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Journal articles on the topic 'Structure localisée'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Sarry, F., P. Courtaud, and U. Cabezuelo. "La sépulture multiple laténienne du site de Gondole (Le Cendre, Puy-de-Dôme)." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 28, no. 1-2 (March 21, 2016): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0151-z.

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La sépulture multiple du site de Gondole, découverte en 2002, est localisée sur la commune du Cendre, dans le Puy-de-Dôme, en Auvergne. Datée de la Tène D2, elle s'inscrit pleinement dans le contexte de la guerre des Gaules. Située au cœur du lieu de pouvoir arverne constitué par les oppidums de Corent, Gergovie et Gondole, la structure réunit huit chevaux dans sa partie ouest et huit hommes dans sa partie est. Il s'agit de sept adultes (dont un jeune adulte) et d'un sujet immature. Parmi les adultes, quatre hommes sont identifiés avec certitude. Les données biologiques fournissent des indices en faveur d'une unité cohérente et rend compte de nombreux traumatismes. L'ambiguïté du contexte de découverte de cette sépulture fait de cette pratique « en marge du funéraire et du religieux », le témoin d'un événement unique que nous ne pouvons totalement appréhender.

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Chatonnet, Pascal, Jean-Noël Boidron, and Denis Dubourdieu. "Nature et évolution de la microflore du bois de chêne au cours de son séchage et de son vieillissement a l'air libre." OENO One 28, no. 3 (September 30, 1994): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1994.28.3.1139.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Pendant le séchage naturel et le vieillissement à l'air libre du bois de chêne débité en merrain, on assiste à l'envahissement progressif du bois par différents micro-organismes. On a identifié dans ce travail 19 genres et 27 espèces de champignons, 2 genres et au moins 4 espèces de bactéries. La très grande majorité des micro-organismes est localisée dans les couches superficielles du bois. Seuls certains champignons sont retrouvés au coeur du merrain ayant vieilli 5 ans et plus sur parc. La déshydratation rapide du bois semble limiter le développement et l'envahissement en profondeur par les moisissures. Un champignon basidiomycète à arthroconidies, non formellement identifié, qui produit une pourriture blanche, a été isolé dans des merrains stockés 10 ans à l'air libre. Excepté ce champignon particulier, qui grâce à un équipement enzymatique adapté est susceptible d'attaquer simultanément tous les constituants pariétaux, les autres micro-organismes identifiés sont essentiellement cellulolytiques et ne peuvent pas altérer profondément la composition ni la structure du bois. En revanche, ils devraient pouvoir augmenter notablement la perméabilité et l'accessiblité aux liquides des couches superficielles du merrain et faciliter l'implantation ultérieure de basidiomycètes lignolytiques.</p>

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3

El-Asmi, Faten, and Mounira K. Chelbi-Alix. "Les isoformes de PML et la réponse au TGF-β." médecine/sciences 36, no. 1 (January 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019269.

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PML (promyelocytic leukemia) est la protéine organisatrice des corps nucléaires, une structure multiprotéique associée à la matrice nucléaire, impliquée dans différents processus cellulaires. Sept isoformes principales de PML, dont six nucléaires (PMLI à VI) et une cytoplasmique (PMLVII), sont générées par épissage alternatif d’un gène unique. D’une part, PML dans le cytoplasme régule positivement le signal de transduction donné par le TGF-β, en augmentant la phosphorylation des facteurs de transcription SMAD2/3 et, d’autre part, PML augmente dans le noyau l’activation de la caspase 8 et l’apoptose en réponse au TGF-β. L’absence de PML rend les cellules résistantes à l’apoptose induite par le TGF-β. Dans le noyau, PML est localisée majoritairement dans le nucléoplasme, une petite fraction étant cependant retrouvée dans la matrice nucléaire. Le TGF-β cible PML dans le noyau en induisant sa conjugaison à SUMO (small ubiquitin modifier), son transfert et celui de la caspase 8 vers la matrice nucléaire où les deux protéines se localisent au sein des corps nucléaires PML. Cette revue rend compte des implications de PML dans le cytoplasme et le noyau dans la réponse au TGF-β.

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Oliveira, Fernando Fernandes de. "Corporação, espaço e organização reticular: notas conceituais." Ateliê Geográfico 12, no. 2 (August 18, 2018): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v12i2.53348.

