Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structure ouverte de carbone'
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Mohammadhosseini, Ali. "A search for optimal structure of carbon-based porous adsorbents for hydrogen storage : numerical modeling approach." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4736.
Full textThe main goal of research presented in this thesis has been a search for optimal carbon-based porous structure capable to achieve the hydrogen storage capacity defined by US Department of Energy (DOE) for mobile applications at room temperature by adsorption at medium-level pressures below 120 bars. The hydrogen is assumed to be stored in a tank filled with adsorbents to be used in transport application, mainly fuel-cell driven vehicles. The known carbon-based adsorbents have low storage capacity. Therefore in this work, I have defined the basic parameters which are responsible for the capacity deficiency of such materials. Special attention has been paid to local pore geometry of adsorbents. I have investigated the pore local structure of carbon-based adsorbents and I present the basis of design and hydrogen adsorption capacity in three-dimensional architecture of new carbon frameworks, a promising class of potential hydrogen storage materials that have not been studied so far. Apart from maximizing the density of hydrogen taken up by this family of structures, I have aimed at characterization of this new category of adsorbents. This is hoped to lead to a guidance how their physical properties can be designed, or `tuned', to optimize their storage properties, and the obtained results seem to achieve this aim and thus provide a good basis for future research
Baliteau, Sébastien. "Etude et réalisation d'un capteur potentiométrique à dioxyde de carbone en configuration ouverte." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10113.
Full textSensors based on NASICON functions out of differential between an electrode sensitive to O2 and another sensitive to CO2 and O2. The response does not depend any more of the oxygen partial pressure. Each element of the sensor (reference electrode, solid electrolyte and sensing electrode) was separately studied with physical and electrical characterizations to select best materials. Screen-printing method was retained among several electrode deposit to test the influence on the response of the sensors. For the sensing electrode (Na2CO3/BaCO3), the compositions having a barium carbonate rate of 25% or 0% ended in satisfactory results on sensitivity. The influence of the reference electrode composition was studied for differents values of the Na2Ti3O7/Na2Ti6O13 ratio. Only the composition 55%-45% in mass gave place to a sensor with thermodynamic behavior, with experimental slopes and standard potentials close to the theoretical values until partial pressures of about 100 Pa. The oxygen has an influence on the response only for the low temperatures. An interference of the water vapor was observed on the standard potential value whatever the temperature, without modification of the sensitivity. The nitric oxyde did not change the response of the sensor. A model of response time limited by the gas diffusion in electrode material was proposed. The planar technology led to thermodynamic sensors only for partial pressure above 10-3 bar
Bageac, Daniel. "L'innovation ouverte dans un contexte organisationnel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1065.
Full textThis thesis studies the changes in the organizational structure determined by the implementation of open innovation. Specifically, we consider the changes in the deep and formal structure of a firm. We study these changes in nine firms by using primary data collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary data consisting of firms’ annual reports and journal articles. Our results consist of a new definition of inbound open innovation, a proposition of a contingency model of open innovation at firm level and a deep understanding of the way open innovation impacts the firm. The definition of inbound open innovation we propose emphasizes three main aspects : the integration the openness of innovation into the firm’s formal innovation strategy and the systematic and frequent use of collaborations with various actors in the innovation process
ZAMITI, MERIEM. "Structure optimale des reserves de change pour un petit pays a economie ouverte." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0047.
Full textIn this study, we consider the problem of the selection of the optimal currency basket to wich a small country should peg its exchange rate. To analyze this problem requires the introduction of some optimality criterion wich we take to be the stabilization of the elasticity-weighted real effective exchange rate about its equilibrium. The analysis is based on the work of lipschitz and sundararajan (1980). However we revise and extend their analysis by taking into account the effects of the correlations between exchange rate and price mouvements on the stability of the real effective exchange rate. Moreover, after having analyzed the relevance of the purchasing power parity as a reference norm for the real exchange rate, we defined another norm relative to wich it would be better to stabilize the real effective exchange rate. We determined then the nominal exchange rate wich must be used to reach the real exchange rate target. The results show that lipschitz and sundararajan's solution is sub-optimal. It also show that a trade-weighted basket is not in general optimal. We described the conditions under wich a single currency peg is recommanded
Serpaggi, Fabien. "Composés de terres rares à charpente ouverte : synthèse hydrothermale, structure et propriétés optiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998VERS0018.
