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1

Garboggini, Araripe do Amaral. "Structure and properties of rapidly solidified magnesium alloys." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313041.

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2

Moomaw, Andrea Sue. "Structure-Function Studies of the CorA Magnesium Channel." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1295621689.

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3

Lucas, Kaitlyn D. "Magnesium Sulfonyldibenzoates: Synthesis, Structure, Phase Transformation and Microscopic Studies." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1391780070.

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4

Chama, Shadreck. "Mechanically alloyed aluminium-magnesium-lithium alloys : structure property relations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399120.

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5

Grieger, Gayle. "The effect of mineralogy and exchangeable magnesium on the dispersive behaviour of weakly sodic soils /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg8478.pdf.

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6

Kolbeinsson, Ingólfur. "A Novel Processing Route for the Manufacture of Mg with Controlled Cellular Structure." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanichal Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4294.

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Cellular metals are a relatively new class of engineering materials that can be fabricated with either a random or controlled cellular structure. A controlled cellular structure allows the precise control of the pore geometry and hence subsequent material properties that can be important for some applications such as orthopathic implants. Recently the interest in using magnesium (Mg) as a biodegradable implant in the body has been growing rapidly. However, current methods for fabricating cellular magnesium typically results in a random arrangement of the cellular structure. A novel processing method is developed for the preparation of cellular metals with controlled open-cellular architectures. In particular, this process has been developed for magnesium due to the difficulties associated with powder processing. The fabrication routine utilises a multistage inverse templating technique implemented with assistance of a rapid prototyping (RP) technique. Rapid prototyped polymer performs of desired architectures were infiltrated using a specially designed slurry of NaCl. Removal of the polymer resulted in an accurate negative NaCl template that could be infiltrated with liquid metal using low pressure die casting. Subsequently, the template material is removed, resulting in a controlled cellular structure within Mg. Prior to metal infiltration, the compressive modulus, strength, grain growth and microstructure of the NaCl structure with and without sintering was examined using compression testing and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). For the EBSD analyses a new sample preparation technique for the micro porous samples had to be developed for use in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The NaCl and the cellular metal were evaluated using SEM and micro-computed tomography (µ-CT). Furthermore, the relationship between the original CAD model and the final NaCl pore morphology was investigated were the surfaces of the RP scaffold and the NaCl template were analysed and compared to the as-cast Mg.
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7

Laukli, Hans Ivar. "High Pressure Die Casting of Aluminium and Magnesium Alloys : Grain Structure and Segregation Characteristics." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-379.

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<p>Cold chamber high pressure die casting, (HPDC), is an important commercial process for the production of complex near net shape aluminium and magnesium alloy castings. The work presented in the thesis was aimed at investigating the microstructure formation in this type of casting. The solidification characteristics related to the process and the alloys control the formation of grains and defects. This again has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the castings.</p><p>The investigations were carried out mainly using the AM60 magnesium alloy and the A356 aluminium alloy. Two different casting arrangements were used: the cold chamber HPDC and the gravity die casting methods, which allowed for different flow and solidification conditions. The microstructures in the castings were investigated using optical microscopy, image analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction measurements and electron probe microanalysis.</p><p>In the HPDC experiments, the shot sleeve solidification conditions were investigated primarily by changing the melt superheat on pouring. This significantly affected the microstructures in the castings. The fraction of externally solidified crystals (ESCs) was consistently found to be largest near the gate in both the AM60 and the A356 die castings. This was attributed to the inherent shot sleeve solidification conditions and the flow set up by the plunger movement. When the superheat was increased, a lower fraction of ESCs was found in the castings. Furthermore, a high superheat gave ESCs with branched dendritic/elongated trunk morphology whilst a low superheat generated coarser and more globular ESCs, both in the AM60 and the A356 castings. The ESCs typically segregated towards the central region of the cross sections at further distances from the gate in the die castings.</p><p>When a thin layer of thermal insulating coating was applied on the shot sleeve wall in the production of AM60 die castings, it nearly removed all ESCs in the castings. Using an A356 alloy, (and no shot sleeve coating), with no Ti in solution gave a significantly lower fraction of ESCs, whereas AlTi5B1 grain refiner additions induced an increase in the fraction of ESCs and a significantly finer grain size in the castings. The formation of globular ESCs was enhanced when AlTi5B1 grain refiner was added to the A356 alloy.</p><p>In controlled laboratory gravity die casting experiments, typical HPDC microstructures were created by pouring semi-solid metal into a steel die: The ESCs were found to segregate/migrate to the central region during flow, until a maximum packing, (fraction of ESCs of ~35-40%), was reached. The extent of segregation is determined by the fraction of ESCs, and the die temperature affects the position of the ESCs. The segregation of ESCs was explained to occur during flow as a result of lift forces.</p><p>The formation of banded defects has also been studied: the position of the bands was affected by the die temperature and the fraction of ESCs. Based on the nature of the bands and their occurrence, a new theory on the formation of defect bands was proposed: During flow the solid distribution from the die wall consists of three regions: 1) a solid fraction gradient at the wall; 2) a low solid fraction region which carries (3) a network of ESCs. A critical fraction solid exists where the deformation rate exceeds the interdendritic flow rate. When the induced stress exceeds the network strength, deformation can occur by slip, followed by liquid flow. The liquid flow is caused by solidification shrinkage, hydrostatic pressure on the interior ESC network, and gaps forming which draw in liquid.</p>
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8

KUPFER, JOHN CARLTON. "A SEARCH FOR CHANGES IN THE BAND STRUCTURE OF EXTREMELY STRAIN-FREE MAGNESIUM-CADMIUM CRYSTALS AS A FUNCTION OF ALLOYING, IN THE DILUTE LIMIT (DE HAAS-VAN ALPHEN, FERMI SURFACE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187953.

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We report here a study of a specific doublet of de Haas-van Alphen frequencies in pure Mg and very dilute Mg(Cd) alloys with the magnetic field aligned with the c-axis. The work involved three stages. First, the use of extremely strain-free crystals, temperatures down to 40 millidegree Kelvin, large amplitude modulation, and the fast Fourier transform allowed the components of this doublet to be well resolved. This resolution allowed measurement of the changes in the cross-sectional area as a function of magnetic field orientation to verify the assignment of this doublet to the cap and monster arm junction at the top of the Brillouin zone. Third, with the magnetic field aligned with the c-axis, the splitting of this doublet offered a direct and sensitive indication of any symmetry breaking changes in the 0001 Fourier component of the ionic lattice potential in Mg upon the introduction of Cd. C. B. Friedberg's analysis of his electron interference lineshape data from the quantum interferometer in Mg had indicated that the energy of this band gap should increase by 40% with the introduction of 15 ppm Cd. Our data indicate that any change in the energy of the band gap must be at least three orders of magnitude smaller than that indicated by Friedberg. Our data are, in fact, consistent with there being no changes in the electronic band structure or the Fermi surface of Mg(Cd) alloys (with up to 0.02% (At) Cd), from that of pure Mg.
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9

Rabin, Clemence. "Investigation of RNA kissing complexes by native electrospray mass spectrometry : magnesium binding and ion mobility." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0892/document.

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En plus d’être l’intermédiaire entre l’ADN et les protéines, l’ARN est impliqué dans plusieurs processus biologiques : régulation et expression des gènes (riboswitches, ARNm et ARNt) ou encore catalyse (ribozymes). La fonction de chaque ARN est liée à sa structure et à sa dynamique de repliement. Des cations tel que le magnésium se lient à l’ARN et peuvent être essentiels au bon repliement et à la stabilité de ces structures. L’obtention de détails structuraux et thermodynamiques sur l’interaction avec le magnésium a donc une grande importance dans la compréhension de la relation structure-fonction. La première partie de ce travail a consisté en la caractérisation des équilibres de liaison entre le magnésium et des motifs d’ARN modèles, appelés « kissing complexes », par spectrométrie de masse native (SM). Grâce à la SM, il est possible de distinguer les stoechiométries de liaison du magnésium. Le travail présenté ici a permis l’élaboration d’une méthode pour quantifier chaque espèce en prenant en compte la distribution d’adduits non-spécifiques. Afin d’aller plus loin dans la localisation du magnésium, nous avons utilisé la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (SM/SM). Nous avons également étudié le comportement des complexes d’ARN en phase gazeuse en utilisant la spectrométrie de mobilité ionique (SMI), avec pour but de détecter des changements de conformation dus à la liaison de cations ou ligands. Contrairement à ce qui était anticipé, nous avons démontré que les duplexes d’ADN et ARN ainsi que les « kissing complexes » subissaient une compaction significative en phase gazeuse aux états de charge initialement obtenus par SM native, ce qui pourrait cacher l’effet des cations. Notre travail a montré comment la spectrométrie de masse peut apporter de nouvelles indications sur les stoechiométries et affinités entre ARN et cations, et discute de certaines limitations quant à l’utilisation de techniques en phase gazeuse pour explorer les structures en solution<br>Besides being the molecular intermediate between DNA and proteins, RNA can have many other functions such as gene regulation (riboswitches), gene expression (mRNA and tRNA) or catalysis (ribozymes). RNA function is linked to its structure and its folding dynamics. Cations such as magnesium bind to RNA and are in some instances essential for proper folding and for stability. The need of structural and thermodynamic details about Mg2+ interactions is then of upmost importance in the study of the structurefunction relationships. The first part of our work consists in characterizing the binding equilibria between magnesium and RNA model motifs, called kissing complexes, using native mass spectrometry (MS). MS makes it possible to distinguish individual binding stoichiometries, and the present work consisted in developing a method to quantify each species, taking into account the contribution of nonspecific adducts. We also explored how tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) could further help localizing magnesium ions. Further, we explored the structures of RNA complexes in the gas phase using ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS), with the aim to detect shape changes upon cation or ligand binding. But in contrast with anticipations, we found that DNA and RNA duplexes as well as RNA kissing complexes undergo a significant compaction at charge states naturally produced by native ESI-MS, which may hide the effect of cations. Our work showcases how mass spectrometry can bring novel information on RNA-cation binding stoichiometries and affinities, but also discusses some limitations of a gas-phase method to probe solution structures
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10

Goulding, Ashley Nelson. "Implementing the materials genome initiative: Best practice for developing meaningful experimental data sets in aluminum-zinc-magnesium-copper alloys." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55016.

