Dissertations / Theses: 'Structure cognitive'

1

Sodré, Andréia Brandão Daltro. "KittyCat: a cognitive model of structure-form discovery." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/12442.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Andréia Brandão Daltro Sodré (andreia.bdsodre@gmail.com) on 2014-11-12T19:16:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Andreia Upload.pdf: 1696600 bytes, checksum: a36857c678f55a7f75214bfa5d34414f (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2014-11-14T13:49:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Andreia Upload.pdf: 1696600 bytes, checksum: a36857c678f55a7f75214bfa5d34414f (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-11-17T11:30:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Andreia Upload.pdf: 1696600 bytes, checksum: a36857c678f55a7f75214bfa5d34414f (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-17T11:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Andreia Upload.pdf: 1696600 bytes, checksum: a36857c678f55a7f75214bfa5d34414f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-09
Cognition is a core subject to understand how humans think and behave. In that sense, it is clear that Cognition is a great ally to Management, as the later deals with people and is very interested in how they behave, think, and make decisions. However, even though Cognition shows great promise as a field, there are still many topics to be explored and learned in this fairly new area. Kemp & Tenembaum (2008) tried to a model graph-structure problem in which, given a dataset, the best underlying structure and form would emerge from said dataset by using bayesian probabilistic inferences. This work is very interesting because it addresses a key cognition problem: learning. According to the authors, analogous insights and discoveries, understanding the relationships of elements and how they are organized, play a very important part in cognitive development. That is, this are very basic phenomena that allow learning. Human beings minds do not function as computer that uses bayesian probabilistic inferences. People seem to think differently. Thus, we present a cognitively inspired method, KittyCat, based on FARG computer models (like Copycat and Numbo), to solve the proposed problem of discovery the underlying structural-form of a dataset.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Pedraza, Otto. "On the latent structure of cognitive malingering a multivariate taxometric analysis /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006261.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 122 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Roberts, Patricia Isobel. "An investigation into the structure of numerical cognition." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/322172.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis reports work relating to theoretical frameworks in the area of numerical cognition that have been developed by McCloskey, Caramazza & Basili (1985), Clark & Campbell (1991), Dehaene (1992) and Noel & Seron (1992). The associations between numerical cognition and memory processes in relation to the working memory model of Baddeley (1986) were investigated. The first study used the factor analytic method to elucidate the factor structure of the processes that underlie numerical cognition, and to investigate the various components of the working memory model in relation to arithmetic. A battery of 21 tests was administered to 100 participants. The contribution of the factor analytic study to the structure of numerical cognition is discussed. An examination of the factors (labelled 'access to representations' and 'working memory') identified specific aspects of numerical cognition that were investigated further using experimental methods. The data on magnitude comparisons of numbers and animals that have been found to load onto Factor 1 were reanalysed. Similar patterns were found with the two types of stimuli in some cases. This suggested that Dehaene's notion of a 'number line' might not be specific to numbers. To build on the investigation of magnitude comparisons two experiments were carried out using the dual task paradigm. The results confirmed that magnitude judgements are represented at the level of semantic processing and may not be specific to numbers. The subitizing circles test was also found to load onto Factor 1. This raised a question about the common processes that may be involved both in this test and in other tests loading on that factor. A dual task experiment was used to investigate that possibility. It appeared from the results that the verbally presented tasks in the control and experimental groups produced interference with the s ubitizing task. This result lent support for the view that subitizing is an early pre-lexical perceptual process, possibly based on canonical representations ofthe stimuli. Complex addition and multiplication loaded onto Factor 2, 'working memory' and a further dual task experiment was conducted to investigate the speCUlative view held by Aschraft (1995), that the visuo-spatial sketchpad may playa role in arithmetic problem solving. The results lent support for the view held by Aschraft (1995) of the involvement of the visual-spatial component of working memory in the calculation of multi-digit addition problems. Thus the research reported in this thesis has used a range of investigative techniques and data analysis, with the aim of clarifying the scope and the limitations of major recent models of numerical cognition and the role of working memory in numerical processing. The results of the research programme supported those models which link numerical cognition with other forms of mental processing by identifying specific ways in which diverse numerical processes such as magnitude comparison, subitizing and the calculation of multi-digit problems draw on forms of processing associated with other types of stimuli.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pierson, Eric E. McBride Dawn M. "Mood and memory mapping the cognitive-emotive structure /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390309741&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1203095001&clientId=43838.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.
Title from title page screen, viewed on February 15, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Dawn M. McBride (chair), Alvin E. House, Karla J. Doepke, Robert Peterson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-100) and abstract. Also available in print.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bloom, Paul 1963. "Semantic structure and language development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13686.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

O'Bryan, Erin Leigh. "Event structure in language comprehension." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289983.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation presents and evaluates the hypothesis that event structure information such as telicity is used during language comprehension. A verb or verb phrase is telic if it denotes an event that necessarily progresses towards an endpoint. The major experimental finding presented in this dissertation is that garden pathing is less severe in reduced relative clause sentences with telic embedded verbs than in those with atelic embedded verbs. For example, in the structurally ambiguous sentence 'The actress awakened/sketched by the writer left in a hurry', less comprehension difficulty occurs on the word 'by' when the embedded verb is telic ('awakened') than when it is atelic ('sketched'). On-line measures of comprehension difficulty in three different experimental paradigms showed this result at the earliest disambiguation point (on the by-phrase). Two of these paradigms involved comprehension in reading, and the third one involved spoken language comprehension. These experiments also included the factor of obligatory transitivity: whether or not the verb requires a direct object. The results show that telicity and obligatory transitivity both immediately affect the severity of the garden path independently of each other. In order to address the issue of how to categorize verb phrases as telic or atelic, I conducted a computerized study which collected semantic judgments and grammaticality judgments on verb phrases used in three classic telicity tests from the event structure literature. The participants in the study were 24 English-speaking students in an introductory linguistics course. The results provide preliminary evidence that sentence frames, such as the adverbials 'for an hour' and 'in an hour', provide an objective means of categorizing verb phrases as telic or atelic. The research strongly suggests that verb telicity information should be included in models of human language comprehension. I discuss means of including telicity in several pre-existing comprehension models. The account that best explains the telicity and transitivity effects taken together is based on identifying canonical sentence patterns associated with thematic roles, as proposed by Townsend and Bever (2001). The information that a verb is inherently telic activates the use of an NV(N) template with an obligatory theme role.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Tseng, Winger Sei-wo. "Functional knowledge and structure of sketching behaviour." Thesis, Coventry University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323036.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ozkan, Aysegul. "Structure And Process: Prospects For Theories Of Cognitive Science." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612784/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Different theories of cognitive science propose different system descriptions in their models for the explanation of cognitive phenomena. According to one view, they are incompatible and competing theories. The view is defended by theorists and philosophers from different perspectives and they all claim that the proper conception of cognition is the conception provided by the theory which they advocate. The other view, on the other hand, insists on the compatibility of those theories. According to this view which is also defended here, these different theories are not only compatible, but also they are complementary. The cooperation of these theories and integration of the conceptions provided by these theories are needed to have a full account of cognition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Martin, Suzanne Michele. "Ontological knowledge structure of intuitive biology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290010.