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Resumo As corporações exercem evidente papel ante a estruturação espacial no capitalismo. Tal racionalidade perpassa pela incessante busca por difusão das condições produtivas indispensáveis à reprodução dos capitais numa escala ampliada de ação. O presente ensaio busca resgatar criticamente uma abordagem de estudos econômicos e geográficos que tiveram importância no entendimento da relação entre corporação, espaço, organização em rede e dos laços político-econômicos atados junto ao aparato institucional do Estado. Mira, nessa condição, dar continuidade aos amparos teóricos que visam conferir inteligibilidade para as tramas espaciais da grande corporação, assim compreendida como objeto de apreciação da Geografia. Palavras-chave: Corporação multilocalizada, estrutura organizacional, redes, Estado. Abstract The corporations exert an apparent role regarding the spatial organization of capitalism. Such rationality passes through the unceasing search for diffusion of the productive conditions indispensable to the reproduction of capital in an extended action scale. The present paper seeks to redeem critically an approach of economic and geographic studies which had importance in the understanding of the relation among corporation, space, network organization and political-economic ties bound along with the State institutional apparatus. Aiming, in this condition, to give continuity to the theoretical support which aims at granting intelligibility for spatial plots of the great corporation, thus understood as Geography’s subject of appreciation. Keywords: Multi-local corporation, organizational structure, networks, State. Résumé Les corporations exercent un rôle évident devant la structuration spatiale au capitalisme. Telle rationalité traverse l’incessante recherche de diffusion des conditions productives indispensables à la reproduction du capital dans une échelle agrandie d’action. Le présent essai a comme objectif récupérer, de façon critique, une approche d’études économiques et géographiques qui ont joué un rôle important dans l’entendement de la relation entre la corporation, l’espace, l’organisation en réseau et les liens politico-économiques attachés à l’appareil institutionnel d’État. Il vise, sous cette condition, poursuivre les supports théoriques qui confèrent l’intelligibilité aux relations spatiales de la grande corporation, ainsi comprise comme objet d’appréciation de la Géographie. Mots clé: Corporation multi localisée, structure organisationnelle, réseaux, État.

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5

Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko, and Pekka Valkama. "The role of localism in the development of regional structures in post-war Finland." Public Policy and Administration 32, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076716658797.

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A perceived need for a wider resource base for territorial governance has initiated a new trend for regionalisation throughout the developed world. Local governments are frequently opposed to such a development. This article presents an institutional analysis of how Finland’s tradition of strong localism has affected the forms, processes, and results of regionalisation. We argue that path dependence in the form of localist influence from the mid-1990s until the mid-2010s led to an incremental development of regional structures. However, circumstances changed in 2015 due to a historical decision by the centre-right government to establish a new tier of elected regional government. This was due to the diminished credibility of localism given the realities of contextual pressures and the government’s attempts to improve efficiency and competitiveness. Eventually, this turn will radically undermine the role of local government as a stronghold of representative localism.

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6

Maguire, H. G., M. Kamo, H. P. Lang, and H. J. Güntherodt. "Localised structure of homoepitaxial diamond." Ultramicroscopy 42-44 (July 1992): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(92)90343-i.

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7

Wesson, J. A. "Snakes [JET resonant localised structures]." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 37, no. 11A (November 1, 1995): A337—A346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/37/11a/024.

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8

Schleich, J. B., and J. Mathieu. "Metallic structure subjected to localised fire." Revue de Métallurgie 86, no. 5 (May 1989): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/198986050429.

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9

Dugas, Clermont. "Évolution du monde rural québécois." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 28, no. 73-74 (April 12, 2005): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021654ar.

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Cet article a pour objets la description de certains aspects de la réalité socio-économique du monde rural des années quatre-vingt et l'appréciation des changements ayant affecté la structure du peuplement depuis le début du siècle. Comme espace rural, on a retenu toutes les localités de 3000 habitants et moins regroupées selon quatre strates de taille. La stratification dimensionnelle a permis de mieux saisir l'hétérogénéité du monde rural et d'évaluer certains effets de taille. Les variables retenues sont l'évolution de la population et des localités de 1911 à 1981, l'évolution des superficies en culture entre 1951 et 1981, les structures d'âge de 1971 et 1981 et les activités économiques de 1981. Parmi les principales conclusions qui se dégagent de cette étude, on peut mentionner le fait que le nombre des petites localités a sans cesse évolué et que la population qui les habite est plus nombreuse aujourd'hui qu'au début du siècle. Il y eut une profonde transition occupationnelle si bien que l'agriculture est complètement absente dans plus de 500 localités de toute taille et qu'elle n'occupe qu'une faible proportion de la main-d'oeuvre active dans les autres. La taille démographique des localités exerce certains effets sur la structure d'âge et la structure occupationnelle.

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10

Garstecki, Andrzej, Anna Knitter-Piatkowska, Zbigniew Pozorski, and Krzysztof Ziopaja. "DAMAGE DETECTION USING PARAMETER DEPENDENT DYNAMIC EXPERIMENTS AND WAVELET TRANSFORMATION." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2004): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2004.9636306.

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The paper deals with a class of problems, where localised damage is detected using static and dynamic tests. Response of a structure is analysed employing discrete wavelet transformation as a tool for signal processing. The localised damage in beam structures was modelled as bending stiffness reduction. The efficiency of static and dynamic tests is studied. The minimal number of experimental measurement data and the precision of measurements required for the successful damage localisation is discussed by several numerical examples.

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11

Residori, S., T. Nagaya, and A. Petrossian. "Optical localised structures and their dynamics." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 63, no. 4 (August 2003): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2003-00558-3.

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12

Sekimoto, Atsushi, and Javier Jiménez. "Vertically localised equilibrium solutions in large-eddy simulations of homogeneous shear flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 827 (August 18, 2017): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.450.

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Unstable equilibrium solutions in a homogeneous shear flow with sinuous (streamwise-shift-reflection and spanwise-shift-rotation) symmetry are numerically found in large-eddy simulations (LES) with no kinetic viscosity. The small-scale properties are determined by the mixing length scale $l_{S}$ used to define eddy viscosity, and the large-scale motion is induced by the mean shear at the integral scale, which is limited by the spanwise box dimension $L_{z}$. The fraction $R_{S}=L_{z}/l_{S}$, which plays the role of a Reynolds number, is used as a numerical continuation parameter. It is shown that equilibrium solutions appear by a saddle-node bifurcation as $R_{S}$ increases, and that the flow structures resemble those in plane Couette flow with the same sinuous symmetry. The vortical structures of both lower- and upper-branch solutions become spontaneously localised in the vertical direction. The lower-branch solution is an edge state at low $R_{S}$, and takes the form of a thin critical layer as $R_{S}$ increases, as in the asymptotic theory of generic shear flow at high Reynolds numbers. On the other hand, the upper-branch solutions are characterised by a tall velocity streak with multiscale multiple vortical structures. At the higher end of $R_{S}$, an incipient multiscale structure is found. The LES turbulence occasionally visits vertically localised states whose vortical structure resembles the present vertically localised LES equilibria.

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13

Hoffmann, Roland F., Yuri M. Moshkin, Stijn Mouton, Nicola A. Grzeschik, Ruby D. Kalicharan, Jeroen Kuipers, Anouk H. G. Wolters, et al. "Guanine quadruplex structures localize to heterochromatin." Nucleic Acids Research 44, no. 1 (September 17, 2015): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv900.

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14

Hoffmann, Roland F., Yuri M. Moshkin, Stijn Mouton, Nicola A. Grzeschik, Ruby D. Kalicharan, Jeroen Kuipers, Anouk H. G. Wolters, et al. "Guanine quadruplex structures localize to heterochromatin." Nucleic Acids Research 45, no. 10 (April 25, 2017): 6253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx301.

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15

Coulibaly, S., C. Durniak, and M. Taki. "Structures spatiales localisées dans un oscillateur paramétrique optique (OPO)." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 119 (November 2004): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004119038.

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16

Liao, Feiyu, and Zhaohui Huang. "Modelling localised fracture of reinforced concrete structures." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics 169, no. 2 (June 2016): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jencm.15.00008.

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17

Mishuris, Gennady S., Alexander B. Movchan, and Leonid I. Slepyan. "Localised knife waves in a structured interface." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 57, no. 12 (December 2009): 1958–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2009.08.004.

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18

Fowler, Patrick W. "Localised models and leapfrog structures of fullerenes." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, no. 2 (1992): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p29920000145.

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19

Al Saadi, Fahad, Annette Worthy, John Regan Pillai, and Ahmed Msmali. "Localised structures in a virus-host model." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 499, no. 1 (July 2021): 125014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125014.

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20

Manser, Marta B., and Lindsay B. Fletcher. "Vocalize to localize." Interaction Studies 5, no. 3 (April 18, 2005): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.5.3.02man.

