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1
Maani, Moh'd Khaled Moh'd. "Recent changes in family structure and fertility in Jordan." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1135/.
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This study seeks to make a contribution to the field of population studies by throwing some light on the explanation of fertility change in developing countries. It hopes to do this by investigating the role of the family and its structure in explaining fertility attitudes and behaviour in Jordan. Some of the causes - at the level of intermediate variables - of regional variations in fertility levels and fertility preferences in Jordan are examined. The study tries to analyse several aspects of change in the family system in Jordan: social, economic kin-relationships and wealth flow directions within the family. Also, fertility attitudes are examined in relation to contrasting social contexts. It is assumed that fertility decline will be the result of certain changes in the family's internal and external social and economic structure. In order to test this assumption it is necessary to examine the nature of internal and external family relationships in terms of the following five dimensions: a) the scale and character of mutual economic obligations (or feelings of financial responsibility) which exist within the families under study b) the nature of the family budget (to what extent it is a common budget or one divided into separate units related to individual wage earners) c) relations between the father and his children in terms of obedience and societal and family norms (even when the family is geographically separated as a result of migration) d) the coherence and structure of the family system (is it a closed or open nuclear family or does it still have elements of the extended family?), and women's roles and status within the family e) wealth flow direction and its relation to power structure within the family. Results suggest that changes in the family's internal and external social and economic structure have a significant influence on fertility attitudes which, in turn, tell that fertility decline is an outcome of family change.
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Abuhommous, Ala’a Adden Awni. "Financial constraints, capital structure and dividend policy : evidence from Jordan." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7212.
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The economic reforms in Jordan during the last two decades have highlighted and promoted the role that non-financial firms play within the Jordanian economy. The ability of firms to play this role is in major part determined by the structure of the financial system in which they operate, and in particular whether this financial system is able to make capital available efficiently to those firms that need it. Whether this is the case can be investigated by analysing the impact of firm characteristics on some of the most important financial decisions taken by these firms, and how these decisions are influenced by the presence of market imperfections. The thesis examines the relation between the financing and investment decisions, where the effect of financial constraints on the firm’s investment decision is investigated. In particular, this thesis focuses on how financial constraints affect different firms by investigating the extent to which the reliance on internal cash flow is affected by firm characteristics such as size, age, dividend payout ratio, and market listing. We find that Jordanian firms are financially constrained, but that these constraints do not appear to be related to firm characteristics. Further, results show that Jordanian firms use debt rather than equity to finance their investment. The second empirical chapter focuses on the main determinants of firms’ capital structure. Here the results show that Jordanian firms follow the pecking order theory, where profitability and liquidity have a negative impact on the level of debt. Size and market to book value have a positive impact, supporting the view that there are significant constraints on debt financing since indicators of the financial health of the firms affect their capital structure ratio. There is also evidence that ownership structure affects the firm’s access to debt. The final empirical chapter examines the impact of firm characteristics on dividend policy, and shows that profitability and market to book value have a positive impact on dividend policy, implying that firms with better access to capital or credit pay dividends. This implies that firms retain earnings in order to ensure that they have sufficient capital to invest, confirming the initial result that Jordanian firms are financially constrained. There is also evidence of the impact of ownership structure, consistent with the predictions of agency cost theory, while institutional investors appear to follow the prudent-man restrictions, being positively associated with firms that pay dividends. This thesis confirms the presence of market imperfections that have a significant influence on the financial decisions taken by Jordanian firms. The consistent evidence of the importance of retained earnings shows that these firms face substantial constraints in terms of their access to external funds, despite the reforms to the Jordanian financial system over the last two decades.
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Abu-Zant, Maher Kh. "Internal migration and development in Jordan : migrants and social structure in Irbid." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489233.
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Alakaleek, Wejdan M. "Networks of female entrepreneurs in technology-based firms in Jordan : structure, content and evolution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28691.
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Female entrepreneurs establishing new firms in Jordan mostly do not have adequate internal resources to help support the successful emergence and growth of their enterprise. Agreement has emerged among scholars that network ties are an effective source or route through which entrepreneurs are able to reach and obtain the resources necessary to assist their firm through its various stages development. Understanding more about how Jordanian female entrepreneurs engage in networking in order to establish and grow their firms, might help inform policy intervention as well as inform theory by identifying the model of network development in a field where there is a lack of studies and literature that explores the networking behaviour of female entrepreneurs, particularly in Eastern societies. Thus, this research investigates the development of networks for resource acquisition by exploring the experiences of female entrepreneurs in 14 technology-based firms in Jordan. It explores the structural characteristics and the content of their networks and how they have developed over time to deliver advantage in resource acquisition during the venture formation and early development stages. Rich qualitative data were collected utilising a two-stage, in-depth interview approach. Evidence is presented as to how changes in aspects of network structure, including diversity, reachability, density, centrality and the presence of strong and weak ties, yield different types of resources available to the entrepreneurs. The network structure of female entrepreneurs at start-up was characterised by business ties established within male-dominated networks. There was evidence of these women building new strong ties and reaching out through a small number of indirect ties. Typically there was a high degree of interconnectedness between different parts of the women’s networks, which were characterised by their density. These structural characteristics of the network enabled these women to reach and obtain human capital, financial resources and achieve legitimacy. As the female entrepreneurs grew their businesses there were changes in the network structure as it became characterised by a higher level of diversity in terms of types of tie. The prominence of male-dominated network ties continued, but there was a growing presence of weak ties; a decline in the level of network density; and the appearance of centrality, where women started to act as a broker between two other actors in their networks. These changes saw the women benefitting mainly in building network ties, including gaining access to new contacts of different types. The research revealed that professional business ties and access through these ties play an important role in venture creation and growth. These business ties are used to act as the gateway to resources rather than the personal ties identified in previous research. Further, in support of network-based research suggesting that the entrepreneurs’ network ties and their structural characteristics change overtime as the resource needs change, this research provides empirical evidence of the changing content (resources) that these structural characteristics provide through the start-up and early development stages. Therefore, the findings of this exploratory research on female technology entrepreneurs in Jordan contribute to theory development at the intersection of work on network processes, network development and entrepreneurship in Middle Eastern societies. The findings also have a number of implications for policy and practice, which are considered in the conclusions to the thesis.
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Qaqeesh, Sahar Sameeh. "The predictive power of the term structure of interest rates : the case of Jordan." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10212.
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This thesis investigates whether the short end of the term structure has the ability to predict the future movements in short term rates and the inflation rate using data from a developing country: the case of Jordan. A number of econometric techniques are employed to examine the predictability of the term structure and to deal with the low quality data. In order to examine the ability of the term structure to predict the future movements in short term rates, the validity of the Expectations Hypothesis (EH) is tested. The EH implies that the term spread is an optimal predictor of the future changes in short term rates. For the empirical testing, two sets of data are used; the term structure in the Jordanian interbank market and the term structure in the primary market. The information content of the term structure about inflation rate is examined by investigating whether there is a long run equilibrium relationship between the short term rates and the inflation rate; that is, testing the Fisher Hypothesis, and between the domestic term spread and the inflation rate. Moreover, given that the exchange regime in Jordan is pegged to the US Dollar, the information content of the US term spread is also examined. The cointegration analysis is the only technique that provides evidence that the EH holds. In addition, it provides evidence that the domestic and the US term spreads contain some information about the inflation rate. As a result of dealing with low quality data, the Monte Carlo simulation provides evidence that the size distortion of the Dickey Fuller (DF) test becomes larger as the noise increases in the data and faster as the sample size becomes bigger. This evidence supports the literature that discusses the size distortion of the DF test.
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Jordan, Julia-Christine [Verfasser]. "Structure-function analysis of the Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) C-terminus / Julia-Christine Jordan." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071547712/34.
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Zurigat, Ziad. "Pecking order theory, trade-off theory and determinants of capital structure : empirical evidence from Jordan." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2244.
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The theoretical framework of the pecking order and trade-off theories of capital structure has suggested the potential for exhibiting asymmetrical financing behaviour for firms with leverage below or above the target level of leverage or for firms with financial surplus or deficit. Such analyses shed light on how firms choose their capital structure under pecking order and trade-off theories and mainly when they have leverage target with leverage above-or below-target leverage or surplus or deficit. However, a lack of empirical studies on these issues can be noted in both developed and developing countries. This thesis examines a variety of pecking order and trade-off asymmetric models and compares their performance with the symmetric alternative. Using data from 114 non-financial Jordanian firms (of which 62 are industrial firms and the remaining are services firms), we report evidence suggesting that firstly, equity issues track the financing deficit relatively more closely, suggesting that equity is not the last resort for financing as the pecking order theory predicts Secondly, Jordanian firms are more sensitive in retiring debt to take up surplus than in expanding debt to meet their financing requirement, implying that financial surplus and deficit affect leverage differently. Thirdly, Jordanian firms have a target leverage ratio and adjust their leverage at rate higher for above-target leverage than for below-target leverage and at rate higher for firms with financial surplus than those with financial deficit. Finally, we report evidence suggesting that the rates of adjustment vary depending on whether the deviation from the target level is large or small, with rates higher for large size deviation than for small size deviation.
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Alqudah, Alaa Mohammad Mustafa. "The effectiveness of internal corporate governance mechanisms and ownership structure in constraining earnings management in Jordan." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/413459/.
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The root of conflict of interest problem arises as a response to the separation between management and ownership in firms, in which firm’s agents are motivated to adopt specific actions to maximise their personal wealth at the expense of shareholders. Therefore, various initiatives made by interested groups introduced corporate governance (CG) codes and ownership structure as deterrent monitoring tools to constrain earnings management (EM) behaviours. Motivated by a functionalist research paradigm, this thesis aims to evaluate the current effects of some of the key mechanisms of CG and ownership types in constraining EM decisions over firm’s accruals in Jordan. Taking advantage of the functionalist research paradigm, this thesis adopts a mixed-methodology approach in which a subjectivism and objectivism research positions are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the monitoring mechanisms in constraining EM techniques. Under the objectivist stand, a set of secondary data from 2009 to 2014 explores the relationships between internal CG mechanisms and ownership structure and EM phenomenon estimated by the Modified Jones (1995) model over a sample of 134 non-financial firms listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). In this strand, independent members, external directorships, board size, board meetings and non-duality managers were the main mechanisms selected to evaluate board-monitoring functions. Additionally, this thesis captures the monitoring effects of audit committees (AC) through three main characteristics (AC existence, AC independence and AC meetings). Finally, with regard to ownership structure, this part covers institutional owners, blockholder owners, managerial owners and family firms. After testing for normality, linearity, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity and time-fixed effects, the regression results show a significant monitoring tendency for independent board members in constraining EM issue. However, as the number of external directorships occupied by board members increased, the likelihood of engaging in EM decisions increased significantly. Additionally, active boards (meetings) showed a deterrent monitoring position in reducing the passage of opportunistic behaviours over firm’s accruals. The regression analysis provided evidence that supports institutional theory regarding the existence of a separate AC. Indeed, the main finding claims that Jordanian directors have been responding to the Jordanian Securities Commission pressures in terms of establishing a separate AC in their firms since a positive correlation between EM levels and the presence of AC is documented. Statistically speaking, this thesis found evidence that independent members were inclined significantly to enhance financial reports quality by reducing the prevalence of EM behaviours in Jordan. Supporting the researcher hypotheses that assumed a significant monitoring role of the concentrated ownership in constraining managers’ opportunistic behaviours, only blockholder with at least 5% of firm’s outstanding shares were significantly effective in controlling managers’ opportunistic behaviours estimated by discretionary accruals. However, and in line with the researcher expectations, family firms were a fertile environment for earnings management. With regard to the subjectivist approach, this thesis adopted other complementary approaches such as questionnaire and face-to-face interviews to achieve the research goals. Indeed, these approaches seek mainly to explore participants’ perceptions to evaluate the controlling functions of the monitoring tools, and further, to shed light on the main techniques used to alter firm’s earnings via accruals decisions. However, with a valid response rate (42.8%) extracted from 320 distributed questionnaires from various respondents (i.e. board members, AC members, external auditors and governmental employees), the participants noted the following techniques as the main choices to alter firm’s earnings in Jordan; “altering depreciation policy”, “altering account receivable policy” and “altering inventory amounts". In terms of the monitoring tools, in general, the participants suggested ownership mechanisms as a deterrent tool to constrain EM in comparison with CG mechanisms, in which the recorded perceptions revealed weak monitoring effects on EM decisions. To provide further insights to achieve the research objectives, the researcher interviewed twelve participants selected during the process of administering the questionnaires. The interviewees indicated favouritism, tribalism and Arab spring as the main obstacles that hindered the CG mechanisms from being deterrent tools to activate the monitoring roles of these mechanisms. In addition, independence issue for both board and AC members is still mere ink on paper since the previous obstacles played a significant role in restricting this issue in Jordan. It is worth mentioning that, adopting a functionalist research position to achieve the thesis goals through a mixed-methodology approach has helped the researcher to widen the adopted theoretical framework in this thesis, to go beyond the adoption of one theory (agency theory) by considering the effects of the institutional theory, resource dependency theory and stewardship theory.
