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1
Barlow, Richard. The development of team-based organization structure in public libraries in England, 1969-1986. Boston Spa: The British Library, Document Supply Centre, 1987.
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2
Sinha, Frances. From indifference to active participation: Six case studies of natural development through social organisation. Gurgaon: EDA Rural Systems, 1996.
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3
Schlabrendorff, Fabian von. The legal structure of transnational forest-based investments in developing countries: A comparative study of the contractual practice in selected host countries of the tropical Asia-Pacific region. Zürich: ETH Zürich, 1987.
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4
Straalen, Nico, and Dick Roelofs. Human Evolution and Development. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729208.
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Our understanding of human evolution is proceeding at an unprecedented rate over the last years due to spectacular fossil finds, reconstructions based on genome comparison, ancient DNA sequencing and new insights into developmental genetics. This book takes an integrative approach in which the development of the human embryo, the evolutionary history of our body, the structure of human populations, their dispersal over the world and their cultures are examined by integrating paleoanthropology, developmental biology, comparative zoology, population genetics and phylogenetic reconstruction. The authors discuss questions like: - What do we know about ancient humans? - What happens in the development of an embryo? - How did we manage to walk upright and why did we lose our hair? - What is the relationship between language, migration and evolution? - How does our body respond to the challenges of modern society? In addition to being a core text for the study of the life sciences, Human Evolution and Development is an easy-to-read overview for the interested layperson.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. Strategic development of railway transport logistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1194747.
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The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture.
At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy.
The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.
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Kumar, P. Sai. Development of windows based application for the calculation of atomic hyperfine spectrum of ODD isotopes. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2002.
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7
Du, Qishi. Developments in structure-based theoretical modeling of hydrophobicity for computer-aided drug design. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University Press, 1995.
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8
Hvostova, Irina, Aleksey Makarov, and Aleksandr Larin. Non-financial factors in the formation of the company's financial policy: composition, structure, relationships. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080130.
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When implementing the financial policy of the Corporation, the object of attention of owners and managers is increasingly becoming non-financial indicators of the development of modern companies, such as corporate governance characteristics, socio-economic and environmental indicators. Without denying the need to calculate and analyze financial and economic criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of financial policy, the authors of the monograph describe and systematize the composition and structure of non-financial factors of financial policy, based on the theory of Agency relations and the concept of sustainable development. Along with the theoretical analysis of non-financial factors of financial policy formation, the monograph presents the results of their empirical analysis for emerging markets, as well as an empirical analysis of trends in the use of non-financial indicators in modern corporate Finance research. It is intended for a wide range of readers, including researchers, practitioners, postgraduates, applicants and students studying in the fields of "Economics", "Management".
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Baryshev, R., Mihail Noskov, and Margarita Manushkina. Electronic library in the context of the electronic information and educational environment of the University. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24242.
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The monograph examines the structure and functions of the electronic information and educational environment of the University and the place of the electronic library in this structure. The analysis of literary sources is carried out and the most important directions of development of University electronic libraries are highlighted. Based on the analysis, a model for the development of the library of a modern University is proposed.
For students, postgraduates, teachers, and anyone interested in library systems.
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Grassini, Maurizio, and Rossella Bardazzi, eds. Structural changes, international trade and multisectoral modelling. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-740-9.
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In September 2007 the national team members of the International Inforum (Interindustry Forecasting Project at the University of Maryland) group held the XV annual World Conference in Truijllo, Spain. Such Conferences offer the participants to report their achievements in the different fields concerning the macroeconomic multisectoral modeling approach and data development. The national partners build their country model based on a common input-output accounting structure and a similar econometric modeling approach for sectoral and macroeconomic variables. In each Conference, the contributions refer to the wide spectrum of research activities carried on within the Inforum system of models.
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Kostyukov, Viktor. Molecular mechanics of biopolymers. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1010677.
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The monograph is devoted to molecular mechanics simulations of biologically important polymers like proteins and nucleic acids. It is shown that the algorithms based on the classical laws of motion of Newton, with high-quality parameterization and sufficient computing resources is able to correctly reproduce and predict the structure and dynamics of macromolecules in aqueous solution. Summarized the development path of biopolymers molecular mechanics, its theoretical basis, current status and prospects for further progress.
It may be useful to researchers specializing in molecular Biophysics and molecular biology, as well as students of senior courses of higher educational institutions, studying the biophysical and related areas of training.
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Bashin, Yuriy, Gennadiy Grinev, and Yuliya Dremova. Economics of the information society. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1039916.