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The Materials Genome Initiative was announced by the White House in June of 2011, and is a multi-agency initiative which calls the materials community to find ways to discover, develop, manufacture, and deploy advanced materials systems faster and more cost-efficiently. Currently, the amount of time it takes to discover and develop a new material system, optimize its properties, integrate it in to a system, certify that system, and develop the manufacturing capability so that it can be deployed in a commercial component takes at least 20 years. Since this trend holds regardless of the material system in question, the implication is that it is the process by which we as a community move through these seven steps, which causes the lengthy timeline. Historically, the discovery, development, and property optimization of a material system relies heavily on deep scientific knowledge, intuition and trial-and-error physical experimentation. Therefore much of the design and testing of materials in these early stages is currently performed through time-consuming and repetitive experimental and characterization feedback loops. Some of these feedback loops could be eliminated in the property optimization step with improved powerful and accurate computational modeling tools. However, while the ability of computational models to be used in this way is not new, models that have been developed in this space have consistently underperformed. Oftentimes, these models fail because they fail to accurately account for the various physical and chemical mechanisms that are driving the system, or because they fail to account for all of the variables which must be included. Here we propose a standard method of communication for these relationships in the form a process-structure-property-performance map, which leverages the known knowledge database of the material system to clearly and visually communicate the relevant variables and their various relationships in a defined materials design space. Such a map is developed here for high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, which offer a good example of a material system which could benefit from such a standard. This class of alloys, which are typically utilized in aircraft components, have been incorporated in commercial components for nearly 75 years, and due to its long history is a well characterized and well developed system that is highly suited to this kind of examination. In Part I of this work, we develop this standard by first examining the known knowledge database in this system to deduce what the important process, microstructure, and mechanical property variables are that are of interest. Once these variables and the relationships between them are identified, they are organized into a PSPP map according to a proposed set of steps, and can act as a visual standard that can clearly communicate critical information about the mechanisms of the system. For example, if a model developed within this system does not include a variable or a mechanism depicted within the map, it can be used to communicate the ways in which the model will be constrained. Similarly, when experimental data is collected within this space the map can be used to clearly communicate which variables in the space were held constant, which variables were tracked and accurately measured, and if any variables were unaccounted for. This information can help to communicate what situations the data can be used in, and how the space that the experimental data can be used in is constrained. In Part II of this work, we vary multiple parameters within the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system defined in Part I, and attempted to track and measure as many of the variables within the space as possible using commonly available testing and characterization methods. In tackling such a large project in the complicated materials system of high-strength wrought Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, we are able to understand which current testing and characterization methods are well suited to tracking these variables when the number of test specimens becomes quite large and when variability among those specimens is involved. We are also able to identify opportunities for future work in this area, which could be focused on improving our ability to implement projects of the scope that is required here. In addition to evaluating the feasibility of the various measurement and characterization methods, the raw data and the analyzed results for this work are cataloged in an associated data repository and have been made available for use in future work in this and other areas.
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11

Hamilton, Myles. "The structure and dynamics of liquid semiconductors and superionic conductors by neutron scattering." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311368.

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12

Tucker, Matthew Taylor. "Structure-property stress state dependent relationships under varying strain rates." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-091044.

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13

Makongo, Mangan Julien Pierre Amelie. "A Case Study of Complex Metallic Alloy Phases: Structure and Disorder Phenomena of Mg-Pd Compounds." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1235570638125-80764.

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The phase diagram of the Mg-Pd system was redetermined in the range from 50 at. % Mg to 100 at. % Mg. It contains several intermediate phases with some of them being complex metallic alloy phases (CMAs), i.e., characterized by (i) giant unit cells with more than hundred atoms, (ii) inherent disorder, (iii) the presence of a cluster substructure. Phase fields and heterogeneous equilibria of the intermediate phases β- Mg6Pd, γ-Mg57Pd13, δ-Mg56.4Pd13.6, ε-Mg306Pd77, ζ-Mg64Pd17, η-Mg3Pd, θ-Mg5Pd2, ι- Mg2Pd and κ-MgPd were determined. The first five phases are CMAs with Mackay clusters as fundamental structural units. The crystal structure of the most magnesium-rich compound β-Mg6Pd was redetermined. It was found to be more complicated than previously thought due to correlated disorder of only two atom sites in the cubic unit cell. The γ-, ε- and ζ-phases form in a small window of temperature (50 oC) and composition (3 at. %) close to 80 at. % Mg. A new structure type was assigned to Mg3Pd (Cu3P, P63cm). The single phase field of the θ-phase is caused by constitutional vacancies. The new ι-phase crystallizes with NiTi2 structure-type<br>Das Phasendiagramm des Systems Mg–Pd wurde im Bereich von 50 bis 100 At.-% Mg neu bestimmt. In diesem Phasendiagramm finden sich mehrere intermediäre Phasen, darunter auch komplexe intermetallische Verbindungen (engl.: complex intermetallic alloys, CMAs). CMAs sind charakterisiert durch (i) große Elementarzellen mit mehr als einhundert Atomen, (ii) intrinsischer Fehlordnung und (iii) dem Vorhandensein einer Cluster- Substruktur. Die Phasenfelder und heterogenen Gleichgewichte der intermediären Phasen β-Mg6Pd, γ- Mg57Pd13, δ-Mg56.4Pd13.6, ε-Mg306Pd77, ζ-Mg64Pd17, η-Mg3Pd, θ-Mg5Pd2, ι-Mg2Pd und κ- MgPd wurden bestimmt. Die ersten fünf der eben genannten Phasen sind CMAs mit Mackay Clustern als fundamentales strukturelles Einheit. Alle übrigen Phasen besitzen einen einfacheren kristallografischen Aufbau. Die Kristallstruktur der Mg-reichsten Verbindung β-Mg6Pd wurde neu bestimmt und ist weitaus sich als komplizierter als bisher angenommen. Die Ausdehnung des Einphasenfeldes von β-Mg6Pd lässt sich jedoch sehr einfach mit korrelierter Fehlordnung von lediglich zwei Atomen in der kubischen Elementarzelle verstehen. Die γ-, ε-, und ζ-Phasen bilden sich in einem schmalen Temperatur- (50 °C) und Zusammensetzungsbereich (3 at. %) nahe 80 at. % Mg. Der Verbindung Mg3Pd (Cu3P, P63cm) wurde ein neuer Strukturtyp zugewiesen. Die Ausdehnung des Einphasenfeldes der θ-Phase lässt sich mit dem Einbau konstitutioneller Leerstellen erklären. Die neue ι-Phase kristallisiert im NiTi2 Strukturtyp
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14

Moudden, Ali. "Etude comparative des series **(1)s : :(0), **(1)d::(2) du zinc et du magnesium." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2043.

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Etude par fluorescence des durees de vie radiatives et des probabilites de transition vers l'etat de resonance (ms mp)**(1)p::(1) du zinc et du magnesium, montrant de fortes perturbations des series **(1)d::(2) et **(1)s::(0). Mise en evidence par des calculs theoriques des melanges tres important avec la configuration (mp**(2))
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15

Makongo, Mangan Julien Pierre Amelie. "A Case Study of Complex Metallic Alloy Phases: Structure and Disorder Phenomena of Mg-Pd Compounds." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23850.

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The phase diagram of the Mg-Pd system was redetermined in the range from 50 at. % Mg to 100 at. % Mg. It contains several intermediate phases with some of them being complex metallic alloy phases (CMAs), i.e., characterized by (i) giant unit cells with more than hundred atoms, (ii) inherent disorder, (iii) the presence of a cluster substructure. Phase fields and heterogeneous equilibria of the intermediate phases β- Mg6Pd, γ-Mg57Pd13, δ-Mg56.4Pd13.6, ε-Mg306Pd77, ζ-Mg64Pd17, η-Mg3Pd, θ-Mg5Pd2, ι- Mg2Pd and κ-MgPd were determined. The first five phases are CMAs with Mackay clusters as fundamental structural units. The crystal structure of the most magnesium-rich compound β-Mg6Pd was redetermined. It was found to be more complicated than previously thought due to correlated disorder of only two atom sites in the cubic unit cell. The γ-, ε- and ζ-phases form in a small window of temperature (50 oC) and composition (3 at. %) close to 80 at. % Mg. A new structure type was assigned to Mg3Pd (Cu3P, P63cm). The single phase field of the θ-phase is caused by constitutional vacancies. The new ι-phase crystallizes with NiTi2 structure-type.<br>Das Phasendiagramm des Systems Mg–Pd wurde im Bereich von 50 bis 100 At.-% Mg neu bestimmt. In diesem Phasendiagramm finden sich mehrere intermediäre Phasen, darunter auch komplexe intermetallische Verbindungen (engl.: complex intermetallic alloys, CMAs). CMAs sind charakterisiert durch (i) große Elementarzellen mit mehr als einhundert Atomen, (ii) intrinsischer Fehlordnung und (iii) dem Vorhandensein einer Cluster- Substruktur. Die Phasenfelder und heterogenen Gleichgewichte der intermediären Phasen β-Mg6Pd, γ- Mg57Pd13, δ-Mg56.4Pd13.6, ε-Mg306Pd77, ζ-Mg64Pd17, η-Mg3Pd, θ-Mg5Pd2, ι-Mg2Pd und κ- MgPd wurden bestimmt. Die ersten fünf der eben genannten Phasen sind CMAs mit Mackay Clustern als fundamentales strukturelles Einheit. Alle übrigen Phasen besitzen einen einfacheren kristallografischen Aufbau. Die Kristallstruktur der Mg-reichsten Verbindung β-Mg6Pd wurde neu bestimmt und ist weitaus sich als komplizierter als bisher angenommen. Die Ausdehnung des Einphasenfeldes von β-Mg6Pd lässt sich jedoch sehr einfach mit korrelierter Fehlordnung von lediglich zwei Atomen in der kubischen Elementarzelle verstehen. Die γ-, ε-, und ζ-Phasen bilden sich in einem schmalen Temperatur- (50 °C) und Zusammensetzungsbereich (3 at. %) nahe 80 at. % Mg. Der Verbindung Mg3Pd (Cu3P, P63cm) wurde ein neuer Strukturtyp zugewiesen. Die Ausdehnung des Einphasenfeldes der θ-Phase lässt sich mit dem Einbau konstitutioneller Leerstellen erklären. Die neue ι-Phase kristallisiert im NiTi2 Strukturtyp.
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Awad, Abdel salam. "Nouveaux composés ternaires à base de magnésium : structure, propriétés de sorption d'hydrogène et propriétés physiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0215/document.