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Allen, Holly Lee. "Factor Structure of the Jordan Performance Appraisal System: A Multilevel Multigroup Study Using Categorical and Count Data." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8726.
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Development of the Jordan Performance Appraisal System (JPAS) was completed in 1996. This study examined the factor structure of the classroom observation instrument used in the JPAS. Using observed classroom instructional quality ratings of 1220 elementary teachers of Grades 1-6 in the Jordan School District, this study estimated the factor structure of the data and the rater effect on relevant structural parameters. This study also tested for measurement invariance at the within and between levels across teachers of two grade-level groups (a) lower grades: Grades 1-3 and (b) upper grades: Grades 4-6. Factor structure was estimated using complex exploratory factor analysis (EFA) conducted on a subset of the original data. The analysis provided evidence of a three-factor model for the combined groups. The results of multiple confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) conducted using a different subset of the data cross-validated EFA results. Results from multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) indicated the three-factor model fit best at both the within and the between levels, and that the intraclass correlation (ICC) was high (.699), indicating significant rater-level variance. Results from a multilevel multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MLMG-CFA) indicated that the ICC was not significantly different between groups. Results also indicated configural, metric (weak factorial), and scalar (strong factorial) equivalence between groups. This study provided one of the first examples of how to estimate the impact of cluster-level variables such as rater on grouping variables nested at the within level. It provided an example of how to conduct a multilevel multigroup analysis on count data. It also disproved the assumption that counting classroom teaching behaviors was less subjective than using a categorical rating scale. These results will provide substantial information for future developments made to the classroom observation instrument used in the JPAS.
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Idris, Mohammed Ibrahim. "The impact of ownership structure and external audit on accruals and real activities earnings management in Jordan." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2012. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2331/.
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Agency theory predicts that ownership structure monitoring mechanisms can effectively align the interests of managers with those of the shareholders. In additions, it views external audit as a function that lends credibility to the information disclosed in financial reports. Prior research sustains these predictions in developed markets such as in the US. However, institutional settings such as ownership structure and regulatory oversight bodies differ around the world and accordingly, the sustainability of agency theory predictions might also differ. Further, little research differentiates between accruals and real activities earnings management in contexts such as the Jordanian where ownership is concentrated, investors’ protection is weak and capital market is still evolving. Therefore, this study addresses these issues and investigates the validity of agency theory predictions concerning the effectiveness of ownership structure and external audit monitoring mechanisms in mitigating both accruals and real activities earnings management in Jordan. In this study, four measures of earnings management are estimated through the models of Kothari et al. (2005) and Roychowdhury (2006). Magnitudes of abnormal accruals are obtained from the former model and magnitudes of abnormal cash flow from operating activities, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses are obtained from the latter model. As a result, four empirical models are constructed in which the estimated earnings management measures represent the dependent variables. Independent variables in each empirical model are the same and are classified into three categories: first, ownership structure variables include ownership concentration, controlling shareholders, institutional ownership and foreign ownership. The second category includes external audit quality measured by auditor size. Third, a set of control variables include board size, leverage, growth and firm size. These models are tested using the population of all manufacturing firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange over the period 2005 – 2008. The results reveal that controlling shareholders appear effective in constraining accruals manipulations, sales manipulations and production costs manipulations. As for manipulations in discretionary expenses, the results show that only high levels of institutional ownership can effectively deter abnormal discretionary expenses. Moreover, contrary to the popular convention, the results suggest that non-big 5 auditors in Jordan who in fact mitigate abnormal accruals not big 5 auditors. Finally, no evidence is found supportive of the substitutive effect. That is, firms that are prevented from managing their earnings through accruals due to the enhanced scrutiny of non-big 5 auditors, do not resort to sales manipulations, production costs manipulations or discretionary expenses manipulations as substitutes to achieve desired levels of reported earnings. Given these findings, the present study provides understanding and extension for agency theory literature that focuses on earnings management in general and in emerging markets in particular. It highlights challenges to applicability of agency theory in emerging markets where corporate governance mechanisms are supposed to mitigate the practice of earnings management. As such, these findings could be helpful to investors and other stakeholders in making rational contractual decisions, especially when such decisions involve non-owner-controlled firms. Finally, Amman Stock Exchange could impose the corporate governance codes that actively promote internal corporate governance mechanisms to restrain accruals and real activities earnings management.
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Carvalho, Francisco Paulo Vilhena Antunes Bernardino. "Inferência para Modelos com Commutative Orthogonal Block Structure." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11088.
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Os modelos com Orthogonal Block Structure (OBS) foram introduzidos por Nel der (1965a)[35], (1965b)[36]. Estes modelos desempenham um papel importante no delineamento e análise de experiências, ver por exemplo Calinski & Kageyama (2000), (2003). Um modelo pertence a esta classe se tiver matriz de covariância V, dada pela combinação linear de matrizes de projecção ortogonal mutuamente ortogonais conhecidas P1, ..., Pw , O objectivo deste trabalho é o estudo da inferência para um caso particular importante dos modelos com OBS. Se a matriz T de projecção ortogonal sobre o espaço varrido pelo vector médio comutar com as P1 i ... , Pw, o modelo terá Commutative Orthogonal Block Structure (COBS). Para perceber a importância destes modelos bastará pensar que, comutando T e V, os estimadores de mínimos quadrados dos respectivos vectores estimáveis são Best Linear Unbiased Estimator, ver Zmyslony (1978). Após apresentarmos resultados preliminares que nos serão úteis, estudaremos a teoria para os modelos com COBS, particularizando em seguida para: modelos estritamente associados e modelos com cross-nesting equilibrado. Para cada um destes casos particulares, apresentaremos um exemplo de forma a demonstrar a utilização e aplicabilidade.
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Models with Orthogonal Block Structure (OBS) were introduced by Nelder (1965a)[35], (1965b)[361. This models play an important role in the design and analysis of experiments, e. g. Calinski & Kageyama (2000), (2003). A model beings to this class if it has covariance matrix V, given by the linear combination of know mutually orthogonal orthogonal projection matrices P1,.... , Pw. The objective of Chis work is the study of inference for an important particular case of models with OBS. If T, the matrix of orthogonal projection on the range space spanned by the mean vector, commutes with Pl, ... , Pw, the model will have Commutative Orthogonal Block Structures (COBS). To understand the importance of this models, we just have to think that, commuting T e V, the least square estimators of the estimable vectors are Best Linear Unbiased Estimators, e. g. Zmyslony (1978). After presenting preliminary results that will be useful to our work, we will study the theory for models with COBS, in particular to: strictly associated models and models with balanced cross-nesting. For each of this cases we will present an example to show their use and applicability.
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Marin, Jean-Michel. "Statistiques des modèles à structure de covariance bande-diagonale linéaire." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30123.
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Alwshah, Khaldoun Abd Allh Mahmoud. "The impact of corporate governance and ownership structure on performance and financial decisions of firms : evidence from Jordan." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6971.
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The objective of this thesis is to investigate the role of corporate governance and agency conflicts in determining corporate performance, foreign investment and corporate financial decisions. For this purpose, it uses firm-level corporate governance and ownership data from Jordan. Jordan is an economy in which the prevailing corporate structures and regulatory mechanisms provide a data set that lends itself particularly well to the examination of these issues. First, we provide a detailed and timely review of ownership and corporate governance structure characteristics for a unique database which we hand-collected from a sample of 519 firm-year observations of financial and non-financial Jordanian listed firms between 2004 and 2006. This work significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge, by providing a detailed picture of firm-level corporate governance structures in Jordan as one of the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. Second, we investigate the relationship between internal corporate governance structure and firm performance. Our analysis reveals that traditional managerial agency explanations (i.e. conflict between managers and shareholders) do not appear to hold in the Jordanian context. Instead, the main agency concern for Jordanian firms seems to be the one between founding families and minority shareholders. Our findings support the view that CEO duality has an adverse effect on firm performance. However, CEO membership on the board and concentrated ownership tend to have a positive effect on company performance. The presence of strong foreign equity ownership in firms enhances their firm performance and complements the relatively weak monitoring by domestic institutional investors. Third, we investigate the relationship between corporate governance and foreign investment decisions, by focusing on the influence of founding family ownership and control on foreign equity ownership. We document that founding family ownership and founding family control exert a significant influence on foreign investors‟ decisions. Our findings suggest that foreign investors are less likely to invest in Jordanian firms with higher founding family ownership and control. Institutional investors and board characteristics have a negative effect on foreign ownership. Additionally, we find that firms with greater growth potential and large firms seem to be more attractive to foreign investors and they avoid firms that pay high dividends. Fourth, we analyse the potential links between corporate governance and corporate cash holdings. This work significantly contributes to the existing literature on cash holdings by investigating the impact of founding family ownership and large foreign ownership on corporate cash holdings. We find strong evidence that the levels of founding family ownership exert a significant influence on cash holding decisions of Jordanian firms. We document a non-linear relationship between founding family ownership and cash holdings. In addition, we provide evidence that the presence of large foreign investors leads to lower cash holdings. Finally, we detect that corporate cash holding is positively associated with market-to-book value and dividends and negatively associated with cash flow, leverage, size and tangibility.
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Green, John David Michael. "Ritual and social structure in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Southern Levant : the cemetery at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444724/.