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The textbook presents modern ideas about the development and formation of the economy of the information society. Scientific concepts of transformation of the modern post-industrial society into an information society based on information and communication technologies and knowledge are highlighted. The basic concepts of technological processes of the information society, as well as definitions and dynamics of development of information resources, products and services in the economy of the information society, and a number of other topical issues are presented. The structure of the manual helps to identify the main aspects of the studied socio-economic processes, organize and specify the educational process. Questions for self-control and tasks are offered to activate the assimilation of the material. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training 38.03.05 "Business Informatics".
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Malamidis, Haris. Social Movements and Solidarity Structures in Crisis-Ridden Greece. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722438.
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Social Movements and Solidarity Structures in Crisis-Ridden Greece explores the rich grassroots experience of social movements in Greece between 2008 and 2016. The harsh conditions of austerity triggered the rise of vibrant mobilizations that went hand-in-hand with the emergence of numerous solidarity structures, providing unofficial welfare services to the suffering population. Based on qualitative field research conducted in more than 50 social movement organizations in Greece’s two major cities, the book offers an in-depth analysis of the contentious mechanisms that led to the development of such solidarity initiatives. By analyzing the organizational structure, resources and identity of markets without middlemen, social and collective kitchens, organizations distributing food parcels, social clinics and self-managed cooperatives, this study explains the enlargement of boundaries of collective action in times of crisis.
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Kovalenko, Vladimir. Design of information systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987869.
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The tutorial discusses the design features of information systems (is) involved in the implementation of CALS technologies: MRP/MRPII/ERP systems, e-Commerce systems (B2B), supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), and decision support systems (OLAP). The issues of choosing the design technology, software tools for project development, building functional and information models in the environment of Business Studio, MS Visio, Elma, AllFusion Modeling Suite and Oracle Designer 10g, as well as the development of technical and operational documentation are highlighted. The characteristics of CASE technologies and their implementation in the Oracle Designer 10g environment are considered. A comparative analysis of the standards of the organization of the life cycle of creating and using IP, practical recommendations for the development of standard profiles, examples of the development of an IP project based on a cascading model of the life cycle, including using a process approach in the management and automation of processes. The models of the client — server architecture and the structure of cloud computing are considered. Modern approaches to the selection of ready-made is and their implementation in automated enterprises are studied in detail.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students (bachelors and specialists) and masters of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of "Applied Informatics". It is also recommended for teachers and specialists working in the field of information technology.
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Lomakina, Tat'yana, and Nina Vasil'chenko. Modern technology of teaching a foreign language: design and experience. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1111366.
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The monograph deals with the theoretical and practical issues of pedagogical design of the technology of teaching a foreign language in the system of secondary vocational education. Presents an analysis of key concepts "instructional design" and "technology of education" that is meaningful and reveals the basic principles of the system, activity-based and student-centered approaches to the design of learning technologies to address new opportunities and the status of the str system in the modern socio-economic conditions. The author has developed a method of selection of the content of learning English language, based on the modular structure of the course, taking into account international experience in building the content of language education for professional purposes, the requirements of the educational-methodical complex of teaching business English and core competencies stipulated by the Council of Europe, as well as the requirements of the labour market and the needs of employers standardisert, intensificarea language training specialist of middle management by reflection of the status and trends of professional activities in various fields. For use in the system of professional development of teachers of secondary vocational education, additional education and the system of corporate training.
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Tromp, Coyan. Wicked Philosophy. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988774.
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Wicked Philosophy. Philosophy of Science and Vision Development for Complex Problems provides an overview of the philosophy of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the humanities, and explores how insights from these three domains can be integrated to help find solutions for the complex, ‘wicked’ problems we are currently facing. The core of a new science-based vision is complexity thinking, offering a meta-position for navigating alternative paradigms and making informed choices of resources for projects involving complex problems. The book also brings design thinking into problem-solving and teaching, fostering construction of an integrative approach that bridges structure and action amplified by transdisciplinary engagement of stakeholders in society. It is not always easy to set up a succesfull philosophy course for students in other programs. The author of Wicked Philosophy, Coyan Tromp, has experience in designing courses on philosophy of science for various Bachelor programs. You can find two examples here. The first example is for an introductory course to an Interdisciplinary Philosophy of Science, which is specifically suited for programs focusing at complex problems such as sustainability or health issues. The second example is a program for a course on (Philosophy of) Science in a Post-Truth Society. More examples are also available (e.g. a program in which Philosophy of Science is combined with Vision Development and Future Scenarios). In addition to the program, the author can also provide a workbook with lesson plans, both for online and on campus settings as well as additional literature suggestions for Dutch and French programmes. Please contact us at marketing@aup.nl for questions or extra material.
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Hayes, Rick, Philip Wallage, and Peter Eimers. Principles of International Auditing and Assurance. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720069.
