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Plessas, Spyridon D. "Fluid-structure interaction in composite structures." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41432.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.In this research, dynamic characteristics of polymer composite beam and plate structures were studied when the structures were in contact with water. The effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on natural frequencies, mode shapes, and dynamic responses was examined for polymer composite structures using multiphysics-based computational techniques. Composite structures were modeled using the finite element method. The fluid was modeled as an acoustic medium using the cellular automata technique. Both techniques were coupled so that both fluid and structure could interact bi-directionally. In order to make the coupling easier, the beam and plate finite elements have only displacement degrees of freedom but no rotational degrees of freedom. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique was applied to the transient responses of the composite structures with and without FSI, respectively, so that the effect of FSI can be examined by comparing the two results. The study showed that the effect of FSI is significant on dynamic properties of polymer composite structures. Some previous experimental observations were confirmed using the results from the computer simulations, which also enhanced understanding the effect of FSI on dynamic responses of composite structures.
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Mawson, Mark. "Interactive fluid-structure interaction with many-core accelerators." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interactive-fluidstructure-interaction-with-manycore-accelerators(a4fc2068-bac7-4511-960d-41d2560a0ea1).html.
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The use of accelerator technology, particularly Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), for scientific computing has increased greatly over the last decade. While this technology allows larger and more complicated problems to be solved faster than before it also presents another opportunity: the real-time and interactive solution of problems. This work aims to investigate the progress that GPU technology has made towards allowing fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems to be solved in real-time, and to facilitate user interaction with such a solver. A mesoscopic scale fluid flow solver is implemented on third generation nVidia ‘Kepler’ GPUs in two and three dimensions, and its performance studied and compared with existing literature. Following careful optimisation the solvers are found to be at least as efficient as existing work, reaching peak efficiencies of 93% compared with theoretical values. These solvers are then coupled with a novel immersed boundary method, allowing boundaries defined at arbitrary coordinates to interact with the structured fluid domain through a set of singular forces. The limiting factor of the performance of this method is found to be the integration of forces and velocities over the fluid and boundaries; the arbitrary location of boundary markers makes the memory accesses during these integrations largely random, leading to poor utilisation of the available memory bandwidth. In sample cases, the efficiency of the method is found to be as low as 2.7%, although in most scenarios this inefficiency is masked by the fact that the time taken to evolve the fluid flow dominates the overall execution time of the solver. Finally, techniques to visualise the fluid flow in-situ are implemented, and used to allow user interaction with the solvers. Initially this is achieved via keyboard and mouse to control the fluid properties and create boundaries within the fluid, and later by using an image based depth sensor to import real world geometry into the fluid. The work concludes that, for 2D problems, real-time interactive FSI solvers can be implemented on a single laptop-based GPU. In 3D the memory (both size and bandwidth) of the GPU limits the solver to relatively simple cases. Recommendations for future work to allow larger and more complicated test cases to be solved in real-time are then made to complete the work.
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Violette, Michael A. "Fluid structure interaction effect on sandwich composite structures." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5533.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.The objective of this research is to examine the fluid structure interaction (FSI) effect on composite sandwich structures under a low velocity impact. The primary sandwich composite used in this study was a 6.35-mm balsa core and a multi-ply symmetrical plain weave 6 oz E-glass skin. The specific geometry of the composite was a 305 by 305 mm square with clamped boundary conditions. Using a uniquely designed vertical drop-weight testing machine, there were three fluid conditions in which these experiments focused. The first of these conditions was completely dry (or air) surrounded testing. The second condition was completely water submerged. The final condition was a wet top/air-backed surrounded test. The tests were conducted progressively from a low to high drop height to best conclude the onset and spread of damage to the sandwich composite when impacted with the test machine. The measured output of these tests was force levels and multi-axis strain performance. The collection and analysis of this data will help to increase the understanding of the study of sandwich composites, particularly in a marine environment.
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Lea, Patrick D. "Fluid Structure Interaction with Applications in Structural Failure." Thesis, Northwestern University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3605735.
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Methods for modeling structural failure with applications for fluid structure interaction (FSI) are developed in this work. Fracture as structural failure is modeled in this work by both the extended finite element method (XFEM) and element deletion. Both of these methods are used in simulations coupled with fluids modeled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The methods presented here allow the fluid to pass through the fractured areas of the structure without any prior knowledge of where fracture will occur. Fracture modeled by XFEM is compared to an experimental result as well as a test problem for two phase coupling. The element deletion results are compared with an XFEM test problem, showing the differences and similarities between the two methods.
A new method for modeling fracture is also proposed in this work. The new method combines XFEM and element deletion to provide a robust implementation of fracture modeling. This method integrates well into legacy codes that currently have element deletion functionality. The implementation allows for application by a wide variety of users that are familiar with element deletion in current analysis tools. The combined method can also be used in conjunction with the work done on fracture coupled with fluids, discussed in this work.
Structural failure via buckling is also examined in an FSI framework. A new algorithm is produced to allow for structural subcycling during the collapse of a pipe subjected to a hydrostatic load. The responses of both the structure and the fluid are compared to a non-subcycling case to determine the accuracy of the new algorithm.
Overall this work looks at multiple forms of structural failure induced by fluids modeled by CFD. The work extends what is currently possible in FSI simulations.
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Zäll, Emma. "Footbridge Dynamics : Human-Structure Interaction." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224527.
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For aesthetic reasons and due to an increased demand for cost-effective and environmentally friendly civil engineering structures, there is a trend in designing light and slender structures. Consequently, many modern footbridges are susceptible to excessive vibrations caused by human-induced loads. To counteract this, today's design guidelines for footbridges generally require verification of the comfort criteria for footbridges with natural frequencies in the range of pedestrian step frequencies. To ensure that a certain acceleration limit is not exceeded, the guidelines provide simplified methodologies for vibration serviceability assessment. However, shortcomings of these methodologies have been identified. First, for certain footbridges, human-structure interaction (HSI) effects might have a significant impact on the dynamic response. One such effect is that the modal properties of the bridge change in the presence of a crowd; most importantly, the damping of the bridge is increased. If this effect is neglected, predicted acceleration levels might be overestimated. Second, as a running person induces a force of greater amplitude than a walking person, a single runner might cause a footbridge to vibrate excessively. Hence, the running load case is highly relevant. These two aspects have in common that they are disregarded in existing design guidelines. For the stated reasons, the demand for improvements of the guidelines is currently high and, prospectively, it might be necessary to require the consideration of both the HSI effect and running loads. Therefore, this licentiate thesis aims at deepening the understanding of these subjects, with the main focus being placed on the HSI effect and, more precisely, on how it can be accounted for in an efficient way. A numerical investigation of the HSI effect and its impact on the vertical acceleration response of a footbridge was performed. The results show that the HSI effect reduces the peak acceleration and that the greatest reduction is obtained for a crowd to bridge frequency ratio close to unity and a high crowd to bridge mass ratio. Furthermore, the performance of two simplified modelling approaches for consideration of the HSI effect was evaluated. Both simplified models can be easily implemented and proved the ability to predict the change in modal properties as well as the structural response of the bridge. Besides that, the computational cost was reduced, compared to more advanced models. Moreover, a case study comprising field tests and simulations was performed to investigate the effect of runners on footbridges. The acceleration limit given in the design guideline was exceeded for one single person running across the bridge while a group of seven people walking across the bridge did not cause exceedance of the limit. Hence, it was concluded that running loads require consideration in the design of a footbridge.På grund av estetiska skäl och en ökad efterfrågan på kostnadseffektiva och miljövänliga konstruktioner är merparten av de gångbroar som konstrueras idag förhållandevis lätta och slanka. Med anledning av detta ökar risken för att stora svängningar uppstår på grund av dynamisk belastning från människor på bron. För att motverka att detta inträffar kräver dagens normer att komforten verifieras för gångbroar med egenfrekvenser inom området för människans stegfrekvens. Komforten verifieras genom att säkerställa att ett visst accelerationskriterium inte överskrids. För detta ändamål finns handböcker som tillhandahåller förenklade beräkningsmetoder för uppskattning av accelerationsnivåer. Brister i dessa beräkningsmetoder har emellertid identifierats. För det första kan olika typer av människa-bro-interaktion (HSI) ha en betydande inverkan på responsen hos vissa broar. Exempel på en HSI-effekt är att brons modala egenskaper förändras när människor befinner sig på bron; i huvudsak sker en ökning av brons dämpning. Om denna effekt inte tas i beaktande föreligger stor risk att överskatta förväntade accelerationsnivåer. För det andra är kraften från en löpare större än kraften från en gående person vilket gör att en ensam löpare på en gångbro kan ge upphov till accelerationsnivåer som överskrider gränsvärdena för komfort. Löpande personer är därför ett mycket relevant lastfall. Befintliga normer uttrycker inte explicit att någon av dessa aspekter bör tas i beaktande. Behovet av förbättrade riktlinjer för hur normerna bör tillämpas är därför mycket stort och i framtiden kan det bli nödvändigt att kräva att både HSI-effekter och löparlaster tas i beaktande. Därför syftar denna licentiatavhandling till att bidra till en fördjupad förståelse inom dessa två ämnen, med huvudfokus på ovan nämnda HSI-effekt i allmänhet och hur den kan beaktas på ett enkelt, noggrant och tidseffektivt sätt i synnerhet. En numerisk undersökning av HSI-effekten och dess inverkan på den vertikala responsen hos en gångbro genomfördes. Resultaten visar att HSI-effekten reducerar den maximala accelerationen och att störst reduktion erhålls då folksamlingen och bron har ungefär samma egenfrekvens och då folksamlingens massa är stor i förhållande till brons massa. Vidare utvärderades två förenklade metoder för beaktande av HSI-effekten vilka kan implementeras av konstruktörer med grundläggande kunskaper inom strukturdynamik. Det konstaterades att båda metoderna uppskattar HSI-effekten såväl som brons respons förhållandevis väl samtidigt som de reducerar beräkningstiden något jämfört med mer avancerade metoder. Effekten av löpare på gångbroar studerades genom en fallstudie med fältmätningar. Utifrån resultaten från dessa fältmätningar kunde det konstateras att accelerationsgränsen som anges i normerna överskreds när en ensam löpare sprang över bron men inte när en grupp på sju personer gick i takt över samma bro. Därför drogs slutsatsen att löparlaster bör tas i beaktande vid dimensionering av en gångbro.