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L’hydrogène peut être utilisé (et est utilisé depuis peu) comme un vecteur d’énergie propre. Il permet la transition du monde énergétique actuel, basé sur les énergies fossiles, vers le monde énergétique futur basé sur les énergies renouvelables et l’hydrogène. Cette transition ne sera envisageable que lorsque les problématiques liées à la production en masse de l’hydrogène et à son stockage seront résolues.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de produire l’hydrogène à partir de matériaux à base de magnésium en utilisant deux méthodes : (i) l’hydrolyse et (ii) la méthode micro-ondes.Notre premier objectif était d’élaborer des matériaux pour lesquels le phénomène de passivation du magnésium serait limité et présenteraient ainsi des rendements de production d’hydrogène optimaux. Le broyage mécanique à haute énergie est utilisé pour élaborer les différents composites à base de magnésium ou de son hydrure (Mg – 10 % en masse Additifs) afin d’accentuer la corrosion de ces derniers. Nous avons essentiellement focalisé nos efforts sur l’effet des additifs (i.e. Métaux de transition, Carbone et Oxydes) sur la réaction d’hydrolyse. Les tests d’hydrolyse ont été effectués dans une solution contenant 35 g/L NaCl (i.e. eau de mer). Notre stratégie, pour la résolution des problèmes de cinétique d’absorption/désorption (très lentes même à haute température (i.e. 350°C)), est basée essentiellement sur l’application de l’énergie micro-ondes. Notre deuxième objectif est donc l’utilisation des micro-ondes pour déshydrurer plus rapidement l’hydrure de magnésium (MgH2 – C) grâce à une élévation de température très rapide par rapport au procédé conventionnel. On a traité l’effet des irradiations micro-ondes sur la cinétique de désorption de mélange MgH2 – C, la morphologie et les propriétés de la poudre après un traitement micro-ondes. D’autre part, nous avons présenté une perspective possible de l’application des micro-ondes : la production de fines poudres de titane à partir de son hydrure<br>A drastic reduction of emissions requires a partial or a full phase-out of fossil fuels and switch to renewable based energy production. Hydrogen appears to be a potential candidate to replace hydrocarbon fuels for producing clean energy. In this context, production and storage of hydrogen is one of the key challenges in developing the hydrogen economy.The objective of this thesis is to produce hydrogen from Mg-based materials using (i) hydrolysis and (ii) microwaves methods.The first aim of this thesis is to elaborate Mg-based materials with good hydrolysis kinetics and high yield of hydrogen generation (i.e. reducing the formation of the passivation layer on magnesium). For this study, we focalize essentially on the effect of various additives (Transition metals, Carbon or Oxides) on the hydrolysis reaction of Mg-based materials. The mixtures were prepared by ball milling. Chloride solution (3.5 wt. % NaCl, i.e. sea water) was used as reaction medium to beneficiate of chloride ions effect. Our strategy, to solve the problems related to the low absorption/desorption kinetics (even at high temperature (i.e. 350°C) of Mg-based materials, is based on microwaves energy application. Our second goal for this thesis is to investigate the dehydriding reaction of magnesium hydride catalyzed by carbon (i.e.MgH2 – C) under microwave irradiations. We have studied the effects of microwaves on the kinetics of hydrogen desorption, the morphology and sorption properties of Mg powder after microwave treatment. On the other hand, we have presented another microwaves application which appears very promising: production of fine titanium powder from titanium hydride
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17

Neupane, Bhanu. "Excited state electronic structure, excitation energy transfer, and charge separation dynamics in various natural and artificial photosynthetic systems containing zinc and magnesium chlorins." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13105.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Chemistry<br>Ryszard J. Jankowiak<br>This dissertation reports the low temperature frequency domain spectroscopic study of three different natural pigment protein complexes and one artificial antenna system. The main focus of this work is to better understand electronic structure, excitation energy transfer (EET), and electron transfer (ET) dynamics in these systems that could have impact on achieving higher efficiency in future artificial solar cells. In the first part of this dissertation, electronic structure and EET pathways in isolated intact CP43 prime protein complex, which is isolated from Cyanobacterium synechocystis PCC 6803 grown under iron stressed conditions, are investigated using low-temperature absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence excitation, and hole-burning (HB) spectroscopies. This work suggests that, in analogy to the CP43 complex of PSII core, CP43 prime possesses two quasi-degenerate low energy states, A prime and B prime. The various low-temperature optical spectra are fitted considering an uncorrelated EET model. This work suggests that for optimal energy transfer from CP43 prime to PSI, the A prime and B prime state chlorophylls belonging to each CP43 prime should face towards the PSI core. The second part of dissertation reports the photochemical HB study on novel Zinc bacterial reaction center (Zn-RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and its β-mutant (Zn-β-RC). This study shows that ET in the two samples is similar; however, the quantum efficiency of charge separation in the mutant decreases by 60 %. This finding suggests that the coordination state of the HA site zinc bacteriochlorophyll does not tune the active branch ET. Simultaneous fits of various optical spectra using experimentally determined inhomogeneity provides more reliable electron phonon coupling parameters for the P870 state of both RC samples. In the last part of this dissertation, EET in a novel artificial antenna system (ethynyl linked chlorophyll trefoil, ChlT1) is investigated. EET time in ChlT1 is ~2 ps. ChlT1 in MTHF/ethanol glass forms four different types of aggregates, A1-A4. The EET time in A1 and A2 type aggregates slows down only by a factor of 5 and 7, respectively. This study suggests that ChlT1 and its aggregates can be used as efficient antenna systems in designing organic solar cells.
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Alasmar, Eliane. "Systèmes ternaires à base de magnésium : synthèse, structure, propriétés physiques, stockage et/ou production d’hydrogène." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0023/document.

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L’utilisation des combustibles fossiles est responsable de l’augmentation de la concentration en gaz à effet de serre dans l’atmosphère. Parmi les solutions de remplacement envisagées, l’hydrogène constitue un vecteur d’énergie très intéressant. Toutefois, cette solution ne sera envisageable que lorsque les problématiques liées à la production de l’hydrogène et à son stockage seront résolues.Le premier objectif de cette thèse porte sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de composés ternaires à base de magnésium dans le système ternaire TR-M-Mg (avec TR = Terres Rares et M = métaux de transition) qui pourraient être de bons candidats pour le stockage de l’hydrogène. Ces composés pourraient de plus avoir d’autres applications, notamment comme matériaux de structure, du fait de leur très faible densité. La composition NdNiMg15 a fait l’objet d’une étude complète. Cette phase cristallise selon une symétrie quadratique avec a= 10,0602(1) et c= 7,7612(2) Å et un groupe d’espace P4/nmm. Un ordre antiferromagnétique à 9 K est observé et la capacité massique de stockage réversible est de 4 %mass. Cette nouvelle phase a montré un effet durcissant sur le magnésium.Le deuxième objectif de cette thèse concerne la production d’hydrogène par hydrolyse i) des composés ternaires TR-M-Mg qui pourrait être considérée comme une possibilité économique et énergétique pour valoriser les déchets de ces composés et ii) des mélanges ternaires TR-M-Mg élaborés par broyage mécanique. Le broyage a permis la création des défauts favorisant ainsi la corrosion des métaux. De plus, la production d'hydrogène par hydrolyse des composites Mg-NdNiMg15 (70, 80 et 90 %mass. Mg) a été réalisée et comparée à celle du composé NdNiMg15 (64 %mass. en Mg). Le mécanisme de corrosion principal déduit des essais électrochimiques sur les composites est la corrosion galvanique<br>The use of fossil fuels (non-renewable energy) is responsible for the increase of the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Among the considered alternatives, hydrogen is seen as the most attractive energy vector. Production and storage of hydrogen is one of the key challenges in developing the hydrogen economy.The first objective of this thesis deal with the synthesis and characterization of magnesium-based ternary compounds in the RE-TM-Mg ternary system (with RE = Rare Earth and TM = transition metals) which could be good candidates for hydrogen storage. These compounds could also have other applications than the hydrogen storage in the future such as light structured material. The NdNiMg15 compound has been the subject of a completed study. This phase crystallizes with a tetragonal symmetry (a= 10.0602(1) and c= 7.7612(2) Å and a space group P4/nmm). It showed an antiferromagnetic ordering at 9 K and a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 4 %mass. This phase exhibited a hardening effect respect to magnesium compound.The second objective of this thesis concerns the hydrogen production by hydrolysis of i) RE-TM-Mg ternary compounds, which could be considered as an economic and energetic possibility to valorize the waste of these compounds and ii) RE-TM-Mg ternary mixtures prepared by ball milling. The grinding creates defects thus promoting the corrosion of the metals. In addition, the hydrogen production by hydrolysis of the Mg-NdNiMg15 composites (70, 80 and 90 %mass. Mg) was carried out and compared with that of the NdNiMg15 compound (64 %mass. Mg). The main corrosion mechanism determined from the electrochemical measurements of the composites is the galvanic corrosion
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19

Ferment, Olivier. "Retrocontrole du magnesium sur la secretion de l'hormone parathyroidienne et de la calcitonine chez l'homme sain : etude comparee avec le calcium et aspects chronopharmacologiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066090.

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20

Štěpánek, Roman. "Teplotní stabilita Mg-slitiny AZ91 připravené pomocí intenzivní plastické deformace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230220.

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This thesis dealt with thermal stability of magnesium alloy AZ91 prepared by severe plastic deformation, which leeds to fine grained structure. This structure is characterised by its inherent instability and this thesis tries to find out the value of critical temperature and rate of this instability, which manifests as grain coarsening.
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21

Couillaud, Samuel. "Synthèse, structure, propriétés physiques et réactivité vis-à-vis de l’hydrogène de nouveaux composés ternaires à base de magnésium." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14288/document.

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Aujourd’hui, la diminution des ressources d’énergies fossiles corrélée à l’augmentation des besoins et à l’augmentation du taux de CO2 dans l’atmosphère nous poussent à développer de nouvelles énergies.L’utilisation de l’hydrogène comme vecteur énergétique est une solution. En effet, celui-ci est abondant et sa combustion est très énergétique (3 fois supérieure au pétrole). Cependant, son utilisation se heurte à des problèmes de production, de stockage et d’utilisation. Nous nous sommes ici intéressés au problème du stockage de l’hydrogène à l’état solide. Celui-ci permet d’obtenir des capacités volumiques de stockage importantes (environ 140 g/L) mais est freiné par des capacités massiques et des cinétiques de réaction faibles. Le magnésium se présentant comme un bon candidat en terme de capacité massique (7,6 %), nous nous sommes intéressés aux intermétalliques ternaires TR-M-Mg (TR = terres rares, M = métaux de transition). L’objectif était double : conserver la bonne capacité du magnésium et diminuer l’enthalpie de formation de l’hydrure. Le système TR4NiMg (avec TR = Y et Gd) et les solutions solides dérivées ont été étudiées. Un stockage irréversible de l’hydrogène de 2,5% massique ainsi qu’une transition d’antiferromagnétique à verre de spin ont été observés. Un travail plus exploratoire a permis de découvrir deux nouveaux composés riches en magnésium : LaCuMg8 et Gd13Ni9,5Mg77,5. Ils permettent tous deux l’obtention d’un mélange de phases issu de leur décomposition lors de la première absorption. Ce mélange permet une amélioration significative des propriétés de sorption de l’hydrogène par du magnésium<br>Nowadays, the decrease of fossil fuel resources, and the increase of energy requirements and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere induces the development of new energies. The use of hydrogen as energetic vector is a solution. Indeed, it is abundant and its combustion is highly energetic (3 times more than petrol). However, its utilisation is limited by problems of production, storage and use. In this work, we have focused on the problem of solid hydrogen storage. It allows for high volumetric capacity (≈ 140 g/L) but is restricted by low weight capacity and by slow sorption kinetics. Because magnesium is potentially a good candidate according to its high weight capacity (7.6 %wt), we have chosen to work on the ternary compounds RE-M-Mg (RE = Rare earth, M = transition metal). The goal was double: to keep the good capacity of the magnesium and to decrease the enthalpy of formation of the hydride. The RE4NiMg system (with RE = Y and Gd) and the derived solid solutions were studied. An irreversible hydrogen uptake of 2.5% wt and a magnetic properties change from antiferromagnetic to spin glass behaviour were observed.A more exploratory work allowed us to discover two new magnesium rich compounds: LaCuMg8 and Gd13Ni9.5Mg77.5. Both lead to a phase mixture induced by their decomposition during the first absorption. This mixture allows a very significant improvement of the hydrogen sorption properties of magnesium
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22

Trcera, Nicolas. "Etude de la structure de verres magnésio-silicatés : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481945.