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The first textbook based upon International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), this fully revised and updated fourth edition presents a structured approach to auditing principles using ISAs as its basis. The International Standards on Auditing are now widely regarded as the global benchmark for auditing standards and as such an important audit quality indicator. This book describes the developments and practical use of all ISAs, as well as significant national standards in different countries. The new edition has been updated in line with International Standards and presents a truly International perspective. The book provides students with a real-world perspective as close to current auditing practice and thinking as possible. Key features: Structure of the book following the four phases of the audit process Coverage of the latest auditing insights including technology and automated tools & techniques (data analytics) Updates of the most recent auditing & assurance standards, including ISA 315 and 540 Highlighting the broader range of assurance engagements Practice exam-style questions with end-of-chapter answers And take a look at the book website here, for more information and extra materials for both tutors and students.
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Nations, United. The United Nations and the advancement of women, 1945-1996. New York: Dept. of Public Information, United Nations, 1996.
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19
Danckaert, Lieven. The Development of Latin Clause Structure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759522.001.0001.
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The focus of this book is Latin word order, and in particular the relative ordering of direct objects and lexical verbs (OV vs. VO), and auxiliaries and non-finite verbs (VAux vs. AuxV). One aim of the book is to offer a first detailed, corpus-based description of these two word order alternations, with special emphasis on their diachronic development in the period from ca. 200 BC until 600 AD. The corpus data reveal that some received wisdom needs to be reconsidered. For one thing, there is no evidence for any major increase in productivity of the order VO during the eight centuries under investigation. In addition, the order AuxV only becomes more frequent in clauses with a modal verb and an infinitive, not in clauses with a BE-auxiliary and a past participle. A second goal is to answer a more fundamental question about Latin syntax, namely whether or not the language is ‘configurational’, in the sense that a phrase structure grammar (with ‘higher-order constituents’ such as verb phrases) is needed to describe and analyse facts of Latin word order. Four pieces of evidence are presented which suggest that Latin is indeed a fully configurational language, despite its high degree of word order flexibility. Specifically, it is shown that there is ample evidence for the existence of a verb phrase constituent. The book thus contributes to the ongoing debate whether configurationality (phrase structure) is a language universal or not.
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Chan, Emily Ying Yang. Introduction: An example of programme development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0001.
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In Asia, people living in disaster-prone rural communities are often characterized by being ethnic-minority-based, living in extreme poverty (less than US$1.25/person/day), and lacking technical ‘know-how’ or resources for disaster preparedness. After disasters, these rural communities are often left to manage their own post-disaster health risks and have to face the post-disaster development challenges alone, particularly those of public health. This chapter discusses the Ethnic Minority Health Project (EMHP) of The Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) in China since 2009, including its background, goal, project structure, and main areas of interventions. This project serves as an example of how a bottom-up health and disaster risk reduction programme may be established.
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Braginsky, O. B., G. M. Tatevosyan, S. V. Sedova, and R. Sh Magomedov. The economic mechanism of development programs: the interaction of economic instruments. CEMI RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0787-9.
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The preprint presents the economic mechanism of investment programs and analyzes its components: specific indicators for evaluating the investment part of developmental programs are proposed; a specific pricing for products manufactured as a result of the implementation of investment projects; a system of financing developmental programs based on the optimal ratio of budget funds, reinvested profits and credit. The empirical base of the study is made up of materials from the petrochemical complex. In this regard, the world trends in the development of petrochemical chemistry and the situation in the petrochemical complex of Russia are considered. Recommendations are given regarding the development of the petrochemical industry of Russia. A multi-criteria optimization model that implements the presented economic mechanism and is intended to form variants of the structure of the governmental program for industrial and regional (territorial) development is developed. The results of a computer experiment are presented. Variants of a conditional program for the development of the Russian oil and gas chemical complex showing the positive impact of the proposed economic mechanism on the structure and indicators of the program are developed.
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Janssen-Lauret, Frederique, ed. Quine, Structure, and Ontology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864288.001.0001.
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Contemporary work on ontology, logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language still owes much to W.V. Quine. Nevertheless his views are now often dismissed because of mistaken or overly simplified conceptions of his philosophy. The development of his views over time are often overlooked, and in particular the growing importance of a kind of structuralism to his system as it evolved. This volume provides a fuller, richer picture of Quine’s views and their development. It is the first to investigate Quine’s views on structure and how it permeates and shapes his attitude to a range of philosophical questions. It includes contributions by world-famous philosophers and experts in a range of subfields including philosophical logic, philosophy of language, history of philosophy, mathematics, philosophy of time, and set theory. Chapters by Michael Resnik, Frederique Janssen-Lauret and Fraser MacBride, John Collins, Jaroslav Peregrin, and Paul Gregory explore whether Quine’s structuralism is epistemological, language-based, or ontological. Greg Frost-Arnold, Robert Sinclair, and Gary Kemp and Andrew Lugg explore Quine’s views on structure from a historical point of view. Nathan Salmón, Gila Sher, Marianna Antonutti Marfori, and Natalja Deng consider Quine’s views on the structure of logic, language, and theories in relation to contemporary philosophy, specifically ontology, the philosophy of logic and mathematics, philosophy of set theory, and philosophy of time.
