Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structure dans solutions aqueuses'
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Roy, Cédric. "Etude de mélanges de cellulose dans des solutions aqueuses de soude." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1043.
Full textRoy, Cédric. "Étude de mélanges de cellulose dans des solutions aqueuses de soude." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274837.
Full textCinar, Éric. "Structure et dynamique dans les solutions aqueuses d'urée et d'acétone : étude par simulation de dynamique moléculaire." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_164.pdf.
Full textSzilagyi, Petra Agota. "Study of iron-chelates in solid state and aqueous solutions using Mössbauer spectroscopy." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/142/.
Full textThis work has been devoted to the investigation of the ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate, FeIIIEDTA and its analogues: the ferric cyclohexanediaminetetraacetate, FeIIICDTA and the ferric (N,N')ethylenediaminediacetate, FeIIIEDDA complexes. Structure of these complexes in aqueous solutions at different pH values have been proposed. The photodegradation of the FeIIIEDTA complex as well as the autoxidation of the Fe2+/EDTA system in solid state and in aqueous solution phase have been studied. Reaction pathways and structures for intermediate species forming in the course of the reaction between FeIIIEDTA/CDTA/EDDA and H2O2 have been proposed. The magnetic relaxation of the solid NaFeEDTA. 3H2O as well as the thermal stability and further aerial degradation of the decomposition products have been studied using Mössbauer spectroscopy
Lorchat, Philippe. "Structure des solutions aqueuses de polyélectrolytes fortement chargés." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759325.
Full textHEINRICH, MARTINE. "Structure de solutions aqueuses de polyelectrolytes en etoile." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13171.
Full textPetit, Samuel. "Structures de complexes dans le système (cuivre (II)-oxine-sulfoxine-eau), étude expérimentale et modélisation moléculaire de la cristallisation et de transitions de phases." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES025.
Full textHafiz, Leila. "Préparation des zéolithes hiérarchiques par traitement dans des solutions aqueuses de fluorure." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2061.
Full textZeolites have wide applications in chemical and petrochemical industry as catalysts and sorbents due to their regular channels and cavities with sizes below 2 nm, large surface areas, strong acidity, and shape selectivity. The downside however, is that the sorption and catalytic performance of zeolites is often compromised due to the fact that the reactants and products may face severe intra-pore diffusion limitations. Consequently, a variety of approaches have been designed in order to lower these diffusion restrictions and improve the performance of zeolites. The most commonly used approaches are decreasing the particle size of zeolite crystals, and the introduction of a secondary network of large pores (mesopores) connected to the native micropores. In the present study, we show how the controlled fluoride etching leads to a clear understanding of the intrinsic structural properties of mordenite zeolite crystals, and the central role of crystal structure in developing advanced hierarchical materials. The dealkylation of 1,3,5 Triisopropylbenzene is selected to highlight the catalytic effects of fluoride etching on the mordenite zeolite and specifically on its external surface. In addition, fluoride etching on zeolite L and beta were carried out. We evaluated the catalytic performance of zeolite beta and its corresponding hierarchical beta treated with NH4F in terms of conversion capacity, and life time at high conversions of Methanol-to-Olefins
Calvet, Damien. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques alkylés et perfluoroalkylés : synthèse - structures - rhéologie des solutions aqueuses." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20118.
Full textBONIN, Julien. "Solvatation de l'électron dans des solutions aqueuses et dans des alcools : étude par spectroscopie d'absorption femtoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010713.
Full textArcis, Hugues. "Etude thermodynamique de la dissolution du dioxyde de carbone dans des solutions aqueuses d'alcanolamines." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731443.
Full textBouali, Noureddine. "Dissolution des gaz dans des solutions aqueuses d'agents tensioactifs ioniques : aspects cinétique et thermodynamique." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20264.
Full textBen, Gaïda Lamia. "Méthode de contribution de groupes pour la représentation des propriétés d'équilibre dans les solutions aqueuses." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21734.
Full textBonin, Julien. "Solvatation de l'électron dans des solutions aqueuses et des alcools : étude par spectroscopie d'absorption femtoseconde." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112142.
Full textIn this PhD work we studied, with a time-resolved femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy method, the influence of the environment on the optical absorption spectrum of the solvated electron. First, we studied the absorption spectrum of the solvated electron in concentrated aqueous solutions of salts. Reviewing ten cations and two counterions, we observed a continuous shift of the absorption band toward shorter wavelengths without any change in shape and the bandwidth. The spectral shift depends on the characteristics of the cation (size and charge) but also on the counterion (screening effect and salt dissociation). Then, we studied the electron solvation dynamics in several alcohols (propane-1-ol, pentane-1-ol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol and glycerol). The transient absorption spectra recorded on 450 ps and between 440 and 710 nm have showed that, after its formation, the solvated electron mainly absorbs in the near-IR, then its spectrum evolves toward the visible domain to reach the spectrum of the stable species after a few tens of picoseconds. Global analysis of these data by two solvation models (stepwise and continuous) using a powerful Bayesian inference method coupled with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method has allowed us to obtain characteristic times that correlate the macroscopic properties of the liquids (viscosity and dielectric relaxation times)
Saulnier, Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés électrocinétiques de bulles de gaz maintenues dans des solutions aqueuses." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3012.
Full textLiborio, Barbara. "Dissolution du dioxyde de carbone dans des solutions aqueuses d'électrolyte dans le contexte du stockage géologique : approche thermodynamique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC008/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the enthalpy of solution of carbon dioxide in electrolyte aqueous solutions. To develop theoretical models describing the systems {CO2-water-salt} under the geological storage conditions of carbon dioxide, it is necessary to have experimental data, namely solubility and enthalpy. In this study, a customized flow mixing unit was adapted to a SETARAM C-80 calorimeter to measure the enthalpy of CO2 solution in aqueous electrolyte solutions (NaCl, CaCl2 and Na2SO4) at the ionic strengths between 2 and 6 and at temperatures between 323.1 K and 372.9 K and pressures ranging from 2 to 16 MPa. Data from the literature were used to adjust the thermodynamic phase equilibrium model in the Υ-φ approach. The thermodynamic model reproduces the experimental enthalpies to plus or minus 10%. The calculation of the enthalpy in the rigorous model is strongly dependent on the data of the literature. An experimental device has been set up for the determination of the molar volume of CO2 at infinite dilution, which is necessary for thermodynamic modeling. The carbon dioxide to be stored may contain impurities such as annexes (O2, N2, SOx, H2S, NyOx, H2, CO and Ar). Under the objective of studying the influence of these impurities, an experimental apparatus has been set up for the measurement of enthalpies of solution of SO2 in water and aqueous solutions of NaCl and the first results are promising
Labes-Carrier, Catherine. "Etude des équilibres de phases et de la surfusion dans les systèmes solutions aqueuses, surfactant, paraffines." Pau, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PAUU3008.
Full textBendjama, Zoubida. "Extraction d'acétate d'éthyle de solutions aqueuses par pervaporation à travers des membranes en polydimethylsiloxane comportant divers degrés de réticulation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL030N.
Full textBerthelard, Romain. "Viscosité, auto-diffusion et leur découplage dans des solutions aqueuses de glycérol ainsi que dans l’eau pure surfondue sous pression." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1182.
Full textWater is the most common liquid for us, but a great deal of its properties are still not well understood. Water exhibits numerous anomalies compared to other liquids and they are enhanced in the supercooled state, that when water is still liquid below the meltin point.During this word, glycerol is added to water (between 10% to 50% in mass) to lower the melting point and the homogeneous nucleation point. Two properties are measured : viscosity and self-diffusion. The first is a macroscopic property related to flow resistance. The second is linked to relative motion of molecules in the liquid. Viscosity and self-diffusion are linked by the Stokes-Einstein equation (SER) at usuals temperature and pressure in liquid. The viscosity of water-glycerol solution is measured by Differentiel Dynamic Microscopy. Diffusion coefficient of colloids in the solution is measured and allows us to deduce viscosity of the solution. Viscosity raises as temperature raises. At given temperature, viscosity raises in respect with glycerol’s concentration. Viscosity’s behavior according to temperature depends on the concentration. At low concentration (< 20%) it behaves the same way as pure water. For higher concentrations, other laws are more suitable to describe viscosity. Henceforth, adding glycerol modifies supercooled solutions’ dynamic. Mutual diffusion of molecules is related to their mobility. It is characterized by self-diffusion in a pure liquid and intra-diffusion in mixtures. Intra-diffusion in glycerol solutions are measured with concentration ranging from 1% to 50% in mass thanks to NMR-PGSE. Water and glycerol diffusions raise with temperature, whatever the concentration. At high temperature, diffusion decreases as concentration raises. At low temperature and low concentration (1% in glycerol), glycerol’s diffusion decreases more rapidly than for other concentration as temperature is lowered. Water seems to have the same tendancy in similar conditions. Knowing viscosity and intra-diffusion, it is possible to get SER’s evolution according to temperature. The SER is always violated for water molecules as soon as temperature is lower than 273 K. Glycerol molecules behave the same way when their concentration is 30% and 50%. For 10%, the SER is unexpectedly observed. At 1% the SER is violated again, but in opposite way compared to what is usually observed. Microscopic interpretation of these observations remains elusive. We also performed viscosity and self-diffusion measurements on pure water under pressure up to 150 MPa. SER is also tested for temperatures down to 228 K, allowing comparison with recent numerical simulations
Khallouk, Mustapha. "Etude des phénomènes d'échange chimique et de diffusion dans des solutions aqueuses d'acides aminés par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0023.
Full textBermudez, Rodriguez Iris Marisol. "Effets chimiques associés aux réactions nucléaires (n,[gamma]) dans des solutions aqueuses diluées, liquides ou congelées, d'halogènures organiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR17001.
Full textEl, Hachadi Ahmed. "Nucléation et croissance de la glace dans l'électrolyte LiCl, RH2O, R > 6, défini comme un milieu hétérogène composé de microdomaines d' "eau" et de LiCl,6H2O." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10109.
Full textMassiani, Yvan. "Comportement électrochimique d'alliages amorphes à base Fe-B dans des solutions aqueuses d'acide sulfurique et de chlorure de sodium." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375994966.
Full textLeyssens, Gontrand. "Étude de l'incorporation du benzaldéhyde et de composés phénoliques dans des solutions aqueuses : paramètres thermo-cinétiques et implications atmosphériques." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/830921a1-77df-4227-b1a9-f750dc359b7b.
Full textEn ce qui concerne le benzaldéhyde, la faible valeur du coefficient d'accommodation massique déterminée à 293 K (=2. 10-4) laisse supposer que son incorporation dans les particules d'aérosols aqueux de l'atmosphère est probablement très limitée. Une étude préliminaire a été entreprise pour identifier les produits de réactions qui résulteraient de l'oxydation du p-crésol dissous dans l'eau par le dioxyde d'azote d'une part, et par les radicaux OH d'autre part. Enfin, dans le but de mieux évaluer l'impact potentiel de la chimie multiphasique des COVO étudiés dans ce travail, une étude de deux scénarii par temps de ciel clair et de ciel nuageux a été réalisée pour estimer les durées de vie et les temps caractéristiques des différents processus responsables de leur évolution spatio-temporelle dans la troposphère. Cette étude montre que l'accommodation massique des composés phénoliques étudiés s'avère. être un processus très rapide en regard des durées de vie de ces composés dans la phase gazeuse de la troposphère et que, par conséquent, leur assimilation par les hydrométéores ne devrait pas être limitée par le processus d'accommodation et serait plus rapide en présence de nuages. En modifiant la composition de la tropüsphère,. 1a chimie multiphasique des COVO étudiés pourrait avoir un impact sur sa capacité oxydante
Turquet-Rocca, Sabine. "Emulsions concentrées : structure de systèmes mixtes hydrogéné-fluoré : incorporation et libération de molécules modèles." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10153.
Full textCaillet, Céline Tondre Christian. "Solubilisation dans des micelles inverses et des vesicules Influence des caractéristiques du film amphiphile /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2000_0008_CAILLET.pdf.
Full textCaillet, Céline. "Solubilisation dans des micelles inverses et des vésicules : influence des caractéristiques du film amphiphile." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0008_CAILLET.pdf.
Full textAudette, Marilyne. "Modifications radio-induites dans les protéines, étude de la fragmentation et de la polymérisation en solutions aqueuses liquide et gelée." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60584.pdf.
Full textAUDETTE, MARILYNE. "Modifications radio-induites dans les proteines : etude de la fragmentation et de la polymerisation en solutions aqueuses liquide et gelee." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112092.
Full textPeuvrel, Christophe. "Etude des transferts thermiques lors de la circulation dans un échangeur d'un fluide frigoporteur à changement de phase solide-liquide." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3018.
Full textThe use of an intermediate secondary refrigerant circuit in indirect cooling process can represent a solution to reduce natural refrigerant volumes and so to contribute to protect environment. In this context, a new generation of secondary fluid has been developed : a phase changing secondary refrigerant, named " Ice slurry ", which is represented by a pumpable mixture of a water solution and fine ice crystals. These thermal fluids offer attractive oportunities for thermal energy transportation and the heat transfer nhancement of heat exchangers notably thanks to latent heat of fusion. The heat transfer and friction characteristics of a 10% (wt/wt) ethanol/water ice slurry has been studied in different double pipe heat exchangers. Measurements were obtained for ice mass fractions ranging from 0% to 25% and velocities between 0,3 and 1,85 m. S-1. For some velocities, the results show that an increase in ice fractions causes a change in the slurry flow structure, influencing the evolution of the pressure drops and the heat transfer coefficients. In the last part of this work, we present an exergetic study of the two-phase mixture, which enables to determine a thermodynamic parameter to choose secondary refrigerant and the couple temperatureconcentration to use for a specific cooling process
Bodet, Jean-François. "Structure et dynamique de phases microémulsion." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10537.
Full textAzri, Aziz. "Mise en évidence de liaisons hydrogène multi-échelle dans le système PEG-Eau." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS250.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the physico-chemical properties in aqueous solutions of short polyethylene-glycol chains. The aggregation ability of PEG600 has been studied with comparison with PEG400 : these oligomers exhibit a critical aggregation constant apparently resulting from the helical configuration of the PEG chain. The constant value which depends on temperature and appears in dilute solutions, has been determined by tensiometry and confirmed by measurements of fluorescence intensity. The rheological properties of concentrated solutions (more than 50 weight percents) have been studied with a cone and plate rheometer with respect to concentration and temperature. The dynamic viscosity increases with concentration and decreases when temperature increases, with an activation energy of 37 kJ mol-1. Characteristic times decrease when concentration increases and temperature decreases. The corresponding activation energy is between -45 and -17,5 kJ mol-1. The order of magnitude of all the activation energies can be compared with the weak bond energy. The existence of helical structures able to aggregate would be worth to be studied and probably to be better used to realise better stimuli-dependent systems
Champion, Dominique. "Etude de la mobilité moléculaire dans des systèmes modèles, en vue de la compréhension des évolutions dans des produits alimentaires à faible teneur en eau." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS012.
Full textCouchaux, Gabriel. "Relation structure-propriété pour la cinétique de la réaction amine-CO2 en solution [i.e.solutions] aqueuses." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0206/document.
Full textThe post-combustion process by amine scrubbing is currently the most mature to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industry. However, if there are numerous demonstrators, the investment and operating cost of this process are still too important to develop it in a large scale. The kinetics of reaction between the amine and the carbon dioxide is one of the major factor which influence the costs. The objectives of this work are to study and understand the kinetics of the amine-CO2 reaction and to set up of a predictive structure-property model. This approach is adapted to the large number of possible amines which can be candidates for the process. In a first time we study five kinds of amines (primary, acyclic secondary, cyclic secondary, tertiary and multi-amines) representatives of candidate molecules. Among those molecules, two behaviours can be distinguished: one the one hand amines which form carbamates and on the other hand those which do not form carbamates. Measurements have been realised at 25 °C in diluted solutions by stopped-flow technique to characterize the intrinsic kinetics of each of the 87 studied amines using two kinetic constants. For each kind of amine, the main structural factors, electronic and geometric, which impact the kinetics of reaction have been identified. Then, from a statistical model using molecular descriptors to describe the different parameters of each amine, a structure-property relationship has been set up with the different kinetic constants. A descriptor of the steric hindrance has been developed
Mehl, Patrick. "Corrélation entre certaines propriétés physiques des solutions aqueuses de polyalcools à quatre carbones et leur efficacité dans la cryoconservation de globules rouges." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607924j.
Full textCastet, Sylvie. "Solubilite de la boehmite et speciation de l'aluminium dissous dans les solutions aqueuses a haute temperature (90-350c). Determination experimentale et modelisation." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30150.
Full textMehl, Patrick. "Corrélation entre certaines propriétés physiques des solutions aqueuses de polyalcools à quatre carbones et leur efficacité dans la cryoconservation de globules rouges." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10104.
Full textVercucque, Isabelle. "Dynamiques de relaxation de l'eau et des solutions aqueuses d'acide chlorhydrique par effet Kerr optique résolu dans le temps et par simulation de dynamiques moléculaires." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-249.pdf.
Full textBlouet, Christelle. "Utilisation d'une méthode électrochimique pour la détermination simultanée de coefficients d'activité et d'énergies de transfert dans des solutions non-aqueuses d'électrolytes et dans des mélanges de solvants." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1321.
Full textThe representation of the thermodynamic properties of electrolytes solutions in mixed-solvent is a strong industrial stake. However the thermodynamics modelling of these systems presents specifics difficulties. In the present study, we carried out an electrochemical cell with ion selective electrodes in order to determine experimental measurements that could be used to improve the representation of non-aqueous and mixed-solvent electrolytes solutions. This method allows us to obtain not only experimental values of mean activity coefficient but also of the standard gibbs energy of transfer, a property necessary to express the mean activity coefficients in a reference state that does not depend on the mixture composition. The first measurements have been relative to solutions of naci and nabr in methanol and water-methanol mixtures. The new device was then used to determine the partition coefficient of naci between the two liquid phases produced by the water-n-butanol system
Bardez, Élisabeth. "Relation entre structure et reactivite acido-basique de l'eau incluse dans les micelles inverses." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066033.
Full textTshinyama, Kapuya. "Etude des effets thermocapillaire et thermogravitationnel dans les solutions aqueuses d'alcool gras présentant un minimum de tension superficielle d'équilibre en fonction de la température." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211294.
Full textZoranić, Larisa. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire de la micro-hétérogénéité dans les mélanges eau-alcools." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066700.