Full textBendiab, Nedjma. "Structure et vibrations des nanotubes de carbone intercalés." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20050.
Full textMusadji, Neil-Yohan. "Structure et dynamique du carbone mobile dans le sol." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2329/document.
Full textOrganic matter (OM) content influences soil physical and chemical properties and its microbial activity. OM, particulate or dissolved, plays a key role on climate changes. Exogenous organic matter amendments are used to tackle the various problems associated with the decrease in soil carbon content. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), involved in main mechanisms of preservation and / or degradation of organic matter is however only scarcely taken into account in the study of such amendments. The main objective of this study was to better characterize the DOM present in the surface horizons of a soil. The percolating waters collected from 2006 amended plots (150 t/ha of green waste and bio-waste compost) and reference plots are characterized by global and molecular techniques (fluorescence spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, themochemolysis, GC/MS). Size and polarity of DOM molecules change depending on seasons and depths. These analyses reveal exogenous organic carbon sequestration. DOM study is thus part of the quality soil indexes
Zambon, Adrien. "Modèles chimiques du nitrure de carbone graphitique : lien structure-propriétés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV024/document.
Full textGraphitic carbon nitride (gCN) is an organic semi-conductor which has lately attracted a lot of attention when its photocatalytic properties were highlighted for water splitting. It has been recently shown to be based on the heptazine core, but its three-dimensional structure remains elusive. This is first due to its poor solubility which prevents the use of classical characterization techniques, and second to the fact that changes in synthesis experimental conditions (precursors, temperature…) yield different materials. The synthesis of tailored and well-defined molecular models would therefore certainly be of great interest to better understand the structure-properties relationship of this material. This is the aim of the work presented in this manuscript. The reactivity of cyameluryl chloride, a monomeric precursor, has been studied, and a protocol for a quantitative selective substitution by aliphatic secondary amines has been determined. The use of deprotonation by a strong base or thermal treatment yielded two dimers and one linear trimer. The oligomers have been characterized by several technique (X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR, UV-vis absorption, emission, electrochemistry), and the obtained data were in close agreement to the ones observed in DFT. As a rule of thumb, a decrease of the electronic transition energies is observed for an increasing chain length. The application of extrapolation methods to the experimental data suggests that oligomers are relevant molecular models for gCN
Vallerot, Jean-Marie. "Matrice de pyrocarbone : propriétés, structure et anisotropie optique." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12875.
Full textPopescu, Virgil. "Modelisation et conception de matrices de melangeurs en structure ouverte destinees a l'imagerie focale millimetrique et submillimetrique." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066667.
Full textDragin, Fabienne Christelle. "Structure et propriétés électroniques de nanotubes de carbone en solution polyélectrolyte." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20189.
Full textBattaglia, Stefano. "Applications de structure électronique et dynamique moléculaire des nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30341.
Full textCarbon nanotubes (CNTs), firstly synthesized in 1991, have shown great promise on a wide range of areas and are a current topic of research, both on a theoretical and experimental level. In this thesis, molecular properties of short CNTs as well as possible applications exploiting them as hosting systems were investigated by means of ab initio and molecular dynamics calculations. Single units of zigzag CNTs, namely cyclacenes, have been hypothesized more than 50 years ago. With the successful synthesis of CNTs, the interest in such systems and other types of carbon nanobelts has considerably increased, although their experimental realization has not been achieved yet. Therefore, predicting the molecular properties, the prospective applications and possibly providing important insight for the synthesis process based on theoretical approaches is of major interest. Notwithstanding, the challenges associated to cyclacenes are not only experimental, as previous theoretical works show controversial results about the electronic structure of this system. In this thesis, several electronic properties were derived analytically within the tight-binding approximation, providing asymptotic results at the thermodynamic limit for the total position spread tensor and the polarizability. The tight-binding trends were assessed by high level ab initio calculations, finding a good agreement between both methodologies. One major issue related to cyclacenes is the description of the electronic configuration of their ground state. By studying a wider range of system sizes, the polyradical character of the ground state was found to increase for increasing system size whereas the opposite trend was found for the singlet-triplet energy gap. Polynitrogen clusters have been suggested as environmentally friendly high energy-density material due to their particular bond energetics and their decomposition pathways into molecular nitrogen. However, their stability at ambient conditions is particularly poor, making their storage a major problem. An attempt to solve this challenge and stabilize polynitrogen systems is to confine them in nanomaterials. The encapsulation inside CNTs of different nitrogen clusters was studied by ab initio calculations.[...]