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Bank, Leslie, Nico Cloete, and François van Schalkwyk. Anchored in Place: Rethinking the university and development in South Africa. African Minds, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331759.
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Tensions in South African universities have traditionally centred around equity (particularly access and affordability), historical legacies (such as apartheid and colonialism), and the shape and structure of the higher education system. What has not received sufficient attention, is the contribution of the university to place-based development. This volume is the first in South Africa to engage seriously with the place-based developmental role of universities. In the international literature and policy there has been an increasing integration of the university with place-based development, especially in cities. This volume weighs in on the debate by drawing attention to the place-based roles and agency of South African universities in their local towns and cities. It acknowledges that universities were given specific development roles in regions, homelands and towns under apartheid, and comments on why sub-national, place-based development has not been a key theme in post-apartheid, higher education planning. Given the developmental crisis in the country, universities could be expected to play a more constructive and meaningful role in the development of their own precincts, cities and regions. But what should that role be? Is there evidence that this is already occurring in South Africa, despite the lack of a national policy framework? What plans and programmes are in place, and what is needed to expand the development agency of universities at the local level? Who and what might be involved? Where should the focus lie, and who might benefit most, and why? Is there a need perhaps to approach the challenges of college towns, secondary cities and metropolitan centers differently? This book poses some of these questions as it considers the experiences of a number of South African universities, including Wits, Pretoria, Nelson Mandela University and especially Fort Hare as one of its post-centenary challenges.
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Leath, Claudia Beverly. CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR COMMUNITY-BASED LONG-TERM CARE (HEALTH CARE). 1994.
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25
Pridane, Aija, Natalja Vronska, and Iveta Lice-Zikmane. Development of Home Economics Education for Life Quality in Latvia. Edited by Vija Dislere. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/llu9789984483689.
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The research “Development of Home Economics Education for Life Quality in Latvia” is based on authors’ experience gained in long-term activities. The study is a scientific monograph, the materials is approbated in authors’ doctoral thesis and in scientific publications. The Home Economics education in Latvia has significantly changed from the acquisition of a simple, practical, narrow specification profession to the conscious, all-around development of a pupil’s individuality aimed at awareness of the quality of life and purposeful action to improve its quality. The aim of the book is to introduce the public to different aspects of the development of Home Economics and Technologies (Design and Technology) education for life quality in Latvia at schools and at University level. This book describes the research done by authors within Home Economics and Technologies sphere during 2000-2020 years in Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies (LLU), Institute of Education and Home Economics. Here are described the historical development of the Home Economics from 19th century until nowadays in Latvia, the change of paradigm of Home Economics studies, relationship between various aspects of the education in Home Economics and Technologies in the context of sustainable development, methodology structure for training teachers of Home Economics and Technologies at University level, understanding of life quality criteria of Home Economics and Technologies education in elementary school, research of pupils nutrition habits; the Information and Communication Technology Integration Skills Development Model in Home Economics and Technologies education for prospective teachers based on transformative digital learning, integration and student-centred approach implementation in the study process. The book is intended for researchers, University lecturers, teachers, master students, students, and other interested parties. The book is print with the financial support of the Association “School of Home Environment”.
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Project, Baikal Drilling, ed. International project, "The Baikal Drilling Project": International investigations of the paleolimnological and tectonic development of the Baikal rift structure in terms of the international program "Global changes of the environment and climate in Central Asia based on sedimentological studies of Lake Baikal", Russia, U.S.A., Japan. [Russia: s.n., 1993.
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Binagwaho, Agnes. Twenty years of improving access to healthcare in Rwanda. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703327.003.0017.
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Chapter 17 describes the establishment and development of a patient-centred healthcare delivery platform in Rwanda, breaking geographic barriers by ensuring equitable distribution of health facilities aligned to the administrative structure of the country, and also by mitigating financial barriers with a community based insurance system that has provided coverage for more than 90% of the population by 2011. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to providing care that is community based, driven by Rwandan leaders with international support, and being part of the wider development of the country.
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Bluestein, Howard B. Tornadoes and Their Parent Convective Storms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.15.
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In the past four decades much has been discovered about tornado formation and structure from observations, laboratory models, and numerical-simulation experiments. Observations include nearby movies and photographs of tornadoes, fixed-site, airborne, and ground-based mobile Doppler radar remote measurements, and in situ measurements using instrumented probes. Laboratory models are vortex chambers and numerical-simulations are based on the governing fluid dynamical equations. However, questions remain: How and why do tornadoes form? and How does the wind field associated with them vary in space and time? Recent studies of tornadoes based on observations, particularly by radar, are detailed. The major aspects of numerically simulating a tornado and its formation are reviewed, and the dynamics of tornado formation and structure based on both observations and laboratory and numerical-simulation experiments are described. Finally, future avenues of research and suggested instrument development for furthering our knowledge are discussed.
