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Journal articles on the topic 'Structure of heart'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Anderson, R. H. "Development and structure of the atrial septum." Heart 88, no. 1 (2002): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.88.1.104.

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2

Underwood, M. J. "The aortic root: structure, function, and surgical reconstruction." Heart 83, no. 4 (2000): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.83.4.376.

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3

Akhtamovna, Achilova Feruza. "Structure of minor heart anomalies in children based on echocardiographic data." International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 5, no. 2 (2025): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/volume05issue02-15.

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Over the past decade, the structure of cardiovascular pathology in childhood has undergone significant changes. The proportion of heart rhythm disorders, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart defects has increased [1,3,9]. Currently, conditions associatedwith heart changes in connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) are gaining increasing importance [2,4,6].

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4

Yani, Desi Arsita. "Histological Structure of Stingrays (Gymnura poecilura) Heart." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.261.

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Stingrays belong to the sub class of Elesmobranchii or often termed as cartilaginous fish. The heart is one of the circulating organs in fish that serves to pump blood throughout the body. The fish circulatory system is a closed system with a single blood circulation. This study aims to determine the histological structure of stingrays' hearts. The fish used for this study are butterfly stingray (Gymnura poecilura) obtained from Depok Beach, Bantul. The equipments used in this research are a set of surgical instrument, bottles, paraffin board, razor blades, embedding cassettes, staining jar, m

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5

Cherlin, V. A. "The Unique Morphofunctional Structure of the Reptilian Heart." Успехи современной биологии 144, no. 2 (2024): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0042132424020079.

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The paper analyzes the evolution of the thermoenergetic statuses of vertebrates and the associated evolutionary development of their heart. The analysis shows that in most modern lepidosaurs and turtles, the heart is not completely, conditionally five-chambered: it has two atria and one ventricle, in which two incomplete septas divide it into three functional chambers. In some of them, these two septas were modified in evolution so that they turned into one with vertical and horizontal elements, as a result of which the heart became functionally four-chambered, with improved separation of arte

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6

Sapitri, Ade Iriani, and Annisa Darmawahyuni. "Aorta Detection with Fetal Echocardiography Images Using Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNNs)." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 10, no. 2 (2021): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v10i2.375.

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The fetal heart structure has an important role in analyzing the location of abnormalities in the heart. The aorta is one of the fetal heart structures, which has an essential part in exploring how the fetal heart is structured. To see the fetal heart structure can be seen with the help of an echocardiography tool in the form of ultrasound to see ultrasound images of the fetal heart. In ultrasound image data, detection is challenging because of its low image features, shadows, and contrast levels. So that is the first to do it yourself in one of the points of the culture in the culture in the

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7

Fitzgerald, Richard J. "The structure of heart failure." Physics Today 71, no. 11 (2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4078.

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8

Petrovna, Askaryans Vera, and Xikmatov Javoxirbek Sherali ogli. "CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS." Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences 03, no. 02 (2023): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ejmns-v03-i02-p1-32.

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Congenital heart defects (TYN), also known as congenital heart anomaly and congenital heart disease, are defects in the structure of the heart or great vessels present at birth. Congenital heart defects are classified as cardiovascular diseases. Signs and symptoms depend on the specific type of defect. Symptoms can be harmless or life-threatening. If present, symptoms may include rapid breathing, bluish skin (cyanosis), low weight, and fatigue. Congenital heart defects do not cause chest pain. Congenital heart defects are often not associated with other diseases. A complication of congenital h

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9

Schevchenko, Yu L., V. G. Gudymovich, and A. E. Trombachev. "Modern view of the lymphatic system of the heart and the effect of its pathology on myocardial function." Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical & Surgical Center 19, no. 3 (2024): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25881/20728255_2024_19_3_105.

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The modern scientific literature overwhelmingly pays attention to the arterial and, to a lesser extent, the venous link of the myocardial blood supply. However, the lymphatic drainage system from the structures of the heart remains practically unlit. This literature review is devoted to the lymphatic bed of the heart. The historical aspects of his discovery are shown, modern data concerning embryonic development, anatomical structure and function of the lymphatic structures of the heart, and features of lymph outflow from the myocardium are presented. Modern methods of assessing the developmen

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10

Kotlyar, A.-A. "Insulin-like growth factor I and II preserve myocardial structure in postinfarct swine." Heart 86, no. 6 (2001): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.86.6.693.