Full text

Abstract:

It has become increasingly important for individuals to understand infections disease, as there has been a tremendous rise in viral and bacterial disease. This research examines systematic misconceptions regarding the characteristics of viruses and bacteria present in individuals previously educated in biological sciences at a college level. 90 pre-nursing students were administered the Knowledge Acquisition Device (KAD) which consists of 100 True/False items that included statements about the possible attributes of four entities: bacteria, virus, amoeba, and protein. Thirty pre-nursing students, who incorrectly stated that viruses were alive, were randomly assigned to three conditions. (1) exposed to information about the ontological nature of viruses, (2) Information about viruses, (3) control. In the condition that addressed the ontological nature of a virus, all of those participants were able to classify viruses correctly as not alive; however any items that required inferences, such as viruses come in male and female forms or viruses breed with each other to make baby viruses were still incorrectly answered by all conditions in the posttest. It appears that functional knowledge, ex. If a virus is alive or dead, or how it is structured, is not enough for an individual to have a full and accurate understanding of viruses. Ontological knowledge information may alter the functional knowledge but underlying inferences remain systematically incorrect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Rizzi, Emanuele. "The Coordinative Structure of Polyrhythmic Performance and Korte’s Third Law." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420648641.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Saygin, Zeynep Mevhibe. "Structure-function relationships in human brain development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77843.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Page 125 blank.
Includes bibliographical references.
The integration of anatomical, functional, and developmental approaches in cognitive neuroscience is essential for generating mechanistic explanations of brain function. In this thesis, I first establish a proof-of-principle that neuroanatomical connectivity, as measured with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), can be used to calculate connectional fingerprints that are sufficient to delineate fine anatomical distinctions in the human brain (Chapter 2). Next, I describe the maturation of structural connectivity patterns by applying these connectional fingerprints to over a hundred participants ranging from five to thirty years of age, and show that these connectional patterns have different developmental trajectories (Chapter 3). I then illustrate how anatomical connections may shape (or in turn be shaped by) function and behavior, within the framework of reading ability and describe how white matter tract integrity may predict future acquisition of reading ability in children (Chapter 4). I conclude by summarizing how these experiments offer testable hypotheses of the maturation of structure and function. Studying the complex interplay between structure, function, and development will get us closer to understanding both the constraints present at birth, and the effect of experience, on the biological mechanisms underlying brain function.
by Zeynep Mevhibe Saygin.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Landy, David. "Formal notations as diagrams of abstract structure." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278244.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Computer Science and Cognitive Science, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 11, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 6350. Advisers: Robert L. Goldstone; Michael Gasser.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Sluming, Vanessa Anne. "Structure and function of prefrontal cortex in professional musicians." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250356.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Batamuriza, Florance, Tobias Berg, and Tony Hatami. "Strategic understanding : A qualitative study on similarities and differences in perceptions of strategy." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-462.

Full text

Abstract:

In today’s society, strategy becomes more important because of the ever fast changing environment. Companies all around the world set strategies, in order to grow and earn a profit, and wish for them to be implemented the way they were intended to be. Therefore, we believe it is important to investigate individuals’ perceptions of firm strategy.

The purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate individuals’ perception and understanding of firm strategy, and to see how these perceptions show similarities and differences. Our aim is also to see how cognitive mapping in relation to a strategic model can be helpful both for practitioners and researchers.

Collection of primary data was done by interviewing five employees on different hierarchical levels in Company X that is active in multiple different business areas both in Sweden and abroad. The interviews were later analysed with the help of theories such as cognitive structures and maps, and Whittington’s (2001) generic perspective of strategy. This model recognizes four approaches to strategizing, namely Classical, Evolutionary, Systemic and Processual. The two former ones have a Profit-maximizing outcome, while the latter two are Pluralistic in outcome.

During the analysis we found some similarities and differences. It was found that not all employees, individually or together, could be categorised under one specific approach. It is hypothesized that this could be because of the fact that they are at different levels and positions in the company, but they had similar perception on long-term planning as a firm strategy.

The interviewees in Company X have shown different perceptions when relating to strategy. We come to the conclusion that it is important for managers and strategic decision makers that they understand and take the differences and similarities under consideration when delegating and injecting new strategies into a company. We think this could then help them to enhance an understanding of their own strategic organisation.

Although case studies tend to be subjective, this is pointed out as the main limitation of the methodology. The researchers’ interpretation of the interviews lay as the foundation of the analysis and conclusion, and in order to make the study as objective as possible, clear and relevant selection of theories and literature was used to support the claims made in the thesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Schnetzler, R. P. "A method for representing and comparing content and cognitive structures." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376086.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Steed, Judith L. "The cognitive structure of cocitation clusters associated with scientific specialties." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45670.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines one empirical manifestation of social order of two elite scientific communities. This project examines the cognitive order or structure of the cocitation cluster of papers representative of each group.

The method reported in this paper retrieves the cognitive structures of cocitation clusters associated with scientific specialties. This method uses socially reinforced regularities in scientific writing styles, technical content and communicating techniques displayed in published scientific papers. A cognitive structure denotes a developmental outline of a scientific specialty's central ideas. This structure comprises of a series of principal statements and the linkages associating them. A principal statement is a single sentence extracted from a paper which exemplifies the paper as a whole. The linkages represent associations between sentences such as refinement of previously stated ideas, confirmation of previous findings, even contradiction of previous conclusions, and others. I apply this method to two independent clusters of papers each representing a biology group: Australia Antigen and Lâ Dopa specialties, respectively. The resultant cognitive structures are compare to accounts of specialty cognitive development created by a previous study of the same specialty groups performed by Mullins et al. (1977) and (1980).

Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Dick, Warren Harlan. "The Russian verbal prefix po- as an invariant cognitive structure /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487586889189263.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

AndÅ, Hiroshi. "Dynamic reconstruction and integration of 3D structure information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12360.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Smetters, Diana Kathryn. "Electronic structure and synaptic integration in corical neurons." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11887.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Layton, Stuart Pope. "The temporal and bilateral structure of hippocampal replay." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81730.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D. in Neuroscience)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2013.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The hippocampus is required for the formation, but not storage, of long-term episodic memories. During memory formation, however, the hippocampus is not a lone actor; rather it works in concert with various structures across the brain. The mechanisms by which diverse populations of cells are coordinated for the formation of a single, coherent memory remain unknown. This thesis is an investigation of the temporal and hemispheric structure of replay events. The timing of replay is investigated at the levels of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and multi-unit activity. We found that, during sleep, ripples generation is modulated by a 10-15Hz rhythm. We also observed this rhythm in the multi-unit firing rate of hippocampal neurons. Next we investigated and quantified the level of coordination between the hippocampal during replay events. Using bilateral hippocampal recordings from several rats during spatial navigation and subsequent sleep epochs, we directly compared the activity of these two spatially isolated networks at the level of the local field potential and the information encoded by the two neuronal populations. We found that the neural activity of the two hippocampi was highly correlated in some aspects but not others. As previously reported in the mouse, we found that, in the rat, sharp-wave ripples were simultaneously generated spontaneously in both hippocampi and that, although the intrinsic frequencies of ripple oscillations were correlated bilaterally, the phases of the individual ripple wavelets were not. Finally, we found that information encoded by both hippocampal ensembles is highly correlated during replay events.
by Stuart Pope Layton.
Ph.D.in Neuroscience

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kim, John J. (John Jongwu). "Inflectional morphology and its interaction with word structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12487.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Chakroff, Aleksandr. "Discovering Structure in the Moral Domain." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467227.

Full text

Abstract:

Early moral psychologists identified the moral domain with a class of actions that negatively impacted the wellbeing of others or violated their rights. However, anthropological work suggested that this view failed to capture the full extent of the moral domain, which can include victimless actions (e.g., food taboos), especially among socially conservative or non-Western individuals. Which kinds of acts are included in the moral domain? Along which dimensions do the acts differ from one another? Paper 1 utilizes a data-driven approach to mapping the moral domain, revealing a simple two-factor structure that captures variance in moral judgments across individuals, as well as reliable cross-voxel pattern information within individual brains. The remaining papers investigate judgments of agents who perform “harmful” acts (e.g., assault) versus “impure” acts (e.g., incest), which are each representative of the separate factors discovered in Paper 1. In Paper 2, we see an asymmetry in people’s causal attributions for the actions of harmful versus impure agents: impure acts are judged as more internally generated, and less due to the situation, compared to harmful acts. This asymmetry is due to differences in abnormality, a key dimension along which the moral domain may be organized. Paper 3 probes agent evaluations: how are harmful and impure agents expected to act in other contexts? People expect harmful agents to be harmful but not impure. In contrast, people expect impure agents to be both impure and harmful. This effect is connected to a model of the moral domain with a conceptual “core” of dyadic harm, surrounded by a periphery of victimless moral violations. Together, this work highlights a simple structure in the moral domain that can explain moral judgments, causal attributions, action predictions, as well as patterns of activity in the cortex.
Psychology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Clavenstam, Isabell. "The Effect of Methamphetamine Abuse on Brain Structure and Function." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3106.

Full text

Abstract:

The great amount of METH abuse all over the world causes enormous social and criminal justice problems. In the human brain the abuse of METH causes implications on both structures and functions given rise to acute as well as long term symptoms. In this essay the effects of METH abuse is described in the manner of the drug mechanism such as the impact on neurotransmitters, structural deficits with decreased and increased volumes and the implication on attention, memory, decision making and emotions. Results from studies showing brain structural and cognitive impairments in METH abusers and in prenatal METH exposed children.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Bahar, Mchmet. "Investigation of biology students' cognitive structure through word association tests, mind maps and structural communication grids." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/39028/.

Full text

Abstract:

The primary aim of this research study was to investigate the cognitive structure (i.e. the relationship between concepts in mind) of biology students/pupils. Three techniques, namely Word Association Tests (in the topic "Genetics"), Mind Maps (in the topic "Seed Structure") and Structural Communication Grids (in the topics "Food Digestion, Chemistry of Respiration and Haemophilia") were used for this purpose. Furthermore, it was also planned to investigate the effect of some psychological factors (i.e. Field Dependence/Field Independence, Convergence/Divergence and Working Memory Capacity) on the relationship between concepts in students' long term memory as well as to reveal the relationship between these three psychological factors. 101 pupils at Higher Grade Biology (age 16-17) from four different secondary schools in the Central Belt of Scotland and around 400 first year biology students in Glasgow University have participated in this research. The results of the word association test (WAT) showed that students generated many ideas related to given key words. However, the results of both maps (in order to map the structures, relatedness coefficient values and response frequencies were used) clearly revealed that the ideas about genetics clustered as only a few isolated islands in students' cognitive structure and they did not appear to see the overall picture as a network of related ideas. In terms of the relationship between psychological factors and the WAT, only the Convergence/Divergence thinking style showed a significant relationship with the WAT. That is, students who had divergent thinking style gave a larger total number of responses and a wider range of responses to the key words in the WAT than the students who had convergent thinking style. Mind maps were used in this research study as an alternative to a linear way of planning essay writing and also to gain an insight into students' ideas lodged in cognitive structure. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference (in favour of mind mappers) between essay (on Seed Germination) marks of mind mappers and non-mind mappers. A statistically significant correlation between mind map scores and essay scores also appeared, indicating that students who drew better mind maps, had higher scores in essays. The examination of mind maps and the essays of the students also revealed that some students did not mention the same major ideas in their maps and in their essays. In addition, some misconceptions appeared in the students' mind maps as well as in their essays. In terms of the effect of psychological factors on mind mapping (only Convergence/Divergence thinking styles were examined), the mind maps of divergent students were more complex and branched than those of convergent students. For the secondary schools, the results of Structural Communication Grids (SCG) showed that pupils had misconceptions about the topics of "Food Digestion and the Chemistry of Respiration." SCG were also used as an evaluation tool for the first year biology students on the topic "Haemophilia." The effect of some psychological factors (i.e. Field Dependence/Field Independence and Convergence/Divergence) were also examined. The results revealed that overall performance of the field independent pupils in the grids was better than field dependent pupils. Pupils/students who had a divergent thinking style had higher scores than the pupils/students who had a convergent thinking style on grid questions. All results of these three techniques (i.e. word association tests, mind maps and structural communication grids) showed that they are very effective as diagnostic tools to illuminate the relationship between ideas in the long term memory of the students/pupils. Structural communication grids are also effective assessment tools. Implications for using these three techniques in the classroom as well as a self instructional method for students and as a supplement to the exams are also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Solé, Padullés Cristina. "Function and brain structure in aging with and without cognitive impairment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2705.