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Bluestein, Howard B. Tornadoes and Their Parent Convective Storms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.15.
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In the past four decades much has been discovered about tornado formation and structure from observations, laboratory models, and numerical-simulation experiments. Observations include nearby movies and photographs of tornadoes, fixed-site, airborne, and ground-based mobile Doppler radar remote measurements, and in situ measurements using instrumented probes. Laboratory models are vortex chambers and numerical-simulations are based on the governing fluid dynamical equations. However, questions remain: How and why do tornadoes form? and How does the wind field associated with them vary in space and time? Recent studies of tornadoes based on observations, particularly by radar, are detailed. The major aspects of numerically simulating a tornado and its formation are reviewed, and the dynamics of tornado formation and structure based on both observations and laboratory and numerical-simulation experiments are described. Finally, future avenues of research and suggested instrument development for furthering our knowledge are discussed.
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Minelli, Alessandro. Evolvability and Its Evolvability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199377176.003.0007.
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No universally accepted notion of evolvability is available, focus being alternatively put onto either genetic or phenotypic change. The heuristic power of this concept is best found when considering the intricacies of the genotype→phenotype map, which is not necessarily predictable, expression of variation depending on the structure of gene networks and especially on the modularity and robustness of developmental systems. We can hardly ignore evolvability whenever studying the role of cryptic variation in evolution, the often pervious boundary between phenotypic plasticity and the expression of a genetic polymorphism, the major phenotypic leaps that the mechanisms of development can produce based on point mutations, or the morphological stasis that reveals how robust a developmental process can be in front of genetic change. Evolvability is subject itself to evolution, but it is still uncertain to what extent there is positive selection for enhanced evolvability, or for evolvability biased in a specific direction.
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Blisse, Holger, and Detlev Hummel. Raiffeisenbanks and Volksbanks for Europe. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.28.
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Co-operative banks have become an important part of the national banking systems in Europe since their creation as member-based organizations in the middle of the nineteenth century. They act together with their central institution(s) within a federal structure. Today, as a result of the crisis of financial markets, European regulation tends to prefer the type of a banking corporation. Co-operative banks, Volksbanks as well as Raiffeisenbanks, and their federal structure seem to be put under pressure to transform and to merge. As a result the number of banks (institutional diversity) and the diversity of banks’ legal forms decreases. This chapter recalls various phases of the history of the development of co-operative banks in Germany, concentrates on the switch from member-based to customer-oriented banks, and analyses strategies to reactivate a meaningful membership and to reposition these banks as responsible institutions for local and social problems.
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Zucker, Robert A., and Sandra A. Brown, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Adolescent Substance Abuse. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199735662.001.0001.
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This Handbook explores the origins, development, and course of substance use as it emerges and unfolds in adolescence. Given the large causal network involved in adolescent substance use and abuse as well as its powerful impact, both at the time of use and in terms of the long term outcomes and complications of use, the domains covered by this volume range from infancy to adulthood, and from molecular genetics to social policy. The book is organized into eight sections, beginning with a review of the conceptual framework. It explains why a developmental framework is essential in understanding the adolescent period and goes on to discuss the epidemiology of substance use and abuse. It then examines the similarities and differences among the different drugs of abuse, namely: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, prescription drugs, and other illicit drugs. The remaining sections deal with etiology and course in the context of adolescent development; the correlation between developmental tasks and adolescent substance abuse; clinical symptomatology and comorbidity; and the different assessment and intervention methods that have been developed to address the problem of adolescent alcohol and other drug abuse. These interventions include targeted prevention approaches, family-based treatments, twelve-step approaches, and inpatient and outpatient models. The book concludes with a chapter that analyzes the multi-level structure of public policy for the prevention of alcohol, tobacco, and drug problems among the youth.
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van der Hulst, Harry. The RcvP Model. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813576.003.0002.
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The theory of phonological structure (called ‘Radical CV Phonology’) is first outlined in Chapter 2. This theory is a development of Dependency Phonology. The chapter introduces a theory of elements and minimal vowel representations based on the Successive Division Algorithm. Other topics of relevance are underspecification, markednes, and enhancement. The model of Radical CV Phonology functions as the theoretical background of the set of elements that are active in the harmony systems that will be analyzed in Chapters 4–10 and is, as such, of interest to readers who want to know why we have these particular elements.
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Gamberini, Andrea. The Duke and the Culture of Individual Distinction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0017.
