning of the 70’s : the shift of attention from the object to the subject, about the relationship between man and world. We try to examine a particular aspect of this turn - the integration of estesic level in the poietic one - of which characteristics appear, according to us, in Sciarrino’s work. This integration consists in the “assumption” of the reception of a work by its composer. This assumption may show itself in different ways : an attention to the communicative aspects of music, a research focused on listening as a cognitive activity, the consciousness about the hermeneutical and phenomenological dimensions that make listening something more than a mere perception. We try to show how these aspects mix in Sciarrino’s works, by means of an analysis of poietic level (Sciarrino’s writings and notes) and by means of an estesical and inductive analysis of a selection of Sciarrino’s scores. The examples of Lohengrin and Vanitas, in particular, show that the temporal conduction of these works correspond to their poetic meaning, and that Sciarrino’s music intend to communicate not only a “musical message”, but also the cognitive structure for receiving it. That is why we define Sciarrino’s working as a “listening’s composition”
Kovács, Inge. "Wege zum musikalischen Strukturalismus : René Leibowitz, Pierrre Boulez, John Cage und die Webern-Rezeption in Paris um 1950 /." Schliengen : Edition Argus, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401933420.
Full textGaland, Charles. "Une approche tri-componentielle pour l'étude des représentations sociales : développements théoriques et méthodologiques liés à la mise au point d'outils permettant d'appréhender le contenu et la structure d'une représentation." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083298.
Full textFor the past fifty years, the social psychology was influenced by the development of the social representations theory and by the emergence of a structural approach trying to identify the constituent cognitions of a representation and to describe their organization. Following the same tradition as « Ecole d’Aix », the members of the Parisian Laboratory of Social Psychology currently work on the elaboration of a tri-componential model regarding the study of the social representations and on the adjustment of two tools which could allow to comprehend both the content and the structure of the representational field: the task of verbal associations and the explication interview. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of the model and to participate to improvement of these tools. From a theoretical point of view, the work carried out allowed to progress in the formulation of the principles which support the model. From a methodological point of view, this work allowed the improvement in the treatment, encoding and analysis procedures of the linguistic production in a tri-componential perspective. The approach picked up, proposes an original reading of the social phenomena and covers a large possible application field to the public health
Feuillerac, Martin. "Les conséquences du travail empirique de Luciano Berio au Studio di Fonologia : vers une autre écoute." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20100/document.
Full textIn 1955 the R.A.I. granted Luciano Berio permission to create the Studio di Fonologia in their Milan radio studios, the first European studio to combine “musique concrète” and purely electronic music. He was able to choose the equipment and define the usage of the studio so that it became a place where he would produce radio dramas for the R.A.I. at a furious pace for six years as well as a laboratory for personal research. Surrounded by a circle of avant-garde personalities, very aware of scientific publications of his time - notably in the domains of linguistics, musical theory and structuralism - he will dive in an empirical way into the heart of vocal material. The acousmatic nature of the studio, the absence of live performers, and the poetic and theatrical dimension of language will lead him to ask himself about the notion of listening, and in a Brechtian way, about listening to listening. We will attempt in our work to reveal - from his actual studio work - the elements which later merged to become the Berian style and which were already germinating or even perfectly recognizable during the period from Chamber Music to Laborintus II
Harter, Jean-Louis. "Les jeux de l'image et du son." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080717.
Full textCreation of a tool of asthetic analysis, which will be applied to music, language, and relations between image and sound in a audio-visual work. This tool is built from he concept of play. 1. The bringing of an universal of the play's structure to light : a "stretching distance" must be holded between players' efficiency and the hasard inherent in a play situation. 2. In every sructure, rule is contingent, always in attendance on the "stretching distance". Now this distance doesn't belong to the structure ; it is a differential principe, spreaded in structural spatium, and which allow each places, each roles to articulate with any other. 3. Fonction of the rules of music is to promote meaning, by holding a "streching distance". This distance is reveleated in the tonal music's material itself, and is spreaded in the music which insists on sound itself, on timbre (see cage). Strech takes its origin in silence. 4. In language, figure of speech is another illustration of this variation of a "streching distance". It gives the meaning - it gives even the style. 5. Analysis of the perception's structure is used to account for aesthetic facts : work is the manifestation of an irreductible "stretching distance". An audio-visual work produces all meaning only when the two series (the one of images and the one of sounds) wich constitute the work are converging to a "paradoxal element" (see deleuze), the object = x, that flows through them. Annexe : play an pedagogy of music (five bringed out articles)
Lalèyê, Issiaka-Prosper. "Connaissance de la mentalité : épistémologie génétique et critique de l'anthropologie." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H005.
Full textLongeaud, Sophie. "Analyse de l'espace architectural : notions, représentations." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082391.
Full textThis research study focuses on the various operations involved in shaping and developing a certain type of space in the hope of providing one with a better grasp of space as such, without overlooking the historical framework and its different perspectives. Based upon concrete examples borrowed from Middle Eastern as well as Western architectural projects, this work seeks to highlight the most appropriate means to circumscribe space - i. E. Its elements, growth and articulation - and postulates the association of mental tools of representation in all forms of spatial analysis. As part of an ongoing process of investigation on this very topic, this study deals with the morphological and structural aspects of space, relying on a specific architectural approach, and describing the inner workings of some of the tools – composition, scales, geometry, orientation, limits, etc. – required for spatial analysis