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Le magnésium est l'un des quatre éléments majeurs sur Terre. Il est présent dans différentes proportions dans les verres industriels et naturels (jusqu'à 30 poids% dans les komatiites, verres ultramafiques d'âge archéen). Sa présence semble influencer les propriétés physico-chimiques des verres et tout spécialement leur durabilité. Malgré ce comportement, le magnésium a été relativement peu étudié dans les verres et les études précédentes ont conduit à des contradictions sur son environnement (coordinence 4 et 6 par RMN et en coordinence 5 par diffraction des neutrons). Dans le but de lever ces contradictions, l'étude de la structure des verres magnésio-silicatés et de l'environnement du magnésium a été réalisée en utilisant deux méthodes complémentaires : la spectrométrie Raman et la spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X. La spectroscopie Raman permet d'obtenir des informations sur la structure des verres telle que la connectivité du réseau silicaté, la variation des angles Si-O-Si ou la modification de la taille des anneaux de silicium. Plus précisément, les variations de la région des spectres Raman comprise entre 800 et 1400 cm-1 illustrent l'évolution du degré de polymérisation des verres en fonction du taux de magnésium, du taux de silicium et de la nature de l'alcalin modificateur de réseau. La spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X au seuil K du magnésium nous a permis d'accéder à l'environnement spécifique autour de cet ion. Les spectres XANES des verres ont été comparés à ceux de références cristallines contenant du magnésium dans différents environnements (coordinence et nature des voisins notamment). Pour aller au-delà de la méthode dite " d'empreinte digitale ", et extraire des informations structurales pertinentes, les spectres XANES des cristaux et des verres ont été calculés. Les calculs ont été réalisés avec un code basé sur une méthode en ondes planes, dans l'espace réciproque avec l'utilisation de potentiel non muffin-tin. L'utilisation des calculs a permis de mettre en évidence des paramètres structuraux pertinents pour expliquer la position des structures XANES. Pour les verres, les structures initiales utilisées pour les calculs ont été obtenus par dynamique moléculaire classique puis relaxée de façon ab initio. L'environnement du magnésium (coordinence/distorsion) peut varier en fonction de la composition du verre. De ce fait, les interprétations classiquement réalisées des spectres Raman des verres doivent être considérées avec précaution
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23

Pall, Liv. "Stockage de l’hydrogène par des mélanges mécanochimiques à base de magnésium : Étude de composés intermétalliques ternaires à base de bore (structure et essais d’hydrogénation)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14573/document.

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Le but de cette étude était la compréhension des mécanismes de stockage de l'hydrogène etl'amélioration de la capacité de stockage dans (1) le magnésium et (2) les composés intermétalliques àbase de bore.(1) Les poudres de magnésium avec ajout de 10% massique d’oxyde de magnésium ont étébroyées à l'aide d'un broyeur planétaire à billes, par broyage mécanique réactif sous atmosphèred'hydrogène (10 bars) pendant 10 heures, en variant deux paramètres: la vitesse de broyage et le nombrede billes utilisées (i.e., le rapport massique poudre : billes). Il semblerait que les poudres broyées à250rpm en utilisant 17 billes (rapport de 1: 13) présentent des performances supérieures en termes de:taille des particules, contenu en MgH2 après broyage, surface spécifique et cinétiquesd'absorption/désorption de l'hydrogène. Nous avons vérifié que l'oxyde de magnésium a un effet deretardement significatif de la croissance des grains. Le calcul des énergies d'activation et l'étude descinétiques ont montré que l'oxyde de magnésium ne joue pas de rôle catalyseur pour la sorptiond'hydrogène.(2) Les composes synthétisés dans les systèmes ternaires La-MT-B, Gd-MT-B et Y-MT-B (MT=Ni,Fe, Co) ont été étudiés en termes de leur structure cristalline, composition chimique et propriétés desorption de l'hydrogène. La majorité des composés obtenus dans ces systèmes cristallisent avec unestructure type CeCo4B, avec des paramètres de maille proches de ceux du composé GdNi4B. Leremplacement total du Ni par des atomes de Fe et/ou Co est possible, indiquant l’existence d’une solutionsolide totale entre TRNi4B et TRFe4B ou TRCo4B. En outre, le bore est supposé occuper partiellementdeux sites cristallographiques différents, mais l’un seul d'entre eux est principalement occupé par le bore.La nouvelle phase GdNi2,5B2,5 a également été observée dans cette étude pour la première fois. Unephase pseudo-binaire GdB3 a été également reportée. Enfin, il est montré que seul le composé LaNi4Babsorbe l'hydrogène, quoique de manière irréversible<br>The aim of this study was the comprehension of hydrogen storage mechanisms and theimprovement of storage capacity in (1) magnesium and (2) boron based intermetallic compounds.(1) Magnesium powders with 10 wt.% magnesium oxide were milled using a planetary ball mill, byreactive mechanical grinding under hydrogen atmosphere (10 bar) for 10 hours, varying two parameters:the milling speed and the number of balls used (i.e. the powder-to-ball weight ratio). It appears that thepowders milled at 250 rpm using 17 balls (ratio 1: 13) have superior performances in terms of: particlesize, MgH2 content after milling, specific surface area and hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics. Wehave verified that the magnesium oxide has a significant effect on grain growth, delaying it. Calculation ofthe activation energies and study of the kinetics showed that magnesium oxide does not play a catalyticrole for hydrogen sorption.(2) The compounds synthesized in the ternary systems La-TM-B, Gd-TM-B and Y-TM-B (TM=Ni,Fe, Co) were studied in terms of their crystal structure, chemical composition and hydrogen sorptionproperties. Most of the compounds obtained in these systems crystallize with a CeCo4B-type structure,with lattice parameters close to those of the compound GdNi4B. A total replacement of Ni by Fe and/or Cois sometimes possible, meaning that a total solid solution exists between RENi4B and REFe4B or RECo4B.Also, the boron is assumed to partially occupy two different crystallographic sites, although only one ofthese is mainly occupied by boron. The new phase GdNi2.5B2.5 was also observed in this study for the firsttime. In addition, a pseudo-binary phase GdB3 is observed. Finally, it is reported that only the compoundLaNi4B absorbs hydrogen, albeit irreversibly
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Hlavnička, Radek. "Únavové vlastnosti ultrajemnozrnných Mg slitin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231379.

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This thesis deals with the influence of grain refinement by ECAP on fatigue properties of magnesium alloy AZ 91. Tensile and fatigue tests were made on the as-cast state samples and samples after ECAP process. Metallographic analysis of the microstructure and fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces was performed.
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25

Lacovig, Paolo. "Electronic structure, morphology and chemical reactivity of nanoclusters and low-dimensional systems: fast photoemission spectroscopy studies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3685.

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2008/2009<br>L'obiettivo di questa tesi è l'applicazione della spettroscopia di fotoemissione allo studio di nanoparticelle supportate e di sistemi a bassa dimensionalità. Ad una primo periodo dedicato allo sviluppo del rivelatore e del software per un nuovo analizzatore d'energia per elettroni installato presso la linea di luce SuperESCA ad Elettra, è seguita una fase durante la quale ho eseguito una serie di esperimenti mirati ad esplorare le potenzialità del nuovo apparato sperimentale. Il primo risultato ottenuto riguarda la comprensione della relazione che intercorre tra le variazioni della reattività chimica del sistema Pd/Ru(0001) e il numero degli strati di Pd cresciuti in modo pseudomorfico sul substrato di rutenio. La risoluzione temporale raggiunta con la nuova strumentazione ci ha permesso di studiare processi dinamici su una scala temporale fino ad ora inaccessibile per la spettroscopia di fotoemissione dai livelli di core: in particolare abbiamo studiato la crescita del grafene ad alta temperatura sulla superficie (111) dell'iridio e la reattività chimica di nanocluster di Pt supportati su MgO. Nel primo caso abbiamo messo in evidenza come la formazione del grafene proceda attraverso la nucleazione di nano-isole di carbonio che assumono una peculiare forma di cupola. Nel secondo caso siamo riusciti a seguire sia la dinamica del processo di adsorbimento di CO, sia la reazione CO + 1/2 O2 -> CO2 sulle nanoparticelle di Pt depositate su un film ultra-sottile di ossido di magnesio. Infine, abbiamo caratterizzato la morfologia di nanoparticelle di Pd, Pt, Rh e Au cresciute su diversi substrati a base di carbonio, in particolare grafite, nanotubi a parete singola e grafene. Tra i vari risultati abbiamo compreso come l'interazione metallo-substrato dipenda dalla dimensione delle nano-particelle e abbiamo evidenziato il ruolo centrale dei difetti del substrato nei processi di nucleazione e intercalazione.<br>The objective of this thesis is the application of photoelectron spectroscopy for the investigation of supported nanoclusters and low-dimensional systems. After a first stage devoted to the development of the detector and the software for the electron energy analyser installed on the SuperESCA beamline at Elettra, during the PhD project I've performed a series of experiments aimed to explore the capabilities of the new experimental apparatus. One of the first results concerns the understanding of the relation between the modifications in the chemical reactivity of the Pd/Ru(0001) system and the thickness of the pseudomorphically grown Pd overlayer. The temporal resolution achieved with the new experimental set-up allowed us to study dynamical processes on a new time scale, in particular the graphene growth process at high temperature on the Ir(111) surface and the chemical reactivity of Pt nanoclusters supported on MgO. In the former case, we discovered that graphene formation proceeds via preliminary nucleation of dome-shaped C nano-islands. In the second case, we succeded in following both the dynamics of CO adsorption process and the CO + 1/2 O2 -> CO2 reaction on Pt nanoclusters grown on a ultra-thin film of magnesium oxide. Finally, the morphology of Pd, Pt, Rh and Au nanoclusers grown on different carbon-based substrates (namely graphite, single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene) has been characterized. Among the results we report the understanding of the dependence of the metal-substrate interaction on the cluster size and the role of defects in the nucleation and intercalation processes.<br>XXII Ciclo<br>1972
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26

Auffinger, Pascal. "Simulations de dynamique moléculaires d'ARN – Structures et environnements." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00265627.