Meraj, Asghar. "Conception de mélangeurs en structure ouverte et optimisation d'antennes à lentille substrat pour les domaines millimétrique et submillimétrique." Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0109.
Full textAlexandre, Christophe. "Coriolis : une plate-forme ouverte pour l'évaluation de flots de conception VLSI fortement intégrés." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066124.
Full textBousige, Colin. "Structure et dynamique de systèmes unidimensionnels modèles : les nano-peapods de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771820.
Full textMaatouk, Amira. "Étude de la croissance des nanotubes de carbone catalysée par le fer." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788329.
Full textLopez, Fernandez José Antonio. "Récepteur à structure ouverte incorporant des jonctions supraconductrices sur une antenne log-périodique plane à 180 et 305 GHz." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10029.
Full textBourrat, Xavier. "Contribution à l'étude de la croissance du carbone en phase vapeur : études des noirs conducteurs par microscopie électronique, RPE et modélisation fractale." Pau, 1987. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287362.
Full textCaramaro, Laurence. "Cristallisation du polysulfure de phénylène en présence de fibres de carbone : application à des composites unidirectionnels PPS-carbone." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10184.
Full textPoulain, Mathieu. "Structure et dynamique du carbone organique dans les milieux aqueux : relations sédiment-eau." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2338.
Full textThe aim of this study was to characterize organic matter from water and sediment phases of two kind of ponds: natural ponds and water retention ponds. This characterization has been made at molecular level with the study of four biomarkers and at macromolecular level with the study of humic substances. Analytical methods in two or three steps (SPE, derivatization and GC/MS analysis) have been developed for biomarkers study. Biomarkers distributions have enabled to determine free molecules origins. Humic substances from water are more aromatic than those coming from sediment. All these humic substances are composed of polysaccharide, protein and aromatic structures. With the study of humic substances we can only distinguish each kind of pond whereas with the study of biomarkers we can differentiate each pond individually
Yang, Jian. "Etude de la synthèse et des structure-propriétés de copolyester-carbonates biorésorbables." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13506/document.
Full textA series of homopolymers such as poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and various copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of appropriate monomer feeds using zinc lactate or stannous octoate as catalyst. Their thermal properties, hydrolytic degradation, enzymatic degradation, mechanical properties and shape memory behavior were investigated by using DSC, NMR, SEC, ESEM, DMA and Instron tensile instrument. Among the various polymers, copolymers of trimethylene carbonate and DL-lactide (PTDLA) can be degraded not only by pure hydrolysis, but also by proteinase K. PTDLA composed of the same TMC and LA contents is highly elastic, Tg acting as the switch temperature between temporary and permanent shapes. PTMC cannot be degraded by pure hydrolysis or by proteinase K, but can be degraded by lipases from Candida Antarctica or Hog Pancreas. The biocompatibility of PLLA, PTMC, PCL, PTLLA, PTDLA and PTCA was evaluated from haemolysis experiments, platelet adhesion, MTT assay and cell culture. The results showed that all the polymers present outstanding haemolytic and anti-coagulant properties, and good cellular adhesion, spreading and proliferation
Allouche, Hatem. "Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur de carbone sur substrats nano-filamentaires (nanotubes de carbone)." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30229.
Full textKalantzis, Yannick. "Structure sectorielle et fragilité financière dans les économies émergentes." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001997.
Full textArzelier, Marie-Pierre. "Impact d'un choc exogène sur la structure productive d'une petite économie ouverte : le cas de pays en développement exportateurs de pétrole." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2A002.