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The great challenge posed by the construction of a state based around a noble and princely structure led first of all to confrontation with those republican ideals that continued to guide large and small communities in their day-to-day operation. Once again, the Visconti and the Sforza did not merely set about seeking a peaceful modus vivendi, but attempted to dismantle competing cultures through the development of an alternative model of social organization, based on distinctions among men. Communitary egalitarianism was opposed by the valorization of individual excellence, which the prince acknowledged on the basis of status, wealth, and local influence. This resulted in a frontal attack on the political subjectivity of the communities, which, however, reacted in different ways in the cities and in the countryside. This chapter focuses on these aspects.
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Majumdar, Sumit K. India’s Growth Story. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0004.
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The chapter assesses economic structure and India’s detailed growth patterns. Economic growth is a three-stage process, with the agriculture sector, manufacturing sector, and the services sector following on in development. India has leapfrogged over sequences. India’s transition from agriculture to services, with industry’s share cursory, is a conundrum. In the first part of the 1950s, India grew well, based on the creation of a national industrial development system. In the 1960s and 1970s institutional mechanisms changed the environment negatively and led to growth decline. From the late 1970s, a pragmatic Bombay can-do spirit led to key policy initiatives and high growth in the 1980s. The early 1990s’ crisis motivated institutional disruption. A philosophy of discontinuity, driving crucial competition policy reforms, led to high growth till the late 2010s, when predatory and collusive behavior delegitimized institutional processes, leading to growth slowdown and the emergence of deindustrialization.
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Henrÿ, Hagen. Co-operative Principles and Co-operative Law Across the Globe. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.4.
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This chapter first outlines the legitimacy of measuring co-operative law by the internationally recognized co-operative principles, and the evolution of co-operative law across the globe over the past decades. Based thereupon it then suggests re-establishing the rationale for a co-operative law which distinguishes co-operatives from other types of enterprises, this rationale being the sustainable development enhancing diversity of enterprise types. The locus of competition/competitiveness is shifting from financial performance to the normative capacity of enterprises to contribute to sustainable development. Co-operatives have a competitive advantage in this respect. This chapter will therefore suggest how to translate this capacity into the legal structure of co-operatives. It does so against the background of the economic, political, sociological, and socio-psychological changes and challenges, of which globalization is both cause and effect, and which impact the co-operative values and the notion of (co-operative) law and of law-making.
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Porcu, Elisabetta. Contemporary Japanese Buddhist Traditions. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.48.
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Based on the premise that there is no single and homogeneous Japanese Buddhism but a multifaceted religious tradition resulting from a long history of adaptations and cross-cultural interactions, this chapter explores some aspects of Buddhism in Japan, including Buddhism-based new religious movements, in connection to the challenges of contemporary society. These include the structure of today’s temples in terms of membership and activities, issues of politics and social engagement closely linked to the role of Buddhism in the public sphere, the innovative ways through which Buddhist institutions are reacting to a deeply mediatized society, and overseas developments. Before proceeding to the contemporary period, the chapter provides a brief overview of the historical developments of Buddhism from its inception to the postwar period.
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Cohen, Richard I., ed. David Silberklang, Gates of Tears: The Holocaust in the Lublin District. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2013. 497 pp. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0018.
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This chapter reviews the book Gates of Tears: The Holocaust in the Lublin District (2013), by David Silberklang. Gates of Tears tells the story of the administrative structure of the Lublin district in Poland during the Holocaust. It explores forced population movements during the first year of German occupation, forced labor, resettlements and ghettos during 1940 and 1941, deportations, and the forced labor camps after 1942. Silberklang analyzes the interplay of center and periphery within the Nazi Party apparatus in the development of German policy toward the Jews, refracted through the multiple lenses of the civil administration and the security bureaucracy. The book, based on massive archival research, highlights the importance of regional history and local studies for historians of the Holocaust in Poland.
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Martin, Colin J., John Le Heron, and Penelope Allisy-Roberts. Radiation protection legislation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0005.
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Radiation protection standards and practice have been developed through the cooperationof international organizations able to call upon experts from around the world. The ICRP hasbeen central to this development, establishing through its recommendations the principles ofjustification, optimization, and dose limitation that have been the foundations of radiationprotection practice for over 30 years. The IAEA, under the auspices of the UN, establishessafety standards based on ICRP recommendations which all countries can use in developingtheir own regulations and codes. Other groupings of countries such as the EU develop theirown standards or directives which are then enacted in the national legislation of memberstates. Brief descriptions of the legislative structure in a selection of countries are included toprovide an indication of the range of systems in place.
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Cox, Josephine H., Stuart Z. Shapiro, Liza Dawson, Cynthia Geppert, Andrew M. Siegel, and M. Patricia D’Souza. Vaccines for The Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0032.