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This thesis examines ritual and social structure in the Southern Levantine Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages, through a detailed study of the cemetery at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh (Jordan). The cemetery phases examined date broadly from the late thirteenth to tenth centuries BCE, and consist of approximately 300 burials. Two socio-historical settings are of relevance here. The first (13th-12th Centuries BCE) relates to a final phase of Egyptian economic and military domination in the region. The second (11th-10th/9th Centuries BCE) relates to a widespread re-emergence of local semi-independent polities in the Central Valleys after the collapse of the Late Bronze Age city-states and the Egyptian withdrawal. It is argued that responses to widespread socio-political cultural and economic changes in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age transition had a significant impact on social structure and kinship relations - affecting the ways in which the dead were perceived and treated by the living. Through a combined quantitative and contextual study of the burial data, aspects of variability in the expression of social rank, age and gender, and cultural identity in the Sa'idiyeh cemetery are examined, and in turn compared and contrasted with 'living' societal models. Elements of continuity and change are explored, including attitudes to the body, variability in the deposition of grave-objects, and aspects of commemoration, re-use and cemetery organization. The relationship between ritual and social structure is examined through a 'rites of passage' framework that breaks down the burial context both temporally and spatially. It is argued that aspects of status and identity (as expressed by the living survivors) were partly formulated and transformed through the deposition of special objects and the elaboration of ritual space. These actions helped to create and reproduce social distinctions through ritual performance and memory. The results of this analysis provide new insights into the societies of the Jordan Valley in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. In the 13th-12th Centuries, 'death-styles' at Sa'idiyeh are seen as reflecting social inequalities and unstable relationships between dominant foreign powers and local elites, with evidence for ritual innovation, elite emulation, and individualized status expression in death. In the 11th-10th Centuries, changing socio-economic and political conditions contributed to the formation of a more 'egalitarian' social structure, with emerging gender inequalities and expressions of associative status that emphasized kinship relations within commemorative death rituals.
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Al-Khawaaldah, Bani Hasan Abdullah A. K. "Accounting disclosure, financial transparency, ownership structure and corporate governance : implications for internal and external WVB Jordanian credit risk assessments." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1097.
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Creditworthiness is a quality that is important to all stakeholders of an organisation, especially bondholders. It is posited that good corporate governance practices assist the confidence that stakeholders have in an organization’s ability to generate the strong cash flows that are needed to meet financial obligations, which in turn should enhance credit risk assessments. Much research has been conducted into rating assessments, but these have largely been directed at developed markets and they have not generally been focused on the impact of good corporate governance practices and procedures. The primary focus of this research is to address this issue through an investigation into the impact of key factors upon the credit risk assessments of listed companies on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) in Jordan, as assessed by World'vest Base Inc. (WVB) credit risk assessment scores for Jordanian companies between 2005 and 2007 inclusively. Drawing upon insights from agency (including management disciplining and wealth redistribution hypotheses), stewardship, stakeholder, signalling, legitimacy and the diffusion of innovation theories, this thesis investigates the determinants of WVB credit risk assessments of Jordanian firms under five headings: accounting and financial aspects, market and regulatory perspectives, influence of ownership structure, financial transparency/disclosure and corporate governance factors. To achieve this, an array of modelling techniques is used in order to provide a more comprehensive picture. They include bivariate analysis, one-way analysis of variance, ordinary least square regressions for numerical scores, binary logistic regressions, and ordinal logistic regression. The results demonstrate that accounting and financial factors have a significant impact on credit risk assessments but not capital intensity. Profitability is positively associated with credit risk assessments, while leverage and loss propensity have a negative association. With respect to market and regulatory factors, size and Tobin’s Q are positively associated with credit risk assessments. By contrast type of sector and audit are not related to credit risk assessments. Foreign ownership enhances ratings, whilst institutional ownership has a negative impact. Also, insider ownership and family ownership have some importance. It was surprising to find that whilst financial transparency and disclosure variables are significantly associated positively with credit risk assessments in some models, they were generally not significant across other models. Nevertheless, the study finds empirical evidence to support a degree of association between credit risk assessments and corporate governance factors. There is also a positive association between board size and credit risk assessments, but the most important aspect of corporate governance for Jordanian firms is board expertise. The originality of this thesis also embraces the inclusion not only of externally published WVB risk assessments in the Jordanian context, but also internal numerical ratings that were made available with kind permission from the WVB agency for the purposes of this research. The question is whether there are insights that can be gained from such internal ratings that have not hitherto been made available to other researchers. The answer is in the affirmative, for role duality on the board of directors is evidently more important to WVB’s own internal numerical rating assessments than is evidenced by the WVB externally published credit risk assessments. Specifically, the significance of corporate governance (role duality) is missed by multivariate models that are based solely on externally published data. Furthermore, financial transparency and disclosure variables reveal more (albeit moderate) support for the more refined internal scores of WVB than for the external assessment ratings. Finally, family ownership is also important to WVB’s internal scores. Thus, this research has enabled deeper insights to be gained into credit risk assessment determinants within the Jordanian context.
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Hamasha, Hassan Refai [Verfasser], Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, Ahmad [Akademischer Betreuer] El-oqlah, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Oberprieler. "Phylogeny of Eurasian Stipeae, genetic structure and seed germination of Stipa spp. in Jordan / Hassan Refai Hamasha. Betreuer: Isabell Hensen ; Ahmad El-oqlah ; Christoph Oberprieler." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024976874/34.
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Abduljaber, Malek. "The Dimensionality of Political Ideology in the Arab World Comparing the Structure of Political Attitudes on Political Parties' and Mass Publics' Levels in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, and Morocco." Thesis, Wayne State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10606181.
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<p> This dissertation explores the structure of political attitudes on the political parties’, as well as mass public levels in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco. I present the dimensionality, nature and structuration of political ideologies in these countries. In doing so, I describe the determinants, constituents, and components constructing parties’ and citizens’ political maps that are constantly competing for electoral, as well as actual, relevance within all societal domains. This work provides the first systematic empirical analysis of party systems in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco. It explores three basic characteristics of the party system in each case: the number of relevant parties, level of ideological polarization and the degree of parties’ institutionalization. </p><p> The dissertation begins with analyzing political parties’ policy positions obtained from a content analysis of their manifestos. The content analysis measure parties’ political preferences on thirty political issues distributed on seven policy domains: foreign relations, democracy, economy, religion, culture, welfare and social groups while party politics literature in the Arab World is increasingly attempting to identify the most relevant political conflicts in the region, the empirical investigation of parties’ policy preferences in the region is non-existent. I provide evidence that political parties’ attitudes structure, political ideology, is organized on two dimensions: an economic, as well as a cultural one. The extent to which the economy should be regulated and whether Islam should play an active role in organizing politics and society constitute the main conflicts constructing the attitudes structure of Arab political parties in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco. </p><p> Next, I analyze the attitudes structures of mass publics in Algeria, Egypt, Jordan and Morocco to compare these to their political parties’ counterparts. Using the Sixth Wave of the World Values Survey, 2010–2014, the dissertation concludes that mass publics’ attitudes structures in these four Arab nations are differ from their parties’ equivalents’. Ordinary citizens in the Arab World seem to structure their attitudes according to four dimensions: Welfare, Religion, Economy and Culture. Despite the extensive literature arguing that political elites and actors, mainly political parties, influence the structure of attitudes on the mass level, this dissertation presents evidence that contradicts such an assessment. This result indicates that elite political preferences may prove irrelevant in shaping mass publics political ideologies in certain contexts such as the Arab World. It also corroborates the assumption suggesting that political parties compete on a different ideological space than citizens. The attitudes structure on the mass level is shown to be more complex than that on the parties’ level. </p><p> Finally, I present an in-depth analysis of Algerian, Egyptian, and Jordanian and Moroccan party systems. The evidence indicates that party systems’ number of relevant actors, level of ideological polarization and the degree of institutionalization differ across countries. Morocco reflects the most stable system with few stable parties, medium level of ideological polarization and parties’ with strong organizations and deep roots in society. On the other hand, Jordan exhibits the weakest party system with a single relevant mass party, absent ideological polarization and weak parties. Algeria and Egypt withered similar political histories producing party systems with a strong state backed party and few strong opposition actors, high ideological polarization between Islamists and liberals and few highly institutionalized parties.</p><p>
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Bradley-Williams, David Beowulf. "Jordan groups and homogeneous structures." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9006/.
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Crapsky, Cyrille. "Développements asymptotiques des intégrales-fibres dans le cas d'un diviseur à croisements normaux et applications." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10117.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre général de l'étude des singularités des applications analytiques complexes où, d'un point de vue géométrique, des singularités d'hypersurfaces complexes. Il est consacré à la description des développements asymptotiques des intégrales-fibres dans le cas où la fibre singulière est un diviseur à croisements normaux et à une application de ces résultats qui permet d'obtenir, par résolution des singularités, une nouvelle démonstration du supplément au théorème de la monodromie de M. G. M. Van Doorn et J. H. M. Steenbrink
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Bertram, Wolfgang. "The geometry of Jordan and Lie structures /." Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0816/00066150-d.html.
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Smith, Neil G. "Social boundaries and state formation in ancient Edom a comparative ceramic approach /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386655.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 680-736).
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Kreishan, Fuad M. "Evaluation of structural adjustment programmes in Jordan." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410384.
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Al, Tal Raed. "Structures of authority a sociopolitical account of architectural and urban programs in Amman, Jordan (1953-1999) /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Sheppard, Barnaby. "On generalisations of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem to Jordan structures." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301909.
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The main theorem of the thesis asserts that if B is a JB*-subtriple of a JB*triple A such that B separates oe(An U {O}, then if A or B is postliminal, A=B. The main theorem and many of the other key results of the thesis are generalisations of the results of Kaplansky (1951) and Glimm (1960) on the Stone-Weierstrass conjecture for C* -algebras. We first prove a Stone-Weierstrass theorem for postliminal JB-algebras. This plays an essential role in the proof of the main theorem and is also important in the proof of our second main result, the Glimm-Stone-Weierstrass theorem for JB-algebras. Vital to the Glimm-Stone-Weierstrass proof, we show that if A is a universally reversible prime and antiliminal JB-algebra, then S(A) C P(A). Conversely, if A is universally reversible and of dimension greater than one, S(A) C P(A) implies A is prime and antiliminal. The C* -algebra version of this theorem is due to Tomiyama and Takesaki (1961). By means of the universal enveloping C*-algebra functor, we show that if , the Stone-Weierstrass conjecture is true for C* -algebras then it is true for JB-algebras. Employing a similar technique we prove Stone-Weierstrass theorems for semi-finite JW-algebras and type I JW-algebras, building on results of Akemann (1969- 70). The crucial result of the thesis reduces the Stone-Weierstrass separation condition for JB*-triples locally to that of JB*-algebras. Using this in conjunction with the Stone-Weierstrass theorem for postliminal JB-algebras is an essential part of the proof of the main theorem
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Al-Gharaibeh, Mohammad Mufleh [Verfasser], Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Roeser, and Regina [Akademischer Betreuer] Classen-Bockhof. "Seed germination and genetic structure of two Salvia species in response to environmental variables among phytogeographic regions in Jordan (Part I) and Phylogeny of the pan-tropical family Marantaceae (Part II) / Mohammad Mufleh Al-Gharaibeh ; Isabell Hensen, Martin Roeser, Regina Classen-Bockhof." Halle, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124841199/34.
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Chenal, Julien. "Structures géométriques liées aux algèbres de Lie graduées." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10036/document.