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Fernandez, Carlos Javier. "Pile-structure interaction in GTSTRUDL." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21418.
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Howell, Richard Martyn. "Snoring : a flow-structure interaction." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101139/.
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A novel method for calculating the linear fluid-structure interaction of a cantilevered flexible surface centrally positioned in an ideal channel flow, incorporating the effects of vorticity shed downstream, is described. The perturbation pressure is modelled using a linearised boundary-element method. The flexible surface deflection is modelled using linearised one-dimensional beam theory. The shed vorticity is modelled using a linearised discrete vortex method. The computational model can therefore be used to conduct numerical experiments where no presupposition of the flexible surface deflection is made. This linear model can accurately capture the onset of instability in this fluid-structure system. The flexible surface is infinitely thin; the upper and lower sides of the surface can therefore be considered stream lines of the flow, with a step jump in pressure between them across the surface. The discontinuity of tangential velocity across the flexible surface generates lift. The flexible surface is therefore modelled by a distribution of vortex singularities with a Kutta condition applied at the surface’s trailing edge. The individual models of the flexible surface and the fluid velocity and vorticity, together with the action of the individual hydrodynamic pressure components created when the models are combined to form a single unsteady model, are validated via a series of numerical experiments and by quantitative comparison with an appropriate, previously developed computational model. Unique, highly detailed investigations into the ideal fluid-structure phenomena observed in numerical experiments conducted over a wide range of mass ratio and inlet velocity are documented. For the first time, detailed numerical investigation of the effect on this fluid-structure interaction of channel walls, a rigid central surface (upstream and adjacent to the flexible surface), unsteady mean flow, the variation of stiffness and damping properties along the flexible surface and the vorticity shed at the trailing edge of the flexible surface have been quantified. Calculations of the critical velocity show good correlation with other published work and examples of the possible application of the unsteady model to different physical fluid-structure phenomena are outlined. Of central importance is the application of the unsteady model to the investigation of the human snoring phenomenon. Further insight into the operation of two types of snore is made and a new type of snore is discovered, incorporating the effects of inhalation. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the location (on the flexible surface) of the destabilising phase shift between the flexible surface velocity and fluid pressure leading to instability change drastically for a small shift in mass ratio. Coupled with knowledge of further snore mechanisms from other published work, these results show the uniqueness of treatment required to provide effective surgical treatment to individual patients suffering from snoring; furthermore, this highlights the need for more realistic fluid-structure models to be created.
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El, Baroudi Adil. "Modélisation en interaction fluide-structure." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S140.
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Ce travail de thèse est essentiellement constitué de deux parties. La première partie s’intéresse à la modélisation du système crâne-cerveau lors d’un choc. Dans ce système, le fluide joue un rôle tampon entre les deux solides qui ont des propriétés matérielles complètement différentes. Lors d’un choc, on n’arrive pas jusqu’à présent à comprendre les phénomènes d’apparition de lésions cérébrales, qui constituent un enjeu majeur en accidentologie. L’étude s’appuie sur un dispositif expérimental existant, à partir duquel des modèles ont été élaborés. Deux modèles ont été proposés : couplage inertiel et couplage visqueux. Ceux-ci ont été résolus analytiquement et numériquement. La seconde partie aborde la dynamique du système aortique pendant un choc. Dans un premier temps, on s’intéresse à la réponse dynamique de la branche ascendante de l’aorte où une solution analytique du problème modal associé est proposée, afin de pouvoir utiliser par la suite une technique de projection modale. Ensuite, le système entier est soumis à un choc. En effet, en accidentologie, on observe dans certaines situations, une rupture au niveau de la partie terminale de branche ascendante de l’aorte : c’est la rupture isthmique. Dans toute l’étude, le caractère hétérogène de la paroi aortique est pris en compte. Diverses études à caractère paramétrique ont été menéesThis thesis is essentially constituted of two parts. The first part focuses on modeling the skull-brain system during an impact. In this system, the fluid acts as a buffer between the two elastic solids with completely different material properties. During an impact, we are not able to understand untill now some phenomena of brain injury, which is a major challenge in traffic accident. The study used on an existing experimental device from which models were developed. Two models were proposed : inertial coupling and viscous coupling. These have been solved analytically and numerically. The second part deals with the dynamics of the aortic system during a shock. Initially, we study the dynamic response of the ascending branch of the aorta where an analytical solution of the modal problem associated is proposed in order to subsequently use a modal projection technique. Then, the whole system is subjected to a shock. Indeed, in accident research, we observe in some cases, a break at the end portion of descending branch of the aorta : the isthmic rupture phenomenon. In all the study, the heterogeneous character of the aortic wall is taken into account. Various parametric studies have been conducted
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Thiriat, Paul. "FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION : EFFECTS OF SLOSHING IN LIQUID-CONTAINING STRUCTURES." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125353.
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This report presents the work done within the framework of my master thesis in the program Infrastructure Engineering at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. This project has been proposed and sponsored by the French company Setec TPI, part of the Setec group, located in Paris. The overall goal of this study is to investigate fluid-structure interaction and particularly sloshing in liquid-containing structures subjected to seismic or other dynamic action. After a brief introduction, the report is composed of three main chapters. The first one presents and explains fluid-structure interaction equations. Fluid-structure interaction problems obey a general flow equation and several boundary conditions, given some basic assumptions. The purpose of the two following chapters is to solve the corresponding system of equations. The first approach proposes an analytical solution: the problem is solved for 2D rectangular tanks. Different models are considered and compared in order to analyze and describe sloshing phenomenon. Liquid can be decomposed in two parts: the lower part that moves in unison with the structure is modeled as an impulsive added mass; the upper part that sloshes is modeled as a convective added mass. Each of these two added mass creates hydrodynamic pressures and simple formulas are given in order to compute them. The second approach proposes a numerical solution: the goal is to be able to solve the problem for any kind of geometry. The differential problem is resolved using a singularity method and Gauss functions. It is stated as a boundary integral equation and solved by means of the Boundary Element Method. The linear system obtained is then implemented on Matlab. Scripts and results are presented. Matlab programs are run to solve fluid-structure interaction problems in the case of rectangular tanks: the results concur with the analytical solution which justifies the numerical solution. This report gives a good introduction to sloshing phenomenon and gathers several analytical solutions found in the literature. Besides, it provides a Matlab program able to model effects of sloshing in any liquid-containing structures.
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Sribalaskandarajah, Kandiah. "A computational framework for dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10180.
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García, García Julio Abraham. "Reduction of seismically induced structural vibrations considering soil-structure interaction." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969246390.
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Rahgozar, Mohammad Ali Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil. "Semismic soil-structure interaction analysis of structural base shear amplification." Ottawa, 1993.