Full textMiaudet, P. "Structure et propriétés de fibres de nanotubes de carbone à haute énergie de rupture." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583652.
Full textWolff, Siegfried. "Renforcement des élastomères et facteurs de structure des charges (noir de carbone et silice)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376107684.
Full textColombet, Jean-François. "Activité catalytique de quelques oxydes de structure pérovskite pour l'oxydation du monoxyde de carbone." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612955t.
Full textColombet, Jean-François. "Activité catalytique de quelques oxydes de structure pérovskite pour l'oxydation du monoxyde de carbone." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10531.
Full textWolff, Siegfried. "Renforcement des élastomères et facteurs de structure des charges : noir de carbone et silice." Mulhouse, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MULH0051.
Full textMARAVAL, CELINE. "Correlation structure/proprietes mecanique et electrique de composites conducteurs structuraux polyepoxy-polypyrrole/tissu carbone." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30047.
Full textMiaudet, Pierre. "Structure et propriétés de fibres de nanotubes de carbone à haute énergie de rupture." Bordeaux 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583652.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of polymer/carbon nanotube composite fibers with original properties. They particularly exhibit a very high toughness, potentially useful for future ballistic applications. Indeed, their ability to absorb energy is the most important ever observed for a material. This property is linked with composite structure of the fibers, which is closer from the natural fibers one like spider silk, than from usual high performance synthetic fibers one. This manuscript presents studies about the influence of structural modifications on mechanical, electrical and thermo‐mechanical properties of the fibers, which highlighted new properties, such as shape and temperature memory effect. We hope that the fundamental results obtained in this work will help for the development of several and various applications, particularly in the field of textiles and protection materials
Grillard, Fabienne. "Structure et propriétés de fibres composites polymère-nanotubes de carbone obtenues par voie fondu." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14577/document.
Full textThis thesis reports the study of the properties and structure of carbon nanotube / polymercomposite fibers obtained by melt spinning. By contrast to most fibers produced by thistechnology, the fibers produced in this thesis are electrically conductive. The conductivityproperties are studied as a function of various parameters including temperature andmechanical stress. It is shown that fiber drawing induced by the process leads to a relativetranslation of the nanotubes relative to each other and to a loss of electrical contacts. Ananalytical model accounts for this phenomenon and reproduces the experimental results.Polymer-nanotube fibers exhibit also particularly original thermomechanical properties suchas shape memory effects that are controllable by the programming process. Surprisingly, thefibers have a temperature memory reflected by a peak of the generated stress at thetemperature at which the materials has been programmed. These effects have beendemonstrated for various types of deformations including elongation and torsion. Althoughthese effects are governed by the properties of the polymer, it is shown that the introductionof nanotubes provides significant improvements of the thermomechanical properties
Joly-Pottuz, Lucile. "Nanoparticules lubrifiantes à structure fermée." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jpottuz.pdf.
Full textAdditives with tribological action (MoDTC and ZnDTP) used at present are organic molecules containing sulphur and phosphorous. For environmental reasons, it is important to reduce or eliminate the presence of these two elements in oil. In this study, we are being interested in nanoparticles with closed structure (spherical, cylindrical) as potential substitutes of these additives. Their size, nanometric, enables them to enter easily the contact and their structure, closed, confers a great chemical inertia to them. Fullerenes of MS2 show very good friction reducing and anti wear properties. Their lubrication mechanism is based on the release of hexagonal MS2 sheets in the contact area. Tribological properties of carbon nanotubes depend on several parameters (number of wall, presence of catalyst). A structural modification of nanotubes inside the contact area is necessary
Chalvet, Vincent. "Conception, réalisation et commande d'un microrobot numérique, planaire, non-redondant et en technologie MEMS." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913321.
Full textKaplan, Benjamin. "Synthèse, structure et propriétés électrochimiques de matériaux d'électrodes pour accumulateurs lithium-ion." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066195.
Full textDupuis, Grégory. "Etude de la précipitation des sulfures et des carbosulfures dans les aciers à très bas carbone stabilisés au titane." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-263.pdf.
Full textCulem, Claudy. "Performances à l'exportation, structure industrielle et compétitivité dans une petite économie ouverte à la dérive: le cas de la Belgique, 1970-1980." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213455.
Full textNanot, Sebastien. "Structure de bandes et transport électronique dans les nanotubes de carbone sous champ magnétique intense." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453517.
Full textLopes, Selvati Ana Carolina. "Confinement d’oligomères π-conjugués dans des nanotubes de carbone mono-feuillets : intéractions, dynamique et structure." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT262.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the study of the encapsulation of photoactive molecules within single wall carbon nanotubes. The confinement effect on vibrational, structural and interactions between host and guest is studied as a function of nanotube size. The first part of the manuscript is dedicated to the confinement of dimethyl quaterthiophene within carbon nanotubes. Vibrational dynamics for the encapsulated molecules is studied coupling neutron scattering and DFT simulations. Interactions molecule/nanotube, in terms of energy transfer and charge transfer are studied combining photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies. The nature of charge transfers depends on the size of the nanotube. For small diameters (>1,1nm) a photoinduced charge transfer is obtained when the excitation wavelength matches the absorption of the molecule. The second part of the manuscript focuses on the structural organization of encapsulated phthalocyanine molecules. This work combines neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy experimental studies at room and high pressures. Structural studies are discussed together with molecular dynamics simulations
Gobé, Valérie. "Matière organique complexe du sol ; structure et rôle dans les processus d'humification du carbone xénobiotique." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2316.
Full textRogeon, Hervé. "Influence de la gestion des sols sur la structure et la dynamique du carbone organique." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Rogeon-Herve/2010-Rogeon-Herve-These.pdf.
Full textCarbon dioxide sequestration in plant and carbon storage in soil and biomass could be considered as a complementary solution against the increase in concentration of gases responsible for climate change. The aim of this work is to understand the mechanisms of organic matter stabilization in the deepest horizons of soils. The influence of landuse, minerals and amendment with organic matter (compost) on the carbon dynamic has been studied. Four soils representing different landuses (grassland, forest and arable soil) were characterized. The organic matter decreases in amount with depth and becomes more refractory. The relatively high amount of organic matter in deep horizons is probably related to the strong presence of clays and to the low biological activity. The different vegetations seem to influence strongly the quantity of soil organic carbon while affecting slightly its quality. Indeed, the structural study of organic matter shows weak differences whereas the amount of carbon and lipids are more important in arable soil. The study of organomineral associations revealed that the bacterial contribution is more important in fine fractions. Amendment with organic matter of an arable soil affects the biological activity and improves its structural stability. The distribution of the different forms of organic matter has been modified and the presence of molecules originating from the compost in lipids and humic substances show an incorporation of exogenous carbon
Nanot, Sébastien. "Structure de bandes et transport électronique dans les nanotubes de carbone sous champ magnétique intense." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/625/.