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Les ARN, seules molécules à la fois informatives et catalytiques, interviennent à tous les niveaux de la vie cellulaire. Pour certaines molécules d'ARN, comme les ARN messagers, la fonction réside dans la séquence. Pour d'autres, comme les ARN de transfert, la fonction réside dans l'adoption et le maintien d'une structure tridimensionnelle compacte. Ces derniers, dits ARN structurés, nécessitent des ions Mg2+ pour maintenir leur structure tertiaire et assurer leur fonction de catalyse. Dans l'équipe d'Eric WESTHOF, de nombreux modèles tridimensionnels de ces ARN structurés, élaborés à partir de contraintes fournies par des méthodes de cartographie chimique en solution et de comparaison de séquences, ont été construits. Ces modèles regroupent l'ensemble des données expérimentales existantes pour un système donné et permettent ainsi de proposer des mécanismes de réaction ou de reconnaissance pertinents. Toutefois, ces modèles ne prétendent pas atteindre la résolution atomique de structures cristallographiques. C'est pourquoi des méthodes de simulations de dynamique moléculaire (DM) sont développées afin d'affiner les structures modélisées et, ultérieurement, de mieux comprendre les relations structure-fonction de ces ARN.<br /> Les progrès récents dans les techniques de simulation de DM réalisés au laboratoire, nous permettent maintenant de simuler la dynamique de molécules de la taille d'un ARN de transfert ou de petits ribozymes avec un degré de précision jusqu'alors rarement atteint. Pour mieux comprendre les fonctions des ARN, qui sont par nature des processus dynamiques, nous utilisons les méthodes de DM pour compléter les informations structurales fragmentaires qui sont disponibles sur l'hydratation de ces ARN et le rôle d'agents structurants (ions monovalents, divalents et anions). En effet, cette connaissance préalable est indispensable pour la compréhension du repliement et de la stabilité de ces ARN. De plus, elle contribuera à la construction de modèles structuraux plus précis. Parmi les systèmes que nous nous proposons d'étudier se trouvent les ARN de transfert ainsi que des fragments d'ARN ribosomaux. Des complexes entre ARN et antibiotiques ainsi que des complexes ARN/protéines sont en cours d'étude.
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27

Halut, Desportes Sabine. "Etude de complexes du MG2+ avec le méthanol et la pyridine par diffraction des rayons X et spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066408.

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Synthèse et caractérisation de differents complexes solides. Structures de MG CH3OH6 BR::(2), (MGPY::(4)CL::(2)), (MGPY::(4)BR::(2))PY::(2) (MG(H::(2)O)::(4)PY::(2))CL::(2), (MG(H::(2)O)::(3)PY::(3)) BR::(2)PY::(2) ET (MG(H::(2)O)::(2)PY::(4))I::(2)PY::(2). Analyse des spectres IR de M(ROH)::(6) X::(2), M(ROH)::(4)X::(2) (AVEC M = MG,CA; R = CH::(3),C::(2)H::(5); X = CL,BR) ET DE MG(PY)::(4) CL::(2) ET M(PY)::(4)X::(2)PY::(2) (M = CA,MG)
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28

Barj, Mohamed. "Etude de la structure statique et dynamique de quelques matériaux à mobilité ionique par spectroscopie de vibration et par diffusion de neutrons." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132024.

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Etude des composés de la famille nasicon et de composés d'insertion type MPS(3), caracterisés par ir et raman. Les barrières de potentiel locales ont été calculées à partir des modes de phonons des ions conducteurs. Les amplitudes quadratiques spéctroscopiques ont été calculées dans les composés MPS(3) purs. Dans le cas des composés nasicon, on a relié la conductivité élèctrique et le désordre statique. Présentation de résultats de chaleur massique et de calculs d'énergie réticulaire à partir de potentiels atome-atomes. Mise en evidence d'une importante diffusion magnétique des ions Cr(3+) dans Na(3)Cr(2)P(2)O(12)
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29

Hernandez, Laura. "Simulations numériques par méthode de Monte Carlo des transitions de phase dans les antiferromagnétiques anisotropes purs et dilués : FeCl2, FeBr2, FexMg1-xCl2." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0006.

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L'interet de l'etude des systemes antiferromagnetiques tres anisotropes s'est sans cesse renouvele au cours des dernieres annees. Soumis a un champ magnetique, les systemes purs presentent un comportement tricritique et les systemes dilues sont une realisation physique du modele d'ising en champ aleatoire. Notre travail comporte deux parties. Dans la premiere, nous utilisons une simulation de monte carlo avec un modele qui prend en compte les caracteristiques essentielles de ces systemes. L'anisotropie, les interactions frustrees et en competition ont ete prises en compte pour chaque reseau. Pour fecl#2, un excellent accord quantitatif est trouve entre la valeur calculee du rapport de la temperature tricritique et de la temperature de neel et sa mesure experimentale. Pour febr#2, nos resultats montrent le caractere non ising de ce compose. Dans la seconde partie, nous appliquons notre modele au systeme dilue fe#xmg#1##xcl#2. Nous avons realise une etude systematique pour x=0. 9, 0. 8 et 0. 7. Des simulations de refroidissement (fc) et rechauffement (fh) sous champ et de montees et descentes de champ ont ete effectuees. Des irreversibilites dans les cycles fh-fc ont ete trouvees en accord avec l'experience. La forme des domaines magnetiques associes a ete etudiee. Nous montrons l'existence d'un point tricritique et son evolution avec la concentration. Enfin, nous avons analyse la possibilite de l'existence d'une phase verre de spin, a tres basse temperature et haut champ: nous montrons qu'aucune ligne critique n'existe pas dans cette region
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Frankland, L. "Interpretation of fp-shell nuclei, '5'3Mn and '5'3Fe." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367331.

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31

Шевека, Олена Ігорівна. "Електронні властивості парамагнітних центрів пов’язаних з марганцем в титанатах магнію". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/41243.

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Актуальність теми: Останнім часом у люмінофорах червоного світіння домішку марганцю було запропоновано у якості більш дешевої альтернативи небезпечним рідкоземельним домішкам, що зазвичай використовуються у цих люмінофорах. Але, на жаль, фторидні сполуки, необхідні як сполучна речовина для марганцю, призводять до забруднення навколишнього середовища, оскільки в процесі виготовлення використовується концентрована флуоридна кислота. В свою чергу титанати магнію з центрами люмінесценції, пов’язаними з марганцем, є екологічно-чистими люмінофорами червоного світіння, що не містять рідкоземельних елементів та фтору. Тому вивчення електронної структури домішки Mn, що відповідає за люмінесцентні властивості титанатів магнію, є актуальною задачею для подальшого застосування цих матеріалів при виготовленні світлодіодних приладів, які імітують природне сонячне світло. Об’єкт дослідження: керамічні зразки MgTiO3:Mn та Mg2TiO4:Mn з концентрацією Mn 0.1%, отримані шляхом змішування порошків MgO та TiO2, додаванням водного розчину MnSO4 та подальшого відпалу за 1200С в атмосфері кисню. Предмет дослідження: електронні властивості парамагнітних центрів, пов’язаних з марганцем, у керамічних зразках титанату магнію, легованих марганцем. Мета роботи: встановлення електронної структури парамагнітних центрів, пов’язаних з марганцем, у керамічних зразках титанату магнію, легованих марганцем та аналіз отриманих даних. Методи дослідження: електронний парамагнітний резонанс. Задачі дослідження: провести аналіз літератури за темою: «Електронні властивості парамагнітних центрів, пов’язаних з марганцем, в титанатах магнію»; методом електронного парамагнітного резонансу (ЕПР) встановитиелектронні властивості парамагнітних центрів, пов’язаних з марганцем, у керамічних зразках титанату магнію, легованих марганцем. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів: Встановлено, що концентрація парамагнітних центрів, пов’язаних з марганцем, вища у MgTiO3, ніж у Mg2TiO4. Встановлено, що парамагнітний центр Mn2+ (S = 5/2), має короткі часи спінової релаксації, та уточнено параметри його спінового Гамільтоніана у керамічних зразках MgTiO3. Виявлено температурну залежність параметра розщеплення в нульовому полі D для іонів Mn2+ у MgTiO3, яку було пояснено коливаннями гратки, застосовуючи модель Дебая. Виявлено парамагнітний центр, пов’язаний з марганцем, який може бути віднесений як до заборонених переходів від Mn2+, так і до іонів Mn4+ (S = 3/2) у MgTiO3. Практичне значення одержаних результатів: Отримані результати мають важливе значення для розуміння природи світловипромінюючих центрів у титанатах магнію та їх подальшого застосування при створенні світлодіодів. Отримані параметри спінового Гамільтоніана для домішки марганцю мають важливе значення для подальших теоретичних розрахунків, зокрема визначення просторового розподілу електронної хвильової функції марганцю у MgTiO3.<br>Actuality: Recently, manganese impurity in the red-emitting phosphors has been proposed as a cheaper alternative to the hazardous rare-earth impurities commonly used in these phosphors. But, unfortunately, fluoride compounds, necessary as a binder for manganese, lead to environmental pollution, since concentrated hydrofluoric acid is used in the manufacturing process. Magnesium titanates with luminescence centers associated with manganese, in turn, are environmentally friendly red luminophores that do not contain rare-earth elements and fluorine. Therefore, the study of the electronic structure of the Mn impurity, which is responsible for the luminescent properties of magnesium titanates, is an actual task for the further use of these materials of LED devices that simulate natural sunlight. The object of research: ceramic samples of MgTiO3:Mn and Mg2TiO4:Mn with a Mn concentration of 0,1%, obtained by mixing MgO and TiO2 powders, adding an aqueous solution of MnSO4 and further annealing at 1200C in an oxygen atmosphere. The research subject: electronic properties of paramagnetic centers associated with manganese in ceramic samples of magnesium titanate doped with manganese. Purpose of work: determination of the electronic structure of paramagnetic centers associated with manganese in ceramic samples of magnesium titanate doped with manganese and analysis of the data obtained. Research methods: electron paramagnetic resonance. Research tasks: to analyze the literature by the topic: "Electronic properties of paramagnetic centers associated with manganese in magnesium titanate"; to establish the electronic properties of paramagnetic centers associated with manganese in ceramic samples of magnesium titanate doped with manganese using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. The novelty of the research: It was found that the concentration of paramagnetic centers associated with manganese is higher in MgTiO3 than in Mg2TiO4. A paramagnetic center Mn2+ (S = 5/2) with short spin relaxation times was revealed.The parameters of its spin Hamiltonian in ceramic MgTiO3 samples were found. The temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting parameter D for Mn2+ in MgTiO3 was revealed, which was explained by lattice vibrations using the Debye model. A paramagnetic center associated with manganese was revealed, which can be attributed either to forbidden transitions from Mn2+ to Mn4+ (S = 3/2) in MgTiO3. The practical significance of the obtained results: The obtained results are important for understanding the nature of light-emitting centers in magnesium titanates and their further application in the development of light-emitting diodes. The obtained spin Hamiltonian parameters for the manganese impurity are important for further theoretical calculations. In particular, for the determination of the spatial distribution of the electron wave function of manganese in MgTiO3.
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Berthold, Rico. "Strukturell komplexe intermetallische Verbindungen im System Al-Mg-Zn." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-155096.