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Maheri, M. R. "Hydrodynamic investigations of cylindrical structures and other fluid-structure systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376615.
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Saez, Robert Esteban. "Interaction dynamique non-linéaire sol-structure." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453297.
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L'interaction dynamique entre le sol et les structures (IDSS) a fait l'objet de nombreuses études sous l'hypothèse de l'élasticité linéaire, bien que les effets de l'IDSS puissent être différents entre un système élastique et un système inélastique. De fait, les méthodologies usuelles développées à partir des études élastiques peuvent ne pas être adaptées aux bâtiments conçus pour dissiper de l'énergie par de l'endommagement lors de séismes sévères. De plus, il est bien connu que la limite d'élasticité du sol est normalement atteinte même pour de séismes relativement faibles. En conséquence, si les effets inélastiques de l'IDSS sont négligés, les études d'endommagement sismique des bâtiments peuvent être très inexactes. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer une stratégie générale pour l'étude du problème de l'IDSS non-linéaire dans le contexte de l'analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments. Ainsi, des modèles d'éléments finis réalistes sont développées et appliquées à des problèmes d'IDSS non-linéaires. Les modèles couvrent une large gamme des conditions pour le sol et des typologies de bâtiments soumis à plusieurs bases de données sismiques. Une stratégie de modélisation a été développée et validée afin de réduire significativement le coût numérique. Pour cela, un modèle 2D équivalent a été développé, implanté dans GEFDyn et utilisé pour effectuer une importante étude paramétrique. De nombreux indicateurs de comportement non-linéaire de la structure et du sol ont été proposés pour synthétiser leur fonctionnement lors du chargement sismique. De surcroît, une stratégie d'évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique basée sur l'information apportée par une base des données sismiques a été développée. De façon, générale, les résultats ont mis en évidence une réduction de la demande sismique lorsque les effets inélastiques de l'IDSS sont pris en compte. Cette réduction est liée fondamentalement à deux phénomènes : l'amortissement par radiation et l'amortissement hystérétique du sol. Ces deux effets ont lieu simultanément pendant le mouvement sismique. Il est alors très difficile d'isoler l'influence de ces deux phénomènes. En effet, le mouvement effectif transmis à la structure n'est pas le même que celui en champs libre du aux effets d'interaction, ainsi qu'à la modification locale du comportement du sol fortement lié aux poids du bâtiment. Une série de mesures de sévérité sismique et des mécanismes de dissipation d'énergie au niveau du sol et du bâtiment a été introduite dans le but d'analyser ces effets. Cependant, ces résultats sont en général très irréguliers et leur généralisation a été très difficile. Néanmoins, ces résultats mettent en évidence l'importance de la prise en compte des effets du comportement inélastique du sol. La plupart des cas étudiés ont montré un effet favorable de l'IDSS non-linéaire. Mais, en général, l'IDSS peut augmenter ou diminuer la demande sismique en fonction de la typologie de la structure, des caractéristiques du mouvement sismique et des propriétés du sol. Tout de même, il y a une justification économique pour étudier les effets du comportement non-linéaire du sol sur la réponse sismique.
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Botterill, Neil. "Fluid structure interaction modelling of cables used in civil engineering structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11657/.
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Long, thin, flexible cylindrical elements of large scale structures are heavily influenced by the fluid flow around them. Equally, their movement has an appreciable effect on the fluid flow. This two-way interaction leads to complex dynamic behaviour that can cause fatigue and thus reduce operational lifetime. As demand for longer span bridges and drilling in deeper marine environments increases, research into the best modelling practice of this scenario gains importance. The work described in this thesis establishes a suitable method to model in CFD aero/hydro-elastic behaviour of slender cylindrical elements in large scale structures. In order to achieve this outcome, the author has: modelled the drag crisis on a static cylindrical element; developed a suitable FSI coupling program; combined the drag crisis model with the FSI coupling program and validate against published experimental data. The turbulence formulation used was carefully chosen taking into account the flow features that are important to the onset of the drag crisis. An LES formulation capable of adapting the model constant of the SGS model according to local shear conditions was identied as the best candidate to achieve this aim. The fluid and structural solvers used were loosely coupled by an explicit method that achieved a balance of kinetic energy as well as matching displacement at the moving fluid/solid interface. The integration method and implementation of this coupling strategy was verified by running a test case at low Reynolds number that produced a regular sinusoidal lift function on the cylinder that was kept stationary. The displacement, velocity, and acceleration response produced by the structural solver was compared against a closed solution and found to match with an acceptable level of error. A number of FSI simulations with the cylinder free to move in the cross-flow direction only was carried out. The displacement response was compared against published numerical and experimental data and the importance of having a sufficient spanwise dimension of flow domain was highlighted. Simulations with the cylinder free to move in the along-flow direction aswell as cross-flow direction were carried out. In some simulations where lock-in was observed, the effect of the drag crisis was clearly seen. Energy entered into the system as a result of low drag on the upstream motion of the cylinder caused by the drag crisis. More simulations at different velocities are recommended to define a displacement response curve and make further new observations.
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Kara, Mustafa Can. "Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) of flow past elastically supported rigid structures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51931.
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Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is an important physical phenomenon in many applications and across various disciplines including aerospace, civil and bio-engineering. In civil engineering, applications include the design of wind turbines, pipelines, suspension bridges and offshore platforms. Ocean structures such as drilling risers, mooring lines, cables, undersea piping and tension-leg platforms can be subject to strong ocean currents, and such structures may suffer from Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV's), where vortex shedding of the flow interacts with the structural properties, leading to large amplitude vibrations in both in-line and cross-flow directions. Over the past years, many experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to comprehend the underlying physical mechanisms. However, to date there is still limited understanding of the effect of oscillatory interactions between fluid flow and structural behavior though such interactions can cause large deformations. This research proposes a mathematical framework to accurately predict FSI for elastically supported rigid structures. The numerical method developed solves the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations for the fluid and the Equation of Motion (EOM) for the structure. The proposed method employs Finite Differences (FD) on Cartesian grids together with an improved, efficient and oscillation-free Immersed Boundary Method (IBM), the accuracy of which is verified for several test cases of increasing complexity. A variety of two and three dimensional FSI simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the method. In particular, forced and a free vibration of a rigid cylinder including Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) of an elastically supported cylinder are presented and compared with reference simulations and experiments. Then, the interference between two cylinders in tandem arrangement at two different spacing is investigated. In terms of VIV, three different scenarios were studied for each cylinder arrangement to compare resonance regime to a single cylinder. Finally, the IBM is implemented into a three-dimensional Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) method and two high Reynolds number (Re) flows are studied for a stationary and transversely oscillating cylinder. The robustness, accuracy and applicability of the method for high Re number flow is demonstrated by comparing the turbulence statistics of the two cases and discussing differences in the mean and instantaneous flows.
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Khalili, Tehrani Payman. "Analysis and modeling of soil-structure interaction in bridge support structures." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1925776151&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Altstadt, Eberhard, Helmar Carl, and Rainer Weiß. "Fluid-Structure Interaction Investigations for Pipelines." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28993.
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The influence of the fluid-structure interaction on the magnitude fo the loads on pipe walls and support structures is not yet completely understood. In case of a dynamic load caused by a pressure wave, the stresses in pipe walls, especially in bends, are different from the static case.
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Jones, Christopher Andrew. "Crowd-structure dynamic interaction in stadia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543299.
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Randall, Richard John. "Fluid-structure interaction of submerged shells." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5446.
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A general three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory for the evaluation of responses has been adapted to formulate hydrodynamic coefficients for submerged shell-type structures. The derivation of the theory has been presented and is placed in context with other methods of analysis. The ability of this form of analysis to offer an insight into the physical behaviour of practical systems is demonstrated. The influence of external boundaries and fluid viscosity was considered separately using a flexible cylinder as the model. When the surrounding fluid is water, viscosity was assessed to be significant for slender structural members and flexible pipes and in situations where the clearance to an outer casing was slight. To validate the three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory, predictions of resonance frequencies and mode shapes were compared, with measured data from trials undertaken in enclosed tanks. These data exhibited differences due to the position of the test structures in relation to free and fixed boundaries. The rationale of the testing programme and practical considerations of instrumentation, capture and storage of data are described in detail. At first sight a relatively unsophisticated analytical method appeared to offer better correlation with the measured data than the hydroelastic solution. This impression was mistaken, the agreement was merely fortuitous as only the hydroelastic approach is capable of reproducing-the trends recorded in the experiments. The significance of an accurate dynamic analysis using finite elements and the influence of physical factors such as buoyancy on the predicted results are also examined.