Full text

Abstract:

L'interès general d'aquest projecte de tesi doctoral es centra en l'estudi dels patrons d'activació cerebral subjacents a l'envelliment cognitiu, tant en condicions clíniques normals com patològiques (Alteració cognitiva relacionada amb l'edat, alteració cognitiva lleu o Alzheimer inicial). Per aquest motiu hem empleat la tècnica de la RMf i hem estudiat com diferents variables intrínseques i extrínseques als individus estudiats influeixen la seva activació cerebral.

En un primer estudi ens vam plantejar l'estudi de les relacions entre el cervell i conducta en subjectes envellits amb queixes subjectives de memòria, segons criteris de Levy (1994). Així, el primer objectiu era estudiar com una tècnica capaç de modificar l'excitabilitat cortical de forma transitòria, l'estimulació magnètica transcranial (EMT) podia modular l'activació cerebral observada amb RMf i de retruc influir l'execució d'una tasca d'aprenentatge.

Posteriorment, després d'haver observat un efecte facilitador de l'EMT en el rendiment en memòria d'aquest subjectes vam voler tenir en compte com el fet de ser portador de la variant ε4 del gen de l'apolipoproteïna E (APOE), podria modular l'activació cerebral després d'una sessió d'EMT. Aquest al.lel s'ha relacionat amb disfuncions de tipus tant metabòlic com d'activació cerebral durant la realització de tasques cognitives, similars als observats en la MA, per tant l'objectiu d'aquest estudi era veure com dos factors, un intrínsec (ser portador de ε4) i una altre extrínsec (EMT), ambdós amb un efecte conegut en l'activació cerebral s'influïen mútuament per modular els patrons funcionals i com això afectava en últim terme l'execució en memòria.

Seguint amb l'estudi de les diferències funcionals entre portadors ε4 i no ε4, ens va interessar determinar els patrons de connectivitat cerebral de l'hipocamp en aquests dos grups de subjectes, amb queixes de memòria, durant l'execució d'una tasca de memòria associativa.

Finalment, després d'haver observat les diferents graus de manifestacions clíniques en subjectes amb una neuropatologia equiparable o les diferències en patrons d'activació causades per un emergent patologia cerebral vam considerar l'estudi d'aquestes diferències individuals (descrites com a factors de reserva cognitiva) per investigar els seus efectes en la funció i estructura cerebral de subjectes envellits pertanyents a diferents categories clíniques (envelliment normal, ACL i MA).

En resum, els objectius específics de la tesi es podrien concretar en els següents punts:

1) Estudiar els efectes de l'Estimulació Magnètica Transcranial (EMT) en l'activitat cerebral i el rendiment cognitiu durant una prova d'aprenentatge visual en una mostra de pacients envellits amb queixes de memòria.

2) Estudiar els efectes de la interacció entre l'EMT i el genotip de l'APOE en una mostra de pacients amb queixes de memòria.

3) Estudiar com el fet de tenir un determinat genotip del polimorfisme de l'APOE podria afectar els patrons d'activitat i connectivitat cerebrals mentre es realitza una tasca d'aprenentatge en pacients amb alteració cognitiva relacionada amb l'edat.

4) Estudiar la influència de les variables de reserva cognitiva en l'estructura cerebral per tal de provar la hipòtesi de la reserva cerebral, així com investigar com un determinat nivell de reserva cognitiva pot influenciar els patrons d'activitat cerebral per tal d'explorar els models actius (compensació) en l'envelliment normal, ACL i MA inicial.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Mason, Elizabeth M. "Factor structure differences in cognitive abilities of LD and EH children." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/514851.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous empirical studies have been inconsistent in the identification of cognitive differences between LD and EH children on psychoeducational assessment batteries. Furthermore, studies using multivariate procedures such as discriminant analysis have failed to verify the basic underlying assumption of homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices of the groups. Homogeneity of covariance can be assessed by comparing factor structures of the two groups.The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitive differences between LD and EH children on a psychoeducational assessment battery Including the WISC-R, WRAT, PIAT, PPVT, and DVMI, typically used to identify the two exceptionalities. Differences In factor structures were investigated in an effort to clarify group differences in cognitive functioning, and to investigate the utility of multivariate analyses such as discriminant analysis with these two groups of children.The subjects were 1165 public school children, aged 6 to 16, referred for assessment and subsequently classified and served in special LD and EH programs. Four and five factor solutions were compared using the congruence coefficient to determine statistical similarities. The first three factors of each solution, Verbal Concepts, Verbal Achievement, and Visual Perceptual Reasoning, were found to be statistically similar in construct and interpretation. These results suggest that If the use of multivariate procedures in studying LD and EH group differences is limited to cognitive performance in the areas of verbal concepts, reading and spelling achievement, and visual perceptual reasoning skills, the results can be accepted as valid. The discriminant analysis would not likely be violating the homogeneity assumption.Differences were found in factor structures Involving the order of the factors extracted in terms of importance In explaining variance. Also, statistically significant differences were found between the factors Involving Math, Visual Motor, and Sequential skills, suggesting that multivariate analyses using these factors would likely violate the homogeneity assumption.Results indicate the presence of heterogeneity in the matrices of LD and EH children, and suggest caution in the interpretation of multivariate statistical analyses with these children. Violation of the assumption of homogeneity can invalidate statistical findings and their application to the study of group differences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Histon, Jonathan M. "The impact of structure on cognitive complexity in air traffic control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82250.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Vekiari, Konstantina. "The structure of social and cognitive development in Native American children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288931.