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11

Le, Trung Bao, Mustafa Usta, Cyrus Aidun, Ajit Yoganathan, and Fotis Sotiropoulos. "Computational Methods for Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Heart Valves in Patient-Specific Left Heart Anatomies." Fluids 7, no. 3 (2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7030094.

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Given the complexity of human left heart anatomy and valvular structures, the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation of native and prosthetic valves poses a significant challenge for numerical methods. In this review, recent numerical advancements for both fluid and structural solvers for heart valves in patient-specific left hearts are systematically considered, emphasizing the numerical treatments of blood flow and valve surfaces, which are the most critical aspects for accurate simulations. Numerical methods for hemodynamics are considered under both the continuum and discrete (partic

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12

Nayar, S. "Heart valve structure: a predisposing factor for rheumatic heart disease." Heart 92, no. 8 (2006): 1151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2005.075358.

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13

Abaeva, Tamara S., Masalbek A. Satybalbiev, Argen T. Alymkulov, and Aida M. Ergesheva. "Morphology of intramural lymph vessels of the human heart." Heart, Vessels and Transplantation 3, Issue 4 (2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.24969/hvt.2019.149.

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The structure of intraorgan system of the lymphatic collectors of the heart, their size, structure and distribution in different parts of the wall of lymphangions are described. Generation and interposition of muscle fibers in the structure of the common vessel are shown. Visual description of the interaction of different structures of the lymphatic system for lymph passage, from subendocardial lymph capillaries to the main outflow vessels is described.

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14

Chang Hyun Kim. "Power Structure in Heart of Darkness." English21 23, no. 3 (2010): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35771/engdoi.2010.23.3.011.

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15

Schacherer, Ch, D. Koops, J. Wiemer, et al. "Extracellular matrix structure after heart transplantation." International Journal of Cardiology 68, no. 1 (1999): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5273(98)00341-6.

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16

Fazal, Furqan M., and Howard Y. Chang. "lncRNA Structure: Message to the Heart." Molecular Cell 64, no. 1 (2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.030.

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17

Karsanov, N. V. "Energy, structure, conformation, and heart failure." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 128, no. 2 (1999): 765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02433812.

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18

Peragovics, Ágnes, and Erika Biró. "Structure Drawing at the Heart of Teaching Chemistry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, no. 1 (2021): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.54.

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Chemistry is all about structures. There are myriads of structural representations that are required for the students to become familiar with when learning chemistry. Structural formula, skeletal formula, Lewis and resonance structures, three-dimensional representations are just a few examples of the drawing styles that should be readily interpreted by a chemistry student. In order to gain the necessary knowledge to understand and manipulate chemical structures, students must extensively solve problems with structural illustrations and practice drawing chemical structures themselves. Here we p

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19

Balkanski, Stefan. "Dapagliflozin – structure, synthesis, and new indications." Pharmacia 68, no. (3) (2021): 591–96. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70626.

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Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. An aryl glycoside with significant effect as glucose-lowering agents, Dapagliflozin also has indication for patients with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease. This review examines the structure, synthesis, analysis, structure activity relationship and uses of the product. The studies behind this drug have opened the doors for the new line of treatment – a drug that reduces blood glucoses, decreases the rate of heart failures, and has a positive effect on patients w

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20

Smith, Jennie. "High-Dose Vitamin D Improves Heart Structure, Function in Heart Failure." Caring for the Ages 17, no. 6 (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carage.2016.05.018.

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21

Richardson, William J., Samantha A. Clarke, T. Alexander Quinn, and Jeffrey W. Holmes. "Physiological Implications of Myocardial Scar Structure." Comprehensive Physiology 5, no. 4 (2015): 1877–909. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00658.x.

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ABSTRACTOnce myocardium dies during a heart attack, it is replaced by scar tissue over the course of several weeks. The size, location, composition, structure, and mechanical properties of the healing scar are all critical determinants of the fate of patients who survive the initial infarction. While the central importance of scar structure in determining pump function and remodeling has long been recognized, it has proven remarkably difficult to design therapies that improve heart function or limit remodeling by modifying scar structure. Many exciting new therapies are under development, but

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22

Hinton, Antentor, Steven M. Claypool, Kit Neikirk, et al. "Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Human Heart Failure." Circulation Research 135, no. 2 (2024): 372–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.124.323800.

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Despite clinical and scientific advancements, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Although inflammation is crucial to reparative healing following acute cardiomyocyte injury, chronic inflammation damages the heart, impairs function, and decreases cardiac output. Mitochondria, which comprise one third of cardiomyocyte volume, may prove a potential therapeutic target for heart failure. Known primarily for energy production, mitochondria are also invol

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23

Hescheler, J. "Integrins and cell structure: powerful determinants of heart development and heart function." Cardiovascular Research 47, no. 4 (2000): 645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(00)00164-4.

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24

Mylotte, Darren. "Structural heart disease training: time for structure." EuroIntervention 12, no. 18 (2017): e2161-e2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.4244/eijv12i18a354.

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25

Stensen, Niels, M. Emmanuel Collins, Paul Maquet, and Troels Kardel. "New Structure of the Muscles and Heart." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 84, no. 1 (1994): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006590.

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26

Yamaguchi, H., T. Tsukihara, H. Aoyama, et al. "Crystal structure analysis of bovine heart cytochromecoxidase." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (1996): C171—C172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767396092422.

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27

Xia, D., H. Kim, J. Deisenhofer, C. A. Yu, J. Z. Xia, and L. Yu. "Crystal structure of beef heart mitochondrial cytochromebc1complex." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (1996): C143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876739609352x.

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28

Peeters, T. H. J. M., A. Vilanova, and B. M. ter Haar Romeny. "Interactive Fibre Structure Visualization of the Heart." Computer Graphics Forum 28, no. 8 (2009): 2140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01421.x.

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29

RIDLEY, P. D. "The Heart: Structure in Health and Disease." Cardiovascular Research 27, no. 7 (1993): 1384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.7.1384a.

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30

Grunwald, Gregor, Thomas Hermeking, and Thomas Prang. "Kinetic Roof Structure: Msheireb Heart of Doha." Procedia Engineering 155 (2016): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.031.

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31

Schoen, Frederick J. "Structure-function correlations in tissue heart valves." Cardiovascular Pathology 5, no. 5 (1996): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1054-8807(96)80367-x.

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32

Ben-Sira, Zeev, and Ronit Eliezer. "The structure of readjustment after heart attack." Social Science & Medicine 30, no. 5 (1990): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(90)90151-h.

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33

Lancellotti, Patrizio, Adriana Postolache, and Raluca Dulgheru. "Highlights of imaging heart structure and function." Acta Cardiologica 78, no. 4 (2023): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015385.2023.2206690.

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34

Karatza, A. A. "Influence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome on fetal cardiovascular structure and function: prospective case-control study of 136 monochorionic twin pregnancies." Heart 88, no. 3 (2002): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.88.3.271.

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35

Liang, Loh Quo, Kok Yin Hui, Nur Hazreen Mohd Hasni, and Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib. "Development of Heart Simulator (Heart-S) on the Left Ventricle for Measuring the Blood Circulation during Cardiac Cycle." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 36 (March 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.36.78.

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Heart is a complex structure which acts as a blood pump in mammal’s body. It is important to have detail study for the heart structure. Modeling of heart structure gives a better understanding and figure of the heart valve’s movement as well as the fluid flow movement in the heart chamber. In this paper, the heart simulator (Heart-S) on the left ventricle for measuring the blood circulation during cardiac cycle was proposed. Throughout the experimental modeling of heart valve structure by using rhythmic fluid flow in a closed chamber, the relationship between heart valve elasticity and heart v

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36

Hudson, Margaret L. "Make Your Own Working Models of Heart Valves!" American Biology Teacher 76, no. 7 (2014): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2014.76.7.9.

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Heart valves play a vital role in efficient circulation of the blood, and the details of their physical structure are related crucially to their function. However, it can be challenging for the learner to make the mental connection between anatomical structures of valves and the changing pressure gradients that the valves experience and come to an understanding of valve function. Making your own simple, inexpensive working models allows your students to visualize valve action quickly and easily, and to predict effects on function if valve structure were altered. A link to a video showing use a

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37

Sharma, Vijay. "Deterministic Chaos and Fractal Complexity in the Dynamics of Cardiovascular Behavior: Perspectives on a New Frontier." Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal 3, no. 1 (2009): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874192400903010110.

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Physiological systems such as the cardiovascular system are capable of five kinds of behavior: equilibrium, periodicity, quasi-periodicity, deterministic chaos and random behavior. Systems adopt one or more these behaviors depending on the function they have evolved to perform. The emerging mathematical concepts of fractal mathematics and chaos theory are extending our ability to study physiological behavior. Fractal geometry is observed in the physical structure of pathways, networks and macroscopic structures such the vasculature and the His-Purkinje network of the heart. Fractal structure i

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38

FitzGerald, PG. "Gap junction Heterogeneity in Liver, Heart, and Lens." Physiology 3, no. 5 (1988): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1988.3.5.206.

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Gap junctions are nearly ubiquitous structures that ionically and metabolically couple adjacent cells. Molecular analysis of junctional proteins is establishing the presence of families of unique but homologous junctional proteins, opening the door to an explanation of tissue specificity in gap junction structure and function.

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39

Goralskyi, L. P., M. R. Ragulya, I. M. Sokulskyi, N. L. Kolesnik, and I. Y. Goralska. "Morphological and morphometrical characteristics of cattle heart structure." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 103 (2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10320.

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The paper presents the results of macro- and microscopic structure of cattle heart on the organ-, tissue- and cell levels. The samples of the selected material (n = 5) were preserved in a 10–12 % water solution of neutral formaline with its further charging into wax. Histologic sections not more than 10 mkm were made from wax blocks by using a sliding microtome MC-2. Hematoxilin- and eosin staining of histological sections by Heydengine technique was used for studying cell morphology, carrying out morphometrical studies and for receiving review samples. Histoarchitecture of the structural part

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40

Kladovasilakis, Nikolaos, Paschalis Charalampous, Ioannis Kostavelis, et al. "DEVELOPMENT OF HEART-LIKE STRUCTURE EMPLOYING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 15, no. 3 (2023): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2023.15.3.60.

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This study aims to present a workflow concerning the retrieval of a human heart’s 3D model and its fabrication with heart-like materials producing a 3D printed replica. In detail, the 3D model of the examined heart was obtained by applying a 3D reconstruction methodology utilizing DICOM data derived from CT-scans. For the 3D printed heart-like material, the Material Jetting AM technique was employed due to its ability to fabricate 3D printed composite parts with variable properties. Several compositions for the print-out materials were examined, and the material with the appropriate mechanical

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41

Sen, L. Y., M. O'Neill, J. D. Marsh, and T. W. Smith. "Myocyte structure, function, and calcium kinetics in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 5 (1990): H1533—H1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.5.h1533.

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The hereditary cardiomyopathic strain of the Syrian hamster has been studied extensively as a model of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the primary defect underlying the cascade of events leading to heart failure has not been identified. In the present study, isolated cardiac cells were obtained for study from 8-mo-old cardiomyopathic (Bio 14.6) and age-matched normal hamsters (F1B). We examined the relationships among structure, contractile function, and calcium kinetics in these isolated cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyopathic myocytes were wider and longer than controls, and myopathic

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42

Machado-Atias, Ivan, Guillermo Anselmi, Ivan Machado-Hernandez, and Cecilia Febres. "Discordances between the different types of atrial arrangement and the positions of the thoraco-abdominal organs." Cardiology in the Young 11, no. 5 (2001): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951101000798.

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Numerous investigations have addressed the most appropriate anatomical structures to be used for the identification of segmental arrangement (“situs”). Variations from normal have been termed “heterotaxy syndromes”. The assumption is frequently made that, in such instances, all the organs in a given individual case follow the same rules for segmental morphology. This leads to confusion. The starting point for cardiac analysis is the structure of the atriums. On this basis, we can define viscero-atrial discordance when, in usual arrangement, mirror imagery, and heterotaxy, the atriums and their

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43

Bashir Farooq, Fozia, Nadeem Ul Hassan Awan, Saima Parveen, Nazeran Idrees, Salma Kanwal, and Tarig A. Abdelhaleem. "Topological Indices of Novel Drugs Used in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment and Its QSPR Modeling." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (November 4, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9749575.

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A topological index is a score function that changes each molecular structure to a unique real number. It aids in determining the physicochemical and biological properties of a wide range of drugs, and it more accurately reflects the theoretical properties of drugs. The task is accomplished through the use of degree-based topological indices (TIs). Heart disease refers to a group of disorders that affect our hearts. Heart diseases include blood vessel disorders such as irregular heartbeat and heart muscle disease. In this article, Eliquis, metoprolol, valsartan, etc., and other drugs employed

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44

Legrice, I. J., P. J. Hunter, and B. H. Smaill. "Laminar structure of the heart: a mathematical model." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 5 (1997): H2466—H2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.5.h2466.

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A mathematical description of cardiac anatomy is presented for use with finite element models of the electrical activation and mechanical function of the heart. The geometry of the heart is given in terms of prolate spheroidal coordinates defined at the nodes of a finite element mesh and interpolated within elements by a combination of linear Lagrange and cubic Hermite basis functions. Cardiac microstructure is assumed to have three axes of symmetry: one aligned with the muscle fiber orientation (the fiber axis); a second set orthogonal to the fiber direction and lying in the newly identified

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45

Crossman, D., P. Ruygrok, A. Young, C. Soeller, and M. Cannell. "Regional Heart Function in Failing Human Hearts is Correlated with Transverse Tubule Structure." Heart, Lung and Circulation 21, no. 12 (2012): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2012.08.044.

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46

Patriati, Arum, and Edy Giri Rachman Putra. "pH DEPENDENT STRUCTURES OF BOVINE SERUM IN SOLUTION BY SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 2 (2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.15069.

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The pH-dependent structures of the bovine serum albumin (BSA), under physiological conditions that permit enzymatic activity, were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The unfolding behavior of BSA in solution is important to understand the mechanism of protein aggregation due to protein conformational change. The information of protein structure is crucial to design the perfect protein-based drug delivery device. This information will be useful as a complementary data of BSA crystal structure in static state. The structure of BSA in solution was found to be heart shaped, nea

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47

Pucci, A. M., C. Fruschelli, A. Rebuffat, M. Guarna, C. Alessandrini, and M. Fruschelli. "The innervation of toad lymph hearts: An ultrastructural study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 898–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124896.

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Amphibians have paired muscular pump organs, called “lymph heart”, which rhythmically pump back the lymph from the large subcutaneous lymph sacs into the veins. The structure and ultrastructure of these organs is well known but to date there is a lack of information about the innervation of lymph hearts. Therefore has been carried out an ultrastructural study in order to study the distribution of the nerve fibers, and the morphology of the neuromuscular junctions in the lymph heart wall.

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48

Svitlytskyi, A. O., A. V. Cherniavskyi, and Yu Yu Abrosimov. "Eponyms in the human heart anatomy." Morphologia 15, no. 3 (2021): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.213-219.

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The present time is characterized by an increase in the pace of life, and medicine is no exception. Often, when analyzing the medical literature, specialists are faced with the fact that in different publications almost the same structure has a different name, which causes misunderstanding among specialists in various medical fields. This is especially true for clinicians who use the convenient anatomical names of fundamental scientists such as morphologists. As these names, terms from the International Anatomical Nomenclature are used, along with which, especially in clinical anatomy and medi

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49

Treinys, Rimantas, and Jonas Jurevičius. "L-type Ca2+ channels in the heart: Structure and regulation." Medicina 44, no. 7 (2008): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44070064.

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This review analyzes the structure and regulation mechanisms of voltagedependent L-type Ca2+ channel in the heart. L-type Ca2+ channels in the heart are composed of four different polypeptide subunits, and the pore-forming subunit a1 is the most important part of the channel. In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ enter cell cytoplasm from extracellular space mainly through L-type Ca2+ channels; these channels are very important system in heart Ca2+ uptake regulation. L-type Ca2+ channels are responsible for the activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels (RyR2) and force of muscle contraction gener

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50

De Paola, R., H. X. Wang, and W. I. Norwood. "Fractal structure underlying patterns of premature heart beats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 5 (1993): H1603—H1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.5.h1603.

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Abstract:

Distinctive patterns of premature heart beats are frequently observed in clinical data, yet transitions from one pattern to another often appear to occur unpredictably. In this study we investigate the origins of this apparent lack of long-term order by processing the time intervals between successive R wave features of the electrocardiogram to obtain a symbolic description of all characteristic patterns of premature beats observed in a clinical data set. These characteristic patterns are found to be 1) associated with fixed ranges of heart rate over periods of many hours and 2) organized into

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