Full textIn this thesis we focus on the structural refinements present in the associated liquids. Using the molecular dynamics simulations we probe the microstructure of these liquids, namely the neat systems and alcohol-water mixtures. From the correlation functions in direct and reciprocal space and as well as the cluster distribution functions we create a consistent picture of the structural specificity that exist in the associated liquids. We made a distinction between the structural organization in pure liquids and in binary systems, first defined through the local self-association of molecules, and second corresponding to a local segregation of the components of the binary system. In each case the highly anisotropic site-site hydrogen bonding has main role. In the pure liquids the association is induced through specific site-interactions that lead to an inhomogeneous distribution ofsites, while the molecular distribution preserves the liquid-like behavior. In the binary system the micro-heterogeneity is due to the local immiscibility of the species. Micro-heterogeneity appears to be universal feature of aqueous solutions, predominantly driven by hydrogen bonding. Micro-heterogeneous order does not quite fit in the class of disorder, but neither in that of order. It appears like a new form or order, and challenges our techniques to put this in evidence, both experimentally or through simulations
Osnovna tema doktorata jest ispitivanje strukturne organizacije u vodenim otopinama. Naime, na nano-skali ovi sustavi pokazuju lokalnu ureñenost koja ne narušava globalnu homogenost. Korištenjem metode molekularne dinamike ispitivali smo mikrostrukturu u tekućinama i otopinama alkohola i vode. Analizom korelacijskih funkcija u recipročnom i direktnom prostoru te distribucijske funkcije klastera odredili smo posebitosti njihove strukturne organizacije. U tekućinama, djelovanjem vodikove veze molekule se povezuju u klastere ili veće asocijacije kao što je npr. Struktura mreže. Ovakva strukturna organizacija vodi do nehomogene distribucije atoma koji sudjeluju u gradnji vodikove veze, dok molekularna distribucijska funkcija, kao i funkcije hidrofobnih atoma, zadržava svojstva homogene tekućine. U otopinama, uzrok lokalne heterogenost je takoñer vodikova veza, naime mikroheterogenost se odnosi na lokalno ne-mješanje komponenata otopina. Mikroheterogenost je opće svojstvo vodenih otopina. Ovakva ureñenost sustava na lokalnom nivou ne spada u klasu reda ni nereda. Tako da bolja definicija ovog novog svojstva predstavlja izazov eksperimentalnim i teorijskim metodama i tehnikama
Millot, Glen Boris Renny. "Étude des phénomènes de solvatation dans les solutions d'électrolytes : application à la modélisation des propriétés thermodynamiques par l'intermédiaire d'une équation d'état." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1188.
Full textThe modelling of thermodynamic properties of electrolytes solution needs to consider the specificity of charged species. Amongst them, the solvation, of ions by molecules of solvent, have often been disregarded until recently, though this phenomenon have an important effect upon the behaviour of the species in the solution, especially if the solvent is water. Therefore, we carried out a bibliographical study in order to get a better understanding of the interactions in solutions and to see how the model does take into account these effects to represent the thermodynamic properties. Then, we studied a thermodynamic model, based on an equation of state, developed at the laboratory and which main interest is its predictive feature. From these solvation considerations, we managed to extend its validity to a larger range of systems and temperatures. On the one hand, salts containing oxyanions, which behave in solution very differently from simple electrolytes, such as alkaline halides, have been precisely modelled taking into account short-range interactions between anions and solvent molecules that were previously omitted. On the other hand, the use of temperature dependant solvated ionic radii helped us to extend the predictive characteristics of the model up to 473 K. During this particular study, we found that destructuring of the solvent by the less solvated ions was not taken into account by the model. That allows us to expect further improvements, once this phenomenon will be integrated into the model
Belloni, Luc. "Statique et dynamique dans les solutions de polyelectrolytes spheriques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066085.
Full textAmal, Youssef Noguera Claudine Fritz Bertrand. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles de germination et de croissance de particules minérales dans un contexte de simulation géochimique au contact de solutions aqueuses." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00001045.
Full textAmal, Youssef. "Analyse mathématique et numérique de modèles de germination et de croissance de particules minérales dans un contexte de simulation géochimique au contact de solutions aqueuses." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13126.
Full textMost geochemical models considering the interactions between rocks ans solutions include thermodynamic equilibrium relationships between solid phases and aqueous solutions, and address the kinetic problems by introducing rates of growth and dissolution, but usually they describe the step of nucleation only empirically. Such models assume that the particules begin to nucleate with a fixed size, once the saturation exceeds a critical value. Moreover, their growth or re-dissolution rate is usually assumed independent of their size, which does not allow describing some effects such as Ostwald ripening. A new model was proposed by Noguera and al. (2006) to correct this weakness. It is controlled by a system of highly non-linear integro-differentials equations which combines the effects of : homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation, growth and ripening of particles or their re-dissolution as a function of the evolution of the saturation of the concerned mineral phases in the aqueous solution. Due to the nucleation, the number of particles is numerically a function of time strictly increasing. Moreover, to predict the evolution of the system, it is necessary to know the status of each particle at any moment and to remember the history of its evolution. This is very costly in terms of data storage and data processing. The aim of this thesis was to develop an algorithm of numerical resolution that can perform a fast and accurate calculation in order to introduce it in the fluid-rock interactions simulation model, taking into account the germination and growth of pure mineral phases or phases whose composition may vary during their formation, like sollids solutions. The resulting software is called "Nanokin". This approach allows following the size evolution of each particle, as a function of time. It also describes the contribution of each particle to the entire population of particles (number of particles, number of moles)
Galochkina, Tatiana. "Structure spatiale des lipopolysaccharides et son rôle dans la coagulation sanguine." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1236.
Full textThe outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall is composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. Being released to the blood flow during sepsis, LPS induce strong immune response accompanied by pathological blood clotting. Blood coagulation is activated both due to the vessel wall damage, and the activation of the contact pathway. The details of the mechanisms involved remain obscure despite the extensive experimental studies. In the present work we develop theoretical models of the different time and space scales to elucidate the details of the LPS-induced blood coagulation during the Gram-negative sepsis. In the first two chapters we provide the state of the art of the problem and describe the methods we use. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of the mathematical models of blood coagulation. We determine the conditions of the existence of the traveling wave solutions in the model of the self-sustained clot growth, estimate the speed of their propagation and demonstrate existence of the pulse solution determining the critical value of the initial condition. Then, we consider the model of blood coagulation under flow conditions and determine the critical size of the damaged zone leading to the complete vessel occlusion by the clot. Finally, we develop and analyze the model of the contact system activation by the LPS aggregates. In the fourth chapter we model the LPS supramolecular structure, which has crucial impact on the LPS biological activity. We develop molecular dynamics models of the LPS molecules, their aggregates and LPS-containing membranes of different composition and analyze LPS conformational behavior in different environment
Favre, Éric. "Modélisation de l'équilibre de sorption et du transfert de matière dans des membranes à base de polydiméthylsiloxane : application à l'extraction d'alcanols de solutions aqueuses par pervaporation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_FAVRE_E.pdf.
Full textCostenoble, Sylvain. "Modélisation de la coprécipitation d'oxalates mixtes d'uranium et de plutonium dans le cadre du recyclage du combustible nucléaire : solubilité des solutions solides oxalate." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10179/document.
Full textChemical processes for future spent fuel treatment and recycling for new generation facilities are oriented on uranium and plutonium co-management. In the COEX TM process, one of the key operation consists of uranium(IV)-plutonium(III) co-conversion by oxalic co-precipitation. This leads to a mixed oxide for fuel production via the synthesis and the calcination of an oxalate solid solution precursor. Oxalic coprecipitation modeling, support of a better understanding of the process, is based on the supersaturation calculation whose expression is a function of thermodynamic data related to the oxalate solid solution formation.These thermodynamic data are acquired thanks to solubility measurements realised on uranium(IV)-neodymium(III) oxalate solid solutions, where neodymium(III) simulates the plutonium(III) behaviour. From the development of an actinide speciation analytical method, the non congruent interaction between the solid solution phase and the aqueous phase is observed. On the basis of the reaction constants of the occurring equilibria, a model, extracted from the LIPPMANN’s theory, allows to predict the state of the solid solution-aqueous solution system at thermodynamic equilibria. This methodology was extended to mixed oxalates U(IV)-Pu(III) and U(IV)-Am(III) demonstrating the model validity for these systems
Alzein, Hussam Aldin. "Gestion de modifications de solutions de structure dans un système de c. A. O. Bâtiment." Chambéry, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CHAMS012.
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