Full textElectronic transport measurements in individual multiwall carbon nanotubes under pulsed magnetic field (60T) are presented in this PhD thesis. The purpose is to observe modulations of the electronic dispersion by the magnetic field. High quality nanotubes are contacted with short distances between contacts. This allows to reach quasi-ballistic and slightly diffusive transport regimes occurring mainly on the outer wall. Transistor configuration enables to modulate the charge carrier energy (Fermi level) through many subbands by an electrostatic potential ("a gate"). In order to clarify the contribution of innermore shells, a spectroscopic Raman study is first presented. A strong variation from wall to wall of the intensity of charge transfer between successive shells is unraveled. The study under magnetic field of nanotubes with semiconducting and metallic outer wall is then presented. When the magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the axis of the nanotube, the onset of propagating Landau states is unveiled. This induces modulations of resonance conditions in an electronic Fabry-Pérot type regime, closing of the energy gap in a semiconducting shell and reintroduction of backscattering in a metallic one. This last effect comes with a pinning of the Fermi level to the Landau one gathering at zero energy under high field. Those results are in agreement with theoretical models taking into account an homogeneous disorder. Finally, the Aharonov-Bohm effect under many periods and many subbands is observed when the field is parallel to the axis of the nanotube. The metallicity of the outer wall and the correspondence between the gate voltage and the charge carrier energy are obtained by comparing the experimental conductance oscillations with a model obtained in the perfect case. To describe further the magneto-fingerprints, transmission lowering at the contacts and due to defects are qualitatively considered
Gandil, Morgane. "Propriétés magnéto-optiques de nanotubes de carbone individuels suspendus." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0647/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of the intrinsic magneto-optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes through time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Measurements are performed on suspended nanotubes samples at the single-object level using a home-built confocal optical microscope with a large numerical aperture (NA = 0.95) operating at cryogenic temperature (down to 2K) and high magnetic field (up to 7T). The evolution of the photoluminescence spectra and decay signals with increasing magnetic fields shows the influence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect on the two lowest-energy singlet excitons, namely the ground exciton which is optically inactive (dark exciton) and an exciton lying a few millielectron volts higher in energy which is optically active (bright exciton). A model of these results based on rate equations and including the Aharonov-Bohm coupling between these two excitons enables to determine separately the excitons lifetimes and to derive quantitative information on the energy relaxation from the photo-excited higher levels. The energy relaxation following the photo-excitation of the S22 transition leads to a bright state population efficiency four times lower than that of the dark state, but it significantly increases when energy relaxation occurs from the KK’ excitonic levels. Thanks to a good signal to noise ratio, the photoluminescence spectra also reveal the presence of an intrinsic zero-field coupling between the dark and the brightexcitons, as well as an excitonic mobility preserved at liquid helium temperature in suspended nanotubes
Le, Guludec Erwan. "Influence d’additifs et des conditions de sulfuration sur la structure et l’activité de catalyseurs d’hydrotraitement." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2096.
Full textThe influence of additives and sulfidation conditions on the amount and nature of sulfided phases of hydrotreatment catalysts were investigated. The methodology consisted in the comparison of catalytic activities to the quantification of sulfide phases. The catalytic activities were measured in hydrodesulfidation of thiophene and hydrodenitrogenation of the 2,6-dimethylaniline and the amount of sulfide phases were measured by adsorption of carbon monoxide followed by Infrared spectroscopy. Three additives were studied under standard conditions of sulfidation: phosphorus, ethylene diamine and 1,5-pentanediol. These additives leads to different effects: (i) the addition of phosphorus increases the amount of sulfide sites without modification of their intrinsic activity; (ii) that of ethylene diamine increases the amount of sulfide sites and their intrinsic activity; (iii) that of pentanediol leads to the formation of a high amount of sulfide sites and impacts their intrinsic activity according to the formulation of the catalyst. Additionally, a new method of characterization of the sulfide phases genesis based on the reactivity of carbonyl sulfide evidences that pentanediol slows down the formation of MoS2 and CoMoS phases. Finally, the study of industrial condition sulfided catalysts shows that after such a sulfidation, the nature of sulfide sites and their intrinsic activities are strongly different from those obtained after gas phase sulfided catalyst
Schmidt, Martin Peter. "Propriétés physiques des alliages amorphes hydrogénés silicium-carbone." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112251.
Full textThis thesis analyses the deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon-carbon thin film alloys from glow-discharge in silan methane mixture. At low power density, methane is not decomposed directly by electron impact, but only by chemicaly reactions with reactive silane species resulting from silane decomposition. This régime allows the reproducible preparation of materials with low carbon content << 20%> with a density of states at the Fermi level comparable to standard a-Si:H. The carbon is incorporated into the the films as methyl group, which perturbs only slightly the local order of silicon atoms, as shown by photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy. When the methane content of the gas phase approaches 100 %, the deposition rate drops, and the carbon content in the films is limited to 35 - 40 %. The optical properties of this materials depend almost exclusively on the carbon content, unlike in the case of high power deposition. They can be represented by a simple two - band model in which the band structure is condensed into one single parameter, the average pag . This parameter can be computed from dispersion curves of the refractive index. The DOS in the conduction and valence band is deduced from X ray absorption and emission spectra. Our results show that the average gap is close to the energy separation between the first peak in the conduction and valence band DOS ; both parameters increase with carbon content. The increase in the optical gap can therefore be associated to a scaling of the whole band-structure. Above 20% of carbon in the solid, deviative properties are found. They correspond to a change in carbon incorporation scheme (network incorporation via Si-CH -Si units)
Mallet, Philippe. "Analyse multiéchelle de carbones pyrolytiques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2738/.