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While the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues, the overall incidence of HIV infections has fallen through use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and multiple prevention modalities. To achieve a durable end to the pandemic and avoid the requirement for daily antiretroviral medication over a lifetime, a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine remains essential. This chapter reviews current advances in prophylactic and therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine strategies and the challenges that lie ahead. Recent success in isolation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from infected individuals, the discovery of mechanisms of bnAb induction, and progress in understanding mechanisms of CD8 T-cell killing of HIV-infected cells and the structure of the HIV envelope trimer have opened new strategies for HIV vaccine design. On the therapeutic front, the persistence of HIV reservoirs remains a formidable obstacle to achieving sustained virological remission in HIV-infected individuals after ART is discontinued. Development of a new generation of immune-based therapeutic agents might contribute to a curative intervention. The chapter closes with an overview of ethical challenges in vaccine development and clinical testing.
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Dalrymple, Mary, John J. Lowe, and Louise Mycock. The Oxford Reference Guide to Lexical Functional Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733300.001.0001.
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This is the most comprehensive reference work on Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), which will be of interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students, academics, and researchers in linguistics and in related fields. Covering the analysis of syntax, semantics, morphology, prosody, and information structure, and how these aspects of linguistic structure interact in the nontransformational framework of LFG, this book will appeal to readers working in a variety of sub-fields, including researchers involved in the description and documentation of languages, whose work continues to be an important part of the LFG literature The book consists of three parts. The first part examines the syntactic theory and formal architecture of LFG, with detailed explanation and comprehensive illustration, providing an unparalleled introduction to the fundamentals of the theory. The second part of the book explores nonsyntactic levels of linguistic structure, including the syntax-semantics interface and semantic representation, argument structure, information structure, prosodic structure, and morphological structure, and how these are related in the projection architecture of LFG. The third part of the book illustrates the theory more explicitly by presenting explorations of the syntax and semantics of a range of representative linguistic phenomena: modification, anaphora, control, coordination, and long-distance dependencies. The final chapter discusses LFG-based work not covered elsewhere in the book, as well as new developments in the theory.
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Kaufman, Daniel. Lexical Category and Alignment in Austronesian. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.24.
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Philippine-type languages are often cited as exemplifying a cross-linguistically unique voice system, in which verb morphology can select not only an agent or patient, but also locative, instrumental and other adjunct type relations as the nominative argument. In this paper, we examine three approaches to this typologically remarkable system: the ergative analysis, the case agreement analysis and the nominalization analysis, arguing for the latter based on strong parallels between verbal and nominal predication from the root level to the clause level. The morphologically symmetric nature of Philippine-type languages is argued to stem from their nominal roots. The historical development of verbal roots leads to a more fixed argument structure in which canonical ergative languages develop. Mamuju, an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia, is offered as an example of a classically ergative language, in contrast to Philippine-type systems.
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Crawford, James. Brownlie's Principles of Public International Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198737445.001.0001.
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Serving as a single-volume introduction to the field as a whole, Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law seeks to present international law as a system that is based on, and helps structure, relations among states and other entities at the international level. It aims to identify the constituent elements of that system in a clear way. This ninth edition has been completely updated to take account of the many developments in international law that have occurred since the 8th edition (2012).
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Sweet, Alec Stone, and Clare Ryan. Beyond Borders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825340.003.0007.
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This chapter charts the growing capacity of the European Court to protect the rights of those who are not citizens of member states of the Council of Europe. The Court’s sustained commitment to robustly enforcing the right to life, the prohibition of torture and inhuman treatment, and the right to a court and judicial remedy facilitated the development of three strains of cosmopolitan jurisprudence. The first operationalizes the Kantian principle of hospitality, covering expulsion, extradition, and the treatment of refugees. The second extends protections to persons whose rights have been violated by states who are not parties to the Convention, or by state parties exercising jurisdiction outside of Convention territory. The third instantiates dialogues with other treaty-based regimes when it comes to overlapping obligations to protect rights. These dialogues suggest that constitutional pluralism is an emergent property of the structure of international law beyond Europe.
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Solymar, L., D. Walsh, and R. R. A. Syms. Principles of semiconductor devices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0009.
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p–n junctions are examined initially and the potential distribution in the junction region is derived based on Poisson’s equation. Next the operation of the transistor is discussed, both in terms of the physics and of equivalent circuits. Potential distributions in metal–semiconductor junctions are derived and the concept of surface states is introduced. The physics of tunnel junctions is discussed in terms of their band structure. The properties of varactor diodes are described and the possibility of parametric amplification is touched upon. Further devices discussed are field effect transistors, charge-coupled devices, controlled rectifiers, and the Gunn effect. The fabrication of microelectronic circuits is discussed, followed by the more recent but related field of micro-electro-mechanical systems. The discipline of nanoelectronics is introduced including the role of carbon nanotubes. Finally, the effect of the development of semiconductor technology upon society is discussed.