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Warnakulasuriya, Hapuhennedige Surangith. "Soil structure interaction of buried pipes." Thesis, University of East London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286607.
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Lees, Andrew Steven. "Soil/structure interaction of temporary roadways." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324808.
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Giannopapa, Christina-Grigoria. "Fluid structure interaction in flexible vessels." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413425.
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Wright, Stewart Andrew. "Aspects of unsteady fluid-structure interaction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621939.
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Jones, Piet. "Structure learning of gene interaction networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86650.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is an ever increasing wealth of information that is being generated regarding biological systems, in particular information on the interactions and dependencies of genes and their regulatory process. It is thus important to be able to attach functional understanding to this wealth of information. Mathematics can potentially provide the tools needed to generate the necessary abstractions to model the complex system of gene interaction. Here the problem of uncovering gene interactions is cast in several contexts, namely uncovering gene interaction patterns using statistical dependence, cooccurrence as well as feature enrichment. Several techniques have been proposed in the past to solve these, with various levels of success. Techniques have ranged from supervised learning, clustering analysis, boolean networks to dynamical Bayesian models and complex system of di erential equations. These models attempt to navigate a high dimensional space with challenging degrees of freedom. In this work a number of approaches are applied to hypothesize a gene interaction network structure. Three di erent models are applied to real biological data to generate hypotheses on putative biological interactions. A cluster-based analysis combined with a feature enrichment detection is initially applied to a Vitis vinifera dataset, in a targetted analysis. This model bridges a disjointed set of putatively co-expressed genes based on signi cantly associated features, or experimental conditions. We then apply a cross-cluster Markov Blanket based model, on a Saccharomyces cerevisiae dataset. Here the disjointed clusters are bridged by estimating statistical dependence relationship across clusters, in an un-targetted approach. The nal model applied to the same Saccharomyces cerevisiae dataset is a non-parametric Bayesian method that detects probeset co-occurrence given a local background and inferring gene interaction based on the topological network structure resulting from gene co-occurance. In each case we gather evidence to support the biological relevance of these hypothesized interactions by investigating their relation to currently established biological knowledge. The various methods applied here appear to capture di erent aspects of gene interaction, in the datasets we applied them to. The targetted approach appears to putatively infer gene interactions based on functional similarities. The cross-cluster-analysis-based methods, appear to capture interactions within pathways. The probabilistic-co-occurrence-based method appears to generate modules of functionally related genes that are connected to potentially explain the underlying experimental dynamics.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is 'n toenemende rykdom van inligting wat gegenereer word met betrekking tot biologiese stelsels, veral inligting oor die interaksies en afhanklikheidsverhoudinge van gene asook hul regulatoriese prosesse. Dit is dus belangrik om in staat te wees om funksionele begrip te kan heg aan hierdie rykdom van inligting. Wiskunde kan moontlik die gereedskap verskaf en die nodige abstraksies bied om die komplekse sisteem van gene interaksies te modelleer. Hier is die probleem met die beraming van die interaksies tussen gene benader uit verskeie kontekste uit, soos die ontdekking van patrone in gene interaksie met behulp van statistiese afhanklikheid , mede-voorkoms asook funksie verryking. Verskeie tegnieke is in die verlede voorgestel om hierdie probleem te benader, met verskillende vlakke van sukses. Tegnieke het gewissel van toesig leer , die groepering analise, boolean netwerke, dinamiese Bayesian modelle en 'n komplekse stelsel van di erensiaalvergelykings. Hierdie modelle poog om 'n hoë dimensionele ruimte te navigeer met uitdagende grade van vryheid. In hierdie werk word 'n aantal benaderings toegepas om 'n genetiese interaksie netwerk struktuur voor te stel. Drie verskillende modelle word toegepas op werklike biologiese data met die doel om hipoteses oor vermeende biologiese interaksies te genereer. 'n Geteikende groeperings gebaseerde analise gekombineer met die opsporing van verrykte kenmerke is aanvanklik toegepas op 'n Vitis vinifera datastel. Hierdie model verbind disjunkte groepe van vermeende mede-uitgedrukte gene wat gebaseer is op beduidende verrykte kenmerke, hier eksperimentele toestande . Ons pas dan 'n tussen groepering Markov Kombers model toe, op 'n Saccharomyces cerevisiae datastel. Hier is die disjunkte groeperings ge-oorbrug deur die beraming van statistiese afhanklikheid verhoudings tussen die elemente in die afsondelike groeperings. Die nale model was ons toepas op dieselfde Saccharomyces cerevisiae datastel is 'n nie- parametriese Bayes metode wat probe stelle van mede-voorkommende gene ontdek, gegee 'n plaaslike agtergrond. Die gene interaksie is beraam op grond van die topologie van die netwerk struktuur veroorsaak deur die gesamentlike voorkoms gene. In elk van die voorgenome gevalle word ons hipotese vermoedelik ondersteun deur die beraamde gene interaksies in terme van huidige biologiese kennis na te vors. Die verskillende metodes wat hier toegepas is, modelleer verskillende aspekte van die interaksies tussen gene met betrekking tot die datastelle wat ons ondersoek het. In die geteikende benadering blyk dit asof ons vermeemde interaksies beraam gebaseer op die ooreenkoms van biologiese funksies. Waar die a eide gene interaksies moontlik gebaseer kan wees op funksionele ooreenkomste tussen die verskeie gene. In die analise gebaseer op die tussen modelering van gene groepe, blyk dit asof die verhouding van gene in bekende biologiese substelsels gemodelleer word. Dit blyk of die model gebaseer op die gesamentlike voorkoms van gene die verband tussen groepe van funksionele verbonde gene modelleer om die onderliggende dinamiese eienskappe van die experiment te verduidelik.
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Fairfield, Charles Alexander. "Soil-structure interaction in arch bridges." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13809.
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European Community directives now insist upon the imposition of 11.5t axle weights for the assessment of highway bridges and structures. This need for heavier loads arises from the Community wide harmonisation of transport policy. Its successful implementation requires the urgent assessment of our bridge stock of some 75000 masonry arches. The analysis of arch bridges has long lacked an accurate method of assessing the loads transmitted to the arch ring by the surrounding soil. This thesis proposes pressure distributions suitable for use in the analysis of arch bridges. It examines, by way of instrumented small scale and in-situ tests, the soil-structure interaction effects arising from the backfill material. Observations of zones of soil displacement around a loaded arch are made in order to better describe the interactive effects. A finite element analysis of the instrumented tests was done and a parametric study was used to assess the effects of various material properties upon the system's behaviour. The inclusion of the interactive effects observed, and modelled, intends to lead to cost savings in the arch bridge assessment programme by reducing the conservatism inherent in the most common assessment methods. Design curves incorporating soil-structure interaction effects are presented where significant capacity increases can be seen compared with analyses ignoring the effects.
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Sim, Jackie H. H. "Human-structure interaction in cantilever grandstands." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:78fa0288-7567-4ea0-83f6-c7e921f6697f.
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There is a risk that excessive vibration in long span cantilever grandstands can be triggered by the spectators synchronising their jumps to the music played. If the jumping frequency excites a resonance of the grandstand, large force could be generated. This thesis studies human-structure interaction in cantilever grandstands, with emphasis on modelling the passive and jumping crowds, and analysing the response of a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structural system. Preliminary work on analysing a cantilever occupied by seated humans shows that it is acceptable to use a SDOF structural system for analysis which meant emphasis of later work could be placed on understanding the interaction between a passive crowd and the structure. Human dynamic models from published biomechanics studies are used to develop a passive crowd model. A transfer function, fitted to the crowd apparent mass, is used to define the crowd model. It is found that the passive crowd can be approximated well by using a single 2DOF system. The combined passive crowd-structure system is modelled as a feedback system and a parametric study is conducted. It is found that the passive crowd adds significant mass and damping to the structure and these effects vary with the natural frequency of the structure. Records of forces of people jumping to a beat are used to develop a probabilistic model of crowd jumping loads. Key parameters are introduced to characterise the timing and shape of the jumping impulses. An analytical function is used to approximate the impulse shape. All parameters are characterised with probability distribution functions. Using the fitted probability distribution functions, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate individual jumping load-time histories and to obtain the structural responses due to group jumping loads. The variations of the structural response with the natural frequency of the empty structure and the size of the active crowd are presented in charts. As expected, the worst response is found on structures with natural frequencies coinciding with the first three harmonics of the crowd jumping loads. For structures occupied by passive crowds, a significant reduction in the structural response is found at resonance excited by the second and third harmonics, due to high levels of damping provided by the passive crowds. On variation of the structural response with the crowd size, it is found that the structural response becomes asymptotic for groups larger than 16 people. Experimental individual jumping and bobbing tests are conducted at six distinct beat frequencies to look at the variations of the impulse shape and degree of synchronisation with the beat frequency. The bobbing action is found to have a higher inherent variability between individuals compared to jumping. Jumping tests involving two people facing each other are also conducted. The results show that there is a better synchronisation when two people are jumping together compared to when jumping alone.
