Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structure localisée'
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Merigaud, Eric. "Structure de la couche limite turbulente en présence d'aspiration pariétale localisée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22015.
Full textBertrand, David. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique d'une structure cellulaire soumise à une sollicitation dynamique localisée - Application aux structures de protection contre les éboulements rocheux." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012195.
Full textGarbin, Bruno. "Excitabilité et solitons temporels de phase dans un système laser neuromorphique." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4133/document.
Full textIn this thesis, I report the results of studies performed during these last three years at Institut Non Linéaire de Nice. First, I present results on perturbing a neuron-like excitable system build from a simple laser with an injected signal experiment. Excitability, that comes in this case from the proximity of a Saddle-node bifurcation, is defined as an all or-nothing response to an external perturbation. The excitable response, that arises from perturbation larger than a certain threshold, corresponds to the unlocking between the two lasers for one period. Triggering of such excitable responses, that shape do not dependent on the perturbation (kind, strength), is demonstrated applying perturbations. In a second part, I analyze the influence of the connection between one of this neuron and its own axon. Experimentally we add a feedback mirror building a laser submitted to injection and feedback. Under certain conditions, the previous excitable response is found to regenerate in the external cavity, exhibiting a memory behavior where the information is coded in the time spiking pattern. Analytically, this corresponds to the addition of a linear delay term that acts as a space-like coordinate allowing the storage of many "excitable responses", and their interpretation in terms of Sine-Gordon topological solitons. Application of appropriate perturbations could lead to the control of "information" present. Many interesting behaviors of this new structures are observed and analyzed numerically with appropriate models, like collisions, clustering, particle-like diffusion, locking to periodic additional forcing
Jbara, Abdelkhalek. "États électroniques localisés et phonons localisés dans certaines structures lamellaires." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10136.
Full textHagon, J. P. "Localised defects in SiOsub(2)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356816.
Full textXu, Tao. "Croissance localisée, caractérisation structurale et électronique de nanofils silicium." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460328.
Full textGendre, Lionel. "Approche globale / locale non-intrusive : application aux structures avec plasticité localisée." Phd thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449687/fr/.
Full textThis work introduces a method for embedding local details, nonlinear phenomena or innovative features into an industrial finite element problem in a non-intrusive way, ie. Without modifying the existing model data or software. It consists in creating a local model of the concerned region, containing the desired features, and then substituting it into the industrial problem, by the means of a solver coupling technique adapted from domain decomposition methods; non-intrusiveness and flexibility are obtained by using both solvers as black boxes and by only exchanging load vectors between the solvers. The method is currently applied to introduce localized plasticity and geometric details into a large linear elastic model. Two kinds of local boundary conditions are studied (Dirichlet and Robin) and a non-intrusive quasi-Newton acceleration technique is introduced, that leads to very fast convergence. Examples are shown using the commercial software package Abaqus, including a large 3D problem provided by our industrial partner Snecma
Decossin, Stéphane. "Étude de l'auto-organisation des structures tourbillonnaires bidimensionnelles localisées." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-371.pdf.
Full textZhong, Hongzhi. "Behaviour of shells under localised impact." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308648.
Full textBarland, Stéphane. "Étude expérimentale de microcavités à semiconducteur : structures spatiales étendues et localisées." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5678.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is the formation of spatial structures induced by nonlinear interactions between a semiconductor medium and a coherent electric field. Our goal is the formation of spatial localized structures in semiconductor micro cavities. To that aim, we perform optical injection experiments in transverse one-dimensional systems (edge emitting lases) and bidimensional ones (vertical cavity semiconductor lasers), both kept in an optical amplifier regime. The study of edge emitting lasers has revealed the formation of spatial structures which cannot be described as resonator modes and we obtain indications about spatial decorrelation of the system in certain parameter regimes. Along this experimental work, we had to face unexpected thermal effects which gave us the opportunity to relate a paradigmatic model (well known in biology or chemistry) to nonlinear optics and to show the excitable character of the experimental system. During the study of the bidimensional system we show the formation of structures whose symmetry is inferior to the one imposed by transverse boundary conditions (hexagons and rolls). In particular, close to the boundary of a modulational instability, we show the formation of mutually independent bistable spatial structures
Turconi, Margherita. "Excitabilité et structures localisées laser dans les microcavités à semi-conducteur." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866115.
Full textDujc, Jaka. "Analyse éléments finis de la charge limite et de la rupture localisée des structures." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505153.
Full textWatson, Michael J. "Localised conduction electrons in carbon nanotubes and related structures." Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2775/.
Full textMarcq, Philippe. "Systemes dynamiques etendus : structures localisees et transitions de phase." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066273.
Full textMurtiadi, Suryawan. "Behaviour of concrete frame structures under localised fire scenarios." Thesis, Aston University, 2007. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14315/.
Full textDuigou, Olivier. "Développement de la croissance de graphène par CVD sur cobalt, analyses morphologique et structurale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS101/document.
Full textGraphene, a two-dimensional material composed of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal lattice, has outstanding physical and chemical properties, i.e. its exceptional electronic mobility. This material is thus promising for many applications in the future. However, if chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is a very promising method for large-scale graphene growth , it is still very challenging to control graphene characteristics. The objective of this experimental work is both to develop graphene growth by CVD at atmospheric pressure and moderate temperature (600°C / 850°C) on cobalt and to analyse grown graphene with complementary techniques to determine its physical, chemical and structural characteristics.A study of the influence of different synthesis parameters on graphene characteristics (number of layer, coverage, defect and crystallite size) has been achieved. By combining the use of commercial cobalt foils with growth temperature of 850°C, a high cooling rate (100°C/min) and a low carbon supply, a continuous graphene film of three layers has been synthesized. Moreover, by measuring carbon distribution in the cobalt substrate after graphene growth, we have highlighted a carbon concentration about 100 times higher than carbon solubility in cobalt at 850 °C.The influence of cobalt on graphene structure was studied by X-ray diffraction using a synchrotron beamline. Prior to experiments, graphene was grown by CVD at atmospheric pressure on cobalt thin film. The structural study of this system has revealed a turbostratic stacking of graphene and two different orientations for graphene domains with respect to cobalt.The study of the graphene/cobalt system is completed by a multi-technique and localised characterisation of graphene which enables to analyse a same area of graphene when it is on cobalt and then after transfer on SiO2 substrate. Sample characterisation is based on microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of cobalt substrate on grown graphene, especially on mechanical strain and electronic doping, is highlighted
Marconi, Mathias. "Structures localisées temporelles dans les lasers à semi-conducteur à cavité verticale." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4098/document.
Full textLocalized Structures (LS) appear in nonlinear dissipative media with large aspect-ratios where one or several solutions coexist in the parameters space. Although LS formation is a general phenomenon, their implementation in semiconductor lasers is of great interest due to the potential of LS for all-optical data processing. In fact, the basic idea consists in using LS as bits of information exploiting their property of addressability in a fast and small-sized medium. In this contribution, I will show the experimental and theoretical results obtained in Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). After a brief historical introduction on spatial LS emerging in the transverse profile of VCSELs, I will describe our method for the generation of temporal LS, that we observed in the frame of passive mode-locking when the VCSEL is coupled to a long external cavity closed by a fast saturable absorber, and vectorial LS, whose formation exploits the polarization degree of freedom of the VCSEL, which is submitted to the actions of a polarization-selective feedback (PSF) and a crossed-polarization reinjection (XPR)
Camelin, Patrice. "Génération et contrôle d'impulsions localisées dans les lasers à semiconducteurs." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4120/document.
Full textLocalized Structures (LS) appear in non-linear dissipative mediums with a large aspect ratio and where several solutions coexist for the same range of parameters. They have a correlation length much shorter than the size of the system which makes them individually addressable objects. LS have been widely studied in optical resonators for their potential in all-optic informations processing. We focus our study on Temporal Localized Structures in a Passive Mode-Locked Laser. More specifically, we study a Vertical Cavity SurfaceEmitting Laser (VCSEL) coupled in an external cavity with a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM). We show that pulses emitted by this system can be individually turned on and off using electrical pulses in the bias current. We study the possibility to move those pulses and/or to reconfigure their positions in the cavity thanks to a modulation of the bias current. We were able to discover a new paradigm for the dynamics of LS, studied until now only in system with parity symmetry (spatial system et Kerr fiber resonator). Indeed, in our system, the finite response time of the semiconductor medium brings causality in the cavity, and so breaks the parity symmetry of the system. This fact has important consequences on the LS drifting speed, on their shapes and their interactions. In the last part of my thesis, inspired by the results we obtain in this system, we focus on the implementation of spatio-temporal LS, also called Light Bullet (LB). Indeed, a similar system was used to implement LS in the transverse section of the resonator, so it can be a good candidate to generate LB. So we study the modification needed to obtain those structures. The results suggested to replace the VCESL by a similar device but that can't lase without external mirror. This device, called half-VCSEL or VECSEL, and its compatible SESAM, were design the Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes of Montpellier. The optimization of the characteristic of those devices allows to get a regime of temporal localization, which is a promising towards the Light Bullets
Fang, Cheng. "Robustness of multi-storey steel-composite structures under localised fire." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9646.
Full textErvine, Adam. "Damaged reinforced concrete structures in fire." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6229.
Full textYoon, Hong. "Highly localised surface plasmon polaritons in active metallo-organic multilayer structures." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9768.
Full textNacereddine, Rabia. "Intéractions de structures localisées dans un écoulement pariétal : nouveau mécanisme de transition by-pass." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10079.
Full textThe interaction between two localized disturbances is analyzed in a subcritical channel flow through direct numerical simulations. The initial perturbations are of the form of two pairs of counter rotating vortices. One of them interacts with the wall normal vorticity layers set-up near the wall, by compressing or stretching locally part of them through the straining motion it induces. The breakdown of spanwise symmetry leads to the rapid development of a new wall normal vorticity patch that is tilted by the shear and rolls up into a new small-scale streamwise vortex. The process results in a localized turbulent spot at later stages of development. A detailed analysis is carried out to determine the role of different parameters entering in the physics of the mechanism. Several critical thresholds that trigger the interactive bypass transition process are found and analyzed. The similitude parameters resulting from the parametric investigation coincide well with those governing the self-sustaining Reynolds shear stress producing eddies in the buffer layer of a fully developed turbulent wall flow. Tt is suggested that the mechanism we propose may play some role in the regeneration cycle of the near wall turbulence generating structures by precisely bypassing the three-dimensional streak instability mechanism. Based on these results, an active micro-mixing strategy through forcing the flow by synthetic wall jets is proposed. The feasibilitv of this strategy is shown through direct numerical simulations of high spatial and temporal resolution
Jiang, Liming. "Development of an integrated computational tool for modelling structural frames in fire considering local effects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19563.
Full textBecu, Emilie. "Structures régulières dans la turbulence bidimensionnelle." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120618.
Full textTlidi, Mustapha. "Structures transverses en optique nonlinéaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/288856/5/These-Mustapha_Tlidi-scan400dpi-2.djvu.
Full textBillingham, Martin Robert. "Genetic structure, localised adaptation and optimal outcrossing distance in two neotropical tree species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301795.
Full textBelkhir, Mohamed Akli. "Structure de bandes à spin polarisé par la méthode des fonctions localisées : application à MnO et NiO." Metz, 1988. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1988/Belkhir.Mohamed_Akli.SMZ8812.pdf.
Full textA spin polarized band calculation based on a localized function method has been performed on MnO and NiO in their antiferromagnetic configuration. When the intra-atomic exchange is strong enough like in MnO, a gap appears between the majority and minority d bands which suffices to explain the insulating behaviour of that oxide. Further it has been show that a gap is systematically opened in each majority and minority band due in NiO is responsible for its semiconducting properties. Thus the p-d hybridization which prevents the gap formation in the NaCl structure leads to a satisfactory issue only when the magnetic ordering is taken into account
Ecarnot, Aurore. "Nano-pince optique intégrée contrôlée par plasmon de surface localisé pour le piégeage de nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS545/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the conception and the realisation of an integrated nano-tweezers based on the near field effect to trap nanoparticles smaller than 1 µm.The proposed device exploits the strong coupling between a SOI waveguide and a gold elliptic chain to excite the localized surface plasmon and to create a deep energy potential well to trap polystyrene beads.FDTD simulations are used to optimize the geometry of the structure and to extract the stiffness values and the potential energy. The efficiency and the trapping stability are evaluated with particles having size between 20 nm and 1 $upmu$m. This work shows that polystyrene beads with a radius between 50 and 250 nm are efficiently trapped thanks to single and double plasmonic chain with an injected power of 10 mW. The electric field is more localized when two gold elliptic nanocylinders on top of a SOI waveguide are considered. This structure can be used as a sensor to detect the shift of the optical index or the variation of the bead size. The tweezing of metallic beads having radius higher than 15 nm is also presented. It is also possible to control the position of the trap particle along a gold elliptic chain by varying the injected wavelength into the waveguide.Trapping device are fabricated in clean-room based on the simulations results of the geometry optimisation and are characterized on an optical bench. Optical measurements of transmission enable to determine the resonance wavelength of the plasmonic chain. Optical trapping experiment highlight the efficient tweezing of dielectric nanoparticles. With time resolved tracking method of the particle, position histograms can be plotted to extract potential energy and stiffness value. These experimentals results are not as good as the simulations results which can be explain by mechanic vibrations of the optical bench.This trapping device opens news applications in all integrated nanometric sensors with a small injected power
Anele, Amos onyedikachi. "Conception et l'amélioration de la structure de couplage magnétique pour des systèmes de transfert de puissance inductive localisées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV038/document.
Full textTaking into account high oil prices and environmental awareness, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered as a healthier mode of transportation. Amongst other eco-friendly vehicles, EVs are considered as a favourable solution for a greener energy because the electricity they consume can be generated from a wide range of sources which include fossil fuel, nuclear power and renewable energy. However, users and owners of EVs feel uncomfortable because EVs require sufficient electrical energy battery storage on-board to provide sufficient driving autonomy.Lumped inductive power transfer (LIPT) system is a new technology that allows the transfer of electric power between its air-cored primary and secondary coils via high frequency magnetic fields to a consuming device. Unlike the conventional plug-in system, LIPT system is capable of providing a safe, efficient and convenient overnight recharging of EVs. However, its main limiting factor is the poor performance of its magnetic coupling structure (MCS), which is intended to transfer power efficiently. Thus the problem statement of this thesis is to improve the performance of MCS models for LIPT systems.Firstly, based on a more efficient and relevant mathematical model available in the literature, MATLAB code is implemented to compute the mutual inductance between air-cored filamentary circular (FC) coils. Also, the computation and experimental validation of the magnetic fields between two FC coils are presented.Furthermore, computational models of an IPT system for EV battery charge are presented in this thesis. Based on the technical specifications of Renault ZOE, the results obtained show that by supplying a higher frequency AC voltage to the primary coil of the MCS and compensating the primary and secondary sides of the air-cored coils with series-series capacitors, the 3 kW single-phase and 22 kW three-phase IPT systems modelled using MATLAB/Simulink are capable of delivering the electricity needed to power the Renault ZOE.Finally, in order to recommend a suitable and cost-efficient MCS model that can help transfer electric power more efficiently for the battery charging of EVs and E-bikes, a 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) package called COMSOL multiphysics is used to design, compute and investigate a more complex and realistic MCS model of LIPT systems. The designed MCS models incorporate air-cored coils with proper configuration of magnetic cores (e.g. ferrite), structural steel covering for the bottom part of the primary coil and top part of the secondary coil and lastly, iron plate which serves as a covering for the primary coil installed underground and the chassis or underbody structure of EVs. The performance of the designed models are determined by the values of the mutual inductance and induced voltage obtained from COMSOL
D'AMORIM, SANTA CRUZ PETRUS. "Developpement, etude structurale et spectroscopie de vitroceramiques transparentes a dopage localise en vue d'application laser." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112159.
Full textMoussi, El Hadi. "Analyse de structures vibrantes dotées de non-linéarités localisées à jeu à l'aide des modes non-linéaires." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933366.
Full textMoussi, El hadi. "Analyse de structures vibrantes dotées de non-linéarités localisées à jeu à l'aide des modes non-linéaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4792/document.
Full textThis work is a collaboration between EDF R&D and the Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics. The objective is to develop theoretical and numerical tools to compute nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of structures with localized nonlinearities.We use an approach combining the harmonic balance and the asymptotic numerical methods, known for its robustness principally for smooth systems. Regularization techniques are used to apply this approach for the study of nonsmooth problems. Moreover, several aspects of the method are improved to allow the computation of NNMs for systems with a high number of degrees of freedom (DOF). Finally, the method is implemented in Code_Aster, an open-source finite element solver developed by EDF R&D.The nonlinear normal modes of a two degrees-of-freedom system are studied and some original characteristics are observed. These observations are then used to develop a methodology for the study of systems with a high number of DOFs. The developed method is finally used to compute the NNMs for a model U-tube of a nuclear plant steam generator. The analysis of the NNMs reveals the presence of an interaction between an out-of-plane (low frequency) and an in-plane (high frequency) modes, a result also confirmed by the experiment. This modal interaction is not possible using linear modal analysis and confirms the interest of NNMs as a diagnostic tool in structural dynamics
Nguyen, Phuong Anh. "Contrôle optimal localisé sur des structures fines pour des équations paraboliques semilinéaires et le système de Boussinesq." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30195.
Full textThomas, Benjamin. "Dynamique d’une structure complexe à non linéarités localisées sous environnement vibratoire évolutif : Application à l'isolation vibratoire d'un équipement automobile." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0106/document.
Full textThis research work regards the development of a complex structure model with non-linear viscoelastic components. The purpose of this study is to simulate the response of this structure submitted to a random vibration excitation based on a power spectral density definition (PSD). The industrial applicative case is the vibratory insulation of a automotive engine cooling module supported by elastomer mounts. A brief review of elastomers behavior depending on solicitations types enables to identify the parameters of the different investigated models. Preliminary tests have been conducted to define the range of amplitudes of excitations and evaluate the internal warming of rubbers during the full structure validation test. The experimental characterization of the suspension is based on rubbers mounts and their interfaces with the cooling module, in order to take into account in a unique model all nonlinearities due to the viscoelastic behavior, the slidings, and the friction. Measured force-deflection hysteretic cycles in axial and radial direction are post-processed with an expert system developed to obtain the parameters of the retained model: the modified Dahl’s model, generalized to viscoleastic aspect. This process has been developed with Octave/Matlab code. Interpolation and extrapolation methods enable to obtain a good model response on the global operating range. These methods have been coded in an Abaqus UserSubroutine. Imposing random vibration excitation of a non linear mechanical system based on PSD imposes to take into account signal processing aspects. To evaluate response levels versus norms requirements, it’s mandatory to consider the time-frequency transfer. In addition, the size and the complexity of the total finite element model of the industrial structure don’t allow a global resolution in the time domain for all the degrees of freedom. Homogenization and dynamic reduction techniques are used to evaluate the response of the system submitted to large frequency range excitations, and to analyse the behavior of the suspension
Horner, David Anthony. "Assessing the transition from localised corrosion to environmentally assisted cracking in structural materials." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503569.
Full textSakhiah, Binti Abdul Kudus. "STUDY ON DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STEEL PLATED STRUCTURES BASED ON LOCAL VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232015.
Full textJousse, Didier. "Contribution à l'étude des états localisés et du dopage du silicium amorphe hydrogéné." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10123.
Full textAbben, Khalil. "Nouvelles frontières pour le cadre Arlequin en élastodynamique HF localisées - Application à la propagation des fissures." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC058/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis work is to consolidate and make operational the extension of the multi-model and multi-scale Arlequin framework to modeling and simulation (using finite element) in elastodynamic, by making the hypothesis of localization of high frequency waves, thus taking into account various dissipative physical phenomena. Applications targeted by this work include i) ground propagation of seismic waves and their impact on critical infrastructures, ii) multi-resolution analysis of the dynamic behavior of an impacted structure or iii) the dynamic propagation of cracks.The constraints imposed on this work are twofold. The first is that one is prohibited from polluting the localized or critical areas. The second is that we also want to approach as accurately as possible the behavior of the mechanical fields in the coarsly approximated areas. A study of all dynamic Arlequin parameters is conducted. Practical recommendations are provided and supported by 1D and 2D simulations. Particular attention is paid to the volume Arlequin coupling operator (whose essential character for coupling in multi-scale dynamic problems is recalled and underlined; surface couplings being inoperative in this context). On this subject, one of the highlights of these thesis works is the development of a new reduced Arlequin coupling operator: taking advantage of a modal representation of the Lagrange multiplier fields defined in the coupling zone, a concept of (1- epsilon)-Compatibility of models (initiated in [Ben01b]) and the multi-resolution character of the overlayed primal fields, this operator makes it possible to reduce considerably the computational costs of the multiscale dynamic problem discussed here (when compared to a classical coupling) while ensuring transmissions more accurately than those given by two other reduction methods, recalled and implemented in this thesis. These benefits are supported by an elastic bar test, both in static and dynamic regimes.The developed approaches are used and validated, in comparison with results of the literature, for the flagship application of this work consisting of simulating the dynamic behavior of a cracked structure in the case of a fixed crack and that of a propagative crack using enrichment by the Level-Set function à la X-Fem in the coarse model and fine finite elements near the crack tip
LEPORC, SEVERINE. "Analyse structurale d'une sequence d'adn mar (matrix attachment region) localisee en 5 du gene de l'interferon humain." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077136.
Full textYockell-Lelièvre, Hélène. "Étude des propriétés optiques (plasmons de surface localisés) en fonction de la structure de films auto-assemblés de nanoparticules d'or." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26476/26476.pdf.
Full textThis is a study of the specific optical properties of metal nanoparticles, called localized surface plasmon resonance, inside an ordered self-assembled bidimensional array designed entirely by chemical synthesis. Knowing that the near-field dipolar plasmon coupling phenomena between two neighbouring particles takes the shape of a strong aborption band in the visible which frequency shifts exponentially as a function of the inter-particle gap, we propose here a study of the independent influence of structural parameters such as the particles' diameter and inter-particle gap over the spectrum of the array. We therefore developped a method for the synthesis of polystyrene-capped gold nanoparticles allowing us to control both the size and the length of the polystyrene chains, independently. These particles re-disperse in most organic solvents, and spontaneously self-organise into 2D hexagonal arrays when cast onto many solid substrates (glass, carbon, mica, silicium). This 2-step grafting procedure can be applied to metal particles of different size and shape, and generates a grafting density that is high enough so the chains adopt a «brush» conformation. The mean distance between the particles inside the array varies with the molecular weigth of the grafted polymer chains. The optical properties of the glass-deposited films were then analysed using a specific spectroscopic setup based on the use of an optical waveguide as the detector (optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, OWLS). This setup made it possible to isolate the contributions from both dipolar coupled plasmon modes, namely the longitudinal and the transverse mode. Using discrete dipole approximation (DDA) simulations, it was observed that the longitudinal mode is responsible for the red shift of the plasmon peak with decreasing relative inter-particle gap. The evolution of that red-shift take the shape of an exponential decay with two distinct rates, the decay constant being significantly higher when the relative interparticle gap reached 1.25. The experimental value of the decay constant obtained from the synthesised films, in which the interparticle gap is always above 1.25, is close to the calculated value over that range. The OWLS setup was also used to study the 2D self-assembly mechanism of solvated alcanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles samples as the solvant evaporates when a drop is deposited onto a solid surface. We monitored the time-resolved progressive shift of the plasmon peak during the evaporation process with a resolution of 0.2 s. A direct relationship was established between the plasmon wavelength and the inter-particle distance using DDA-calculated data, and it was possible to correlate the change in the mean distance between the particles inside the sample during the evaporation process. This shed some light on the self-organisation dynamics, explaining structural differences observed by microscopy on samples coated with alkyl chains of different lengths.
BELKHIR, MOHAMED AKLI HUGEL JOSEF. "STRUCTURE DE BANDES A SPIN POLARISE PAR LA METHODE DES FONCTIONS LOCALISEES : APPLICATION A MNO ET NIO /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1988/Belkhir.Mohamed_Akli.SMZ8812.pdf.
Full textLongchamps, Louis. "Structure spatiale des populations de mauvaises herbes dans les champs de maïs et mesure du potentiel pour le désherbage localisé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28752/28752.pdf.
Full textKerber, Thierry. "Réponse à un impact localisé d'une structure coque composite multicouche rotationnelle : études théoriques et mise au point de méthodes numériques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0383.
Full textKaddour, Darine. "Conception et Réalisation de filtres RF passe-bas à structures périodiques et filtres Ultra Large Bande, semi-localisés en technologie planaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267881.
Full textPouthier, Vincent. "Influence des defauts sur les proprietes dynamiques de structures bidimensionnelles adsorbees : phonons confines et vibrons localises." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2009.
Full textOdent, Vincent. "Localisation spatiale de la lumière dans des systèmes à cristaux liquides." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802767.
Full textAMINE, MOHAMMED. "Strategies d'identification et niveaux de representation. Les structures a montee en arabe et la localite syntaxique." Paris 8, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA080508.
Full textThis work operates in the generative grammer framework. The purpose of this study is to account for a range of variation in identification strategies that hold in s-structure and in logical form. This concerns interrogative, relative, and passive constructions in arabic. It was shown that a pronominal empty category in interrogatives must be identified by the antecedant government. This phenomenon is due to the fact that : (1) the wh element is intrinsectly an operator. (2) in s-structure, syntaxic locality is constrained by minimality condition, which is not the case in logical form
Von, Bandel Sylvie. "Traitement thermique rapide et localisé de trempe et de cémentation des aciers par bombardement électronique : étude structurale et analytique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD558.
Full textOzyurt, Emre. "Behaviour of welded tubular structures in fire." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/behaviour-of-welded-tubular-structures-in-fire(15601ab3-8f6c-4e64-ba1a-6201e66e9e16).html.
Full textBassani, Indaiá de Santana. "Uma abordagem localista para morfologia e estrutura argumental dos verbos complexos (parassintéticos) do português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19022014-104851/.
Full textThe empirical object of this dissertation is a subgroup of complex verbs of Brazilian Portuguese. The dataset is composed by synchronically and compositional formations containing the prefixes a-, eN- e eS- and the suffixes -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej- and originally complex formations which are dubious in relation to its synchronic complexity. The corpus contains 380 verbs selected from a dictionary and organized by frequency criteria. The general descriptive goal encompasses topics on properties and behavior of affixes, roots and theme vowels and the discussion is guided by the levels of morphological, morphophonological, argument and event structure. The general theoretical goal of this dissertation is to discuss Lexical Semantics, Lexical Syntax and Distributed Morphology proposals. As empirical results, the study offers a primary classification in terms of partially and totally transparent verbs. Partially transparent verbs are treated as resulting from a historical reanalysis process compared to the well known process of disappearance of preverbs. It is assumed that there is a continuum from forms which are: 1) completely fossilized; 2) reanalyzed as simple; 3) forms in process of change; 4) completely compositional and transparent. A secondary classification refers to compositional and noncompositional formations. Non-compositional data are structurally analyzed by means of a new reading on the literature on locality restriction on the interpretation of roots and the use of the notion of root polysemy. Completely compositional and transparent verbs are empirically classified into change of state, change of location, change of abstract and concrete possession, reconfiguration and verbs of modification of v. The strongest characteristic of this subclass is the obligatory presence of an internal argument interpreted as an affected object (theme or experiencer, to a less extent) of the change denoted by the event. The investigation points out that the prefix may be considered as the phonological realization of a head with a mixed lexical functional nature, which is responsible for introducing the internal argument in the structure and relating it to the root semantics. This head has at least the feature [+r] and, in a few cases, it may present directional information [+dir]. Considering this, the assumption that these prefixes are directional morphemes is debunked since this kind of information within a complex verb is residual and decayed. In general, prefixes behave as allomorphs and there are not strong evidences of an exclusive association of a prefix and a certain kind of argument structure or semantic class. The suffixes are analyzed as realizations of three functional heads: v[+voice], v[-voice] and v[+voice, -telic] and it is observed that suffix occurrence in event type is not systematic as previous literature claims. The theory of allomorphy proposed in Embick (2010), which is based on locality and linearity, was efficient in accounting for selection of allomorphs of R, v and Th heads. Finally, semantic type shows influence on verb type but this information can be viii manipulated in order to derive structural or metonymical coercion. The main conclusion to be drawn from the results is the fact that Brazilian Portuguese verbal morphology may reveal certain tendencies in argument and event structure, but it does not reflect sufficiently regular or consistent correlations.