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Die Elemente Al, Mg und Zn sind wichtige Komponenten für leichte und hochfeste Legierungen, wie die Al- oder Mg-Knetlegierungen. Darüber hinaus ist das Al-Mg-Zn-System sehr interessant, weil vier ternäre komplexe intermetallische Phasen, genannt τ1, τ2, Φ und q, darin vorkommen. Die aktuellen experimentellen Phasendiagramme des Al-Mg-Zn-Systems enthalten nur provisorische oder keine Homogenitätsbereiche der Φ-, τ2- und der q-Phase aufgrund unzureichender experimenteller Daten. Ziel der Arbeiten war es, die Homogenitätsbereiche der q-, τ2- und der Φ-Phase neu zu ermitteln und die Kristallstruktur der Φ-Phase zu bestimmen. Proben wurden durch Schmelzen und Wärmebehandlung in Ta-Ampullen oder durch Zentrifugieren aus der Schmelze hergestellt und durch XRD, SEM, EDXS, WDXS und DSC charakterisiert. Während der Neuuntersuchung der Al-Mg-Zn Phasengleichgewichte in der Nähe des Teilsystems Mg-Zn und nahe bei τ1 wurde eine Reihe von neuen ternären Phasen entdeckt. Die Kristallstrukturen für die Φ-Phase (Pbcm, a = 8,9374 (2) Å, b = 16,812 (3) Å, c = 19,586 (4) a) und drei der neuen intermetallischen Verbindungen wurden gelöst und die Kristallstruktur des τ2 Phase wurde erneut untersucht. Während τ2 (Pa-3, a = 23,034 (3) Å) ein Approximant der ikosaedrischen quasikristallinen Phase q ist, erwies sich eine der neuen Phasen (τd, Imm2, a = 5,2546 (2), b = 40,240 (2), c = 25,669 (1) Å) als dekagonaler Approximant. Überraschenderweise wurde eine Phase (Fd-3m, a = 27,5937 (9) Å) gefunden, die isotyp zu der binären Phase β-Al3Mg2 ist, aber eine Zn-reiche Zusammensetzung hat<br>The elements Al, Mg and Zn are major components for a large number of light and high strength alloys, such as the Al-based alloys of the 7xxx series. In addition, the Al-Mg-Zn system has attracted much interest because four complex metallic alloy phases, called τ1, τ2, Φ and q are formed as ternary intermetallic compounds. The current experimental phase diagrams of the Al-Mg-Zn system contain only provisional or no homogeneity ranges of the Φ phase, τ2 phase and the q phase due to insufficient experimental data. The aim of the work was to redetermine the homogeneity ranges of the q, τ2 and the Φ phases and to determine the crystal structure of the Φ phase for a reliable data set. Samples were prepared by furnace-controlled melting and annealing in Ta ampoules or by centrifugation from the self-flux and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDXS, WDXS and DSC. While reinvestigating the Al-Mg-Zn phase equilibria in the vicinity of the subsystem Mg-Zn close to τ1, a number of new ternary phases were discovered. Single phase material could be obtained for the known Φ and τ2 phases and for four new intermetallic compounds. The crystal structures for the Φ phase and two of the new intermetallic compounds were solved and the crystal structure of the τ2 phase was reinvestigated. While τ2 (Pa-3, a = 23.034(3) Å) is an approximant of the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase q, the Φ phase (Pbcm, a = 8.9374(2) Å, b = 16.812(3) Å, c = 19.586(4) Å) and one of the new phases (Imm2, a = 5.2546(2), b = 40.240(2), c = 25.669(1) Å) turned out to be decagonal approximants. Surprisingly, we have found one phase (Fd-3m, a = 27.5937 (9) Å) isotypic to the Samson’s phase β-Al3Mg2 at Zn rich composition
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33

Verdier, Marc. "Étude de la restauration statique dans des alliages aluminium-magnésium." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0213.

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Dans ce travail nous avons etudie experimentalement l'evolution des microstructures et des contraintes internes au cours de la restauration des alliages al-mg. Nous avons etudie une large gamme de deformation par laminage a froid et une gamme de temperature de recuit de restauration qui nous ont permis de degager les grands mecanismes du processus ainsi que les evolutions microstructurales associees. Au niveau microstructural, nous avons employee des techniques traditionnelles telle que la microscopie electronique en transmission, ainsi que des mesures originales de l'evolution de l'energie stockee par calorimetrie, de la resistivite electrique, et de l'elargissement des pics de diffraction par rayons x. Ces dernieres techniques permettent de caracteriser au niveau mesoscopique les microstructures de dislocations. Parallelement, les proprietes mecaniques des alliages ont ete caracterisees avec des essais de traction (mesure de la limite d'elasticite et du durcissement d'ecrouissage), ainsi que par des tests de mise en forme (emboutissage et anisotropie de la limite d'elasticite des toles laminees). La modelisation des resultats experimentaux permet d'aborder des questions de fond de la plasticite: nous avons ainsi verifie la loi reliant la contrainte d'ecoulement a la racine carree de la densite de dislocations quelle que soit la microstructure. Pour decrire la restauration statique, nous avons mis en evidence l'importance du rayon de coupure des interactions elastiques qui constitue une grandeur mesoscopique pertinente pour decrire l'organisation des dislocations. Enfin une esquisse de l'approche du phenomene de restauration statique par le developpement d'une simulation numerique 3d des dislocations est donnee
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34

Lefebvre, Dominique. "Hexagallates de lanthanide pour matrices laser et substrats d'épitaxie : élaboration, étude cristallographique et spectroscopique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066415.

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Différentes méthodes de cristallogenèse de la MgGa 11O 19 sont testées, notamment l'élaboration par tirage Czochralski. Affinement structural confirmant la structure de type magnétoplombite du composé. Substitution ionique permettant d'accroitre les paramètres cristallins du composé étudié en vue de son utilisation comme support pour la croissance d'hexaferrites alcalinoterreux. Détermination du domaine schématique de composition des aluminogallates La1-xNdxMgGa11O19. Étude des propriétés optiques du néodyme par réflexion diffuse, RPE et fluorescence.
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35

Poloprudský, Jakub. "Struktura a mechanické vlastnosti materiálů na bázi hořčíku zpracovaných metodou HPT." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400834.

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This thesis is focused on processing of pure magnesium by high pressure torsion method (HPT). This process belongs to the group of intensive plastic deformation methods (SPD). SPD methods are in the centre of scientific interest for several decades. Theoretical part of this thesis puts an effort to summarize basic knowledge and principles of SPD methods with extra focus on method HPT. As theoretical part continues magnesium as technical material is presented. Influence of SPD on use and properties of pure magnesium is then presented. This trend is further developed in effort to describe the effect of individual HPT process variables on the properties of pure magnesium and its alloys. Focus of practical part of this thesis is in influence of number of revolutions. Samples were processed at 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 4 and 8 turns at room temperature. Speed of process was 1rpm and applied pressure was 6 GPa. The structure of commercially pure magnesium prepared by casting and moulding were observed with focus on differences caused by input material. The structure was observed by both light microscopy and back scattered electron diffraction (EBSD), focusing on structure development, grain size and grain orientation. Compared to other works on similar topic, the emphasis here is on observing the microhardness on the vertical edge of the sample. The hardness shows a steep increase right after 1/8 of a turn. With increasing number of turns gradual homogenization of microhardness is presented accompanied by slight decrease in microhardness. No trend in microhardness relative to the distance from anvil has occurred. Structure observed with EBSD shows a bimodal character with larger grains oriented in the same direction. The three-point bending test didn’t end up as expected, and the approach to evaluation of magnesium-based HPT needs to be re-evaluated for future work. A three-point bending test was designed for the initial assessment of the basic mechanical properties of the material.
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36

Ewald, Bastian. "Borophosphate der Haupt- und Nebengruppenmetalle: Synthese, Charakterisierung und Strukturchemische Klassifizierung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1165332117390-21543.

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Es werden neue Erkenntnisse über Borphosphat und Borophosphate der Haupt- und Nebengruppenmetalle vorgestellt. Neben Hydrothermalsynthesen und Feststoffreationen, die üblicherweise zur Synthese von Borophosphaten angewendet werden, haben insbesondere die solvothermalen Experimente mit Alkoholen bzw. Alkohol-Wasser-Mischungen zu neuen Ergebnissen geführt. Es wurden neue Borophosphate und Borat-Phosphate in den Systemen MxOy–B2O3–P2O5(–H2O) (M = K+, Rb+, Mg2+, Sc3+, Pr3+, Sm3+, In3+) dargestellt, weitere Verbindungen enthalten neben Mg2+ weitere Kationen der Haupt- und Nebengruppenmetalle (Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn). Darüberhinaus gelang die Darstellung bislang unbekannter Scandium- und Lanthanphosphate(III) sowie von sauren Alkalimetall-Scandiumphosphaten(V). Aus Synthesen in Gegenwart von Ethylendiamin und Diazabizyklooktan wurden ferner zwei neue templatierte Scandiumphosphate mit porösen Gerüststrukturen erhalten. Die Kristallstrukturen aller Verbindungem wurden rötgenographisch anhand von Einkristallaufnahmen oder Pulverdaten aufgeklärt. Die Charakterisierung der Präparate erfolgte mit Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie, EDX- und Elementaranalysen sowie durch Schwingungsspektroskopie und thermische Stabilitätsuntersuchungen. Zur Klassifizierung von (Metallo)borophosphaten wird eine Struktursystematik vorgeschlagen, welche Borophosphate und Metalloborophosphate entsprechend ihrer anionischen Teilstrukturen hierarchisch klassifiziert und in Analogie zur Terminologie der Silikate (nach Liebau) beschreibt. In Anlehnung an bestehende Konzepte für Boratminerale geht das Klassifizierungsschema dabei von einfachen Oligomeren aus. In einer struktursystematischen Übersicht wurden alle bis dato bekannten (Metallo)Borophosphate hierarchisch klassifiziert und sind in einer Übersicht vorgestellt. Beobachtete Verknüpfungsregeln und der Einfluss der Zusammensetzung B:P auf die Dimensionalität und die Verknüpfungsmuster der anionischen Teilstruktur werden diskutiert.
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37

Ramos, Aline. "Nucleation et croissance cristallines dans un verre sio::(2)-al::(2)o::(3)-li::(2)o : etude par microscopie electronique a haute resolution et absorption des rayons x." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066504.

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Etude des premieres etapes de la cristallisation dans un verre du systeme sio::(2)-al::(2)o::(3)-li::(2)o(mgo) dans lequel de faibles quantites de titane et de zirconium sont introduites comme elements nucleants
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38

Kwapień, Karolina. "Active sites for methane activation in MgO and Li doped MgO." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16497.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation präsentiert eine detaillierte quantenchemische Untersuchung der H-Abstraktion von Methan durch MgO und Li dotiertes MgO. Motiviert wurde die durch das UniCat-Excellenz-Cluster, welches sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, die oxidative Kupplung von Methan (OCM) im Detail zu verstehen. Basierend auf der Hypothese, dass Li+O•– Spezies für den H-Abstraktion Schritt verantwortlich sind, wurden kleine kationische MgO- und Li dotierte MgO-Cluster (die O•– Sites modellieren) untersucht. Zur Erstellung von möglichst realen Gasphasen-Modell-Systemen, wurde die globalen Minima der Gasphasencluster mittels eines genetischen Algorithmus bestimmt. Zum Vergleich wurden auch die Strukturen von neutralen MgO-Cluster bestimmt, um eventuelle strukturelle Unterschiede zu erkennen. Anschließend wurden die optimierten Cluster in Bezug auf ihre Eignung zur C-H-Bindungsaktivierung von Methan untersucht. Die Verwendung von kleinen Cluster-Größen ermöglicht es, die Reaktion im Detail zu studieren und verschiedene Methoden der Berechnung zu vergleichen. Die Ergebnisse für die kleinen Cluster wurden anschließend mit realistischeren Modellen verglichen, die eine genauere Beschreibung der Li dotierten Oberflächen ermöglichen, wie zum Beispiel non-embedded und embedded-Cluster und slab Modelle. Unerwartete Ergebnisse für die Betrachtung der Li+O•– Spezies haben zur Untersuchung von zusätzliche Arten von Defekten in MgO (wie niedrig koordinierten O2-Seiten, O-Leerstellen mit unterschiedlicher Ladung und Verunreinigungen) geführt, die als aktive Zentren in OCM fungieren können. Insbesondere wurden morphologische Defekte und verschiedene Arten von F Zentren untersucht. Die Aktivierung von Methan an defekten MgO-Oberflächen wurde innerhalb eines Cluster-Ansatzes untersucht und durch periodische Berechnungen mittels periodic slab models verifiziert. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit vorhandenen experimentellen Daten verglichen.<br>This work presents a detailed quantum chemical (mostly DFT) study of H abstraction from methane by MgO and Li doped MgO. It is motivated by the UniCat effort to understand the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). Based on the hypothesis that an Li+O•– species is responsible for the H abstraction step in OCM small cationic MgO and Li doped MgO clusters (which model O•– sites) were investigated. Because we were interested in real gas phase model systems the global minimum structures of (MgO)n+ and LiO(MgO)n-1 clusters were first determined (by means of genetic algorithm) and then used in subsequent reactivity studies. To check if there are any structural differences between neutral and cationic MgO clusters the neutral species were studied as well. After structure determination, the activation of methane by the O•– radical sites was investigated. The small cluster sizes enabled to study the reaction in detail and to compare different methods of calculations. The results were verified by comparison with more realistic models that mimic Li doped MgO surface, like non-embedded and embedded clusters and slab models. However, unexpected results for the Li+O•– sites led to the consideration of additional types of sites in MgO that may be active for OCM – such as low-coordinated O2- sites, O vacancies with different charge and impurity defects. In particular morphological defects and different types of F centers were investigated. Methane activation by defective MgO surface was studied by a cluster approach and then followed by periodic calculations on periodic slab models. The results were compared to existing experimental data.
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Pavard, Sybille. "Texturation de massifs supraconducteurs Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+x) avec ajout de MgO." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10029.

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Ce travail a ete consacre a la texturation, par solidification sous champ magnetique et forgeage, de massifs supraconducteurs bi2212 avec ajout de mgo dans le but d'obtenir de fortes densites de courant critique jc. La texturation de massifs bi2212, obtenue par orientation preferentielle de l'axe c selon la direction du champ magnetique applique lors de la solidification, a tout d'abord ete demontree par des caracterisations microstructurales et supraconductrices. Ce procede a ete ameliore par ajout de poudre mgo a la poudre initiale : celui-ci apporte une tenue mecanique au materiau a haute temperature. Cet ajout augmente le degre de texturation induit par le champ magnetique, ameliore la connexion entre plaquettes, reduit le taux volumique des phases residuelles, et induit la presence d'inclusions submicroniques riches en mgo au sein de la matrice. Ces observations ont permis d'expliquer la nette amelioration des proprietes supraconductrices obtenues par ajout de mgo, en particulier : une meilleure tenue sous champ magnetique du jc, une augmentation d'un facteur 2. 5 du jc a 77 k, et un doublement des champs d'irreversibilite. Une etude par diffraction des neutrons a montre le fort degre de texture present dans tout le volume des echantillons. L'association du forgeage a la solidification sous champ magnetique des massifs bi2212/mgo ameliore cette texture. L'application d'une contrainte uniaxiale a chaud apres la solidification sous champ a permis d'augmenter le jc et les champs d'irreversibilite des massifs bi2212/mgo textures. Par une etude des recuits sous atmosphere controlee de ces massifs bi2212/mgo textures, un jc superieur a 1900 a/cm#2 a 77 k a ete atteint. L'ajout de mgo et la texturation par solidification sous champ magnetique suivie d'un forgeage ont permis d'obtenir des massifs bi2212 textures dont les jc a basses temperatures atteignent les valeurs observees dans les rubans et les multifilamentaires : 165 ka/cm#2 a 4 k.
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40

Bette, Sebastian. "Über basische Chloride des Nickel(II) und Magnesiums : Strukturen, Phasenbildung und Löslichkeit." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-207718.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Phasenbildung im ternären System Ni(OH)2-NiCl2-H2O systematisch untersucht. Die basischen Nickel(II)-chlorid Phasen NiCl(OH), Ni2Cl(OH)3, NiClx(OH)2-x, Ni3Cl2+x(OH)4-x ∙ 2 H2O mit x = 0,26; 0,48; 0,82 und Ni3Cl2+x(OH)4-x ∙ 4 H2O mit x = 0,10 konnten phasenrein hergestellt und deren Kristallstrukturen mittels hochauflösender Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie aufgeklärt werden. Die so erhaltenen strukturellen Daten wurden durch Anwendung von IR-und Spektroskopie, UV/VIS-Spektroskopie, SQUID-Messungen, Thermoanalysen und temperaturaufgelöster in-situ Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie als komplementäre Methoden bestätigt. Weiterhin konnte eine allgemein anwendbare Routine zur Beschreibung der Diffraktionseffekte stapelfehlerbehafteter Schichtverbindungen für das Programm TOPAS entwickelt werden. Die Bildung und Stabilität der basischen Nickel(II)-chlorid Phasen in wässriger Nickel(II)-chlorid Lösung wurde systematisch bei 200°C und 25°C über Zeiträume von zwei Jahren untersucht und Löslichkeitsdaten ermittelt. Des Weiteren erfolgte die Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung von Magnesium Oxid und basischen Magnesiumchlorid Phasen mit wässrigen nickelhaltigen Magnesiumchlorid Lösungen. Hierbei konnte die Mischkristallbildung zwischen analogen basischen Magnesium- und Nickel(II)-chloridphasen beobachtet werden. Es wurde festgestellt, dass basische Magnesiumchloride und Magnesiumoxid ein gutes Rückhaltevermögen für gelöstes Nickel aufweisen und dass ein Zutritt von gelöstem Nickel weder die Pufferwirkung noch die Beständigkeit der basischen Magnesiumchlorid Phasen beeinträchtigt.
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41

Abbali, Zineb. "Etude de la cristallisation de ferrites spinelles dans des verres borates." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376110731.

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42

Hliwa, Mohamed. "Traitement simplifie des interactions moleculaires en chimie quantique." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30038.

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Calculs ab initio sur le systeme hautement degenere cr h: mise en evidence d'un fort couplage entre etats ioniques et neutres et analyse des fonctions d'onde dans une description diabatique. Proposition d'une methode perturbative pour calcul des energies de dispersion entre un systeme versatil a (decrit dans une grande base) et un systeme quasi passif b (traite a l'approximation en coeur gele et caracterise par sa polarisabilite); calcul scf + ci de (a + b gele), du champ electrique exerce par a sur b, et de ses fluctuations, a l'aide d'un hamiltonien effectif; application a l'etude des courbes de potentiel des premiers etats excites des molecules diatomiques de ar avec na, k ou mg. Emploi de la theorie des pseudopotentiels et des potentiels modeles pour le calcul de potentiels impulsifs d'atomes inertes transferables a des systemes moleculaires; a partir de ces potentiels, calcul d'energies de dispersion applicable a la spectroscopie d'atomes alcalins en matiere de gaz rare
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43

Soudan, Patrick. "Etude des proprietes electrochimiques de nouveaux oxydes et bronzes de type m yv 2o 5 prepares par voie sol-gel et utilisables comme electrodes positives d'accumulateurs au lithium." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066625.

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Ce travail se situe dans le cadre de l'amelioration des performances des materiaux cathodiques pour accumulateurs au lithium. La synthese sol-gel est utilisee ici pour obtenir des composes de type m yv 2o 5 : un bronze hexagonal cs 0. 3 5v 2o 5 et des oxydes mixtes orthorhombiques m 0. 1 6v 2o 5. 1 6 (m 2 + = mg 2 +, mn 2 +, ni 2 +) et m 0. 1 1v 2o 5. 1 6 (m 3 + = al 3 +, cr 3 +, fe 3 +, ga 3 +, la 3 +). Leurs proprietes electrochimiques et structurales sont etudiees vis a vis de l'insertion du lithium. Dans une premiere partie sont mises en evidence les differences majeures entre v 2o 5 et les oxydes mixtes. La presence de cations divalents limite les deformations structurales qui se produisent pour x > 1 dans li xv 2o 5, alors que les ions trivalents al 3 +, cr 3 +, ga 3 + et la 3 + les empechent totalement. Le gain de capacite en cyclage par rapport a v 2o 5 sol-gel est de 10% pour le groupe m 0. 1 6v 2o 5. 1 6 et de 25% pour le groupe m 0. 1 1v 2o 5. 1 6. La deuxieme partie est consacree a l'oxyde mixte cr 0. 1 1v 2o 5. 1 6 qui est le plus performant. L'etude structurale sur electrodes des materiaux li xcr 0. 1 1v 2o 5. 1 6 pour 0x2 revele un comportement de type monophase, qui se distingue de l'apparition successive des phases , , et du systeme li xv 2o 5. Les mesures cinetiques indiquent un changement important de morphologie pour x > 1, avec une diminution d'un facteur 10 de la longueur du chemin de diffusion. L'obtention d'un materiau reduit par traitement sous ar/h 2 constitue une nouvelle voie de synthese par rapport au compose vo 2(b) nanocristallin mentionne dans la litterature, et offre une capacite specifique aussi elevee. Dans la troisieme partie est etudiee l'insertion electrochimique du lithium dans le bronze cs 0. 3 5v 2o 5. La premiere etape correspond au remplissage des 0. 65 sites 2c et 4e vacants et la deuxieme acheve la reduction du vanadium v. Une mise en forme du materiau est observee en cours de cyclage entre 1. 8 v et 4. 2 v, conduisant a une augmentation de la capacite specifique de 25%.
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44

Pouget, Stéphanie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence de la dilution sur les propriétés magnétiques de composés isolants frustrés." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0039.

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Nous avons principalement etudie le systeme ferromagnetique heisenberg-3d frustre cdcr#2#(#1##x#)in#2#xs#4, dans la limite des faibles dilutions x. La structure des phases ferromagnetiques et verre de spin reentrante a ete exploree par diffraction de neutrons et mesures d'aimantation macroscopiques. Les resultats s'interpretent dans le cadre d'un modele inhomogene du systeme de spins. Par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles, spectrometries trois-axes et d'echo de spin, nous avons caracterise le comportement critique statique et dynamique des composes x=0 et 0. 05. Cette etude a revele la pertinence de la dilution et ainsi un des effets de la frustration qui est de porter le systeme dans la limite des forts desordres. Nos resultats suggerent l'existence de deux comportements statiques differents du compose cdcr#1#. #9in#0#. #1s#4, de part et d'autre de t#c, concernant la dynamique, nous avons mis en evidence une evolution non monotone du temps de relaxation en fonction du moment transfere, pour des valeurs de celui-ci tres inferieures a l'inverse de la longueur de correlation, et voisines de l'inverse de la distance moyenne entre impuretes in#3#+. La derniere partie de ce travail est consacree au systeme frustre ising-3d fe#1##xmg#xbr#2. Les mesures de la dispersion des ondes de spin pour differentes directions du moment transfere nous ont permis de preciser le modele des interactions d'echange pour le compose febr#2. Nous avons etudie la transition de phase para-antiferromagnetique pour les deux valeurs de la dilution x=0 et 0. 1. Les resultats sont interpretes dans le cadre d'une theorie classique de champ moyen
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45

Chen, Tzung-Shian, and 陳宗賢. "Application of magnesium-lithium alloy on folding e-bike structure." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19453504005734346462.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>101<br>In this research, magnesium-lithium alloy (Mg-Li alloy) was introduced into the frame of folding e-bike. The material of Mg-Li alloy was firstly applied on light-weighting structure for vehicles. The frame was designed with the help of finite element method (FEM). It is found that optimizing the geometric outline with improved the moment of inertia can make up for the Young’s modulus of Mg-Li alloy, which is considered to be lower than other alloys used on bike. Also, the stiffness and the strength will be examined to check if it reaches the regulation of standard. Implementing aluminum alloy AL6061-T6 in the frame of Mg-Li alloy, the weight can be reduced by 25%, under the condition that the outline and stiffness are the same on both frame. Comparing the frame to others under the same loading, Mg-Li alloy has the edge on stiffness, strength, and weight. The progress is remarkable to implement Mg-Li alloy and new design method. The material is expected to be widely applied on structure of vehicles in order to save more resources.
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46

Leduc, Evelyne Marie Sylvie. "Hydrated Sodium-Magnesium Sulfate Minerals Associated with Inland Saline Systems." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6046.

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Hydrated sodium-magnesium sulfate minerals are common in many continental evaporite settings around the world. The crystallization sequence of these minerals depends on such parameters as the composition of the parent brine, the temperature, the evaporation rate of the brine, and the differences in the atomic structure and water content of the minerals. The atomic structures of konyaite [Na2Mg(SO4)2·5H2O] and sodium-magnesium decahydrate [Na2Mg(SO4)2·10H2O], a newly described sulfate salt, have been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The refined structures are discussed and compared to that of blödite [Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O]. The arrangement and importance of hydrogen bonds within all three structures are also discussed, and have been further investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Löweite [Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O] was included in this experiment to provide a low-hydration end-member. Differences in water content and the importance of hydrogen bonds in the respective structures were clearly reflected in the generated infrared spectra. The growth conditions of the decahydrate, konyaite, blödite, löweite, and other phases of the Na2O-MgO-H2O system, as well as their stability relationships, were studied in a temperature-controlled crystal-growth experiment. Konyaite and the decahydrate phase were found as first precipitates over a range of temperatures and brine compositions where they are not considered to be the thermodynamically stable phase. The importance of evaporation rate in the formation of these, and other metastable phases, is discussed in relation to inland saline systems. Possible localities where the decahydrate could exist in nature are discussed, and challenges for future research are presented.<br>Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-16 09:02:33.843
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47

cheng, young chang, and 楊承璋. "the structure strength and growth mechanism of az91d magnesium alloy conversion coatings." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69088341662823358236.

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碩士<br>大葉大學<br>車輛工程學系碩士班<br>93<br>As result of the development of technology and consumers’ demands, the designs of new products become smaller and lighter, also the fully functional outfits are equipped. In addition, due to the prosperity of environmental protection, the lightness of transportation vehicle, reducing the emission of pollution, and the consideration of increasing the fuel efficiency, the use of lightening material gradually attracts attentions nowadays. In recent years, the prosperity of information industry has leaded to the significant use of light-materials which mainly refer to magnesium, aluminum and titanium. Among these materials, magnesium alloys will be the dominated material because of its excellent characteristics including low specific density, high specific strength and rigidity, good thermal conductivity, high damping capacity and electromagnetic interference, etc. However, magnesium alloys exists high activity, low electrochemical potential behaviors which will oxidize easily. It is necessary applying appropriate surface treatment to prevent corrosion. In this study, AZ91D magnesium alloy is used as experimental material. Meanwhile, permanganate and phosphate conversion coatings, which are widely used for surface treatment in industries, are adapted to have fundamental discussions. The operation parameters studied included the solution temperature and immersion time, used OM, SEM (EDS) and XRD to observe the surface morphology of coatings and analyze the chemical composition. Normally, products would follow-up coating after conversion treatment, thus, conversion coating plays the role of corrosion resistance in a short time. In the last, using adhesives to do the adhesion test and obtain the shear strength of conversion coatings directly. Obeying these data, we can judge the capability of adhesion and wear resistance. From experimental results shown that the surface cracks of permanganate conversion coatings were amorphous, and the thickness and weight increased with increasing immersion time. However, the coating of phosphate conversion is non-crystal layers and randomly distributed. The size of surface product grows with immersion time increased and the morphology without change apparently. In the aspect of shear strength, at 60℃and 80℃permanganate conversion specimens, the coating strength increased after 10 minute immersion time which is due to the dense MgO structure formation. However, in phosphate conversion treatment, the strength do not show apparently changed under various operation conditions. The fracture surface always occurs between adhesives and base metal or at the interface of adhesives and coatings. Overall, the non-crystal phosphate conversion coating exist better shear strength than permanganate coating. This result illustrate phosphate coating with regard to follow-coating layer has better adhesion ability, also can provide better corrosion resistance protection.
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48

Simpson, Darren John. "A study of the surface structure and reactivity of metal oxides in solution." 2003. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/80885.

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49

Wang, Chun-Kai, and 王俊凱. "Structure and Property Characterization of Mechanically Alloyed Magnesium Nickel Hydrogen Storage Alloy Powders." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31715902802636154935.

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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>材料科學所<br>92<br>Among various ways for hydrogen storage, metal hydrides have the advantages of relatively small volume, low pressure, and safety. The A2B-type Mg2Ni intermetallic compound exhibits high hydrogen storage capacity, low weight, and low cost, and thus is potential candidate among the metal hydrides. However, its low reaction rate limits the practical application. In this study, MgNi, Mg2Ni, and (Mg2Ni)100-xTix (where x=0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10), starting from elementary powder mixtures were mechanically alloyed. The as-milled powders at different milling stages were examined by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, etc. The experimental results showed that after 15 hours of mechanical alloying treatment the MgNi as-milled powders contained Ni, Mg2Ni, and amorphous phases. While, the Mg2Ni 15h as-milled powders consisted of Mg, Ni, Mg2Ni, and amorphous phases. It is also noted that the amorphous phases will be recrystallized under prolonged milling. In addition, the hydrogen absorption properties of 15h as-milled Mg2Ni powders were examined by kinetics curves, P-C-T curves, and TGA/DTA thermal analysis. The experimental results showed that the hydride formation heat of milled powder is -63.5 kJ/mol H2 and the hydrides decompose at 220 oC, that is better than the reported values. In the (Mg2Ni)100-xTix compositions, titanium elements dissolved into Mg2Ni matrix and the 15h as-milled powders were made up of different ratios of Mg, Ni, Mg2Ni and amorphous phases. For the hydrogen storage characterization, the additions of titanium improved the hydrogen absorption rates. Under 350 oC, the maximum and reversible hydrogen capacities of (Mg2Ni)95Ti5 were 3.88 and 3.01 wt.%, while those of Mg2Ni powders were 3.14 and 2.4 wt.%, respectively. The (Mg2Ni)97.5Ti2.5 and (Mg2Ni)95Ti5 powders did not show clearly the hydride-decomposition temperature. The decomposition temperatures of (Mg2Ni)92.5Ti7.5 powders decreased to 203 oC, as compared to 220 oC of Mg2Ni, but increased to 243 oC for (Mg2Ni)90Ti10 powders.
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50

CHEN, CHIN-WU, and 陳勁吾. "Investigation of copper and magnesium oxide superlattice in the magnetic tunnel junctions structure." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32046631805327284228.

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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>材料科技研究所<br>104<br>In this study, super lattice magnetic tunnel junctions (SLBMJT) is used to change metal thickness of non-magnetic Cu, and to investigate its magnetic properties. Alternating Gradient Magnetometer (AGM) is applied to analyze magnetic properties. In addition, we observed microstructures through physical property measurement system (PPMS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). We found free layer Co40Fe40B20 adds its coercive force about 6 Oe with thicker Cu, and fixed layer Co80Fe20 is also affected, whose coercive force comes to 347 Oe from 251 Oe. In different temperature conditions, hysteresis loop is measured and found that with lower temperature, the coercive force of Co40Fe40B20 is gradually increasing; the coercive force of Co80Fe20 declines because of Cu. In the structure of SiOx/Ta/Ru/Ta/CoFe/Cu (0-4.0 nm)/MgO, we found coercive force has the tendency to decline while annealing temperature raises. Under HRTEM, the crystalline state of unannealed super lattice MgO is amorphous; but appeals crystallized through annealing.
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