Full text

Abstract:

An important question in the area of child development is the nature of the relationship between social and cognitive development. Does cognitive development affect social competence, are there reciprocal effects between the two areas, or does social competence affect cognitive development? The present study investigated the direction of effect between social development and cognitive development in Native American children during early childhood. The study involved the secondary analysis of existing data from the Navajo Nation Transition Project. Data for one hundred and fifty-one children attending Kindergarten were used in the study. The children were graduates of Head Start, a program that offered services to promote the development of low-income children and their families. Cognitive and social developmental level in this study was measured by a measurement and planning system (MAPS) devised for the assessment of young children's developing ability through a path-referenced approach. A nonrecursive linear structural equation model was used to examine if there was a reciprocal relationship between social and cognitive development. The study revealed a direction of effect from cognitive development to social development. No reciprocal relationship was found between the two areas of development. Future research directions and implications were also addressed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Le, Forner Hélène. "Human capital inequalities : family structure matters." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E039/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Ces dernières décennies, la famille a connu des changements majeurs dans la majorité des pays de l’OCDE. D’une part, le taux de fertilité a baissé ; d’autre part, le nombre de séparation a fortement augmenté. Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les effets de ces changements de la structure familiale sur le capital humain des individus, en l’envisageant comme une nouvelle source d’inégalités. Dans un cadre micro-économique, cette thèse mobilise les outils économétriques pour les appliquer à de larges bases de données. Les trois chapitres de cette thèse présentent des résultats nouveaux sur l’effet de la séparation parentale et de la taille de la famille sur le capital humain de l’individu. Le premier chapitre porte sur l’effet de la séparation parentale en France sur la réussite professionnelle des individus, et montre un effet négatif de la séparation parentale sur le niveau d’étude et la position sociale de l’individu. En s’appuyant sur des données américaines, le second chapitre s’intéresse aux mécanismes expliquant cet effet, et en particulier, sur les changements du temps passé avec les parents. Ainsi, 30% de l’effet de la séparation parentale sur le développement socio-émotionnel des enfants serait expliqué par la baisse du temps passé avec au moins un parent présent. Le troisième chapitre considère un autre aspect de la structure familiale : la taille de la famille. Nous trouvons que l’arrivée d’un troisième enfant dans la famille diminue les compétences socio-émotionnelles des autres enfants, en particulier chez les filles
Family has known great transformations in the last decades in a large number of OECD countries. On one hand, fertility rates have decreased. On the other hand, the number of separations has increased sharply. This thesis asks whether these major changes of family structure affect child’s human capital, being a new source of inequalities. Using very large datasets and micro-econometric methods, the three chapters present original empirical evidence on whether parental separation and family size impact individual’s human capital. The first chapter studies the effect of parental separation in France on individual’s achievement, and find a negative effect of parental separation on individual’s educational attainment and social position. Using an American dataset, the second chapter asks whether this effect is driven by changes in time spent with parents, and find that 30% of the effect of parental separation on socio-emotional skills is explained by the decrease in time spent with at least one parent present. The third chapter accounts for another aspect of family structure: the number of children. Using a British dataset, we find that having a second sibling in the United Kingdom decreases the child’s socio-emotional skills, especially for girls

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Engin, Elif. "The Relationship Between Self-concept Structure And Behavioral Flexibility: A Model Relating Cognitive Structures To Behavioral Patterns." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605169/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Self-concept structure has been extensively studied in the literature especially with regard to its relationship with psychological adjustment. However, the behavioral outcomes of the cognitive structure of the self and the mechanisms through which the relationship between self-concept structure and psychological adjsutment operate are still to be maintained. This study offered that the two dimensions of self-concept structure, differention and integration, would be related to the two dimensions of behavioral flexibility: Behavioral repertoire and deliberate adjustment of behaviors. iv Differentiation, tapping behavioral repertoire, was assumed to determine whether a person is flexible or rigid, while integration tapping deliberate adjustment were supposed to determine the quality of flexibility (i.e., whether the repertoire is controlled by the individual or by situational factors). By crossing these two dimensions, a model with four behavioral patterns was proposed: (1) Functional flexibility, characterized by both high integration and high differentiation
(2) situational flexibility, characterized by high differentiation but low integration
(3) stereotypical rigidity, characterized by low differentiation but high integration, and (4) effacing rigidity, which is low on both dimensions. Three studies were conducted on university students (N = 163, N = 123 and N = 242 for the three studies respectively) in order to test this model. Results revealed that the behavioral repertoire dimension of behavioral flexibility was linked to selfconcept differentiation, whereas the deliberate adjustment dimension was related to selfconcept integration. Functional flexibility and effacing rigidity patterns were clearly specified by measures of psychological adjustment, locus of control, need for cognition, need for approval and Big Five dimensions. Stereotypical rigidity and situational flexibilty patterns, however, seemed to require more elaboration. The model offering that flexibility mediates the link between self-concept structure and self-esteem was not supported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Schurr, Kelly Laural. "Cognitive Structural Change and the Technological Design Process." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22014.