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Altstadt, Eberhard, Helmar Carl, and Rainer Weiß. "Fluid-Structure Interaction Investigations for Pipelines." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2003. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21726.
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The influence of the fluid-structure interaction on the magnitude fo the loads on pipe walls and support structures is not yet completely understood. In case of a dynamic load caused by a pressure wave, the stresses in pipe walls, especially in bends, are different from the static case.
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Taherzadeh, Reza. "Seismic soil-pile group-structure interaction." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1096.
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Si la prise en compte de l'interaction sol-structure peut être abordée de façon relativement simple dans la plupart des fondations superficielles, il n'en est pas de même pour des groupes de pieux. Les principales difficultés rencontrées sont liées à la complexité et à la taille du modèle numérique nécessaire à l’analyse détaillée. Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation de l’interaction dynamique sol-structure dans le cas particulier des fondations comportant un grand nombre de pieux. Ce travail consiste à faire des modélisations avancées en utilisant un couplage entre le logiciel MISS3D d’éléments de frontière pour des milieux élastiques stratifiés et la toolbox matlab d’éléments finis SDT pour la modélisation des fondations et des structures. Après avoir validé la modélisation à partir de solutions de la littérature, les principaux paramètres gouvernant l’impédance de ces fondations ont été mis en évidence. Les modèles simplifiés de ces impédances ont ensuite été développés dans le cas de pieux flottants ou de pieux encastrés dans un bedrock. Des paramètres de ces modèles simplifiés ont été déterminés par des analyses statistiques fondées sur une base étendue de modèles numériques couvrant une large gamme de situations pratiques. Ces modèles approchés ont été validés sur des cas particuliers, puis différents spectres de réponse modifiés par la prise en compte de l’interaction sol-structure ont été proposésDespite the significant progress in simple engineering design of surface footing with considering the soil-structure interaction (SSI), there is still a need of the same procedure for the pile group foundation. The main approach to solve this strongly coupled problem is the use of full numerical models, taking into account the soil and the piles with equal rigor. This is however a computationally very demanding approach, in particular for large numbers of piles. The originality of this thesis is using an advanced numerical method with coupling the existing software MISS3D based on boundary element (BE), green's function for the stratified infinite visco-elastic soil and the matlab toolbox SDT based on finite element (FE) method to modeling the foundation and the superstructure. After the validation of this numerical approach with the other numerical results published in the literature, the leading parameters affecting the impedance and the kinematic interaction have been identified. Simple formulations have then been derived for the dynamic stiffness matrices of pile groups foundation subjected to horizontal and rocking dynamic loads for both floating piles in homogeneous half-space and end-bearing piles. These formulations were found using a large data base of impedance matrix computed by numerical FE-BE model. These simple approaches have been validated in a practical case. A modified spectral response is then proposed with considering the soil-structure interaction effect
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Brahimi, Malek. "Structure turbulente des panaches thermiques : interaction." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2282.
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Toubalem, Franck. "Interaction sol-structure en milieu stochastique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1669_ftoubalem.pdf.
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En vue d'améliorer la modération de l'lnteraction Sol-Structure, pour des ouvrages "à risque", et d'évaluer par là meme, leurs marges de dimensionnements sous séisme, plusieurs pays se sont associés pour développer un projet international. Ce dernier repose sur la construction d'une maquette instrumentale d'un batiment réacteur de Centrale Nucleaire à l'échelle 1/4, sur le site actif de Hualien (Taiwan). Cette étude succède au projet Lotung qui était l'analogue sur un sol beaucoup plus mou. Les tests de vibrations forcées de cette structure parfaitement axisymétrique font apparaitre deux fréquences de résonance du mode de balancement nettement différentes, dans deux directions orthogonales. Un modèle de sol homogene, aussi sophistiqué soit-il, ne permet pas d'expliquer cet écart. Ainsi pour pallier cette faiblesse, cette thèse propose une interprétation possible du phénomène, via l'intégration de données statistiques qui prennent en compte la variability spatiale à l'échelle macroscopique des caractéristiques mécaniques du sol. Pour appréhender cette nouvelle approche probabiliste et des délicats problèmes adjoints, notre demarche s'articule autour de trois parties relativement independantes les unes des autres, mais néanmoins complémentaires. Dans un premier temps, on établit une synthèse bibliographique sur l'aspect expérimental de ce projet Hualien, et les résultats importants sont exhibés. Dans un deuxième temps, on considère une structure rigide dont le mouvement est successivement décrit par deux puis trois degrés de liberté (respectivement en mono puis en bidimensionnel). Pour traduire les hétérogénéités naturelles du sol et son caractère non deterministe qui en decoule, le corps rigide est supporté par un continuum de ressorts à caractéristiques stochastiques. Dans le cas du tassement, on retrouve ainsi des résultats qui, jusqu'à présent, avaient été seulement observés à l'aide de modèles aux éléments finis, couteux sur le plan numerique. En dynamique, on quantifie d'une part, la dispersion statistique des grandeurs modales (valeurs propres, et fonction de transfert), et d'autre part, on fait apparaître un couplage entre les modes de pompage et de balancement engendré par la prise en compte d'un aléa dans le sol. On met egalement en évidence l'importance du paramètre adimensionnel u ; dans le cas où ce dernier est égal à 3, on retrouve à l'aide du modèle de Winkler bidimensionnel, l'écart expérimental observé. Pour finir, une dernière partie consiste à étudier des milieux continument aléatoires. Dans le cas d'une colonne de sol, l'équation différentielle à coefficients aléatoires est ramenée, grâce à un traitement mathématique original, au cas connu de l'équation d'Helmoltz. Par ailleurs, on examine la question des atténuations liées à ces types de modeles : on montre que l'atténuation "apparente", mise en oeuvre par manipulation d'opérateurs stochastiques n'a pas de sens physique; elle n'existe qu'au travers d'un effet de lissage suscité exclusivement par l'espérance mathématique. En revanche, si on s'intéresse a un modèle de sol constitueé par un continuum de colonnes dont les caractéristiques sont non-déterministes, l'atténuation des amplitudes des pics de résonance est d'autant plus prononcée que la fréquence augmente. Par conséquent, considerer les propriétés mécaniques moyennes d'un tel milieu, ne va pas engendrer la fonction de transfert en déplacement la plus représentative.
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Holder, Justin. "Fluid Structure Interaction in Compressible Flows." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin159584692691518.
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Jamois, Eric. "Interaction houle-structure en zone côtière." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22083.pdf.
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Dans le contexte du dimensionnement de structures marines ou côtières soumises à des vagues non-linéaires dans des profondeurs d'eaux variables, il est nécessaire de considérer les interactions vagues/structure et vagues/vagues sur de grands domaines. Dans cette optique, un modèle de type Boussinesq d'ordre élevé a été développé et a permis d'étudier les interactions non-linéaires susceptibles d'apparaître entre des vagues régulières, d'incidence normale ou oblique, et une structure de type parallélépipédique verticale dans toute la colonne d'eau. Plusieurs applications du modèle sur des cas concrets mettant en jeu des interactions non-linéaires vagues/structure d'ordre élevé, sont présentées. Une étude exhaustive d'un nouveau phénomène physique non-linéaire entraînant de fortes amplifications des vagues au devant de structures réfléchissantes est aussi menéeFor the design of marine or coastal structures subject to nonlinear waves in deep to shallow water, it is crucial to take into account both wave/structure and wave/wave interactions on large fluid domains. In this purpose, a high-order Boussinesq-type model has been developed and used to investigate nonlinear wave interactions with piecewise rectangular bottom-mounted (surface piercing) structures. Several practical applications of the model involving highly nonlinear wave run-up on a rigid plate are presented. Both normal and oblique wave conditions are considered. A new physical phenomenon creating large wave amplification in front of reflective structures is also fully studied
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Brahimi, Malek. "Structure turbulente des panachés thermiques interaction /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376034157.
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Saez, Robert Esteban Modaressi Arézou. "Interaction dynamique non-linéaire sol-structure." S. l. : Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://theses.abes.fr/2009ECAP0012.
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Ritter, Stefan. "Experiments in tunnel-soil-structure interaction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273891.
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Urbanisation will require significant expansion of underground infrastructure, which results in unavoidable ground displacements that affect the built environment. Predicting the interaction between a tunnel, the soil and existing structures remains an engineering challenge due to the highly non-linear behaviour of both the soil and the building. This thesis investigates the interaction between a surface structure and tunnelling-induced ground displacements. Specifically, novel three-dimensionally printed building models with brittle material behaviour, similar to masonry, were developed and tested in a geotechnical centrifuge. This enabled replication of building models with representative global stiffness values and realistic building features including strip footings, intermediate walls, a rough soil-structure interface, building layouts and façade openings. By varying building characteristics, the impact of structural features on both the soil and building response to tunnelling in dense sand was investigated. Results illustrate that the presence of surface structures considerably altered the tunnelling-induced soil response. The building-to-tunnel position notably influences the magnitude of soil displacements and causes localised phenomena such as embedment of building corners. An increase of the façade opening area and building length reduces the alteration of the theoretical greenfield settlements, in particular the trough width. Moreover, the impact of varying the building layout is discussed in detail. For several building-tunnel scenarios, building distortions are quantified and the crucial role of building features is demonstrated. Structures spanning the greenfield inflection point experienced more deformation than identical structures positioned in either sagging or hogging, and partitioning a structure either side of the greenfield inflection point is shown to lead to unconservative damage assessments. Results also quantify the significant extent to which structural distortions increase as façade openings and building length increases. Observed building damage and cracking patterns confirm the reported trends. The experimental results are used to evaluate the performance of available methods to assess the behaviour of buildings to tunnelling. Predictions ignoring soil-structure interaction are usually overly conservative, while approaches based on the relative stiffness of a structure and the soil result in inconsistent predictions, though some methods performed better than others. Practical improvements to consider structural details when assessing this tunnel-soil-structure system are finally proposed.
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Cormier, Anthony. "Interaction tubuline-nucléotide : structure et biochimie." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066030.
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Les microtubules sont des composants clefs du cytosquelette des cellules eucaryotes, ils alternent des phases d’assemblage et de désassemblage, un processus appelé instabilité dynamique. La tubuline qui constitue les microtubules est une protéine hétérodimérique liant deux nucléotides guanosine, l’un au site non-échangeable, l’autre au site échangeable. Au cycle de polymérisation/dépolymérisation des microtubules est associé un cycle nucléotidique au cours duquel la tubuline échange son nucléotide en solution et l’hydrolyse ensuite lors de son assemblage. L’objectif de ma thèse a été de caractériser l’interaction de la tubuline avec le nucléotide échangeable. Nous avons d’abord montré que son activité GTPase nécessite l’intervention de deux tubulines pour se produire et qu’elle n’est efficace que lorsque les tubulines sont positionnées bout à bout en conformation droite. Nous avons également montré que l’échange du nucléotide est unimoléculaire. Cet échange est rendu possible par la flexibilité générale du site ainsi que par son libre accès. En résumé, ce travail a permis de mieux comprendre les relations de la tubuline avec son nucléotide.
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Balendra, Surendran. "Numerical modeling of dynamic soil-pile-structure interaction." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/s%5Fbalendra%5F120705.pdf.
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Roussillon, Pierre. "Interaction sol-structure et interaction site-ville : aspects fondamentaux et modélisation." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0008/these.pdf.
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La réévaluation sismique du bâti existant est un enjeu de sécurité majeur. Dans ce cadre a été effectuée une étude de l'interaction sol-structure (ISS) destinée à orienter l'auscultation du bâti et être intégrée dans un premier diagnostic de vulnérabilité. Elle s'inscrit dans une approche basée sur l'établissement de modèles simples de comportement dynamique issus de la confrontation du comportement supposé de la structure avec des données recueillies in situ par la méthode du bruit de fond, de l'excitation harmonique ou des chocs. Le choix d'une représentation simplifiée de l'ISS, autorisant un calcul analytique des fonctions d'impédances, a permis de déterminer, pour chacun des modèles les plus courants de structures, les paramètres adimensionnels essentiels qui gouvernent le phénomène puis d'estimer, selon les valeurs de ces paramètres, la nature et l'importance de l'effet de l'ISS sur les caractéristiques modales du système. Avec le même souci de privilégier les approches analytiques ou semi-numériques, des modèles basses fréquances ont été développés pour appréhender le phénomène d'interaction site-ville (ISV), autrement dit l'effet d'une urbanisation dense sur le champ d'onde sismique. Une première approche macroscopique, correspondant à une homogénéisation périodique des conditions aux limites en surface, a permis d'identifier le paramètre significatif du couplage mécanique entre le sol et la ville puis d'évaluer l'effet de l'interaction site-ville sur l'amplitude et la durée de la réponse sismique. Une deuxième approche, basée sur une formulation simplifiée et néanmoins réaliste du champ d'onde émis par chaque bâtiment, conduit à définir une couche limite pour décrire les interactions multiples entre sol et bâtiment. L'estimation distincte du mouvement en champ libre ou au niveau d'une fondation est ainsi rendue possibleWe present a dimensional and parametric analysis of soil structure interaction effects, using simple representative models of structure and closed form impedances of cone model. The effect of a dense urban environment on seismic motions is investigated thanks to macroscopic analytical models: as a first approach, the effect of buildings is described by a mean impedance on the soil-city interface. This enables to identify a mechanical soil-city coupling parameter which governs the magnitude of the interaction, and to determine a characteristic time of the soil-city response. A second more refined model based on approximated wave fields radiated by each building lead to introduce a boundary layer to describe the multiple interactions effect. This work highlights the main mechanisms and governing parameters of single and multiple interaction phenomenon
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Roussillon, Pierre Boutin Claude. "Interaction sol-structure et interaction site-ville aspects fondamentaux et modélisation /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=roussillon.
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Gallagher, Timothy. "Towards multi-scale reacting fluid-structure interaction: micro-scale structural modeling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53483.
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The fluid-structure interaction of reacting materials requires computational models capable of resolving the wide range of scales present in both the condensed phase energetic materials and the turbulent reacting gas phase. This effort is focused on the development of a micro-scale structural model designed to simulate heterogeneous energetic materials used for solid propellants and explosives. These two applications require a model that can track moving surfaces as the material burns, handle spontaneous formation of discontinuities such as cracks, model viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials, include finite-rate kinetics, and resolve both micro-scale features and macro-scale trends. Although a large set of computational models is applied to energetic materials, none meet all of these criteria. The Micro-Scale Dynamical Model serves as the basis for this work. The model is extended to add the capabilities required for energetic materials. Heterogeneous solid propellant burning simulations match experimental burn rate data and descriptions of material surface. Simulations of realistic heterogeneous plastic-bound explosives undergoing impact predict the formation of regions of localized heating called hotspots which may lead to detonation in the material. The location and intensity of these hotspots is found to vary with the material properties of the energetic crystal and binder and with the impact velocity. A statistical model of the hotspot peak temperatures for two frequently used energetic crystals indicates a linear relationship between the hotspot intensity and the impact velocity. This statistical model may be used to generate hotspot fields in macro-scale simulations incapable of resolving the micro-scale heating that occurs in heterogeneous explosives.
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Chenaf, Nawel. "Interaction inertielle et interaction cinématique sol - pieu." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2012.
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Le présent travail vise d'abord à étudier expérimentalement les interactions inertielle et cinématique sol-pieu dans un sol non-cohérent à l'aide de modèles réduits centrifugés, à construire ensuite une plate forme de modélisation numérique dynamique non-linéaire de la réponse temporelle du système sol-pieu et à proposer une première génération des modèles d'élément d'interface de type Winkler calés sur les résultats expérimentaux. Les essais sous impact en tête fournissent des données sur l'interaction inertielle pure, les essais sous séisme sans chevêtre, puis avec chevêtre permettent d'observer respectivement l'interaction cinématique pure et l'interaction couplée inertielle et cinématique. Les boucles P - réaction du sol – Y déplacement du pieu aux différentes profondeurs sont établies et analysées dans les trois situations. La modélisation numérique de type Winkler dynamique non-linéaire 1D implémente l’algorithme de Newton-Raphson et l’algorithme de Hilbert-Hugues-Taylor. Des modèles d'éléments d'interface sont choisis dans la littérature parmi ceux fondés sur des paramètres physiques. La plate-forme numérique permet de proposer un calage des paramètres de ces éléments sur les résultats expérimentaux pour reproduire les trois types d’interaction. La séparation des interactions inertielle et cinématique a été observée expérimentalement pour la première fois dans le présent travailThe present work is first an experimental study of the inertial and the kinematic soil pile interaction of a single pile in a non-coherent soil through reduced scale model tests in the centrifuge. Then a numerical modelisation is built to compute the nonlinear dynamic response of the soil-pile system in the time domain. The experimental results make it possible to build a first generation of Winkler interface elements numerical models. Impacts experiments on a single pile with a pile cap provide an insight in the purely inertial interaction. Tests in the earthquake simulator embarked in the centrifuge give also experimental data about the purely kinematic interaction (without pile cap) and the combination of the two forms of interaction (with a pile cap). P-y loops (Soil reaction–Pile displacement) are established for the three different experimental conditions and reveal important differences. The numerical model is that of the 1D Winkler beam on nonlinear interface punctual elements. It implements the modified Newton algorithm and the Hilbert-Hugues-Taylor algorithm. The different interface elements based on physical parameters are chosen from the literature. They are fitted on the experimental data to reproduce the three forms of interactions. A separation of the inertial type interaction and the kinematic type has been experimentally observed for the first time in the present work
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Alyagshi, Eilouch Mohamed Nazih. "A mixed method for transient analysis of structures including soil-structure interaction /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487264603218809.
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Valdés, Vázquez Jesús Gerardo. "Nonlinear Analysis of Orthotropic Membrane and Shell Structures Including Fluid-Structure Interaction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6866.
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Problemas de interacciónn fluido-estructura representan hoy en día un gran desafío en diferentes áreas de ingeniería y ciencias aplicadas. Dentro de las aplicaciones en ingeniería civil, el flujo del viento y los movimientos estructurales pueden ocasionar inestabilidades aeroelásticas en construcciones tales como puentes de gran luz, rascacielos y cubiertas estructurales ligeras. Por otro lado, aplicaciones en biomecánica están interesadas en el estudio de hemodinámica, por ejemplo: flujo sanguíneo en arterias, donde grandes deformaciones de las venas interactúan con fluidos.En la parte estructural de este trabajo, una nueva metodología para el análisis geométricamente no-lineal ortótropo de membranas y láminas sin grados de libertad de rotación es desarrollada basándose en la orientación de la fibra principal del material. Una consecuencia directa de la estrategia de orientación de fibras es la posibilidad de analizar membranas y láminas pretensadas cuya configuración inicial está fuera del plano. Por otra parte, ya que la teoría convencional de membranas permite que existan tensiones de compresión, un modelo de arrugado basado en la modificación de la ecuación constitutiva se presenta. El desarrollo estructural es modelado con elementos finitos provenientes de las ecuaciones de la elastodinámica.La parte de fluidos de este trabajo está gobernada por las ecuaciones de Navier-
Stokes para flujos incompresibles, las cuales son modeladas por interpolaciones estabilizadas de elementos finitos. Ya que la solución monolítica de dichas ecuaciones tiene la desventaja que consumen mucho tiempo en la solución de grandes sistemas de ecuaciones, el método de pasos fraccionados se usa para aprovechar las ventajas computacionales que brinda gracias al desacoplamiento de la presión del campo de las velocidades. Además, el esquema α-generalizado para integración en el tiempo para fluidos es adaptado para que se use con la t´ecnica de los pasos fraccionados.
El problema de interacción fluido-estructura es formulado como un sistema de tres campos: la estructura, el fluido y el movimiento de la malla. El movimiento del dominio del fluido es tomado en cuenta mediante la formulación arbitraria Lagrangiana-Euleriana, para la cual se usan dos estrategias de movimiento de malla.
Para el acoplamiento entre el fluido y la estructura se usa un acoplamiento fuerte por bloques usando la técnica de Gauss-Seidel. Debido a que la interacción entre el fluido y la estructura es altamente no-lineal, se implementa el método de relajación basado en la técnica de Aitken, la cual acelera la convergencia del problema.
Finalmente varios problemas se presentan en los diferentes campos, los cuales verifican la eficiencia de los algoritmos implementados.
Nowadays, fluid-structure interaction problems are a great challenge of different fields in engineering and applied sciences. In civil engineering applications, wind flow and structural motion may lead to aeroelastic instabilities on constructions such as long-span bridges, high-rise buildings and light-weight roof structures. On the other hand, biomechanical applications are interested in the study of hemodynamics, i.e. blood flow through large arteries, where large structural membrane deformations interact with incompressible fluids.
In the structural part of this work, a new methodology for the analysis of geometrically nonlinear orthotropic membrane and rotation-free shell elements is developed based on the principal fiber orientation of the material. A direct consequence of the fiber orientation strategy is the possibility to analyze initially out-ofplane prestressed membrane and shell structures. Additionally, since conventional membrane theory allows compression stresses, a wrinkling algorithm based on modifying the constitutive equation is presented. The structure is modeled with finite elements emerging from the governing equations of elastodynamics.
The fluid portion of this work is governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, which are modeled by stabilized equal-order interpolation finite elements.
Since the monolithic solution for these equations has the disadvantage that take great computer effort to solve large algebraic system of equations, the fractional step methodology is used to take advantage of the computational efficiency given by the uncoupling of the pressure from the velocity field. In addition, the generalized-α time integration scheme for fluids is adapted to be used with the fractional step technique.
The fluid-structure interaction problem is formulated as a three-field system: the structure, the fluid and the moving fluid mesh solver. Motion of the fluid domain is accounted for with the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation with two different mesh update strategies. The coupling between the fluid and the structure is performed with the strong coupling block Gauss-Seidel partitioned technique.
Since the fluid-structure interaction problem is highly nonlinear, a relaxation technique based on Aitken's method is implemented in the strong coupling formulation to accelerate the convergence.
Finally several example problems are presented in each field to verify the robustness and efficiency of the overall algorithm, many of them validated with reference solutions.
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Yogendrakumar, Muthucumarasamy. "Dynamic soil-structure interaction : theory and verification." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29222.
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A nonlinear effective stress method of analysis for determining the static and dynamic response of 2-D embankments and soil-structure interaction systems is presented. The method of analysis is incorporated in the computer program TARA-3. The constitutive model in TARA-3 is expressed as a sum of a shear stress model and a normal stress model. The behavior in shear is assumed to be nonlinear and hysteretic, exhibiting Masing behavior under unloading and reloading. The response of the soil to uniform all round pressure is assumed to nonlinearly elastic and dependent on the mean normal effective stresses.
The porewater pressures required in the dynamic effective stress method of analysis are obtained by the Martin-Finn-Seed porewater pressure generation model modified to include the effect of initial static shear. During dynamic analysis, the effective stress regime and consequently the soil properties are modified for the effect of seismically induced porewater pressures.
A very attractive feature of TARA-3 is that all the parameters required for an analysis may be obtained from conventional geotechnical engineering tests either in-situ or in laboratory.
A novel feature of the program is that the dynamic analysis can be conducted starting from the static stress-strain condition which leads to accumulating permanent deformations in the direction of the smallest residual resistance to deformation. The program can also start the dynamic analysis from a zero stress-zero strain condition as is done conventionally in engineering practice.
The program includes an energy transmitting base and lateral energy transmitting boundaries to simulate the radiation of energy which occurs in the field.
The program predicts accelerations, porewater pressures, instantaneous dynamic deformations, permanent deformations due to the hysteretic stress-strain response, deformations due to gravity acting on the softening soil and deformations due to consolidation as the seismic porewater pressures dissipate.
The capability of TARA-3 to model the response of soil structures and soil-structure interaction systems during earthquakes has been validated using data from simulated earthquake tests on a variety of centrifuged models conducted on the large geotechnical centrifuge at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom. The data base includes acceleration time histories, porewater pressure time histories and deformations at many locations within the models. The program was able to successfully simulate acceleration and porewater pressure time histories and residual deformations in the models.
The validation program suggests that TARA-3 is an efficient and reliable program for the nonlinear effective stress analysis of many important problems in geotechnical engineering for which 2-D plane strain representation is adequate.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Gout, d'Henin Emmanuelle. "Ondes de Stoneley en interaction fluide-structure." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2263.
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Nayer, Guillaume de. "Interaction fluide-structure pour les corps élancés." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2090.
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Les moyens de calcul actuels conduisent les différentes disciplines scientifiques à se rapprocher, afin de prendre en compte des phénomènes physiques de plus en plus complexes. Ainsi, un axe de recherche de l'Équipe de Modélisation Numérique du Laboratoire de Mécanique des fluides UMR6598 de l'École Centrale Nantes est l'Interaction Fluide-Structure (IFS). Dans ce contexte, le développement d'un solveur structure grand déplacement, limité aux corps élancés, puis son couplage avec le code RANSE volumes-finis non-structuré ISIS ont été réalisés. Le solveur poutre s'appuie sur la théorie de Cosserat et sur la méthode dite ``géométriquement exacte''. Une attention particulière a été portée au couplage en espace sur les interpolations et au transfert des informations à l'interface fluide-structure, afin d'être le plus précis possible et d'assurer la conservation des efforts. Le code poutre pouvant prendre en compte de grands mouvements, une technique originale a dû être écrite pour mettre à jour le domaine de calcul fluide. Elle se base sur l'approche pseudo-solide, et permet via une loi de comportement locale du pseudo-solide, de contrôler finement la déformation du maillage. Chaque partie du code IFS a été validée : le solveur poutre sur des cas-tests 2D/3D, en statique et en dynamique, en petit et grand déplacement; le module de remaillage sur des géométries variées et en calcul parallèle. Enfin, quelques applications IFS ont été traitées : deux exemples bidimensionnels, l'un stationnaire, l'autre très instationnaire; puis, le programme a montré ses possibilités en tridimensionnel sur un câble déformable fixé à une extrémité et subissant un courant, ou encore un riser tracté dans un environnement multifluide au reposThe current computational resources lead the different scientific disciplines to get closer to each other, in order to consider more and more complex phenomena. Thus, one of the axis of research of the CFD Team from École Centrale Nantes is the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI). In this context, the development of a large displacement structural solver for elongated bodies and its coupling with the non-structured finite volume RANSE solver, ISIS, has been done. This thin beam solver relies on the Cosserat theory and on the ``geometrically exact'' approach. The space coupling on the interpolations and the information transfer at the fluid-structure interface were realised with caution, in order to be as accurate as possible and to fulfill the load conservation. Since the beam solver can be used for great displacements, an original technique had to be built to update the fluid computational domain. It is based on the pseudo solid approach, which allows a precise control over the mesh deformation through a local behaviour law of the pseudo-solid. Each part of the FSI code has been checked: the structural solver on 2D/3D test-cases, in statics and in dynamics, in small and large displacements; the remeshing module has been tested on various geometries and with MPI. Finally, some FSI applications have been performed: two bidimensional examples, a steady case and a fully unsteady one; then, the program has shown its capabilities in 3D on a deformable cable in a current with a fixed end. The computation of a riser towed in a multifluid environment at rest has also been done and studied
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Mullaert, Jimmy. "Numerical methods for incompressible fluid-structure interaction." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066683/document.
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Cette thèse présente une famille de schémas explicites pour la résolution d'un problème couplé d'interaction entre un fluide visqueux incompressible et une structure élastique (avec possiblement un comportement visco-élastique et/ou non linéaire). La principale propriété de ces schémas est une condition de Robin consistante à l'interface, qui représente une caractéristique fondamentale du problème continu dans le cas où la structure est mince. Si le couplage s'effectue avec une structure épaisse, une condition de Robin généralisée peut être formulée pour le problème semi-discret en espace, à l'aide d'une condensation de la matrice de masse de la structure. Une deuxième caractéristique majeure de ces schémas est la capacité d'obtenir une condition de Robin qui intègre à la fois des extrapolations de la vitesse et des efforts du solide (donnant lieu à un schéma de couplage explicite), mais également un traitement implicite de l'inertie de la structure, qui rend le schéma stable quelle que soit l'intensité de l'effet de masse ajoutée. Un résultat général de stabilité et de convergence est présenté pour tous les ordres d'extrapolations dans un cadre linéaire représentatif. On montre, en particulier, que les propriétés de stabilité se conservent lorsque le couplage s'effectue avec une structure mince ou épaisse. En revanche, la précision optimale obtenue dans le cas d'une structure mince n'est pas retrouvée avec une structure épaisse. L'erreur introduite par le schéma de couplage comporte en effet une non-uniformité en espace, qui provient de la non-uniformité des reconstructions discrètes des opérateurs viscoélastiques. L'approximation induite par la condensation de la matrice de masse solide n'est pas responsable de cette non-uniformité. À partir de ce schéma,on propose également des méthodes itératives pour la résolution du schéma fortement couplé.La convergence de cette méthode est démontrée dans un cadre linéaire et ne montre pas de sensibilité à l'effet de masse ajoutée. Finalement, les résultats théoriques obtenus sont illustrés par des exemples numériques variés, dans les cas linéaire et non linéaireThis thesis introduces a class of explicit coupling schemes for the numerical solution of fluid-structure interaction problems involving a viscous incompressible fluid and a general elastic structure (thin-walled or thick-walled, viscoelastic and non-linear).The first fundamental ingredient of these methods is the notion of interface Robin consist encyon the interface. This is an intrinsic (parameter free) feature of the continuous problem, in the case of the coupling with thin-walled solids. For thick-walled structures, we show that an intrinsic interface Robin consistency can also be recovered at the space semi-discrete level, using a lumped-mass approximation in the structure.The second key ingredient of the methods proposed consists in deriving an explicit Robin interface condition for the fluid, which combines extrapolations of the solid velocity and stresses with an implicit treatment of the solid inertia. The former enables explicit coupling,while the latter guarantees added-mass free stability. Stability and error estimates are provided for all the variants (depending on the extrapolations), using energy arguments within a representative linear setting. We show, in particular, that the stability properties do not depend on the thin- or thick-walled nature of the structure. The optimal first-order accuracy obtained in the case of the coupling with thin-walled structuresis, however, not preserved when the structure is thick-walled, due to the spatial non uniformityof the splitting error. The genesis of this problem is the non-uniformity of the discrete viscoelastic operators, related to the thick-walled character of the structure,and not to the mass-lumping approximation. Based on these splitting schemes, new, parameter-free, Robin-Neumann iterative procedures for the partitioned solution of strong coupling are also proposed and analyzed. A comprehensive numerical study, involving linear and non linear models, confims the theoretical findings reported in this thesis
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Aldaikh, Hesham S. H. "Discrete models for the study of dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633205.
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The problem of Dynamic Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction (SSSI) refers to the mutual interaction of adjacent buildings in built-up high density areas through the underlying soil under earthquake excitation. Due to the complexity of the problem, past studies have mainly considered the use of intricate mathematical formulations or the computationally demanding numerical Finite Element and Boundary Element methods. In the present study, linear elastic two-dimensional formulations are proposed using simple discrete lumped parameter models for structures and soil for groups of two and three adjacent buildings systems. The formulation includes a rotational spring as a key buildings interaction mechanism. Inverse power laws are proposed for this rotational interaction and for soil/foundation springs stiffnesses which turn out to be functions of spacing between adjacent buildings. These relationships are obtained by equating energies from the low order discrete and high order Finite Element models.
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phelipot, Annabelle. "Interaction sol-structure lors d'opérations de microtunnelage." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003398.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre du Projet National de Recherche français "Microtunnels". Le microtunnelage est une technique de pose de canalisations sans tranchée. Elle consiste à foncer la canalisation à l'arrière d'un microtunnelier ayant les fonctions d'excavation, de marinage et de guidage. Cette méthode récente, permettant de réduire les nuisances liées à la pose des réseaux en tranchée, se développe principalement dans le cadre du génie civil urbain.Cette étude essentiellement expérimentale concerne les problèmes liés au frottement à l'interface sol-canalisation, à la stabilité du front de taille, et enfin aux mouvements induits au sein du massif de sol traversé.
Une première phase d'observations de terrain, basée sur le suivi complet de chantiers de microtunnelage dans des conditions de sol diverses, comportait la caractérisation des terrains traversés ainsi que l'enregistrement des principaux paramètres de fonçage et de pilotage. L'interprétation de ces données a permis de mettre en évidence l'incidence de la nature des terrains, de la surcoupe, de la lubrification et des problèmes de guidage sur les frottements mobilisés, sans permettre toutefois de toujours faire la part de chacun de ces paramètres. Les problèmes de stabilité du front et leur incidence sur les mouvements du sol ont pu également être observés et analysés.
A partir de ces résultats, une étude complémentaire, dans des conditions bien contrôlées, a été entreprise dans une chambre de calibration adaptée à la modélisation du fonçage de canalisations. Les essais réalisés ont permis de cerner plus précisément l'incidence de la surcoupe et de l'injection de lubrifiant sur les frottements mobilisés et sur les mouvements engendrés dans le massif. L'incidence de la surcoupe a été modélisée à l'aide de simulations numériques bidimensionnelles en vue de l'extension aux conditions in situ.