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Le but de cette thèse est de définir un objet géométrique associé aux algèbres de Lie (2k+1)-graduées. Dans le cas d'une algèbre de Lie $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, l'objet géométrique associé est un espace symétrique G/H et l'objet infinitésimal associé est un système triple de Lie. Dans le cas où notre algèbre de Lie est 3-graduée, alors l'objet géométrique associé est une géométrie projective généralisée et l'objet infinitésimal correspondant est une paire de Jordan. Dans le cas général, nous appellerons cet objet géométrique une géométrie de drapeaux généralisée. La construction de cet objet est basée sur la notion de groupe projectif élémentaire et de complétion projective introduite par O. Loos et reprise par J.R. Faulkner. Ensuite, en utilisant la notion de filtration d'une algèbre de Lie, on arrive à réaliser la géométrie de drapeaux généralisée comme orbites sous le groupe projectif élémentaire de deux filtrations canoniques, associées à la graduation de l'algèbre de Lie. Dans le cas particulier de l'agèbre de Lie $\mathfrak{g}=End_R(V)$, des endomorphismes d'un module $V$ sur une algèbre associative $R$, alors la géométrie de drapeaux généralisée se réalise comme orbites de drapeaux de $V$; ce qui justifie le nom choisi de "géométrie de drapeaux généralisée". Enfin, dans un dernier temps, en utilisant un calcul différentiel généralisé, on peut construire sur la géométrie de drapeaux généralisée une structure de variété différentiable<br>The goal of this thesis is to define a geometric objet associated to graded Lie algebras. In the case of a $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ graded Lie algebra, this object is a symmetric space G/H and the infinitesimal object associated is a Lie triple system. If the Lie algebra is 3-graded, the geometry is called a generalized projective geometry and the infinitesimal object is a Jordan pair. In the general case, the geometric object will be called a generalized flag geometry. Its contruction needs the notions of elementary projective group and projective completion, definied by O. Loos and used by J. R. Faulkner. Then, by the notion of filtrations of a Lie algebras, a realization of the generalized flag geometry of a graded Lie algebra can be done as orbits under the elementary projective group of two natural filtrations, associated to the graduation. In the example $\mathfrak{g}=End_R(V)$, consisting of the endomorphisms of a module $V$ on a assocative algebra $R$, then the generalized flag geometry is realized like orbits of flags of $V$; so, it justifies the chosen name: "generalized flag geometry". To finish, using a generalized differential calculus, we can construct on this generalized flag geometry a structure of smooth manifold
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Johansson, Pedher. "Software tools for matrix canonical computations and web-based software library environments." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Dept. of Computing Science, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-890.
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Jordan, Felix [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Metzler. "The evolution of altruistic defense traits in structured populations / Felix Jordan. Betreuer: Dirk Metzler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084582759/34.
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Gurney, Lisa Renay. "Compositional and Structural Properties of Emulsion-Treated Base Material: 7800 South in West Jordan, Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3792.
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The objectives of this research were 1) to examine correlations between compositional and structural properties of emulsion-treated base (ETB) layers, determine which of these factors exhibit the greatest spatial variability, and determine if significant differences exist between different test sections on a given project and 2) to investigate temporal trends in the structural properties of base materials treated with asphalt emulsion and to assess the rate at which ETB design properties are achieved. The research conducted in this study focused on testing of the ETB layer constructed on 7800 South (SR-48) in West Jordan, Utah. The research conducted in this study involved field and laboratory evaluations of spatial and temporal variability in properties of ETB. Regarding spatial results, the average modulus values of the ETB layer were unusually low for a typical stabilized base material and were in general even lower than the subgrade modulus values at this test site. All three sections had high moisture contents after compaction, with the moisture content of the ETB layer exceeding the specified optimum moisture content at many locations even before the emulsion was injected. One of the three test sections had higher percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement and emulsion than the other two. The ETB compressive strength was very low throughout the entire year of testing, clearly demonstrating the consequences of inadequate emulsion curing associated with this project. The statistical analyses showed that higher pre-treatment moisture contents and higher amounts of binder added were associated with lower stiffness and strength, while higher wet densities were associated with higher stiffness and strength. The analyses also showed substantial variation in most response variables but comparatively low variation in predictor variables. Only four structural properties were significantly different between sections. Temporal testing was performed to monitor the properties of the ETB layer and to compare the ETB section to an adjacent untreated base course (UTBC) section. The ETB moisture content did not change significantly during the 1-year monitoring period, showing that drying of the ETB layer did not occur following placement of the hot mix asphalt surface. Furthermore, the analyses provided no evidence that the ETB layer experienced any sustained increase in strength as a result of emulsion curing; instead, the ETB modulus was shown to be greatly dependent on season, with higher ETB moisture contents and temperatures corresponding to lower ETB modulus values. Even during the winter when the ETB stiffness reached its peak, the modulus was still below the target value specified for this project. The statistical analyses indicated that the modulus values of the ETB and UTBC layers were not statistically different.
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Sköld, Jenny. "Med örat mot jorden : Att kommunicera arkeologi och arkeologisk forskning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295828.
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The archaeological communication process can be hard to grasp. There are laws to take into consideration, not to mention the Government structure for culture and arts. This essay explains and simplifies the Swedish organizational communication with focus on archaeology. This study is aiming to clarify all the steps archaeological research needs to pass before reaching the public. The essay will also explore why it is important to communicate archaeological results, and if it reaches out to the extent that is expected. If it is not, the study will present examples of solutions and actions that can be taken to improve the mediation. The essay only investigates the archaeology process in Sweden. There are several Government institutions that are affected by the laws that protect ancient monuments, this study will at first hand observe the ones that have a direct effect on the archaeology communication process. By a survey, interviews and literature studies, the purpose with this study has become clear. The results have been reached by positivism and empiricism as theoretical basis. The literature consisted largely of writings on the subject communication theory, Swedish law and Government structure. The conclusion is that in the archaeology process, there are many factors that effects the outcome of archaeological mediation. Laws, “cultural goals” and several Government institutions has a saying in how, why and where the archaeological research findings are distributed. The PR-model chosen by Government institutions is often “The Public Information model”, but in this case there is no specific common model used by all the institutions that have an influence on the distribution of archaeological results. There is no survey done to show how the public are receiving the results given by “The Public Information model”. According to a small survey done to complete this essay there would be much to gain for all parts if the results of archaeological investigations used another model, or if the stakeholders could agree on the issue of how archaeological results should be communicated to the population. A factor that complicates this kind of work is the attitude in the governing body that considers culture (including archaeology) a non-commercial subject. As a result, archaeology is not seen as a brand that could be marketed. A factor that can affect the popularity for the subject.
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Al-Saleh, Mohammed. "When Anti-Corruption Initiatives Meet the Culture of Wasta: The Case of Public Sector Reforms in Jordan." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34318.
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Jordan has strived to manage a large-scale anti-corruption initiative for the public sector since 2006. Despite the implementation of laws and bodies mandated to address corruption, public trust of government remains low and the country’s position on international corruption rankings has not improved. This study seeks to investigate how the implementation of a large-scale anti-corruption initiative impacts the organizational culture of the country’s public sector. It proposes that wasta, a unique Arab phenomenon that promotes the values of loyalty, represents the most significant barrier to penetrating what is essentially a normalized culture of corruption in the Government of Jordan. The organizational culture theory model was adopted as the theoretical framework because of its ability to account for differences in culture where promoted values do not necessarily correspond with employee actions. Because literature in this area is rare, a qualitative exploratory methodology was chosen. Based on data saturation, a total of 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted on-site in Jordan with mid-level managers identified using snowball sampling. The results prove the theoretical proposal to be accurate and show that wasta has evolved to the deepest level of organizational culture. The results are sub-divided into two major themes: culture and leadership. The results show that wasta is a deeply held and engrained part of organizational culture and that it is difficult for anti-corruption efforts to change this culture in the Jordanian public sector. The thesis also demonstrate how leadership can be both something negative or something positive in the fight against wasta depending on how it is used.. The findings carry implications for public administration, foreign policy, and society as a whole especially with regard to the development of more effective anti-corruption strategies in Jordan and abroad. The specific contribution to knowledge of this thesis is the examination of how organizational cultural reforms impact public-sector organizations in the
Middle Eastern context given the influence of wasta, which is not discussed in the literature but remains important for the field. Future research should consider the views of a wider variety of stakeholders, as well as the impact of wasta on organizational characteristics including performance and delivery of public services.
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Al, Tarawneh Maha Atallah. "Structural setting of the Jordan Northern Highlands : an integrated study using surface and sub-surface geological data by utilizing GIS Technology." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10001.
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This study was designed, for the identification of the General structural style of this part of Jordan by: (1) Definition of dominant structural styles in the JNH: such as the main structural elements, basins, and highs; (2) Inference of the structural setup and its tectonic significance, and (3) Identification of the influence of the Dead Sea Transform on the geological setting of the JNH area.
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Cardoso, Joselina Alves. "CRÔNICA LITERÁRIA NO JORNAL: HISTÓRIA, ESTRUTURA E FUNCIONAMENTO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2008. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3270.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-16<br>The present work aims to analyse the history, structure and operation of the chronicle. The
starting point is the origin of this genre, how it turned throughout and the form it reached
singularity as a literary genre, crating, throughout the years, representative persons who gave
the chronicle its characteristic as a literary genre that has its place reserved on the press. It is
considered studies that have been made by stablished writers. The study is divided in three
chapters. It is also studied the structure of the literary genres: from drama to novel, from short
story to chronicle. Aristóteles is the starting point to the textual organization of the genres.
The study of the literary genres interests to this work because it helps to understand the
chronicle as a independent genre. As the structure of the chronicle is analysed, that is
characterized for its poetic expression, it is also studied the characteristic of each genre, in
order to, at the end of the work, the reader knows the objective of this research. For having a
particular connection between writers and the journalistic press, on the third charpter it is
analysed the production of four writers from Goiás (Aidenor Aires, Brasigóis Felício, Gabriel
Nascente and Luiz de Aquino) writers who publish chronicles in two daily newspapers: O
Popular and Diário da Manhã. Along the analyses it is included passages of their chronicles
and passages of the interviews the writers gave to the author of this work.<br>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a história, estrutura e funcionamento da
crônica literária no jornal. O ponto de partida é o estudo sobre a gênese desse gênero, como
ele se transfigurou ao longo dos tempos e a forma com que atingiu a singularidade como
gênero literário, criando, durante sua trajetória, representantes atuantes e conscientes do papel
que a crônica, como gênero literário, pode oferecer ao espaço no jornal reservado à produção
literária. Levam-se em conta estudos feitos por autores consagrados. Divide-se o trabalho em
três capítulos. Vê-se, também, a estrutura dos gêneros literários: do drama ao romance, do
conto à crônica. Aristóteles é o ponto de partida, para que façamos a devida organização
textual por gênero. O estudo dos gêneros literários interessa ao trabalho na medida em que
auxilia na compreensão da crônica como gênero literário. À medida que se faz a descrição da
estrutura, que é caracterizada pela expressividade poética, estuda-se a característica específica
de cada tipologia abordada, a fim de que, ao término do trabalho, o leitor tenha noção geral
das teorias que nortearam este trabalho. Por haver uma relação particularizada entre os
cronistas e as empresas jornalísticas, analisam-se, no terceiro capítulo, quatro autores goianos
(Aidenor Aires, Brasigóis Felício, Gabriel Nascente e Luiz de Aquino), cujas crônicas são
publicadas em dois jornais diários de Goiás: O Popular e Diário da Manhã. Ao longo das
análises, incluem-se trechos de crônicas e das entrevistas concedidas pelos cronistas à autora
desta dissertação.