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Peter, Ehlers. Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 2 The Work of the UNESCO-IOC in Respect of Global Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses on the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), a separate unit of UNESCO, in respect to global ocean governance. The functions of IOC are part of the system of ocean governance, based on 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Its purpose is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacity building, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. The chapter first provides an overview of IOC’s purpose and organisational structure, its collaboration with international organizations with regard to ocean governance, and its ocean governance-related activities before discussing the ways in which it contributes to capacity building and enhancing ocean governance.
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Lohman, Laura. Hail Columbia! Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190930615.001.0001.
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This book examines music as political expression in the early American republic from the post-revolutionary era through the aftermath of the War of 1812. Americans used music as a discursive tool during every major political development. The nation’s leaders faced challenges ranging from threats to the structure of the government to impressment, all amid the nearly constant threat of embroilment in European war and insecurity about the republic’s viability. Americans responded by using music to protest, stifle protest, propagandize, and vie for political dominance. Through music they persuaded, intimidated, lauded, legitimated, and demonized their fellow Americans based on their political beliefs and actions. In music they debated crucial questions about the roles and rights of citizens, the structure of government, and the pursuit of peace and prosperity. They used music to construct powerful narratives about the nation’s history, values, and institutions; to celebrate the accomplishments of country, community, and individual; and to reinforce a sense of identity in national and partisan terms. Organized chronologically, chapters address musical forms of propaganda during ratification of the Constitution, musical expression of transnational revolutionary aspirations, Federalist and Republican narratives of political legitimacy in music, political debates in music during the embargo years, and musical myth-making during the War of 1812. The conclusion summarizes this music’s reception through the remainder of the nineteenth century.
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Terpstra, Taco. Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691172088.001.0001.
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From around 700 BCE until the first centuries CE, the Mediterranean enjoyed steady economic growth through trade, reaching a level not to be regained until the early modern era. This process of growth coincided with a process of state formation, culminating in the largest state the ancient Mediterranean would ever know, the Roman Empire. Subsequent economic decline coincided with state disintegration. How are the two processes related? This book investigates how the organizational structure of trade benefited from state institutions. Although enforcement typically depended on private actors, traders could utilize a public infrastructure, which included not only courts and legal frameworks but also socially cohesive ideologies. The book details how business practices emerged that were based on private order yet took advantage of public institutions. Focusing on the activity of both private and public economic actors, the book illuminates the complex relationship between economic development and state structures in the ancient Mediterranean.
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Stevenson, Randall. Reading the Times. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474401555.001.0001.
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From the Prime Meridian Conference of 1884 to the celebration of the millennium in 2000; from the fiction of Joseph Conrad and Virginia Woolf to the novels of William Gibson and W.G. Sebald, Reading the Times offers fresh insight into modern narrative. It shows how profoundly the structure and themes of the novel depend on attitudes to the clock and to the sense of history’s progress, tracing their origins in technologic, economic and social change. It offers a new and powerful way of understanding the relations of history with narrative form, outlining their development and demonstrating – through incisive analyses of a very wide range of texts from late C19th to early C21st – their key role in shaping fictional narrative throughout this period. The result is a highly innovative literary history of the twentieth-century fiction, based on an inventive, enabling method of understanding literature in relation to history – in terms, in every sense, of its reading of its times.
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Müller, Timo. The African American Sonnet. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496817839.001.0001.
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Some of the most famous African American poems are sonnets: Claude McKay’s “If We Must Die,” Countee Cullen’s “Yet Do I Marvel,” Gwendolyn Brooks’s “First fight. Then fiddle.” Few readers realize that these poems come from a rich tradition of more than a thousand sonnets written by African American poets over a century and a half. The African American Sonnet: A Literary History traces this forgotten tradition from the nineteenth century to the present. Based on extensive archival research, the study demonstrates that closer attention to the sonnet modifies our understanding of key developments in African American literary history. Each chapter addresses such a development: the struggle over the legacy of the Civil War, the trajectories of Harlem Renaissance protest, the tensions between folk art and transnational perspectives in the thirties, the vernacular modernism of the post-war period, the cultural nationalism of the Black Arts movement, and the disruptive strategies of recent experimental poetry. Throughout this rich history, the study argues, sonnets have been “troubling spaces” in more ways than one. The sonnet became a contested space when black poets appropriated the “scanty plot of ground” (Wordsworth) from which they had long been excluded. The sonnets written by these poets troubled the material and discursive boundaries African Americans have been facing in a society organized around racial inequality. The confrontation and subversion of boundaries is inscribed into the very structure of the sonnet, which made it a preferred testing ground for such strategies in the literary realm.