Full text

Abstract:

With increasing challenges from international competition and domestic demands for a technologically literate workforce, pressure is growing on the educational system to produce students that are literate in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Integrative STEM education utilizes design-based pedagogical approaches to teach science/math content and practices concurrently with technology/engineering content and practices (Wells & Ernst, 2012, para. 2). The discipline of technology education has traditionally implemented design-based pedagogical approaches. However, the discipline has not demonstrated through empirical research that its existence and pedagogies are beneficial to student learning and cognition (Lewis, 1999, 2006; Petrina, 1998; Wells, 2008, 2010; Zuga, 1994, 1997, 2001).
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the technological design-based approach to teaching biotechnology literacy supports students\' connections of science and technology concepts. Grounded in Ausubel\'s (1968) theory on meaningful learning and Novak\'s (1980) advanced organizer of concept mapping, this study examined evidence of high school students\' cognitive structural change throughout the technological design-based approach to instruction. At three key intervals throughout the technological design process, students developed concept maps to document their understanding of the biology and technology concepts presented within the instructional materials. Data for this study included the students\' constructed concept maps. To analyze the concept maps, the researcher used Hay et al.\'s (2008) three-method analysis for measuring the quality of students\' learning, and a qualitative analysis.
Data analysis across all four methods indicated that all participants experienced a varying degree of growth in biology, technology, and integrative concepts and connections. Collectively this study supports the notion that the technological design-based approach to instruction does indeed (1) encourage meaningful learning, and (2) increase students\' use of higher order thinking indicated by their abilities to demonstrate their use of schematic and strategic knowledge within their concept maps. The results of this study have direct implications within the areas of Technology Education, Science Education, classroom practice, and concept mapping. The discussion and implications suggest the need to expand the research conducted within this study, and to improve the methods for concept mapping analysis.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Thrash, Stephen Tyler. "On the Origin of the Default Categorical Structure in Spatial Memory." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366297530.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Popescu, Tudor. "The structure of the mathematical brain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a6f9fd8a-e753-439b-80da-8adb783cf12e.

Full text

Abstract:

Humans have an innate ability to deal with numerosity and other aspects of magnitude. This ability is generally honed through education in and experience with mathematics, which necessarily changes the brain structurally and functionally. These changes can be further manipulated through non-invasive electrical brain stimulation. Studying these processes in the case of maths not only constitutes research of great practical impact – given the importance of numerical skills in today's society – but also makes use of maths as a suitable domain in which to study plasticity. In this thesis, I aimed to explore how expertise with numbers shapes brain and behaviour, and also the degree to which processing numbers is similar to other domains in terms of the necessity of healthy brain regions believed to underlie normal processing within and across these domains. In Study 1, behavioural and structural brain differences were found cross-sectionally between mathematicians and non-mathematicians. A double dissociation between those groups was found between grey matter density in the frontal lobe and behavioural performance: their correlation was positive for mathematicians but negative for controls. These effects may have been caused by years of experience, by congenital predispositions, or, plausibly, by both of these factors, whose disambiguation is non-trivial. Study 2 used transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) to assist arithmetic learning. A novel montage was used to enhance brain function during the stage when it is believed to be most involved. Real as compared to sham tRNS enhanced reaction times (RTs) and learning rate on a calculation-based task, but not on a retrieval-based task. The effects were only observed in conditions of high task difficulty. Study 3 examined structural MRI measures before and after arithmetic training to determine how either frontal or parietal tRNS applied with the task changes the structure of the brain longitudinally as compared to sham. Previous results (including those of Study 2) of behavioural facilitation in terms of enhanced RTs to calculation problems were replicated, and further interpreted. Both frontal and parietal tRNS modulated the changes that occurred, pre-to-post training, in terms of cortical volume and gyrification of frontal, parietal and temporal areas. Study 4 investigated the shared neural and cognitive resources used for processing numerical magnitude and musical pitch, by probing how stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effects for each of the two dimensions compare in a group of mainly temporoparietal lesion patients with numerical impairments versus controls. A double dissociation was found in that numerically impaired patients did not show the number-based SRC effect but did show the pitch-based one, while control subjects demonstrated the opposite trend. Overall, the results of these studies leave us with three main messages. First, expertise in numbers and mathematics, whether acquired through years of experience (Study 1) or through a few days of tRNS-assisted training (Study 3), appears to be associated with complex changes in the morphology of several brain structures. Some – but not all – of these structures are maths-relevant, and, in the case of tRNS-assisted training, they are distal to the site of the stimulating electrodes. Second, tRNS can improve performance in arithmetic (Studies 2 and 3), although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not yet fully understood, neither neurally nor behaviourally. Third, I found (Study 4) that brain lesions leading to impairment in the number domain do not necessarily affect processing in other domains – such as pitch – that are otherwise linked to number via a putative common code in the parietal lobes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Feinstein, Jeffrey Allen. "Need for cognition is more than "they think" : representation and structure of cognitive activity within the self-concept /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487941504294518.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Mendoza, Jennifer. "Characterizing the Structure of Infants' Everyday Musical Input." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23763.

Full text

Abstract:

Infants acculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life (e.g., Hannon & Trehub, 2005a; Werker & Tees, 1984). This perceptual tuning of early auditory skills requires integrating across experiences that repeat and vary in content and are distributed in time. Music is part of this soundscape, yet little is known about the real-world musical input available to infants as they begin learning sounds, melodies, rhythms, and words. In this dissertation, we collected and analyzed a first-of-its-kind corpus of music identified in day-long audio recordings of 6- to 12-month-old infants and their caregivers in their natural, at-home environments. We characterized the structure of this input in terms of key distributional and temporal properties that shape learning in many domains (e.g., Oakes & Spalding, 1997; Roy et al., 2015; Vlach et al., 2008; Weisleder & Fernald, 2013). This everyday sensory input serves as the data available for infants to aggregate in order to build knowledge about music. We discovered that infants encountered nearly an hour of cumulative music per day distributed across multiple instances. Infants encountered many different tunes and voices in their daily music. Within this diverse range, infants encountered consistency, such that some tunes and voices were more available than others in infants’ everyday musical input. The proportion of music produced by live voices varied widely across infants. As infants progressed in time through their days, they encountered many music instances close together in time as well as some music instances separated by much longer lulls. This bursty temporal pattern also characterized how infants encountered instances of their top tune and their top voice – the specific tune and specific voice that occurred for the longest cumulative duration in each infant’s day. Finally, infants encountered many pairs of consecutive music bouts with repeated content – the same unique tune or the same unique voice. Taken together, we discovered that infants’ everyday musical input was more consistent than random in both content and time across infants’ days at home. These findings have potential to inform theory and future research examining how the nature of early music experience shapes infants’ early learning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Blunk, Aline D. (Aline Dorret). "Regulation of synaptic structure and function at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84874.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D. in Neuroscience)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Neuronal communication requires a spatially organized synaptic apparatus to coordinate neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles and activation of postsynaptic receptors. Structural remodeling of synaptic connections can strengthen neuronal communication and synaptic efficacy during development and behavioral plasticity. Here, I describe experimental approaches that have revealed how the actin cytoskeleton participates in transynaptic signaling to control synapse assembly. I also describe my studies on how regulation of endocytic trafficking controls synaptic growth during neuronal development. To identify regulators of synapse assembly, I carried out a large-scale EMS mutagenesis screen of the second chromosome. From this screen I identified a mutation in actin 57B that disrupts synaptic morphology and presynaptic active zone organization. Actin 57B is one of six actin genes in Drosophila and is expressed in body wall muscle during larval development. The isolated allele harbors a point mutation disrupting a highly conserved amino acid present throughout the actin family. Homozygous mutant larvae show impaired alignment and spacing of presynaptic active zones. Additionally, disruption of the organization of the postsynaptic density is observed, with mislocalization of the Spectrin cytoskeleton and the PSD-homolog Disc-Large. Phallodin staining reveals a severe disruption of postsynaptic actin surrounding presynaptic boutons, with the formation of aberrant large actin swirls. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the loss of a synaptic interaction mediated by actin 57B leads to disruption of postsynaptic cytoskeletal organization and dysregulation of signals required to organize presynaptic active zones. Additionally, I present data that provide new insights into the mechanisms controlling synaptic growth signaling during transit through the endocytic pathway. Nervous Wreck (Nwk) is a presynaptic F-BAR/SH3 protein that regulates synaptic growth signaling in Drosophila. Here, I show that Nwk acts through a physical interaction with Sorting Nexin 16 (SNX16). SNX16 promotes synaptic growth signaling by activated BMP receptors, and live imaging in neurons reveals that SNX16-positive early endosomes undergo transient interactions with Nwkcontaining recycling endosomes. We identify an alternative signal termination pathway in the absence of Snx16 that is controlled by ESCRT-mediated internalization of receptors into the endosomal lumen. Our results define a presynaptic trafficking pathway mediated by SNX116, NWK and the ESCRT complex that functions to control synaptic growth signaling at the interface between endosomal compartments. Together, these experiments have expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control synaptic growth and assembly, highlighting the role of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton and the presynaptic endosomal trafficking pathway as key regulators.
by Aline D. Blunk.
Ph.D.in Neuroscience

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Lee, Wei-Chung Allen. "Cellular and molecular analysis of neuronal structure plasticity in the mammalian cortex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34275.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2006.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-100).
Despite decades of evidence for functional plasticity in the adult brain, the role of structural plasticity in its manifestation remains unclear. cpg15 is an activity-regulated gene encoding a membrane-bound ligand that coordinately regulates growth of apposing dendritic and axonal arbors and the maturation of their synapses. Here we compare cpg15 expression during normal development of the rat visual system, with that seen in response to dark rearing, monocular retinal action potential blockade, or monocular deprivation. Our results show that: (1) cpg15 expression in visual cortex correlates with the electrophysiologically mapped critical period for development of eye-specific preference in the primary visual cortex. (2) Dark rearing elevates adult levels of expression. (3) A component of cpg15 expression is activity-dependent after the peak of the critical period. (4) At the peak of the critical period, monocular deprivation decreases cpg15 expression more than monocular TTX blockade. And (5) cpg15 expression is robust and regulated by light in the superficial layers of the adult visual cortex.
(cont.) This suggests that cpg15 is an excellent molecular marker for the visual system's capacity for plasticity and predicts that neural remodeling normally occurs in the extragranular layers of the adult visual cortex. To examine the extent of neuronal remodeling that occurs in the brain on a daily basis, we used a multi-photon based microscopy system for chronic in vivo imaging and reconstruction of entire neurons in the superficial layers of the rodent cerebral cortex. Here, we show the first unambiguous evidence of dendrite growth and remodeling in adult neurons. Over a period of months, neurons could be seen extending and retracting existing branches, and in rare cases adding new branch tips. Neurons exhibiting dynamic arbor rearrangements were GABA positive non-pyramidal interneurons, while pyramidal cells remained stable. These results are consistent with the idea that dendritic structural remodeling is a substrate for adult plasticity and suggest that circuit rearrangement in the adult cortex is restricted by cell type-specific rules.
by Wei-Chung Allen Lee.
Ph.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ali, Daniel Ray. "Scalable Parameter Management using Casebased Reasoning for Cognitive Radio Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32167.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive radios have applied various forms of artificial intelligence (AI) to wireless systems in order to solve the complex problems presented by proper link management, network traffic balance, and system efficiency. Casebased reasoning (CBR) has seen attention as a prospective avenue for storing and organizing past information in order to allow the cognitive engine to learn from previous experience. CBR uses past information and observed outcomes to form empirical relationships that may be difficult to model apriori. As wireless systems become more complex and more tightly time constrained, scalability becomes an apparent concern to store large amounts of information over multiple dimensions. This thesis presents a renewed look at an abstract application of CBR to CR. By appropriately designing a case structure with useful information both to the cognitive entity as well as the underlying similarity relationships between cases, an accurate problem description can be developed and indexed. By separating the components of a case from the parameters that are meaningful to similarity, the situation can be quickly identified and queried given proper design. A data structure with this in mind is presented that orders cases in terms of general placement in Euclidean space, but does not require the discrete calculation of distance between the query case and all cases stored. By grouping possible similarity dimension values into distinct partitions called "similarity buckets", a data structure is developed with constant (O(1)) access time, which is an improvement of several orders of magnitude over traditional linear approaches (O(n)).
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Hansen, Katelin Libby French. "MiR-132 as a Dynamic Regulator of Neuronal Structure and Cognitive Capacity." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429537435.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Kumashiro, Toshiyuki. "The conceptual basis of grammar : a cognitive approach to Japanese clausal structure /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Farrell, Tim. "Metaphor in Matthew's Gospel : its cognitive structure, background, culture dependence and translatability." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.628849.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Welsh, Matthew Brian. "Of mice and men : the structure and bases of murine cognitive abilities." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw463.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Bibliography: leaves 263-278. This research investigated the existence of individual differences in cognitive abilities in mice. Arguments have been put forward regarding the likely bases of such differences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Tan, Phaik Leng. "Denotative and connotative aspects of meaning of financial terms : a study of UK private shareholders' perceptions." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342667.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Isola, Phillip (Phillip John). "The Discovery of perceptual structure from visual co-occurrences in space and time." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103203.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-92).
Although impressionists assure us that the world is just dabs of light, we cannot help but see surfaces and contours, objects and events. How can a visual system learn to organize pixels into these higher-level structures? In this thesis I argue that perceptual organization reflects statistical regularities in the environment. When visual primitives occur together much more often than one would expect by chance, we may learn to associate those primitives and to form a perceptual group. The first half of the thesis deals with the identification of such groups at the pixel level. I show that low-level image statistics are surprisingly effective at higher-level segmentation. I present an algorithm that groups pixels by identifying meaningful co-occurrences in an image's color statistics. Consider a zebra. Black-next-to-white occurs suspiciously often, hinting that these colors have a common cause. I model these co-occurrences using pointwise mutual information (PMI). If the PMI between two colors is high, then the colors probably belong to the same object. Grouping pixels with high PMI reveals object segments. Separating pixels with low PMI marks perceived boundaries. If simple color co-occurrences can tell us about object segments, what might more complex statistics tell us? The second half of the thesis investigates high dimensional visual data, such as image patches and video frames. In high dimensions, it is intractable to directly model co-occurrences. Instead, I show that modeling PMI can be posed as a simpler binary classification problem in which the goal is to predict if two primitives occur in the same spatial or temporal context. This allows us to model PMI associations between complex inputs. I demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on three domains: discovering objects by associating image patches, discovering movie scenes by associating frames, and discovering place categories by associating geotagged photos. Together, these results shed light on how a visual system can learn to organize raw sensory input into meaningful percepts.
by Phillip Isola.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Feiman, Roman. "The Structure and Development of Logical Representations in Thought and Language." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845487.