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Galloulckydio, Flavia Corrêa. "Estrutura temática do gênero reportagem na revista Veja e no jornal A Nova Democracia: o caso Santiago." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9456.
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A presente pesquisa investiga as escolhas temáticas de textos jornalísticos, especificamente de reportagens, que partem do mesmo evento, mas que são produzidos e publicados em linhas editoriais distintas. Nosso objetivo geral, com este estudo, é proporcionar subsídios para que sejam superados paradigmas ainda baseados na dicotomia texto e gramática na Escola Básica, como também colaborar para a promoção de um ensino mais crítico e reflexivo, a fim de que os estudantes possam atuar em sociedade com autonomia. Para isso, elegemos como corpus duas reportagens de veículos ideologicamente antagônicos: o jornal A Nova Democracia e a revista Veja. Considerando que o contexto de cultura e o contexto de situação são determinantes para as escolhas linguísticas dos textos, examinamos a organização temática dos períodos que compõem as reportagens. Como referencial teórico, elegemos a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (GSF) de Halliday (1978; 1994; 2004), centrando-se especificamente na função Tema, pertencente à Estrutura Temática na Metafunção Textual, um dos níveis de análise da GSF, que organiza a oração como mensagem e sistematiza os significados ideacionais. O objetivo específico deste trabalho é, portanto, analisar até que ponto as diferenças ideológicas afetam as escolhas temáticas dos textos. Com essa finalidade, dedicamo-nos à análise dos Temas Ideacionais e seus significados, pois são eles os responsáveis por indicar de que maneira os autores priorizaram as informações nos períodos que compõem e organizam as mensagens contidas nos textos. Como método de pesquisa, anotamos e classificamos manualmente cada um dos dados quantitativos e, em seguida, passamos a uma análise qualitativa dos Temas assinalados. Os resultados apontam que ambos os textos apresentam uma alta frequência de Temas Ideacionais Participantes, mas semanticamente distintos. Quanto aos Temas Ideacionais Processos e Circunstâncias, eles evidenciam discrepâncias sintáticas e semânticas significativas, que revelam representações diferentes dos narradores frente ao mesmo evento.<br>This research investigates the thematic choices of journalistic texts, specifically news, talking about the same event, but which are produced and published in different editorial lines. Our main goal with this study is to provide information so that paradigms still based on the dichotomy text and grammar at the basic school can be overcome, as well as to contribute to the promotion of a more critical and reflective teaching, so that students can socially act with autonomy. That is the reason why we have chosen as corpus two articles of ideologically antagonistic vehicles: the newspaper A Nova Democracia and Veja magazine. Considering that the context of culture and the context of situation are crucial to the language choices of the texts, we examine the thematic organization of the periods that make up the stories. The theoretical framework we have chosen is the systemic-functional grammar (SFG) of Halliday (1978; 1994; 2004), specifically focusing on the Theme function, which belongs to the Thematic Structure in Textual Metafunction, one of the levels of analysis of the SFG, which organizes the sentence as message and systematizes the ideational meanings. The specific objective of this study is therefore to analyze the extent to which ideological differences affect the thematic choices of texts. Having this goal in mind, we have dedicated ourselves to the analysis of Ideational Themes and their meanings because they are responsible for indicating the way how the authors prioritized information in the periods that make up and organize the messages contained in the texts. As a research method, we have noted and manually classified quantitative data. The results show that both texts have a high frequency of participant but semantically distinct Ideational Themes. As for processes and circumstances Ideational Themes, they show significant syntactic and semantic discrepancies, which reveal different representations of narrators facing the same event.
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Hofstetter, Marcel, and Nima Pashai. "Soil-structure interaction for traffic induced vibrations in buildings." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233001.
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Major cities in Sweden experience a population growth, demanding innovative solutions regarding land exploitation for residential housing. One solution is to build closer to existing railway tracks, however difficulties arise regarding determining traffic induced vibrations from trains. This sometimes results in vibrations being too large in buildings regarding comfort, resulting in expensive measures taken as to reduce the vibrations. The scope of this thesis is to investigate the soil-structure interaction caused by traffic induced vibrations in buildings using ABAQUS FE software, where the aim is to partly investigate how a structure effects surrounding soil, partly to investigate which parameters of a structure has largest favorable impact on foundation vibrations. Major results include that ground vibrations at 2-4 meters parallel to a structure relative to the vibration source remain constant, independent on whether a house is present or not. Further results show that increasing the thickness of the foundation slab has a mitigating effect on the induced vibrations. The main conclusions of this thesis include that quadratic elements are superior to linear elements for dynamic analyses for soil, and that accelerometers should be placed at least 2-4 m next to an existing structure to obtain accurate measurements comparable to if no structure was present.<br>Större städer i Sverige upplever en befolkningstillväxt, vilket resulterar i att kreativa lösningar måste introduceras gällande markexploatering för bostadshus. En sådan lösning är att bygga närmre befintlig järnväg, dock resulterar detta i svårigheter gällande att kvantifiera magnituden av trafikinducerade vibrationer i byggnadsfundament orsakade av tågtrafik. En konsekvens av detta är att vibrationsnivåerna i husen ibland blir för stora sett till komfortvibrationer, vilket resulterar i att dyra åtgärder måste tas för att minska vibrationerna. Denna avhandling syftar till att genom att använda ABAQUS FE-mjukvara utforska jord-strukturinverkan i hus orsakade av trafikvibrationer. Målet är delvis att undersöka hur byggnation påverkar omgivande markvibrationer, delvis att undersöka vilka parametrar som har störst gynnsam effekt gällande dämpning av trafikinducerade vibrationer. De viktigaste resultaten indikerar att markvibrationer 2-4 meter bredvid ett hus relativt vibrationskällan förblir oförändrade oberoende av om byggnation existerar eller ej, samt att en ökning av tjockleken av grundplattan resulterar i minskade fundamentvibrationer. Slutsatserna som presenteras är flera, däribland att kvadratiska element är mer beräkningseffektiva än linjära element för dynamiska analyser för jord, samt att accelerometrar bör placeras minst 2-4 m bredvid ett befintligt hus för att erhålla mätdata jämförbara med om ett hus inte skulle finnas på platsen.
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Rocha, Jordânia Bispo. "O telejornal local "a serviço" do cidadão: um estudo do Jornal Anhanguera 1ª edição." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8412.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-17<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This research discusses journalism and citizenship with an emphasis on local television journalism.
The general objective is to know how the subject citizenship was approached in the content of the
local telejornalismo in the period of 2010 to 2017. To reach the expected results, this study uses as
an object of analysis the Jornal Anhanguera 1a edition, television news program shown at
lunchtime by TV Anhanguera, an affiliate of Rede Globo de Televisão in Goiás. This decision is
due to the fact that the news in question underwent an intense process of changes in 2010 and since
then, it has privileged issues related to citizenship in its content.
The analysis is guided by the theoretical framework, which is divided into four chapters. The first
begins the articulation of the central themes, emphasizing the concepts of communication
(SODRÉ, 2001, 2008, 2014; MARCONDES FILHO, 2008; BRAGA, 2001) and citizenship
(PINSKY e PISNSKY, 2005; CARVALHO, 2014; SANTOS, 1994; BENEVIDES, 1994;
GENTILLI, 2005; SOUZA, 2012), and presenting the Brazilian scenario. The second discusses
journalism, its different facets and its process of structural changes (KOVACH e ROSENSTIEL,
2004; CHARRON e DE BONVILLE, 2016; GROTH, 2011; TRAQUINA, 2005; MARCONDES
FILHO, 2002, GENRO FILHO, 1987). While the third deals with television journalism and local
television journalism in its specificity (STAM, 1985; REZENDE, 2000; VIZEU, 2005;
PORCELLO, 2006; MORAES, 2012; AGUIAR, 2016), including the recent transformations that
both have experienced (BECKER, 2016; SOUZA FILHO, 2015). Finally, the last theoretical
chapter deals strictly with the relationship between journalism and citizenship, highlighting the
advantages of journalism as an ally in the construction of citizenship (ABREU, 2009; GENTILLI,
2005; GRADIM,2015). The analysis is conducted mainly from the Content Analysis proposed by
Bardin (2010) and is divided into three moments: systematic observation of eight complete editions
of the journal in question, as well as 38 specific journalistic articles on citizenship and the "Meus
Direitos" since its inception. The research showed, among other points, that the approach to issues
related to citizenship is a television news strategy to strengthen ties with a new target audience and
that this term in itself, citizenship, is not used by Jornal Anhanguera 1a edição, but serves as a
starting point for a significant part of the journalistic agenda today. The distinction of citizen
profiles in the analyzed content was also evident, just as it was found that new Information and
Communication Technologies have played equally strategic roles from the beginning of the
process of reformulating the broadcaster in 2010 until the end of 2017.<br>Esta pesquisa discute o tema jornalismo e cidadania, a partir de um recorte que privilegia o
telejornalismo local. O objetivo geral é saber como o tema cidadania foi abordado no conteúdo do
telejornalismo local no período de 2010 a 2017. Para alcançar os resultados esperados, esse estudo
utiliza como objeto de análise o Jornal Anhanguera 1a edição, telejornal exibido no horário do
almoço pela TV Anhanguera, afiliada da Rede Globo de Televisão em Goiás. Essa decisão se deve
ao fato de que o noticiário em questão passou por um intenso processo de mudanças em 2010 e,
desde então, passou a privilegiar questões relativas à cidadania em seu conteúdo. Todo o processo
analítico é guiado pelo referencial teórico, que se encontra dividido em quatro capítulos. O
primeiro inicia a articulação dos temas centrais, dando ênfase aos conceitos de comunicação
(SODRÉ, 2001, 2008, 2014; MARCONDES FILHO, 2008; BRAGA, 2001) e cidadania (PINSKY
e PISNSKY, 2005; CARVALHO, 2014; SANTOS, 1994; BENEVIDES, 1994; GENTILLI, 2005;
SOUZA, 2012) e apresentando o cenário brasileiro. O segundo discute o jornalismo, suas
diferentes facetas e seu processo de mudanças estruturais (KOVACH e ROSENSTIEL, 2004;
CHARRON e DE BONVILLE, 2016; GROTH, 2011; TRAQUINA, 2005; MARCONDES
FILHO, 2002, GENRO FILHO, 1987). Enquanto o terceiro aborda o telejornalismo e o
telejornalismo local em sua especificidade (STAM, 1985; REZENDE, 2000; VIZEU, 2005;
PORCELLO, 2006; MORAES, 2012; AGUIAR, 2016), incluindo as transformações recentes que
ambos tem vivenciado (BECKER, 2016; SOUZA FILHO, 2015). Por fim, o último capítulo teórico
contempla estritamente a relação jornalismo e cidadania, ressaltando as vantagens do jornalismo
como um aliado na construção da cidadania (ABREU, 2009; GENTILLI, 2005; GRADIM; 2015).
A análise é conduzida, principalmente, a partir da Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2010)
e é dividida em três momentos: observação sistemática de oito edições completas do noticiário em
questão, bem como de 38 matérias jornalísticas específicas sobre cidadania e do quadro “Meus
Direitos”, desde sua criação. A investigação mostrou, entre outros pontos, que a abordagem de
questões relativas à cidadania é uma estratégia do telejornal para estreitar laços com um novo
público-alvo prioritário e que esse termo em si, cidadania, não é utilizado pelo Jornal Anhanguera
1a edição, mas serve como ponto de partida para parte significativa das pautas do programa
jornalístico atualmente. Também ficou evidente a distinção de perfis de cidadãos no conteúdo
analisado, da mesma maneira que se constatou que novas Tecnologias de Informação e
Comunicação desempenharam funções igualmente estratégicas desde o início do processo de
reformulação da emissora, em 2010, até o final do ano de 2017.
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Elsheikh, Yousef M. A. "A model for the Adoption and Implementation of Web-based Government services and applications. A Study Based in Grounded Theory Validated by Structural Equation Modelling Analysis in a Jordanian Context." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5378.
Full textAbstract:
Among the many promises of the revolution in the information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly the Internet, continues to be its potential to significantly transform governments around the world. This transformation is referred to as e-government or web-based government, often used interchangeably in most of the IS literature. Despite these however, the level of adoption and use of such innovation is still low and does not meet expectations in developing countries in general and Jordan in particular. Yet, existing research on the adoption and implementation of e-government in developing countries is still lacking explanatory power for the following reasons: 1) focusing either on the supply-side, or on the demand-side separately to study the adoption and implementation of e-government, and therefore there is no enough research on the integration between them as a single phenomenon, and 2) focusing on the results of previous research, and therefore not to develop theories fit the new context to be investigated to understand the relationship between the IT implementation and social structures in the same context. This research aims to fill these gaps through the use of a holistic approach to enable in-depth understanding and gain valuable insights on the adoption and implementation of e-government from multiple perspectives, and in the real context of a developing country, namely Jordan. This would reduce the gap between government strategies and policies related to implementation of e-government services and applications on the one hand, and perceptions of citizens on the other hand, allowing a better understanding of the needs of citizens and the priorities that must be taken into account by governments in order to ensure the success of such projects on a large scale. Through two phases, this research proposes and empirically tests an integrated model of the determinants of adoption and implementation of e-government services and applications in Jordan. The first phase employs a grounded theory methodology for the development of the research model, as well as the survey instruments necessary to test the model. The second phase employs a survey questionnaire to test the research model using multivariate and SEM with the results demonstrating support for the proposed model. The empirical results indicate that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and the security of e-government systems are no longer among the main determinants that affect the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications in this particular context. This confirms that the prevailing models and theories on the adoption of IT do not apply equally to the context of developing countries such as Jordan, and thus do not explain and predict behaviour toward the adoption and implementation of e-government services and applications in the same context. There is a direct and positive relationship between citizen involvement in the change process towards e-government and the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications. There is also a strong positive relationship between the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications and the decision to use such services and applications within the same context. Unexpectedly, the prevailing sociocultural determinants indicate a direct and positive relationship with the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications in the same context. Also, the results indicate direct and negative relationships between citizen trust and website design issues with the decision to adopt and implement e-government services and applications. Finally, the research concludes by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications, limitations and future directions.
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Alkhwaldi, Albeeer F. A. H. "Jordanian Citizen-Centric Cloud Services Acceptance Model in an e-Government Context: Security Antecedents for Using Cloud Services." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18241.
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Theland, Freddie. "Prediction and experimental validation of dynamic soil-structure interaction of an end-bearing pile foundation in soft clay." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291021.
Full textAbstract:
In the built environment, human activities such as railway and road traffic, constructionworks or industrial manufacturing can give rise to ground borne vibrations. Such vibrations become a concern in urban areas as they can cause human discomfort or disruption of vibration sensitive equipment in buildings. In Sweden, geological formations of soft clay soils overlying till and a high quality bedrock are encountered in densely populated areas, which are soil conditions that are prone to high levels of ground borne vibrations. Under such soil conditions, end-bearing piles are often used in the design of building foundations. The dynamic response of a building is governed by the interaction between the soil and the foundation. It is therefore essential that models used for vibration predictions are able to capture the dynamic soil-structure interaction of pile foundations. The purpose of this thesis is to experimentally and numerically investigate dynamic soil-structure interaction of an end-bearing pile group in clay by constructing a test foundation of realistic dimensions. The small-strain properties in a shallow clay deposit are estimated using different site investigation and laboratory methods. The results are synthesised into a representative soil model to compute the free-field surface response, which is validated with vibration measurements performed at the site. It is found that detailed information regarding material damping in the clay and the topmost soil layer both have a profound influence on the predicted surface response, especially with an increasing distance from the source. Dynamic impedances of four end-bearing concrete piles driven at the site are measured. Pile-soil-pile interaction is investigated by measuring the response of the neighbour piles when one of the piles in the group is excited. The square pile group is subsequently joined in a concrete cap and measurements of the impedances of the pilegroup and acceleration measurements within the piles at depth are performed. A numerical model based on the identified soil properties is implemented and validated by the measurements. A good agreement between the predicted and measured responses and impedances of the pile group foundation is found, establishing confidence in the ability to predict the dynamic characteristics of end-bearing pile foundations under the studied soil conditions.<br>Mänsklig verksamhet i urbana miljöer så som väg- och järnvägstrafik, byggnation eller maskindrift inom industri kan ge upphov till vibrationer som sprider sig via marken i närområdet. Dessa vibrationer kan ge upphov till kännbara vibrationer eller påverka vibrationskänslig utrustning i byggnader. I Sverige förekommer ofta mjuka lerjordar ovanpå berg, och inte sällan i tätbebyggda områden. Under sådana jordförhållanden används ofta spetsbärande pålar för grundläggning av byggnader. Det dynamiska verkningssättet för byggnader är beroende av interaktionen mellan jorden och byggnadens grund. Det är därför viktigt att modeller som används för vibrationsanalys i byggnader kan beskriva denna interaktion mellan jord och byggnadsfundament. Syftet med denna avhandling är att experimentellt och via numeriska modeller studera dynamisk jord-struktur-interaktion av ett spetsbärande pålfundament i lera. Jordensmekaniska egenskaper vid små töjningar utvärderas för en lerjord som är avsatt på morän och berg genom både fältförsök och laboratorieanalyser av prover. Informationen kombineras för att konstruera en lagerförd jordmodell av platsen för att beräkna jordens dynamiska respons till följd av en punktlast. Modellen valideras med vibrationsmätningar som utförts på platsen. Studien visar att detaljerad information angående lerans materialdämpning och de mekaniska egenskaperna av jordens översta lager har en stor inverkan på förutsägelser av jordens dynamiska respons vid ytan, speciellt vid stora avstånd från vibrationskällan. Experimentella tester utförs för att mäta dynamiska impedanser av fyra slagna spetsbärande betongpålar. Interaktionen mellan pålarna utvärderas genom att utföra mätningarav de omgivande pålarnas respons till följd av excitering av en påle. Pålgruppen sammanfogas därefter i ett betongfundament och impedanserna samt accelerationer inuti pålarna uppmäts. En numerisk modell baserad på de identifierade mekaniska egenskaperna av jorden upprättas och valideras genom mätningarna. De numeriska resultaten är i god överensstämmelse med de uppmätta vilket styrker användningen av numeriska modeller för att förutsäga interaktionen mellan jord och spetsbärandepålar under de studerade jordförhållandena.<br><p>QC 20210302</p>
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Dagdelen, Turgay, and Shaho Ruhani. "Finite Element Analysis of the Dynamic Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction of Portal Frame Bridges - A Parametric Study." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231119.
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In Sweden, the railway sector currently faces the challenge of developing its first high-speed railway line, in response to the need to provide faster domestic and international transport alternatives. High-speed train passages on railway bridges can cause resonance in the bridge superstructure, which induce high accelerations that should not exceed the limits stipulated in the current design code. The most common bridge type adopted in Sweden is the portal frame bridge, an integral abutment bridge confined by surrounding soil. The soil possesses inherent material damping and radiation damping that allows energy dissipation of train-induced vibrations. Both the damping and the natural frequency of the soil-structure system influence the acceleration response of the bridge superstructure. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of soil-structure interaction on portal frame bridges. Within this thesis, a numerical parametric study was performed to gain knowledge of the dynamic effect of the relative deck-abutment stiffness on the soil-structure interaction of portal frame bridges. For four span lengths, three different boundary conditions were analyzed in the form of i) no soil, ii) backfill, and iii) half-space. The analysis was performed on two- and three-dimensional finite element models. The backfill and subsoil were modeled with both direct finite element approach, and with a simplified approach using Kelvin-Voigt models and frequency-dependent impedance functions. Furthermore, time was devoted to investigating the nonlinear compression-only behavior of the interaction between the backfill and the abutments to allow separation. The results presented in the thesis illuminate the essence of including soil-structure interaction in the dynamic analysis as both the modal damping ratio and the natural frequency increased drastically. The effect of backfill on short span bridges has shown to be more prominent on the reduction of the train-induced vibrations. For longer spans, the subsoil proved to be more significant. For the simplified models the modal damping ratios of the different span lengths have been quantified as a logarithmic trend of the first vertical bending mode. Two-dimensional models have been problematic when using plane stress elements due to the sensitivity of the element thickness on the response. Thus, such models are only recommended if validation with corresponding three-dimensional models and/or field measurements are possible. By allowing separation of the soil-structure interface, the effect of contact nonlinearity on the acceleration response has been more suitable with direct finite element approach - in which static effects of the soil are accounted for - contrary to the simplified nonlinear models with compression springs.<br>Järnvägssektorn i Sverige står inför utmaningen att utveckla den första höghastighetsbanan med syftet att erbjuda snabbare inhemska och internationella transportalternativ. Passager av höghastighetståg på järnvägsbroar kan orsaka resonans i brons överbyggnad vilket resulterar i höga accelerationer som inte får överskrida begränsningarna i dimensioneringsnormen. I plattrambroar, vilka är främst förekommande i Sverige, utförs broplattan inspänt i rambenen omslutna av jord. Jorden bidrar utöver styvhet, även med material- och strålningsdämpning där vibrationer i jorden inducerade av tågpassager tillåts dissipera. Accelerationerna i brons överbyggnad påverkas av dämpningen och egenfrekvensen av jord-struktur systemet. Med anledning av detta är det väsentligt att undersöka effeken av jord-struktur interaktionen på plattrambroar. I detta examensarbete har en numerisk parametrisk studie utförts för att erhålla kunskap om effekten av den relativa styvheten av broplattan och rambenen på jord-struktur interaktionen av plattrambroar. Fyra spännvidder har undersökts för tre olika randvillkor där i) ingen jord, ii) motfyllning samt iii) halvrymd har beaktats. Analysen utfördes på två- och tredimensionella finita element modeller. Motfyllningen respektive underliggande jord modellerades med finita element på ett direkt- samt förenklat tillvägagångssätt där Kelvin-Voigt modeller och frekvensberoende impedansfunktioner användes. Mellan motfyllningen och rambenen har separation tillåtits där det icke-linjära förhållandet av interaktionen undersöktes med tryckbeteenden för fjädrarna. Resultaten belyser vikten av att inkludera jord-struktur interaktionen i dynamiska analyser p.g.a. ökningen den medför för den modala dämpningen och egenfrekvensen. För korta spännvidder, påvisades det att effekten av motfyllningen var mer framstående för reduktionen av vibrationerna orsakade av tåg. För längre spännvidder framgick det däremot att underjorden hade en större påverkan. Effekten av jord-struktur interaktionen på spännvidderna kvantifierades som ett logaritmiskt samband för den modala dämpningen av första vertikala böjmoden. Tvådimensionella modeller har varit problematiska när plana spänningselement användes p.g.a. känsligheten i responsen orsakad av variationer i elementtjockleken. Därav rekommenderas tvådimensionella modeller endast om validering mot tredimensionella eller fältmätningar är möjliga. När separation tilläts i gränsytan av jord-struktur interaktionen, visade det sig att direkt tillvägagångssätt med finita element var mer lämplig med hänsyn till det icke-linjära kontaktbeteendet. Detta eftersom de statiska effekterna av jorden påverkade accelerationsresponsen markant. De statiska effekterna har inte varit möjliga att simulera i dem förenklade icke-linjära modeller med tryckfjädrar.
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Ikzer, Rita. "Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction of a Portal Frame Railway Bridge - Numerical Analysis on a Case Study Bridge." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231877.
Full textAbstract:
In the field of structural dynamics, a broader knowledge about relevant phenomena that affect the dynamic behavior of railway bridges is vital for structural engineers and design code administrators. The knowledge might benefit in an increased understanding of e.g. the resonance phenomena, and in improvements of the existing design codes. A phenomenon that has received more attention in recent times is the so called soil-structure interaction (SSI), as it may significantly contribute to the stiffness and damping of a structural system. Previous investigations have suggested that the influence of SSI might be crucial for short and relatively stiff structures such as portal frame bridges. Yet, this effect is usually neglected due to the lack of simple models and guidelines. Dynamic analyses have been performed on a short-span closed portal frame railway bridge, situated on the Bothnia Line, where the effect of the surrounding and underlying soil and the ballasted track, has been investigated. This has been accomplished through the adoption of multiple boundary conditions to consider different forms of soil-structure interactions. The vertical bridge response has been studied by numerical three-dimensional models, both with full FE-models and simplified models appropriate for practical design purposes. More specifically the natural frequencies and damping ratios have been scrutinized. Theoretically, it has been identified that the contribution of the soil on the global damping is largely influential, as it has been indicated that the damping ratio of the fundamental bending mode is seven times greater than the, in this case, significantly conservative recommended design value. Furthermore, SSI has shown to increase the natural frequencies which consequently shifts the critical resonant speed, allowing for higher speeds. The bridge response is predominantly affected by the backfill soil, yet the modal damping contribution is equally substantial from the backfill and the subsoil. Moreover, it has been established that the proposed simplified model is promising and in good agreement with the full model. It has also been resolved that train passages on the surrounding soil play an important role on the dynamic bridge response. Unfortunately, the simplified model has proven to be incapable of considering these train loads, implying that further development is needed to attain an adequate model that may be implemented for portal frame bridges of short span. Applying only elastic constraints on the vertical degree of freedom at the foundation is a simplified modeling approach that fails to capture the soil behavior in an accurate manner, and is therefore not recommended for future research projects. While on the subject of future investigations, the effect of SSI should be studied on other bridges to externally validate the obtained results.<br>Inom strukturdynamik är det essentiellt att erhålla en bredare kunskap om relevanta fenomen som kan påverka det dynamiska beteendet av järnvägsbroar. Detta gäller för både yrkesverksamma ingenjörer och administratörer av normer och standarder för att få en ökad förståelse av exempelvis resonansfenomen samt för revidering och förbättring av befintliga normer. Ett fenomen som på senare tid har fått mer uppmärksamhet är den så kallade jord-struktur interaktionen eftersom den kan ha en signifikant inverkan på styvheten och dämpningen av ett system. Tidigare undersökningar har tytt på att effekten av jord-struktur interaktionen kan vara avgörande för korta och relativt styva broar som exempelvis plattrambroar. På grund av bristen på enkla modeller och riktlinjer är denna effekt ofta försummad. Dynamiska analyser har utförts på en kort sluten plattrambro belägen på Botniabanan, där påverkan av motfyllningen, underliggande jorden och det ballasterade spåret har utretts. Detta har åstadkommits genom att beakta olika randvillkor för att ta hänsyn till diverse former av jord-struktur interaktioner. Den vertikala responsen i bron har studerats genom tredimensionella numeriska modeller både med detaljerade FE-modeller och med praktiskt lämpade förenklade modeller, där i synnerhet egenfrekvensen och dämpningskvoten har analyserats. Bidraget från jorden har påvisat sig ha en avsevärd inverkan på den globala dämpningen då det framgick att dämpningskvoten för den fundamentala böjmoden är sju gånger större än det, i denna fallstudie, betydligt konservativa rekommenderade dimensioneringsvärdet. Dessutom har jord-struktur interaktionen lett till ökade egenfrekvenser som följaktligen skiftat den kritiska resonanshastigheten vilket tillåter högre hastigheter. Motfyllningen har haft en avsevärd effekt på responsen av bron, medan bidraget till ökningen i modala dämpningen har fördelats lika mellan motfyllningen och underliggande jorden. Vidare är den föreslagna förenklade modellen lovande och i god överenstämmelse med den detaljerade modellen. Det har även konstaterats att tågpassager på motfyllningen spelar en viktig roll för den dynamiska responsen. Dessvärre har den förenklade modellen misslyckats med att ta hänsyn till dessa tåglaster, vilket indikerar att en vidareutveckling krävs för en implementerbar adekvat modell för plattrambroar av korta spännvidder. Ett förenklat modelleringsalternativ är applicering av enbart elastiska randvillkor i den vertikala frihetsgraden av bottenplattan. Detta alternativ har visat sig vara otillräckligt för att efterlikna den underliggande jordens beteende och undanbedes för framtida studier. På tal om framtida projekt bör jord-struktur interaktionen utredas på andra broar för att externt validera resultaten.
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Kylén, Joakim. "2D-model of a portal frame railway bridge for dynamic analysis." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37025.
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Friedman, Oleg. "Structure and representation of real locally C*- and locally JB-algebras." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23637.
Full textAbstract:
The abstract Banach associative symmetrical *-algebras over C, so called C*-
algebras, were introduced first in 1943 by Gelfand and Naimark24. In the present time
the theory of C*-algebras has become a vast portion of functional analysis having connections
and applications in almost all branches of modern mathematics and theoretical
physics.
From the 1940’s and the beginning of 1950’s there were numerous attempts made
to extend the theory of C*-algebras to a category wider than Banach algebras. For example,
in 1952, while working on the theory of locally-multiplicatively-convex algebras
as projective limits of projective families of Banach algebras, Arens in the paper8 and
Michael in the monograph48 independently for the first time studied projective limits
of projective families of functional algebras in the commutative case and projective
limits of projective families of operator algebras in the non-commutative case. In 1971
Inoue in the paper33 explicitly studied topological *-algebras which are topologically
-isomorphic to projective limits of projective families of C*-algebras and obtained their
basic properties. He as well suggested a name of locally C*-algebras for that category.
For the present state of the theory of locally C*-algebras see the monograph of
Fragoulopoulou.
Also there were many attempts to extend the theory of C*-algebras to nonassociative
algebras which are close in properties to associative algebras (in particular,
to Jordan algebras). In fact, the real Jordan analogues of C*-algebras, so called JB-algebras, were first introduced in 1978 by Alfsen, Shultz and Størmer in1. One of the
main results of the aforementioned paper stated that modulo factorization over a unique
Jordan ideal each JB-algebra is isometrically isomorphic to a JC-algebra, i.e. an operator
norm closed Jordan subalgebra of the Jordan algebra of all bounded self-adjoint
operators with symmetric multiplication acting on a complex Hilbert space.
Projective limits of Banach algebras have been studied sporadically by many
authors since 1952, when they were first introduced by Arens8 and Michael48. Projective
limits of complex C*-algebras were first mentioned by Arens. They have since been
studied under various names by Wenjen, Sya Do-Shin, Brooks, Inoue, Schmüdgen,
Fritzsche, Fragoulopoulou, Phillips, etc.
We will follow Inoue33 in the usage of the name "locally C*-algebras" for these
objects.
At the same time, in parallel with the theory of complex C*-algebras, a theory
of their real and Jordan analogues, namely real C*-algebras and JB-algebras, has been
actively developed by various authors.
In chapter 2 we present definitions and basic theorems on complex and real
C*-algebras, JB-algebras and complex locally C*-algebras to be used further.
In chapter 3 we define a real locally Hilbert space HR and an algebra of operators
L(HR) (not bounded anymore) acting on HR.
In chapter 4 we give new definitions and study several properties of locally C*-
and locally JB-algebras. Then we show that a real locally C*-algebra (locally JBalgebra)
is locally isometric to some closed subalgebra of L(HR).
In chapter 5 we study complex and real Abelian locally C*-algebras.
In chapter 6 we study universal enveloping algebras for locally JB-algebras.
In chapter 7 we define and study dual space characterizations of real locally C*
and locally JB-algebras.
In chapter 8 we define barreled real locally C* and locally JB-algebras and study
their representations as unbounded operators acting on dense subspaces of some Hilbert
spaces.
It is beneficial to extend the existing theory to the case of real and Jordan
analogues of complex locally C*-algebras. The present thesis is devoted to study such
analogues, which we call real locally C*- and locally JB-algebras.<br>Mathematics<br>D. Phil. (Mathematics)
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Morin-Duchesne, Alexi. "La structure de Jordan des matrices de transfert des modèles de boucles et la relation avec les hamiltoniens XXZ." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8692.
Full textAbstract:
Les modèles sur réseau comme ceux de la percolation, d’Ising et de Potts servent
à décrire les transitions de phase en deux dimensions. La recherche de leur solution
analytique passe par le calcul de la fonction de partition et la diagonalisation de matrices de transfert. Au point critique, ces modèles statistiques bidimensionnels sont
invariants sous les transformations conformes et la construction de théories des
champs conformes rationnelles, limites continues des modèles statistiques, permet
un calcul de la fonction de partition au point critique. Plusieurs chercheurs pensent
cependant que le paradigme des théories des champs conformes rationnelles peut
être élargi pour inclure les modèles statistiques avec des matrices de transfert non diagonalisables. Ces modèles seraient alors décrits, dans la limite d’échelle, par
des théories des champs logarithmiques et les représentations de l’algèbre de Virasoro
intervenant dans la description des observables physiques seraient indécomposables.
La matrice de transfert de boucles D_N(λ, u), un élément de l’algèbre de Temperley-
Lieb, se manifeste dans les théories physiques à l’aide des représentations
de connectivités ρ (link modules). L’espace vectoriel sur lequel agit cette représentation se décompose en secteurs étiquetés par un paramètre physique, le nombre d de défauts. L’action de cette représentation ne peut que diminuer ce nombre ou le laisser constant. La thèse est consacrée à l’identification de la structure de Jordan de D_N(λ, u) dans ces représentations. Le paramètre β = 2 cos λ = −(q + 1/q) fixe la théorie : β = 1 pour la percolation et √2 pour le modèle d’Ising, par exemple.
Sur la géométrie du ruban, nous montrons que D_N(λ, u) possède les mêmes blocs de Jordan que F_N, son plus haut coefficient de Fourier. Nous étudions la non
diagonalisabilité de F_N à l’aide des divergences de certaines composantes de ses
vecteurs propres, qui apparaissent aux valeurs critiques de λ. Nous prouvons dans
ρ(D_N(λ, u)) l’existence de cellules de Jordan intersectorielles, de rang 2 et couplant des secteurs d, d′ lorsque certaines contraintes sur λ, d, d′ et N sont satisfaites.
Pour le modèle de polymères denses critique (β = 0) sur le ruban, les valeurs
propres de ρ(D_N(λ, u)) étaient connues, mais les dégénérescences conjecturées. En
construisant un isomorphisme entre les modules de connectivités et un sous-espace
des modules de spins du modèle XXZ en q = i, nous prouvons cette conjecture.
Nous montrons aussi que la restriction de l’hamiltonien de boucles à un secteur
donné est diagonalisable et trouvons la forme de Jordan exacte de l’hamiltonien
XX, non triviale pour N pair seulement.
Enfin nous étudions la structure de Jordan de la matrice de transfert T_N(λ, ν)
pour des conditions aux frontières périodiques. La matrice T_N(λ, ν) a des blocs de Jordan intrasectoriels et intersectoriels lorsque λ = πa/b, et a, b ∈ Z×. L’approche
par F_N admet une généralisation qui permet de diagnostiquer des cellules intersectorielles dont le rang excède 2 dans certains cas et peut croître indéfiniment avec N. Pour les blocs de Jordan intrasectoriels, nous montrons que les représentations de connectivités sur le cylindre et celles du modèle XXZ sont isomorphes sauf pour certaines valeurs précises de q et du paramètre de torsion v. En utilisant le comportement de la transformation i_N^d dans un voisinage des valeurs critiques (q_c, v_c), nous construisons explicitement des vecteurs généralisés de Jordan de rang 2 et
discutons l’existence de blocs de Jordan intrasectoriels de plus haut rang.<br>Lattice models such as percolation, the Ising model and the Potts model are useful
for the description of phase transitions in two dimensions. Finding analytical solutions is done by calculating the partition function, which in turn requires finding
eigenvalues of transfer matrices. At the critical point, the two dimensional statistical models are invariant under conformal transformations and the construction of rational conformal field theories, as the continuum limit of these lattice models, allows one to compute the partition function at the critical point. Many researchers think however that the paradigm of rational conformal conformal field theories can be extended to include models with non diagonalizable transfer matrices. These models would then be described, in the scaling limit, by logarithmic conformal field theories and the representations of the Virasoro algebra coming into play would be indecomposable.
We recall the construction of the double-row transfer matrix D_N(λ, u) of the
Fortuin-Kasteleyn model, seen as an element of the Temperley-Lieb algebra. This transfer matrix comes into play in physical theories through its representation in link modules (or standard modules). The vector space on which this representation acts decomposes into sectors labelled by a physical parameter d, the number of defects, which remains constant or decreases in the link representations. This thesis is devoted to the identification of the Jordan structure of D_N(λ, u) in the link representations.
The parameter β = 2 cos λ = −(q + 1/q) fixes the theory : for instance β = 1 for percolation and √2 for the Ising model.
On the geometry of the strip with open boundary conditions, we show that D_N(λ, u) has the same Jordan blocks as its highest Fourier coefficient, F_N. We study
the non-diagonalizability of F_N through the divergences of some of the eigenstates of ρ(F_N) that appear at the critical values of λ. The Jordan cells we find in ρ(D_N(λ, u)) have rank 2 and couple sectors d and d′ when specific constraints on λ, d, d′ and N are satisfied.
For the model of critical dense polymers (β = 0) on the strip, the eigenvalues
of ρ(D_N(λ, u)) were known, but their degeneracies only conjectured. By constructing an isomorphism between the link modules on the strip and a subspace of spin
modules of the XXZ model at q = i, we prove this conjecture. We also show that the restriction of the Hamiltonian to any sector d is diagonalizable, and that the XX
Hamiltonian has rank 2 Jordan cells when N is even.
Finally, we study the Jordan structure of the transfer matrix T_N(λ, ν) for periodic
boundary conditions. When λ = πa/b and a, b ∈ Z×, the matrix T_N(λ, ν) has Jordan blocks between sectors, but also within sectors. The approach using F_N admits
a generalization to the present case and allows us to probe the Jordan cells
that tie different sectors. The rank of these cells exceeds 2 in some cases and can
grow indefinitely with N. For the Jordan blocks within a sector, we show that the
link modules on the cylinder and the XXZ spin modules are isomorphic except for
specific curves in the (q, v) plane. By using the behavior of the transformation i_N^d in a neighborhood of the critical values (q_c, v_c), we explicitly build Jordan partners of rank 2 and discuss the existence of Jordan cells with higher rank.
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Jaikrishnan, J. "On The Structure of Proper Holomorphic Mappings." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2695.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this dissertation is to give explicit descriptions of the set of proper holomorphic mappings between two complex manifolds with reasonable restrictions on the domain and target spaces. Without any restrictions, this problem is intractable even when posed for do-mains in . We give partial results for special classes of manifolds. We study, broadly, two types of structure results:
Descriptive. The first result of this thesis is a structure theorem for finite proper holomorphic mappings between products of connected, hyperbolic open subsets of compact Riemann surfaces. A special case of our result follows from the techniques used in a classical result due to Remmert and Stein, adapted to the above setting. However, the presence of factors that have no boundary or boundaries that consist of a discrete set of points necessitates the use of techniques that are quite divergent from those used by Remmert and Stein. We make use of a finiteness theorem of Imayoshi to deal with these factors.
Rigidity. A famous theorem of H. Alexander proves the non-existence of non-injective proper holomorphic self-maps of the unit ball in . ,n >1. Several extensions of this result for various classes of domains have been established since the appearance of Alexander’s result, and it is conjectured that the result is true for all bounded domains in . , n > 1, whose boundary is C2-smooth. This conjecture is still very far from being settled. Our first rigidity result establishes the non-existence of non-injective proper holomorphic self-maps of bounded, balanced pseudo convex domains of finite type (in the sense of D’Angelo) in ,n >1. This generalizes a result in 2, by Coupet, Pan and Sukhov, to higher dimensions. As in Coupet–Pan–Sukhov, the aforementioned domains need not have real-analytic boundaries. However, in higher dimensions, several aspects of their argument do not work. Instead, we exploit the circular symmetry and a recent result in complex dynamics by Opshtein.
Our next rigidity result is for bounded symmetric domains. We prove that a proper holomorphic map between two non-planar bounded symmetric domains of the same dimension, one of them being irreducible, is a biholomorphism. Our methods allow us to give a single, all-encompassing argument that unifies the various special cases in which this result is known. Furthermore, our proof of this result does not rely on the fine structure (in the sense of Wolf et al.) of bounded symmetric domains. Thus, we are able to apply our techniques to more general classes of domains. We illustrate this by proving a rigidity result for certain convex balanced domains whose automorphism groups are assumed to only be non-compact. For bounded symmetric domains, our key tool is that of Jordan triple systems, which is used to describe the boundary geometry.
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Sahawneh, Julia Salem [Verfasser]. "Structural control of hydrology, hydrogeology and hydrochemistry along the eastern escarpment of the Jordan Rift Valley, JORDAN / by Julia Salem Sahawneh." 2011. http://d-nb.info/1012959309/34.
Full text
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Östlund, Johan. "Soil-structure interaction of end-frames for high-speed railway bridges." Thesis, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188786.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI) of end-frame bridges for high-speed railways was studied. Impedance functions, representing the SSI, was calculated and analyzed. The impedance functions were applied to end-frame bridge models which were analyzed for use in HSR. A new high-speed railway link is currently being planned in Sweden by the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket). \textit{Ostl\"{a}nken} is planned to run between the cities of Stockholm and Link\"{o}ping with a maximum speed limit of 320km/h. As high-speed traffic induces high dynamic impact on bridges, dynamic analysis to ensure safety and passenger comfort is needed according to Eurocode. Thus, there is a demand of dynamically safe bridges that are also cost-effective. One cost-effective bridge is the soil integrated end-frame bridge, however, there are no design advice in Eurocode today on how to take SSI into consideration. The aim of the thesis has therefore been to investigate if the influence of SSI on end-frame bridges for HSR. This thesis was executed using the frequency domain approach to solve dynamic problems in finite element software. Furthermore, impedance functions have been obtained representing the SSI. Impedance functions take dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping into consideration where the damping consists of two parts: material damping and radiation damping due to energy dissipation in the form of elastic waves. To limit the model size, an absorbing region (AR) was used to mitigate waves originating from the source. The accuracy of impedance functions is dependent on several parameters and demands a great computational capacity to reach, mostly governed by the radiation condition. A parameter study of impedance functions was conducted, including parameters such as geometry, modulus of soil and detail levels. The impedance functions were then attached to bridge models on which trains modelled as moving point loads were applied. Envelopes of the acceleration and displacements have been presented and analyzed. Shear strain checks were made in order to verify the assumption of linear-elastic material behavior of the embankment. By using SSI in form of impedance functions attached to bridge models, numerical results show a great reduction of vibrations in models. The study suggests that a large end-frame, either long or high or both, may reduce acceleration as well as displacements. A stiffer embankment material may further reduce vibrations. Shear strain checks confirm that the assumption of linear-elastic soil behavior was true.<br>I det här exjobbet har påverkan av jord-struktur interaktion (soil-structure interaction - SSI) av ändskärmsbroar för höghastighetsbana blivit studerat. Impedansfunktioner som representerar SSI har beräknats och analyserats. Impdansfunktionerna har sedan applicerats på bromodeller och analyserats för höghastighetstrafik. Sveriges första höghastighetsbana håller just nu på att planeras av Trafikverket. Ostlänken kommer att bli den första delen och är planerad att gå från Stockholm till Linköping med en högsta hastighet av 320 km/h. Då höghastighetstrafik introducerar stor dynamisk på verkan på broar behövs dynamisk analys genomföras enligt Eurocode för att kunna säkerställa broarnas säkerhet och komfortkrav. Därför finns idag ett behov av dynamiskt säkra broar som också är kostnadseffektiva. En typ av kostnadseffektiv bro är den med jord integrerade ändskärmsbron. I dagens Eurocode finns dock inga konstruktionsråd vad gäller jord-struktur interaktion av ändskärmarna. Målet med detta examensarbete har därför varit att undersöka påverkan av SSI och besluta huruvida användandet av ändskärmsbron på höghastighetsbanor är legitimerat, eller om den ska undvikas. Det här examensarbetet har utgått från att lösa dynamiska problem i frekvensdomänen med hjälp av FEM. Impedansfunktioner som representerar jord-struktur interaktionen har tagits fram. Impedansfunktioner tar dels hänsyn till dynamisk styvhet och dels dynamisk dämpning. Den dynamiska dämpningen består av två delar; den första är materialdämpning och den andra är vågdämpning där energi dissiperar i vågform. För att begränsa FE modellens storlek har en absorbing region tillämpats för att absorbera vågorna vid randen. Impedansfunktionernas konvergens beror på flertalet parametrar och kräver en hög datakapacitet för att fås, mestadels beroende av radiatorvillkoret. En parameterstudie utfördes för att kunna analysera sensitiviteten hos impedansfunktionerna. Vidare applicerades dessa impedansfunktioner på skal- och balk-bromodeller på vilka HSLM laster påfördes. Skjuvtöjningskontroller gjordes för att verifiera att antagandet om linjärelastiskt materialbeteende var korrekt. Genom att ta hänsyn till SSI i form av impedansfunktioner tyder numeriska resultat på att vibrationer kan reduceras i hög grad. Envelopper visar att en stor ändskärm, antingen lång, hög eller bådadera, kan reducera accelerationer liksom förskjutningar. En styvare bank kan ytterligare reducera vibrationer.