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In this study of the functionally referential alarm calls in the meerkats (Suricata suricatta), we tested the hypothesis that the ability to refer to a specific location was an important factor in the evolution of discrete vocalizations. We investigated what information receivers gained about the location of the predator from alarm calls with high stimulus specificity compared to alarm calls with low stimulus specificity. Furthermore, we studied whether visual cues about the localization of the predator may be available from the posture of the caller. We described the general behaviour of the caller, the caller’s posture, and in particular its gaze direction. We then observed receivers responding to the different call types, to determine whether the acoustic structure of the calls was enough for them to respond in the appropriate way, or whether they used additional visual cues from the caller. We tested this with specific manipulation experiments, using three set ups of playback experiments: (1) no caller visible; (2) model guard with specific gaze direction; and (3) live sentinel. Natural observations and experiments confirmed that in high urgency situations the meerkats have enough information from the acoustic structure of the call to respond appropriately. When hearing low urgency calls that are less stimuli specific, meerkats used visual cues as an additional source of information in a few cases. This may indicate that functionally referential calls evolved to denote the location of the predator, rather than the predator type or its velocity of approach. However, when discussing this result in comparison to other functionally referential calls, such as the food associated calls and recruitment calls, this localization hypothesis does not appear to apply to the functionally referential calls in general.

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Prajapat, Kanta, and Samit Ray-Chaudhuri. "Damage Detection in Railway Truss Bridges Employing Data Sensitivity under Bayesian Framework: A Numerical Investigation." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6423039.

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In general, for a structure it is quite difficult to get information about all of its modes through its dynamic response under ambient or external excitation. Therefore, it is vital to exhaustively use the available information in the acquired modal data to detect any damage in the structures. Further, in a Bayesian algorithm, it can be quite beneficial if a damage localization algorithm is first used to localize damage in the structure. In this way, the number of unknown parameters in the Bayesian algorithm can be reduced significantly and thus, the efficiency of Bayesian algorithm can be enhanced. This study exploits a mode shape and its derivative based approach to localize damage in truss type structures. For damage quantification purpose, a parameter sensitivity based prediction error variance approach in Bayesian model updating is employed, which allows extracting maximum information available in the modal data. This work employs the sensitivity based Bayesian algorithm to determine the posterior confidence in truss type railway bridges. Results of the study show that the proposed approach can efficiently detect and quantify damage in railway truss bridges.

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Samet, Ahmed, Yi Hui, Mohamed Amine Ben Souf, Olivier Bareille, Mohamed Ichchou, Tahar Fakhfakh, and Mohamed Haddar. "Experimental investigation of damage detection in plate-like structure using combined energetic approaches." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 1193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218771102.

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In this paper, an experimental investigation of damage detection in plate-like structure using energetics approaches is presented. Two energetics approaches are developed to localize the damage in structure at low-, medium-, and high-frequency range. The first one is the inverse simplified energy method, which is used for the identification of the excitation source and the detection of damage in medium and high frequencies. The second one is the curvature method, which is used for the damage detection in the low and medium frequencies. The main novelty of this paper is to combine these energetics approaches in order to localize the damage in all frequency bands. Experimental examples with different characteristics of plate were performed for the validation purpose. Results show that the presented methods can detect precisely the defects location in plate-like structures.

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23

Zammert, Stefan, and Bruno Eckhardt. "Streamwise and doubly-localised periodic orbits in plane Poiseuille flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 761 (November 25, 2014): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.633.

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AbstractWe study localised exact coherent structures in plane Poiseuille flow that are relative periodic orbits. They are obtained from extended states in smaller periodically continued domains, by increasing the length to obtain streamwise localisation and then by increasing the width to achieve spanwise localisation. The states maintain the travelling wave structure of the extended states, which is then modulated by a localised envelope on larger scales. In the streamwise direction, the envelope shows exponential localisation, with different exponents on the upstream and downstream sides. The upstream exponent increases linearly with Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$, but the downstream exponent is essentially independent of $\mathit{Re}$. In the spanwise direction the decay is compatible with a power-law localisation. As the width increases the localised state undergoes further bifurcations which add additional unstable directions, so that the edge state, the relative attractor on the boundary between the laminar and turbulent motions, in the system becomes chaotic.

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Md Rahman, M., MH Sarker, and R. Md Haque. "Recurrent Pituitary Tumor and Use of Minidoppler to Avoid Carotid Artery Injury." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1200.

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Study objective: To learn how to avoid injury to the carotid artery during recurrent pituitary surgery. Design: Through transsphenoidal endonasal approach the steps of surgery with avoidance of complications were described in the video particularly the use of Minidoppler was to localise the carotids. Setting: Comfort Nursing Home, a private hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Subject/Audience: Neurosurgeons/Residents. Intervention: Demonstration of transsphenoidal endonasal approach for recurrent pituitary tumor and use of Minidoppler to avoid carotid artery injury. Results: Avoidance of complications like intraoperative accidental injury to carotids where symptomatic tumor is small and inter carotid distance is less. Taking this into account, we created this video to demonstrate the important steps specifically to use Minidoppler to avoid a devastation like carotid artery injury. Conclusion: The steps of recurrent pituitary surgery through endonasal approach is well established. To evaluate the details of anatomical structures specifically the inter carotid distance prior to surgery will prevent the unwanted complications in recurrent pituitary surgery and with high resolution monitoring and use of Minidoppler, carotid arteries can be localised.

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Hewitt, Richard E., and Peter W. Duck. "Localised streak solutions for a Blasius boundary layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 849 (June 26, 2018): 885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.440.

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Streaks are a common feature of disturbed boundary-layer flows. They play a central role in transient growth mechanisms and are a building block of self-sustained structures. Most theoretical work has focused on streaks that are periodic in the spanwise direction, but in this work we consider a single spatially localised streak embedded into a Blasius boundary layer. For small streak amplitudes, we show the perturbation can be described in terms of a set of eigenmodes that correspond to an isolated streak/roll structure. These modes are new, and arise from a bi-global eigenvalue calculation; they decay algebraically downstream and may be viewed as the natural three-dimensional extension of the classical two-dimensional Libby & Fox (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 17 (3), 1963, pp. 433–449) solutions. Despite their bi-global nature, we show that a subset of these eigenmodes (including the slowest decaying) is fundamentally related to the solutions first presented by Luchini (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 327, 1996, pp. 101–116), as derived for spanwise-periodic disturbances (at small spanwise wavenumber). This surprising connection is made by an analysis of the far-field decay of the bi-global state. We also address the fully non-parallel downstream development of nonlinear streaks, confirming that the aforementioned eigenmodes are recovered as the streak/roll decays downstream. Encouraging comparisons are made with available experimental data.

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Olvera, D., and R. R. Kerswell. "Exact coherent structures in stably stratified plane Couette flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 826 (August 8, 2017): 583–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.447.

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The existence of exact coherent structures in stably stratified plane Couette flow (gravity perpendicular to the plates) is investigated over Reynolds–Richardson number ($Re$–$Ri_{b}$) space for a fluid of unit Prandtl number $(Pr=1)$ using a combination of numerical and asymptotic techniques. Two states are repeatedly discovered using edge tracking – EQ7 and EQ7-1 in the nomenclature of Gibson & Brand (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 745, 2014, pp. 25–61) – and found to connect with two-dimensional convective roll solutions when tracked to negative $Ri_{b}$ (the Rayleigh–Bénard problem with shear). Both these states and Nagata’s (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 217, 1990, pp. 519–527) original exact solution feel the presence of stable stratification when $Ri_{b}=O(Re^{-2})$ or equivalently when the Rayleigh number $Ra:=-Ri_{b}Re^{2}Pr=O(1)$. This is confirmed via a stratified extension of the vortex wave interaction theory of Hall & Sherwin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 661, 2010, pp. 178–205). If the stratification is increased further, EQ7 is found to progressively spanwise and cross-stream localise until a second regime is entered at $Ri_{b}=O(Re^{-2/3})$. This corresponds to a stratified version of the boundary region equations regime of Deguchi, Hall & Walton (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 721, 2013, pp. 58–85). Increasing the stratification further appears to lead to a third, ultimate regime where $Ri_{b}=O(1)$ in which the flow fully localises in all three directions at the minimal Kolmogorov scale which then corresponds to the Osmidov scale. Implications for the laminar–turbulent boundary in the ($Re$–$Ri_{b}$) plane are briefly discussed.

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27

Cox, K. R., and A. Mair. "From Localised Social Structures to Localities as Agents." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 23, no. 2 (February 1991): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a230197.

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28

Berry, S. T., L. Kersley, J. Moen, and W. F. Denig. "Ionospheric signatures of magnetospheric boundaries in the post-noon sector." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2000): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0074-2.

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Abstract. Spatial structures in ionospheric electron density revealed in a tomographic image have been identified with auroral forms and related to their sources in precipitating particles observed by DMSP satellites. The observations of plasma enhancements relate to discrete auroral arcs seen in the post-noon sector, identified by both red- and green-line emissions measured by a meridional scanning photometer. The features lie within a very narrow latitudinal band on L-shells where the satellite detectors observed electron precipitation classified as from the boundary plasma sheet (BPS). The harder particles are identified with an E-region structure, while further north the precipitation is softer, resulting in a localised F-layer blob and 630.0 nm emissions. A steep gradient in plasma density represent a signature in the ionosphere of the central plasma sheet (CPS)/BPS boundary. A transition to a less-structured F-layer is found on crossing the convection reversal boundary..Key words. Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; polar ionosphere)

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29

GLASNER, KARL B. "Characterising the disordered state of block copolymers: Bifurcations of localised states and self-replication dynamics." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 23, no. 2 (December 21, 2011): 315–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792511000398.

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Above the spinodal temperature for micro-phase separation in block co-polymers, asymmetric mixtures can exhibit random heterogeneous structure. This behaviour is similar to the sub-critical regime of many pattern-forming models. In particular, there is a rich set of localised patterns and associated dynamics. This paper clarifies the nature of the bifurcation diagram of localised solutions in a density functional model of A−B diblock mixtures. The existence of saddle-node bifurcations is described, which explains both the threshold for heterogeneous disordered behaviour as well the onset of pattern propagation. A procedure to generate more complex equilibria by attaching individual structures leads to an interwoven set of solution curves. This results in a global description of the bifurcation diagram from which dynamics, in particular self-replication behaviour, can be explained.

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30

Sanders, Will, and Sarah Holcombe. "Sustainable governance for small desert settlements: learning from the multi-settlement regionalism of Anmatjere Community Government Council." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07034.

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In light of some basic desert demography, this paper examines governance patterns for small desert settlements. It traces policy histories which led to the emergence of highly localised, single settlement governance arrangements during the 1970s and ’80s. It also identifies the many pushes since within the Northern Territory local government system for more regional, multi-settlement governance structures. The paper goes on to examine the history of one such regional, multi-settlement arrangement in central Australia, the Anmatjere Community Government Council established in 1993. The paper details our work with this Council over the last 4 years on ‘issues of importance or concern’ to them. The paper aims to learn from the ACGC experience in order to inform the more radical restructuring of Northern Territory local government currently underway towards larger multi-settlement regionalism. It concludes with four specific lessons, the most important of which is that regionalism must build on single settlement localism.

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31

Alexiadou, Artemis. "Some remarks on word order and information structure in Romance and Greek." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 20 (January 1, 2000): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.20.2000.81.

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This paper is a preliminary comparative study of the relation between word order and information structure in three Null Subject Languages ((NSLs) Spanish, Italian and Greek). The aim is twofold: first I seek to examine the differences and the similarities among these languages in this domain of their syntax. Secon, I investigate the possible derivations of the various patterns and attempt to localize the differences among these languages in different underlying syntactic structures.

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32

Ahart, Christian S., Jochen Blumberger, and Kevin M. Rosso. "Polaronic structure of excess electrons and holes for a series of bulk iron oxides." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 19 (2020): 10699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06482f.

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With the use of a gap-optimized hybrid functional and large supercells, it is found that while the electron hole polaron generally localises onto a single iron site, the electron polaron localises across two iron sites of the same spin layer.

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33

Broughton, R., I. Coope, P. Renaud, and Rachael Tappenden. "Recovery of localised structure from signals with non-sparse components." ANZIAM Journal 52 (August 3, 2011): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v52i0.3911.

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34

Cook, M., and C. T. White. "Molecular electronic structure theory in the study of localised defects." Semiconductor Science and Technology 4, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 1012–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/4/12/006.

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35

Makhankov, V. G., Yu P. Rybakov, and Valerii I. Sanyuk. "Localised nontopological structures: construction of solutions and stability problems." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 164, no. 2 (1994): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0164.199402a.0121.

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36

Makhankov, V. G., Yu P. Rybakov, and Valerii I. Sanyuk. "Localised nontopological structures: construction of solutions and stability problems." Physics-Uspekhi 37, no. 2 (February 28, 1994): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1994v037n02abeh000006.

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37

Westermanna, Georg, and Holger Schaeferb. "Localised Technological Progress And Intra-Sectoral Structures Of Employment." Economics of Innovation and New Technology 10, no. 1 (January 2001): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10438590100000002.

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38

Van Mulders, A., L. Vanbeylen, and J. Schoukens. "Identification of a Block-Structured Model with Localised Nonlinearity." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 16 (July 2012): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120711-3-be-2027.00280.

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39

Carstea, A. S., D. Grecu, and A. Visinescu. "Localised and nonlocalised structures in nonlinear lattices with fermions." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 67, no. 4 (August 2004): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2004-10088-6.

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40

da Silva, L. A. P. S., and J. M. C. Santos. "Localised formulations for thick "sandwich" laminated and composite structures." Computational Mechanics 22, no. 3 (September 8, 1998): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050355.

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41

Clarke, Sam, Andrew Barr, Jim Warren, and Angus Williams. "Local variations in gabion structures." International Journal of Protective Structures 9, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618766153.

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Gabion structures are widely used for force protection as they enable locally available material to be used, reducing logistical expense. The soil fill within these structures provides the blast and ballistic resistance; hence, any localised variation in the contained soil can potentially lead to reductions in protective capability. Specifically, built gabion structures were monitored in internal and external environments to assess the variation of soil moisture content and density over a full year and with changing weather conditions. The gabions were filled with fine sand according to manufacturer’s instructions. Internal and external moisture content readings were recorded at regular intervals, and a continuously monitoring weather station was installed to collect comparative data. LIDAR scanning was used to record the shape and volume of the gabions to estimate variations in the density of the soil fill. The data indicate that moisture content can vary by over 20% between the top and base of the gabion, and by over 5% from face to face and between readings depending on recent weather conditions, while the core of the gabions remains relatively unaffected. This leads to localised variations in density which can impact on both the ballistic performance and blast resistance of the structure.

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42

Cox, Catherine M., and Stephen M. Swain. "Localised and non-localised promotion of fruit development by seeds in Arabidopsis." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp05136.

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In Arabidopsis, as in the majority of flowering plants, developing seeds promote fruit growth. One method to investigate this interaction is to use plants with reduced seed set and determine the effect on fruit growth. Plants homozygous for a transgene designed to ectopically express a gene encoding a gibberellin-deactivating enzyme exhibit reduced pollen tube elongation, suggesting that the plant hormone gibberellin is required for this process. Reduced pollen tube growth causes reduced seed set and decreased silique (fruit) size, and this genotype is used to explore the relationship between seed set and fruit elongation. A detailed analysis of seed set in the transgenic line reveals that reduced pollen tube growth decreases the probability of each ovule being fertilised. This effect becomes progressively more severe as the distance between the stigma and the ovule increases, revealing the complex biology underlying seed fertilisation. In terms of seed-promoted fruit growth, major localised and minor non-localised components that contribute to final silique length can be identified. This result demonstrates that despite the relatively small size of the fruit and associated structures, Arabidopsis can be used as a model to investigate fundamental questions in fruit physiology.

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Imbalzano, Gabriele, Phuong Tran, Tuan D. Ngo, and Peter VS Lee. "Three-dimensional modelling of auxetic sandwich panels for localised impact resistance." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 19, no. 3 (December 2, 2015): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636215618539.

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Sandwich panels with auxetic lattice cores confined between metallic facets are proposed for localised impact resistance applications. Their performance under localised impact is numerically studied, considering the rate-dependent effects. The behaviour of the composite structure material at high strain rates is modelled with the Johnson-Cook model. Parametric analyses are conducted to assess the performance of different designs of the hybrid composite structures. The results are compared with monolithic panels of equivalent areal mass and material in terms of deformations and plastic energy dissipation. Design parameters considered for the parametric analyses include the auxetic unit cell effective Poisson’s ratio, thickness of the facet, material properties and radius of the unit cell’s struts. Significant reduction in computational time is achieved by modelling a quarter of the panel, with shell elements for facets and beam elements for the auxetic core. With projectile impacts up to 200 m/s, the auxetic composite panels are found to be able to absorb a similar amount of energy through plastic deformation, while the maximum back facet displacements are reduced up to 56% due to localised densification and plastic deformation of the auxetic core.

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SILVA, R. L., L. M. TRAUTWEIN, C. S. BARBOSA, L. C. ALMEIDA, and G. H. SIQUEIRA. "Empirical method for structural damage location using dynamic analysis." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 13, no. 1 (February 2020): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952020000100003.

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Abstract This paper presents the use of numerical model techniques for identification and damage location adopting the Modal Curvature Difference (MCD) method as reference for the analysis of a simply supported concrete structure. Then, an empirical formulation to detect damages in this structure is proposed. In this method, called Acceleration Summation Difference (ASD), the difference of acceleration amplitude between intact and damaged structures are calculated for concrete plates simply supported on rubber bearings. During the analyses, the finite element models were developed using SAP2000® software. The results obtained depicted that it is possible to determine the approximate position of one or more damages in the structure, with some restrictions, and the proposed ASD method presented good correlation to localize the position of single or multiple damages.

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Somma, Maria Patrizia, Evgeniya N. Andreyeva, Gera A. Pavlova, Claudia Pellacani, Elisabetta Bucciarelli, Julia V. Popova, Silvia Bonaccorsi, Alexey V. Pindyurin, and Maurizio Gatti. "Moonlighting in Mitosis: Analysis of the Mitotic Functions of Transcription and Splicing Factors." Cells 9, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061554.

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Moonlighting proteins can perform one or more additional functions besides their primary role. It has been posited that a protein can acquire a moonlighting function through a gradual evolutionary process, which is favored when the primary and secondary functions are exerted in different cellular compartments. Transcription factors (TFs) and splicing factors (SFs) control processes that occur in interphase nuclei and are strongly reduced during cell division, and are therefore in a favorable situation to evolve moonlighting mitotic functions. However, recently published moonlighting protein databases, which comprise almost 400 proteins, do not include TFs and SFs with secondary mitotic functions. We searched the literature and found several TFs and SFs with bona fide moonlighting mitotic functions, namely they localize to specific mitotic structure(s), interact with proteins enriched in the same structure(s), and are required for proper morphology and functioning of the structure(s). In addition, we describe TFs and SFs that localize to mitotic structures but cannot be classified as moonlighting proteins due to insufficient data on their biochemical interactions and mitotic roles. Nevertheless, we hypothesize that most TFs and SFs with specific mitotic localizations have either minor or redundant moonlighting functions, or are evolving towards the acquisition of these functions.

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46

Briffault, Richard. "Our Localism: Part I--The Structure of Local Government Law." Columbia Law Review 90, no. 1 (January 1990): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1122837.

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47

Le Berre, M., E. Ressayre, A. Tallet, M. Tlidi, P. Mandel, and L. Di Menza. "Cinétique de la formation de structures localisées dans un oscillateur paramétrique optique." Le Journal de Physique IV 10, PR8 (May 2000): Pr8–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2000873.

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48

Vangelatos, Z., K. Komvopoulos, and CP Grigoropoulos. "Vacancies for controlling the behavior of microstructured three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286518810739.

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Mechanical metamaterials are designed to exhibit enhanced properties not found in natural materials or to bolster the properties of existing materials. The theoretical foundations for tuning the mechanical properties have been established, including topological states, controllable buckling behavior, and quasi-two-dimensional mechanical metamaterials with structures containing vacancies. However, the fabrication and experimental procedures to study these structures at the microscale have not been developed yet and the three-dimensional (3D) architectures examined to date are fairly limited. In this study, 3D mechanical metamaterial structures with select unit cells designed to have vacancies were fabricated by multi-photon lithography, having as the principal objective to control (localize) failure and increase the strain energy capacity of the structure. The metamaterial structure from which all the current designs originate is the octet-truss structure, one of the most widely studied 3D metamaterials. The design of the structures was inspired by the role of vacancies in crystal lattices. Vacancies were introduced in the metamaterial structures to allow localized buckling of lattice members to occur in specific unit cells. The significant increase of the strain energy dissipated in these metamaterials is demonstrated by nanoindentation experiments and finite element results. Vacancy effects on the dynamic response of metamaterial structures are also examined in the light of modal analysis simulations. The findings of this study illustrate the importance of strategically placing vacancies in the microlattices of metamaterial structures to control the overall mechanical behavior and greatly increase strain energy dissipation.

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Rodney, J. T., and E. R. Johnson. "Localised continental shelf waves: geometric effects and resonant forcing." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 785 (November 11, 2015): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.588.

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Alongshore variations in coastline curvature or offshore depth profile can create localised regions of shelf-wave propagation with modes decaying outside these regions. These modes, termed localised continental shelf waves ($\ell$CSWs) here, exist only at certain discrete frequencies lying below the local maximum frequency, and above the far-field maximum frequency, for propagating shelf waves. The purpose of this paper is to obtain these frequencies and construct, both analytically and numerically, and discuss $\ell$CSWs for shelves with arbitrary alongshore variations in offshore depth profile and coastline curvature. If the shelf curvature changes by a small fraction of its value over the shelf section of interest or an alongshore perturbation in offshore depth profile varies slowly over the same length scale then $\ell$CSWs can be constructed using WKBJ theory. Two subcases are described: (i) if the propagating region is sufficiently long that the offshore structure of the $\ell$CSW varies appreciably alongshore then the frequency and alongshore structure are found from a sequence of local problems; (ii) if the propagating region is sufficiently short that the alongshore change in offshore structure of the $\ell$CSW is small then the alongshore modal structure is given in an explicit, uniformly valid form. A separate asymptotic theory is required for curvature perturbations to shelves that are otherwise straight rather than curved. Comparison with highly accurately numerically determined $\ell$CSWs shows that both theories are extremely accurate, with the WKBJ theory having a significantly wider range of applicability. An idealised model for the generation of $\ell$CSWs is also suggested. A localised time-periodic wind stress generates an evanescent continental shelf wave in the far field of a localised mode where the coast is almost straight and the response on the shelf is obtained numerically. If the forcing frequency is close to that of an $\ell$CSW then the wind stress excites energetic motions in the region of maximum curvature, creating a significant localised response possibly far from the forcing region.

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Rayson, M. J., and P. R. Briddon. "Rapid iterative method for electronic-structure eigenproblems using localised basis functions." Computer Physics Communications 178, no. 2 (January 2008): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2007.08.007.

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