Full text

Abstract:

The expressive power of human thought and language comes from the ability to systematically combine a finite vocabulary of concepts into a boundless number of meaningful thoughts. What properties of conceptual representations enable their combination? Three papers investigate different aspects of the combinatorial system in the context of a single general approach – taking logical concepts as a special case of concepts whose content is completely specified by their combinatorial properties. The first paper looks at infants’ ability to represent two types of goals: approach and avoid, where each goal-type could be represented as the negation of the other. Consistent with past literature, we find evidence of children representing approach at 7 month, but failing to represent avoid at both 7 and 14 months. This suggests that these children cannot combine their representation of approach with a negation operator, possibly because they do not yet have this operator. In the second paper, we continue to look at the emergence of logical negation through the relationship between the emergence of the concept and the words that label it. We find that, although 15-month-olds say the word “no”, they do not understand its logical meaning until 24 months. This is the same age at which they begin to produce the word “not”, comprehend its logical meaning, and use both “no” and “not” to deny the truth of others’ statements. This pattern of results suggest a common limiting factor on the mapping of any word to the concept of logical negation. This factor could be the emergence of the concept, or a linguistic limitation common to both “no” and “not”. The third paper looks at the properties of the combinatorial system in adults, taking linguistic quantifier scope ambiguity phenomena as a case study. Using a priming paradigm, we find evidence for independent combinatorial operations for the universal quantifiers EACH, EVERY and ALL, but common operations for the numbers THREE, FOUR and FIVE. We also find that the semantic operations that compose quantifier meanings abstract away from the verb and noun content of sentences. This suggests a division of labor in adult combinatorial thought, with conceptual content represented separately from the combinatorial properties of concepts.
Psychology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Lau, Yiu-hon, and 劉耀漢. "A study of student's cognitive structure and the pattern of misconception in mechanics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31955812.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Kirillova, Svetlana. "Revision of cognitive structure of the parent brand in response to brand extensions." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395160.

Full text

Abstract:

Companies frequently seek to increase market share and/or profit by developing brand extensions that relate to an existing parent brand. However sometimes these brand extensions are different in some ways from the parent and therefore present information that is incongruent with consumers' existing impressions of the brand, which can therefore change consumers' perceptions of the parent brand. Previous research on brand knowledge changes has considered two alternative models of brand knowledge changes: typicalitybased and bookkeeping. These two models lead to opposite predictions regarding the pattern of brand knowledge changes in response to incongruent information presented by the brand extension. The bookkeeping model predicts that j] ..incongruent information causes more changes to the parent, whereas the typicality-based model suggests that j incongruent information causes more changes. However, empirical tests of these theories have not shown conclusively which model is best: some studies support one model, while other studies support the other. The purpose of this dissertation is to reconcile these previous findings by suggesting that different models are likely to be correct depending on the tvne of cognitive processing undertaken by the consumer. This dissertation also notes that different researchers have used different operationalizations of incongruity and explores the effects of these differences by using multiple operationalizations in the same study. Lastly, this dissertation examines the differential sensitivity of two different ways of capturing brand knowledge changes: the strength of associations and the overall attitude towards the brand. The findings suggest that algebraic piecemeal processing (which focuses on the extension's information on its own) leads to a bookkeeping-based pattern of brand knowledge changes. In contrast, thoughtful piecemeal processing, (which focuses on the extension in its relation to the parent brand) leads to a typicality-based pattern of brand knowledge changes. This pattern is shown to be true regardless of the operationalization of incongruity. Furthermore, the different measures are found to be differentially sensitive to certain brand knowledge changes. Therefore, the previously conflicting results can indeed be accounted for by different types of processing, as well as by different measures of brand knowledge changes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Serova, Svetlana. "Factor Structure of the Neurocognitive Battery in a Geriatric Sample with Cognitive Impairments." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3615/.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study was designed to empirically validate six theoretically derived cognitive domains (verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, attention-concentration, executive functions, and visuospatial abilities) assessed by a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests used in the Geriatric Memory Clinic at the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas. The study examined the extent to which various cognitive dimensions are tapped by this battery in a heterogeneous geriatric sample of 114 patients with cognitive impairments. The proposed six-factor model of cognitive functioning has not been supported. Further exploratory factor analysis arrived at a five-factor solution. Factor pattern of the 23 tests supported the following five dimensions: memory, executive control, attention, visuospatial abilities, and cognitive flexibility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lau, Yiu-hon. "A study of student's cognitive structure and the pattern of misconception in mechanics." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1843065X.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Johnstone, Sara. "The relationship between attachment and self-structure in clinical and non-clinical populations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365036.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structure cognitive'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles