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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Structure of developed countries

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Academic literature on the topic 'Structure of developed countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Structure of developed countries"

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Musílek, Petr. "The Structure of Household Financial Assets in Developed Countries." Český finanční a účetní časopis 2015, no. 2 (2015): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.441.

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Rauch, James E., and Peter B. Evans. "Bureaucratic structure and bureaucratic performance in less developed countries." Journal of Public Economics 75, no. 1 (2000): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2727(99)00044-4.

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Pison, Gilles, and Agata V. D'Addato. "Frequency of Twin Births in Developed Countries." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 2 (2006): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.2.250.

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AbstractTwinning rates in developed countries have recently registered an increase. At the end of the 1970s, the change in mother's age structure has partially contributed to the growth in the proportion of multiple births. In fact, the evolution of twinning rates is related to the calendar of maternity since, comparatively to younger mothers, older women more frequently have twins. Moreover, the growing frequency of multiple births also depends on fertility treatments, which are largely used in the developed countries. National data from the civil birth registration systems are taken into account in order to describe, in a comparative study, the main trends of twinning rates in the 20th century.

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Bobokeldieva, Maftuna Abdusamad qizi, Ilxomjon Obod o'g'li Ergashov, and Maqsud G'ayrat o'g'li Sultonboyev. "ANALYSIS OF TAX SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (2025): 494–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14899226.

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It is critical for developing countries to evaluate large nation's tax regimes. This article examines the historical development of tax systems in the United States and other industrialized nations, as well as their earlier failures, key lessons, and the effects of their policies on various scales of economic activities. The essential objectives of this study are to identify components of tax laws in different times and geographic regions of the US, as well as to evaluate their effect on financial stability. The discoveries demonstrate that tax policy impacts a country's economic strength and financial growth. The paper concludes with proposals for fostering a tax structure that is both proficient and sustainable, which can assist governments in achieving economic stability. 

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Cutright, Phillips, and Robert M. Fernquist. "The Age Structure of Female Suicide Rates: Measurement and Analysis of 20 Developed Countries, 1955–1994." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 47, no. 2 (2003): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yr5v-bkgv-x3rh-kben.

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Although age-specific female suicide rates have been available for over a century, sociologists have focused on comparing the levels of the rates across age groups, and in studying change overtime. Girard's (1993) article is the first systematic effort to compare the age structure of female suicide rates among national populations. From his study of 1976–1980 suicide rates in 49 less developed and more developed populations, Girard concluded that the age structure of female suicide rates was a function of the level of economic development. Our partial test of this theory found that the age structure of female suicide in mid-19th-century European populations was not at all like the structures of less developed countries in 1976–80. We also replaced Girard's qualitative typology with the index of dissimilarity, allowing quantitative assessment of differences between the age structure of suicide in the United States and the other 19 countries in this study. Age structures in 14 countries were significantly different from the U.S. structure. Tests for significant changes in age structures from 1955–64 to 1985–94 found 17 of the 20 populations had significant change in this period, with younger persons tending to increase their share, while persons 45 to 74 were losing their share.

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Vítek, Leoš. "Changes in the taxation of personal and corporate income in developed countries." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 2 (2012): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020465.

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Over the past ten years, the tax policies have responded in two stages: for the period of a swift economic growth by 2008, and during the rapid economic recession over the period of 2009–2010. In the first part of the paper, we summarise changes in the businesses environment in developed countries. In its second part, the paper discuses changes of the personal and corporate taxation in developed countries, their structure and impacts of the economic crisis on the tax revenues and tax structures. The last part analyses and discusses changes in the tax policy in the field of business and labour taxation. Our results show that the business taxation, compared to the personal taxation, depends stronger on the economic cycle. Although the structure of tax revenues in the developed countries has not changed significantly over the past ten years, decreasing of the personal and corporate tax rates has stopped.

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Thaçi, Lumnije, and Arbnora Gërxhaliu. "Tax Structure and Developing Countries." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v10i1.p220-227.

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The main source of public revenue compared to other sources are Taxes, as in developed countries and developing countries, therefore the tax system has an extraordinary role in sustainable economic development and employment growth. Also, tax policy that acts in a complementary way to monetary policy is of vital importance also due to the preservation of economic stability by limiting the level of inflation and balancing the equilibrium on the market. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the tax structure in developing countries and their comparison with developed countries. In this paper some tax theory will be discussed. It will also be shown for impractical research and their effects on economic development and the growth of social welfare. Although there is no consensus among researchers, most empirical studies show a negative link between public spending and economic growth. However, in order for the tax effects to be the highest in the economy in developing countries, the international trade tax and the VAT should be replaced rather within the country.

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Thaçi, Lumnije, and Arbnora Gërxhaliu. "Tax Structure and Developing Countries." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (2018): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0023.

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Abstract The main source of public revenue compared to other sources are Taxes, as in developed countries and developing countries, therefore the tax system has an extraordinary role in sustainable economic development and employment growth. Also, tax policy that acts in a complementary way to monetary policy is of vital importance also due to the preservation of economic stability by limiting the level of inflation and balancing the equilibrium on the market. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the tax structure in developing countries and their comparison with developed countries. In this paper some tax theory will be discussed. It will also be shown for impractical research and their effects on economic development and the growth of social welfare. Although there is no consensus among researchers, most empirical studies show a negative link between public spending and economic growth. However, in order for the tax effects to be the highest in the economy in developing countries, the international trade tax and the VAT should be replaced rather within the country.

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Yatsenko, B. P. "GEOSTRATEGIC POSITIONING ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN THE MODERN WORLD." Ukrainian geographical journal 2022, no. 2 (2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ugz2022.02.046.

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Geostrategic positioning of the state—applied substructure of political geography and geopolitics that investigate the forming of independent state’s functions and azimuths of its international relations. Present article explores the general regulations of advanced states positioning on the modern political map of the world (spatial compression of world economy, the composition of states’ geopolitical “powers,” structure and dynamics of “World Order” systems, and so on). Simultaneously, on the example of the USA and Japan, are demonstrating that any country’s icon and its position on the geospacer and time quite unique and depend on combinations of different factors on national and global levels.

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Safaei, Mehdi. "Investigating the Structure of Strategies in Developed Countries to Expand Entrepreneurship and Technology A Case Study: “US Singularity University”." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no. 3 (2020): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i3/20201225.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Structure of developed countries"

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Zhang, Ronghui. "Ownership, property rights structure and economic performance in developed and transitional countries." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988919591/04.

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Bakkar, Yassine. "Systemic risk, bank charter value, capital structure and international complexity : evidence from developed countries." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0002/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de prendre part à la réflexion sur le risque systémique et ses conséquences négatives sur l’économie réelle, et au débat sur la mise en place d’une règlementation macro-prudentielle (effets systémiques) efficace pour l’industrie bancaire en visant la stabilité financière. Pour cela, ce travail contribue à la littérature existante à travers plusieurs aspects. Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, sur un échantillon de banques de l’OCDE, nous étudions la manière dont la valeur de la franchise affecte le risque bancaire avant, pendant et après la crise financière mondiale de 2007–2008, en utilisant des mesures de risque individuelles et systémiques. Nous réétudions l’hypothèse de la valeur de la franchise bancaire et son rôle disciplinant au regard de la prise de risque et de l’expansion au risque systémique avant, pendant et après la crise financière. Nous montrons qu’avant la crise, la valeur de la franchise bancaire impacte positivement la prise de risque et le risque systémique non seulement des très grandes banques dites “too-big-too-fail” mais aussi des grandes banques européennes et américaines. Cependant, nos résultats montrent que pendant et après la crise, cet effet s’inverse. En considérant la période d’avant crise, nous allons plus loin dans nos investigations sur la relation entre la valeur de la franchise d’une part et la prise de risque et l’exposition au risque systémique d’autre part, en prenant en compte les effets des différences entre les cultures de prise de risque, la taille des banques et les stratégies bancaires. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la dynamique de la structure du capital des banques en fonction de leur niveau de capital interne ciblé et/ou externe imposé. Plus précisément, il examine plusieurs caractéristiques. (i) si les frictions du marché et les coûts d’ajustement du capital sont plus considérables lorsqu’il s’agit d’ajuster les ratios de fonds propres réglementaires par rapport à un ratio de levier simple. (ii) les mécanismes d’ajustement utilisés par les banques pour ajuster leur ratio de capital. (iii) comment la vitesse d’ajustement et les mécanismes d’ajustement diffèrent entre les grandes banques systémiques et complexes d’une part, et les banques moins systémiques d’autre part. Les résultats suggèrent que les banques sont plus flexibles et plus rapides dans l’ajustement de leur ratio de levier que dans l’ajustement de leurs ratios de capital réglementaire. Tandis que les banques d’importance systémique (SIFI) sont moins réactives que les autres banques dans l’ajustement de leur ratio de levier cible, elles sont néanmoins plus rapides à atteindre leurs ratios réglementaires cibles. D’autres investigations montrent que les SIFIs pourraient être plus réticentes à modifier leur base de capital en émettant ou en rachetant des actions et préfèrent une réduction plus importante ou une expansion plus rapide de leur taille. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous analysons comment la structure organisationnelle internationale et l’expansion géographique de 105 banques européennes cotées qui ont des filiales à travers le monde, pourrait affecter leur importance systémique au cours de la période 2005–2013. Nous examinons également comment le pic de la crise financière mondiale de 2008–2009 et l’ampleur de la crise de la dette souveraine européenne de 2010–2011 pourraient avoir affecté ces relations. Nous montrons que l’internationalisation et la complexité organisationnelle sont des facteurs importants du risque systémique bancaire, en particulier pendant les années de stress financier 2008–2013<br>The aim of this thesis is to contribute on the current debate on the systemic risk and its policy implications for the implementation of new (systemic risk-based) capital requirements in the banking industry. We extend the existing literature in many aspects. In the first chapter, we investigate how bank charter value affects risk for a sample of OECD banks by using standalone and systemic risk measures before, during, and after the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. We revisit the self‐discipline role of charter value on bank’s risk-taking and systemic risk prior, during and after the crisis. We show that bank charter value is positively associated with risk-taking and systemic risk for very large “too-big-too-fail” banks and large U.S. and European banks prior to the crisis, but such a relationship is inverted during and after the crisis. Then, we deepen investigation on this relation between charter value and risk-taking and systemic risk prior to the crisis, regarding differences in risk taking cultures, bank size and bank strategies. The second chapter analyzes the dynamics of banks’ capital structure towards their desired and/or imposed capital level. It analyzes several interesting features. (i) whether or not market frictions and capital adjustment costs are larger for regulatory capital ratios vis-à-vis a plain leverage ratio. (ii) which adjustment channels banks use to adjust their capital ratio. (iii) how the speed of adjustment and adjustment channels differ between large, systemic and complex banks versus small banks. Findings suggest that banks are more flexible and faster in adjusting to their leverage capital ratio than to regulatory capital ratios. Whereas, systemically important banks are slower than other banks in adjusting to their target leverage ratio but quicker in reaching their target regulatory ratios. Further explores show that SIFIs might be more reluctant to change their capital base by either issuing or repurchasing equity and prefer sharper downsizing or faster expansion. In the third chapter, we analyze how the international organization structure and the geographic expansion, of 105 European listed banks that have foreign affiliates around the world, could affect bank level measures of systemic risk during the 2005–2013 period. We also investigate how the peak of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 and the height of the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010–2011 might have affected such relationships. We find that internationalization and foreign complexity are important drivers of bank systemic risk, particularly during the 2008–2013 financial stress years

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Tarhini, Ali. "The effects of individual-level culture and demographic characteristics on e-learning acceptance in Lebanon and England : a structural equation modeling approach." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11247.

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Due to the rapid growth of Internet technology, universities and higher educational institutions around the world are investing heavily in web-based learning systems to support their traditional teaching and to improve their students’ learning experience and performance. However, the success of an e-learning system depends on the understanding of certain antecedent factors that influence the students’ acceptance and usage of such e-learning systems. Previous research indicates that technology acceptance models and theories may not be applicable to all cultures as most of them have been developed in the context of developed countries and particularly in the U.S. So far little research has investigated the important role that social, cultural, organizational and individual factors may play in the use and adoption of the e-learning systems in the context of developing countries and more specifically there is almost absence of this type of research in Lebanon. This study aims to fill this gap by developing and testing an amalgamated conceptual framework based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and other models from social psychology, such as Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and TAM2 that captures the salient factors influencing the user adoption and acceptance of web-based learning systems. This framework has been applied to the study of higher educational institutions in the context of developing as well as developed countries (e.g. Lebanon and UK). Additionally, the framework investigates the moderating effect of Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions at the individual level and a set of individual differences on the key determinants that affect the behavioural intention to use e-learning. A total of 1197 questionnaires were received from students who were using web-based learning systems at higher educational institutions in Lebanon and the UK with opposite scores on cultural dimensions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to perform reliability and validity checks, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in conjunction with multi-group analysis method was used to test the hypothesized conceptual model. As hypothesized, the findings of this study revealed that perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), subjective norms (SN), perceived quality of work Life (QWL), self-efficacy (SE) and facilitating conditions (FC) to be significant determinants of behavioural intentions and usage of e-learning system for the Lebanese and British students. QWL; the newly added variable; was found the most important factor in explaining the causal process in the model for both samples. Our findings proved that there are differences between Lebanese and British students in terms of PEOU, SE, SN, QWL, FC and AU; however no differences were detected in terms of PU and BI. The results of the MGA show that cultural dimensions as well as demographic factors had a partially moderated effect on user acceptance of e-learning. Overall, the proposed model achieves acceptable fit and explains for 68% of the British sample and 57% of the Lebanese sample of its variance which is higher than that of the original TAM. Our findings suggest that individual, social, cultural and organisational factors are important to consider in explaining students’ behavioural intention and usage of e-learning environments. The findings of this research contribute to the literature by validating and supporting the applicability of our extended TAM in the Lebanese and British contexts and provide several prominent implications to both theory and practice on the individual, organizational and societal levels.

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PRAWIRA, FAJARINDRA BELGIAWAN. "Role of Attitudes and Norms for Students Car Ownership Intention." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199289.

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PRAWIRA, FAJARINDRA BELGIAWAN. "学生の自動車保有における態度や規範の役割". Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199506.

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Ardi, Romadhani [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Leisten. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Management Systems in the Developed and the Developing Countries : A Comparative Structural Study / Romadhani Ardi ; Betreuer: Rainer Leisten." Duisburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119705657/34.

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Onaran, Özlem, and Engelbert Stockhammer. "Do profits affect investment and employment? An empirical test based on the Bhaduri-Marglin model." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1534/1/document.pdf.

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In this study, a Kaleckian-Post-Keynesian macroeconomic model, which is an extended version of the Bhaduri and Marglin (1990) model, serves as the starting point. The merit of a Kaleckian model for our purposes is that it highlights the dual function of wages as a component of aggregate demand as well as a cost item as opposed to the mainstream economics, which perceive wages merely as a cost item. Depending on the relative magnitude of these two effects, Kaleckian models distinguish between profit-led and wage-led regimes, where the latter is defined as a low rate of accumulation being caused by a high profit share. Are actual economies wage-led or profit-led? Current orthodoxy implicitly assumes that they are profit-led, and thus supports the neoliberal policy agenda. The purpose of the paper is to carry this discussion into the empirical terrain, and to test whether accumulation and employment are profit-led in two groups of countries. We do so by means of a structural vector autoregression (VAR) model. The model is estimated for USA, UK and France to represent the major developed countries, and for Turkey and Korea to represent developing countries. The latter are chosen since they represent two different export-oriented growth experiences. The results of the adjustment experiences of both countries are in striking contrast to orthodox theory, however they also present counter-examples to each other in terms of their ways of integrating into the world economy. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

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Leung, Kin Hang Paul. "Tourism development in less developed countries." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2004. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/285/.

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The United Nations Research Institute of Social Development (UNIRSD) published a monograph after their workshop in Geneva 1994 on the development of Cambodia. Among the various issues the workshop revealed the pressing need for research regarding the post-conflict economic strategy, the socio-psychological effects of the war, appropriate forms of foreign aid and delivery mechanisms, and the roles and responsibilities of different types of local, national and international institutions involved in processes of rehabilitation and reconstruction. In response to this fundamental quest for knowledge, this study is designed to investigate the development of tourism in the war-tom Cambodian economy in the mist of poverty and social problems. International intervention and assistance, the role of government and the Third Sector!, and community participation are key embedded units for the study. The thesis also intended to examine the appropriateness of the approaches employed by the government and international aid in promoting tourism. Although this thesis focused on Cambodia, findings and discussions are highly relevant to other less developed countries (LDCs), especially those having a background of war and/or civil turmoil. The thesis also addresses questions related to tourism as a development agent for economic growth, social rehabilitation and political development. For example: • How can tourism serve to reactivate processes of economic growth and social development without seriously affecting the allocation of resources and current structure of the economy? • How can tourism development be activated given the contextual limitations? • Why should government intervene in the development process and how does one ensure the results will be accomplished with minimal disturbance to the social system? • What kind of new social problem(s) and/or distortions in the economy, if any, have been induced by tourism and/or the liberalization of the economy? The delimitation of the study to tourism is for practical reasons. On the one hand, it is impossible to investigate the situation in Cambodia and make meaningful recommendations without refining the scope of study. Tourism, on the other hand, is the world's largest single industry and one on which many countries have pinned their hopes. It is renowned for its ability to generate income, to attract foreign investment, to create employment and as some including the World Tourism Organization and the Pope John Paul II even argue for its capability to promote peace2. This thesis developed a tourism system model by theoretical induction making use of Cambodia as the subject of study. The ultimate vision of the study is to enhance the body of knowledge and thus to capitalize tourism as a development agent for the rehabilitation of a war-tom economy and social institutions to fight both poverty and marginalization. The findings of the study revealed the most current situation in Cambodia by applying the model of the tourism system and the model for tourism development proposed. The proposition that free-market capitalism might not work for less developed countries was tested and proved to be valid. This thesis revealed the barriers and potential of tourism as a development agent for LDC by using Cambodia as the subject for investigation. Specific recommendations were given. Although it might seem controversial given the difficulties as illustrated in the analysis, Cambodia has very limited option for development. The thesis also argued that many obstacles in the development are administrative. Once the problems were addressed, a significant increase in demand can be expected. This study attempts to provide answers to developmental questions. However, more questions and gaps in knowledge emerged in the process of the study. This study, as originally designed, is not an end in itself but a stepping-stone to further studies. To conclude, allow me to cite the words of Joan Healy, Overseas Service Bureau Australia, "to understand the meaning of this time we do well to see it through the experiences and aspirations of ordinary Cambodians. Then our questions change. We ask about ways they see to ease suffering and contribute to peace. We face the fact that we do not know so many answers.

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Jennings, Anthony. "Economic problems of least developed countries." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35499.

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The United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries (UNCLDC) held in Paris in 1981, consolidated the category of least developed countries as a major issue at the international level. The creation of the category, and the theory and practice of least development are examined, and the results of the UNCLDC are assessed. Malawi is taken as a case study, to examine its response to the Substantial New Programme of Action, agreed to at the UNCLDC, and to analyse the extent to which the international community has fulfilled its commitment to substantially improve the volume and quality of assistance. The effects and causes of the recurrent cost problem in least developed countries arc analysed, at the micro and macro levels, and proposals made to ease this constraint. Attention is given to the scope of food aid to support recurrent costs, and a set of guidelines are proposed. At the UNCLDC it was suggested that very large projects (transformational investments) should be undertaken in least developed countries. The methodology for estimating the benefits of such projects is discussed, and a case study presented of the use of project appraisal and the multiplier in Malawi. A significant increase in aid was agreed as a key international support measure at the UNCLDC. As yet there is no systematic aid evaluation process. The results of an experiment arc presented, using a qualitatively based system of evaluation, which is then assessed across sets of data with quantitative summations, to measure aid effectiveness.

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Sinha, Narveshwar. "Organisational antecedents influencing medical technology transfer from developed to less developed countries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620244.

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Books on the topic "Structure of developed countries"

1

Lin, Justin Yifu. Industrial structure, appropriate technology and economic growth in less developed countries. World Bank, 2009.

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1941-, Patel Chandra K., ed. Fiscal reforms in the least developed countries. E. Elgar, 1997.

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Baden, Sally. The impact of recession and structural adjustment on women's work in developing and developed countries. International Labour Office, 1993.

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United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Division for Industrial Studies. Statistics and Survey Unit., ed. Structural change and comparative advantage in manufacturing: An overview of recent developments in developed and developing countries. United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1986.

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United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Division for Industrial Studies. Statistics and Survey Unit, ed. Structural change and comparative advantage in manufacturing: An overview of recent developments in developed and developing countries. United Nations, 1986.

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Mouat, David A., and Charles F. Hutchinson, eds. Desertification in Developed Countries. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1635-7.

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United Nations. Conference on Trade and Development., ed. The Least developed countries. United Nations., 1990.

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Development, United Nations United Nations Conference on Trade and. The least developed countries ... report. United Nations, 1992.

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Tabeau, Ewa, Anneke van den Berg Jeths, and Christopher Heathcote, eds. Forecasting Mortality in Developed Countries. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47562-6.

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Vecchi, Alessandra, ed. Chinese Acquisitions in Developed Countries. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04251-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Structure of developed countries"

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Greenaway, David. "Evaluating the Structure of Protection in Less Developed Countries." In Economic Development and International Trade. Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19174-1_5.

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Mahtaney, Piya. "Innovation in Developing and Less Developed Countries: An Overview." In Structural Transformation. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4662-8_9.

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Mercenier, Jean, and Jean Waelbroeck. "The Impact of Protection on Developing Countries: a General Equilibrium Analysis." In Structural Adjustment in Developed Open Economies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17919-0_8.

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Sanguino, Ramón, Ascensión Barroso, and Saikat Gochhait. "Entrepreneurship in Family Firms in Developed and Developing Countries." In Entrepreneurship and Structural Change in Dynamic Territories. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76400-9_6.

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Warr, P. G. "Structural Effects of Increasing Australia’s Imports from Less Developed Countries." In Structural Change, Economic Interdependence and World Development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18840-6_14.

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Raffer, Kunibert. "‘Structural Adjustment’ or Debt Relief: The Case of Arab LLDCs." In The Least Developed and the Oil-Rich Arab Countries. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12558-6_10.

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Wetterer, Angelika, and Jürgen von Troschke. "Trends in Cigarette Consumption and the Sociodemographic Structure of the Smoking Population in Developed Industrial Countries." In Smoker Motivation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71371-2_1.

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Baltazar, Maria da Saudade, and Marcos Santos. "The Contribution of Resource Centres in Entrepreneurship for Structural Changes in Developed Countries." In Entrepreneurship and Structural Change in Dynamic Territories. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76400-9_5.

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Rodwin, Lloyd. "Some Educational Challenges in Regional Studies for More Developed and Third World Countries." In Dynamics and Conflict in Regional Structural Change. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10636-3_18.

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Liu, Jianhua, and Zhaohua Jiang. "Urbanization and Structural Changes in China’s Economic Growth." In The Synergy Theory on Economic Growth: Comparative Study Between China and Developed Countries. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1885-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Structure of developed countries"

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Ivanov, Metodi. "THE INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LANDSCAPE VALORISATION STRATEGY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.81.

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The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of spatial, economic and social transformation and their influence on the development of a landscape valorization strategy, in terms of the possibilities for implementing structural changes in the territory of a country, through which structural changes to support the introduction of new technologies and innovations, resulting in a change in the sectoral structure of a country's economy. On the other hand, by assessing the impact of social transformation, an explanation will be sought for a number of processes related to the motivation to upskill the workforce in different regions, and possible ways of stimulating them will be sought by creating opportunities to improve the existing business environment in lagging regions in developing countries. An assessment of the role of spatial transformation is necessary in view of creating the conditions to stimulate investment in lagging regions, and to achieve sustainable development through a balanced use of available resources. On the other hand, the need to develop a strategy for the valorisation of the landscape should be highlighted in the light of an assessment of spatial, economic and social transformation, in the context of the objectives set by a number of countries to achieve the transition to a low-carbon and digitalised economy. This process, on the other hand, implies considerable efforts to increase the digital skills of the population, which will have an impact on the development of personal and collective incentives for the development and application of innovation in the socio-economic life of the population in the regions. On the other hand, the need to develop a valorisation strategy for the landscape is underlined by the search for opportunities to increase investment in green technologies in productive activities.

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Bleiziffer, Jelena, and Marta Miloš. "Bridge Modelling and Structural Analysis in BIM." In Concrete Structures and Technology 2024. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-rync5n.

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Digitalisation of the construction sector is one of the priorities in the European Union and one of the main technologies used for this purpose is Building Information Modelling (BIM). An important advantage of BIM is that it enables management of information about the built environment through all phases of the asset lifecycle: procurement, design, construction, operation and maintenance. Major promotion for the use of BIM in construction projects in EU member countries comes from the EU directive on Public Procurement and many public investments are related to infrastructure projects, including bridges. Indeed, in some countries, for certain public projects it is now mandatory to use BIM. This paper focuses on the implementation of BIM for bridges, which was overall much slower than for buildings. Some of the differences between BIM for bridges and BIM for buildings are pointed out, as well as what is identified as major barriers for implementation of BIM in bridge projects. At the same time, there are significant advancements with respect to openness and standardization on the international level, which are essential for widespread and effective use. Several software developers have taken on the challenge to provide bridge BIM solutions, some with the intention of using a single model for both physical representation of a bridge in blueprints and analytical calculations to design and verify mechanical resistance of the structure. This paper uses one such example to discuss current possibilities, some of the great advantages this technology offers, but also potential problems in the bridge BIM modelling procedure, when BIM model is used for structural analysis.

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Islam, Moavin. "Condition Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures - a Case Study." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95521.

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Abstract Corrosion damage is a multibillion dollar problem in the United States and other developed countries of the world with an estimated cost figure of 3-4% of the gross national product. Approximately a quarter of this cost can be attributed to corrosion of reinforced concrete structures such as bridges, parking garages and buildings. The first step towards adopting corrosion control measures and mitigating further damage in these structures is to carry out a corrosion condition survey. The corrosion condition evaluation of reinforced concrete structures entails the judicious use of a number of techniques and methodologies such as visual inspection, potential mapping, corrosion rate measurements, cover thickness, chloride content analysis etc. to get a proper assessment of the situation so that appropriate corrective measures can be taken. The present paper discusses the various techniques and presents a case study related to a parking garage.

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Broomfield, John P. "A Web Based Tool for Selecting Repair Options and Life Cycle Costing of Corrosion Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structures." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05254.

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Abstract The UK concrete repair industry is believed to turn over $2 billion per annum, more than 3% of the entire UK construction industry turnover. While many structures are well maintained within a suitable management program, a number of owners do not have the resources to cope effectively when presented with a one off problem, their first or their only case of reinforcement corrosion. This paper described a new web based tool to guide the user through the process of: prediction of time to chloride or carbonation induced reinforcement corrosion,the selection of effective repair options,the budget costing of repair optionslife cycle costing of the chosen repair options Examples of its application are given for both carbonation and chloride induced corrosion. Elements of the tool can be used independently or sequentially, depending upon the requirements and expertise of the user and on the available information from the structure under evaluation. Costs for different techniques have been developed by a peer group of UK contractors, consultants and materials suppliers. Although given in British Pounds they can be used by simple exchange rate conversion in other countries if no better local data are available. Costs should be considered comparative budget prices rather than absolute values. Case studies are given where the paper has been applied to reinforced concrete structures suffering from chloride and from carbonation induced corrosion. The studies show that by quantitative analysis of good quality survey data the costs and advantages of different repair options can be analysed objectively.

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Peng, Sanying. "Research on the Evolution of Sports Industry Structure in Developed Countries." In 2015-1st International Symposium on Social Science. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isss-15.2015.89.

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Cahyadin, Malik, Tamat Sarmidi, Norlin Khalid, and Siong Hook Law. "Fiscal sustainability indicators: New evidence from developing and developed countries." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS SCIENCE, STRUCTURES, AND MANUFACTURING. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0154280.

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Ilyushkina, Maria. "PROCESSES OF CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE IN THE TERRITORIAL STRUCTURES OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/5.2/s19.017.

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N. Haque, Anika. "Adaptation to Flooding in the Low-Income Urban Settlements of the Least Developed Countries." In The 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icesdp17.183.

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Koga, Tsuyoshi, Motoyuki Matsubara, and Kazuhiro Aoyama. "Disassembling System of Large Scaled Structure Considering Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Efficiency." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49375.

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When a ship finished its lifetime, its hull is scrapped and recycled. Presently, the ships are scrapped mainly on the less-developed countries. The ship recycling in developing countries often comprises hazardous and environmentally damaging processes, and has developed into a serious problem from the viewpoint of realizing an international resource recycling society. It is predicted that over the next few years, disassembly of substandard ships that do not fulfill safety guidelines, such as single-hull tankers, will increase rapidly. Hence, economical, safe and environment-friendly ship disassembly processes are strongly desired. This paper proposes a planning method for the safe, economical, and environment-friendly ship disassembling process. The planning method derives an optimal disassembly process by considering safety, cost, and environmental impact. In order to develop this disassembling system, this paper addresses (1) a model of the scrapped ship, the facility, the field, and (2) a disassembling process models considering the hull, factory, and operations and (3) a planning method of disassembling process to achieve both of the safety and environmental cost. Based on the models and methods, a evaluation function that considers safety, disassembling cost, and environmental impact is proposed. An example of a disassembling process planning on an actual ship-hull structure is shown in this paper. A best planning result contains less unstable state of hull block, includes a lot of parallel tasks, and utilizes the best performances of equipments of the factory. The proposed system can provide not only safety information during disassembly to developing countries but also an economical disassembly equipment assignment plan to developed countries.

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Jubair, Talha, and Ashkar Rahman Aquib. "Comparing Traffic Laws and Impacts in Bangladesh and Developed Countries: Insights and Recommendations for Improving Road Safety." In The 8th International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iccste23.182.

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Reports on the topic "Structure of developed countries"

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Mayer, JÃ¶rg. Structural Change, Global Imbalances, and Employment in the Least Developed Countries. International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/co_pb_20110113.

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Pengelly, Tom. Graduating with Momentum: Intellectual Property Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for Least Developed Countries. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2024. https://doi.org/10.14217/comsec.1128.

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This paper explores the potential for LDCs, including those that will soon graduate from the category, to benefit from intellectual property rights (IPRs). It argues that a more pro-development intellectual property (IP) agenda is needed for LDCs, tailored to their specific context and development goals. The paper provides evidence-based analysis to assist LDCs to navigate potential IPR-related challenges upon graduation and to develop IP regimes and systems that support the development of productive capacities, technological upgrading and innovation as part of broader efforts to achieve inclusive growth and structural transformation. While acknowledging that there is no one-size-fits-all approach, the paper proposes a range of forward-looking solutions, innovations, capacity-building options, policy positions and legislative steps, which can be adapted to specific country contexts and circumstances as appropriate, to help LDCs attenuate the negative impact of the loss of LDC-specific flexibilities and possibly unlock IPR-related benefits both before and after graduation.

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Friel, Daniel, Juan Carlos Hallak, and Alejandro Artopoulos. Challenges of Exporting Differentiated Products to Developed Countries: The Case of SME-Dominated Sectors in a Semi-Industrialized Country. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010986.

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This paper surveys four Argentinean industrieslight ships, television programs, wines, and wooden furniturethat have experienced substantial export growth in recent years, particularly to developed countries. The case studies first describe the structure of the industries, then characterize the emergence of export pioneers and the subsequent process of diffusion. Finally, they analyze the role played by public institutions. Across sectors, the appearance of a pioneer is largely explained by a knowledge advantage relative to other industry participants regarding foreign markets, which the pioneer acquired previously and independently of his decision to export. Diffusion occurs across as well as within sectors, as pioneers knowledge is relevant to other industries. Since diffusion does not necessarily hurt the pioneer, public policy has a potentially important role in fostering diffusion within and across sectors.

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Hertel, Thomas, Maros Ivanic, Paul Preckel, and John Cranfield. Trade Liberalization and the Structure of Poverty in Developing Countries. GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp25.

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“Globalization increases poverty” is a common assertion made by critics of globalization. The proliferation of low-wage jobs and higher food prices are some of the arguments brought forward in support of this argument. One of the hallmarks of globalization is the systematic dismantling of barriers to trade. Advocates of trade liberalization – particularly industrialized country agriculture reform – argue that the ensuing rise in world prices for agriculture products will boost rural incomes, thereby reducing poverty in the poorest countries, where the bulk of world poverty resides. Who is right? The goal of this paper is take a systematic look at the structure of poverty across a range of developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and explore how national poverty rates in some of the poorest countries in the world are likely to be affected by global trade liberalization. Our analysis of the structure of poverty is based on national household surveys from 14 developing countries. While we consider both spending and earnings effects of trade liberalization, it is argued that the earnings effects will generally be the dominant factor. This is particularly true in the short run for households that are highly specialized in their earnings patterns. Consider the case of a self-employed farm household. Assuming that trade liberalization results in higher farm prices, we expect the short run effect on the returns to family labor and land to be positive, and somewhat larger in percentage terms (the so-called “magnification effect”). Furthermore, if this household is not employed off-farm, then the farm profitability effect translates directly into an income effect, and this is likely to be sufficient to lift some of the farm households out of poverty. Of course this same effect can work in reverse, with commodity price declines increasing poverty. This makes specialized households highly vulnerable to trade policy shocks. In addition to agriculture-specialized households, we focus on self-employed non-agriculture specialized households, households specialized in wage labor and those relying on transfer payments for 95% or more of their income. Together, these four types of specialized households account for an average of 56% of the poor in the 14 countries examined. Thus a majority of the poor have specialized earnings patterns and are likely to be disproportionately affected by trade liberalization. The same is not true of the non-poor, where a majority of the households are diversified, and are therefore less vulnerable to sector-specific commodity price changes. We also find that the poor are over-represented among the agriculture-specialized households. With this background, we turn to an examination of the broad effects of multilateral trade liberalization on relative commodity prices and factor returns across the 14 countries in question. We distinguish between per capita effects – or the impact of trade liberalization on the “average” household in each country, and the effects on the poorest households. Our per capita results are quite similar to other studies of multilateral trade liberalization, with most countries gaining modestly, while a few gain substantially and a few lose due to the erosion of benefits from existing preferences. Some argue that this “rising tide will lift all boats” and so the positive per capita gains from trade liberalization will reduce poverty. However, we show that the short run impact of trade liberalization on different household groups is quite varied, and not always positive. First of all, global trade liberalization tends to raise food prices – particularly for staples, relative to non-food prices. This is true in all but 2 of the countries in our sample. This food price hike has an adverse effect on the poor, relative to the per capita household, since they spend a disproportionate share of their income on food. Also, the short run earnings impacts are quite varied, with agricultural profits rising relative to per capita income in 11 of the 14 countries, while relative non-agricultural profits and wages fall in many of these countries. Thus the overall impact on poverty depends on the structure of poverty in each country – hence our emphasis on this topic. We proceed to systematically explore the impact of trade liberalization on poverty utilizing a recently developed analytical framework that combines the detailed household survey data with a global economic model in order to measure the poverty impacts of trade liberalization on the five different household strata in each country. Each of the first four strata corresponds to one of the groups of earnings-specialized households, while the fifth encompasses the diversified households in each country. We conduct our analysis at the level of one hundred income percentiles, ranging from poorest to richest in each stratum. In this way, we uncover the differential impact of trade liberalization, by country, stratum and by income level. We also calculate the change in poverty rates, both at the stratum and national levels. Our findings emphasize the differential short run poverty impacts of multilateral trade liberalization on poverty across countries, across strata, and within strata, thereby highlighting the links between the structure of poverty and the national impacts of trade liberalization.

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Demaestri, Edgardo C., and Diego Sourrouille. Integrated Financial Supervision: Experiences in Selected Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008851.

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This paper represents one of the first comparative analyses of experiences of integrated supervision. It discusses how several countries around the world have developed the processes of integrating financial regulation and supervision, and covers numerous relevant technical issues as well as the policy options. It describes the scope of the activities, institutions, responsibilities, and regulatory powers that integrated supervisors are expected to cover. Issues related to the organizational structures and the management of staff resources are also considered. In particular, the paper discusses how the supervisory agencies have dealt with three important aspects: the treatment of financial conglomerates, the risk assessment process, and crisis management.

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Cranfield, John, Thomas Hertel, James Eales, and Paul Preckel. Changes in the Structure of Global Food Demand. GTAP Working Paper, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp01.

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A newly developed demand system is used to estimate the response of food and food product demand to per capita expenditure changes. The resulting Engel elasticities are then used to project food and food product demand in 2020 assuming per capita expenditure and population changes. Results suggest that while food expenditure is projected to grow, it accounts for a smaller proportion of total expenditure. Further analysis indicates change in the composition of food demand away from a grain and towards livestock is projected to occur in lower income countries in 2020.

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Burchett, Helen E. D., Rebecca S. French, Sally Griffin, Malica de Melo, Joelma J. Picardo, and Dylan Kneale. Structural interventions to enable adolescent contraceptive use in low and middle income countries: What has been evaluated and how should future interventions be developed? Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/ceb3.

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Adolescent pregnancy rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are high and reducing these rates is an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Enabling contraceptive use amongst sexually active adolescents is an important way to help address this. Most interventions tend to focus on providing contraceptives and family planning services or information and education to encourage girls to use contraception. However, these interventions do not usually address the broader factors that affect girls’ ability to access and use contraception. Structural interventions are those that address this broader context, such as interventions that aim to increase girls’ education, reduce poverty and/or increase their economic empowerment, or shift social norms around gender, adolescent sexuality or fertility. This brief summarises the findings of an evidence synthesis that examined structural interventions to enable adolescent contraceptive use in LMICs. The authors identify which structural interventions have been evaluated and offer recommendations on how future interventions could be developed to optimise their impact.

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Pietrobelli, Carlo, and Robert Devlin. Modern Industrial Policy and Public-Private Councils at the Subnational Level: Empirical Evidence from Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009309.

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In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the use of industrial polices. The need for modern industrial policies has been increasingly acknowledged in the literature and by the praxis of developed and developing countries, including much of Latin America. Whether a country should have an industrial policy is no longer in question; rather, the issue is how to do it right. Nevertheless, research is still incipient on the experience with the specific institutional arrangements and governance structure required for effective modern industrial policy and the form that such institutions should take. This is especially true in large countries with developed subnational governance structures. One institutional mechanism considered vital to effective modern industrial policy is the modality of public-private dialogue and problem solving that supports a search for obstacles and solutions to agreed development objectives. This paper addresses industrial policy in general, but especially at the subnational level, with new empirical evidence from a large federal state: Mexico. It presents a detailed analysis of the governance of 32 newly created public-private State Productivity Commissions (Comisiones Estatales de Productividad, or CEPs). The analysis also is informed by new research on the longer experience of subnational public-private councils in Colombia's national system of competitiveness and innovation.

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Behrman, Jere R., Miguel Székely, and Suzanne Duryea. Decomposing Fertility Differences across World Regions and over Time: Is Improved Health More Important than Women's Schooling? Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010947.

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There is a recent renewal of interest in the relation between shifts in age structures of populations and various economic outcomes. These shifts are triggered by changes in fertility and mortality that take place some years before becoming apparent in the standard age structure and that may create windows of opportunity for subsequent development. A large number of countries in the world are still experiencing, or probably about to experience, fertility declines. This paper first characterizes differences in fertility and mortality and in related dependency ratios across regions and over time. The paper then uses a panel of 96 countries covering the period 1965-1995 to decompose the differences in fertility rates between developed and developing countries and the differences in fertility between 1960 and 1995 for several developing regions and for 22 individual countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region. These decompositions indicate that the main correlates of fertility differences across space and over time are female schooling and health, with the former having larger associations with differential fertility among regions/countries at a point of time and the latter having larger associations with fertility declines over time. This suggests that the importance of associations of increased female schooling relative to those of improved health may be overstated in the literature, which is substantially based on inferring longitudinal relations from cross-sectional data.

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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.

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