Full textPyrocarbons are polyromatic- graphenic- materials obtained by CVD / CVI and are often used as an interphase or as a matrix in C / C composites for the aerospace industry ans the production of brakes, rocket nozzles etc. . . Although not limited to this application domain, this example shows that their mechanical properties and heat resistance are qualities that it is essential to determine and predict. For this purpose, accurate material identification is needed to create a database linking the description of materials to their properties. The work of this thesis is focused on describing the structure (crystallographic point of view), nanotexture (degree of both perfection and order of grapheme layers within anisotropic domains), and texture (extension and relative arrangement of anisotropic domains) of a specific class of these materials, namely laminar pyrocarbons (wich include three kinds of them, known as 'rough', 'smooth' and 'regenerated'). It is mostly based on two major techniques wich are Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, completed by X-ray diffraction. The section dedicated to Raman spectroscopy shows a study of the evolution of the various bands characteristic of the material (typically, the G band, generated by the lattice vibrations, and the D band, which is generated by defects) and their respective contributions (areas A or intensities I) as the ID/IG ratio which depends on both the exciting wavelength and the average crystallite size determined by neutron scattering and X-ray diffraction. This work shows that, in particular for small crystallite sizes (< 6 nm), a further contribution to the D band intensity at the same spectral position appears. In comparison to previous works, this innovative approach can account perfectly for the experimental observations recorded for various excitation wave lengths ranging from ultraviolet, to visible, and then to infrared. To complete this study, a series of pitch cokes was studied and shows, consistently with the pyrocarbons, a linear relationship between the width of the G band and the crystallite sizes the latter are less than ˜10nm. The section dedicated to the transmission electron microscopy utilizes a methodology previously developed and validated at CEMES for the quantified multi-scale characterization of another type of pyrocarbons, namely isotropic, spherulitic pyrocarbons has been used for the first time for the characterization of laminar pyrocarbons. By using several modes of the electron microscopy (electron diffraction with selected area diffraction, dark field images, lattice-fringe images), it was possible to evaluate qualitatively and/or quantitatively the structural and nano-textural respectively and to discriminate between the various pyrocarbons studied. This work has also highlighted the limitations of the methodology for its application to the peculiar type of the materials studied
Leblond, Sylvain. "Structure des isotopes de bore et de carbone riches en neutrons aux limites de la stabilité." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2058.
Full textThe unbound nuclei 18B and 21C have been studied in an experiment undertaken at the RIBF-RIKEN using the recently commissioned SAMUARI spectrometer and NEBULA neutron array. The two systems were probed using single-neutron and single and two-proton knockout from secondary beams of 22C, 22N, et 23O respectively in the case of 21C and 19B, 19C and 20N for 18B. The invariant mass spectra were reconstructed from the momentum of the fragment (17B, 20C) and neutron. In order to interpret the results a complete simulation of the experimental setup was utilised. The analysis procedures as well as the calibrations were verified through a measurement of the well-known ground state of 16B. In the case of 18B three states were observed: an s-wave virtual state (as < -50 fm), an l=2 resonance at Er =0. 77 +- 0. 09 MeV and an l=0 resonance at Er = 1. 6 +- 0. 6 MeV. These results suggest that the low-lying level structure of 18B is governed by a competition between the neutron 2s1/2 and 1d5/2 configurations. In the case of 21C resonances were observed at Er = 0. 8 +- 0. 15 MeV (l = 0) and Er = 1. 5 +-0. 1 MeV (l=2), a result which confirms predictions of an inversion of the 5/2+ and 1/2+ levels. Finally an analysis of the momentum distributions for 18B and 21C produced in single-neutron knockout was carried out. The results indicate that the valence neutrons 19B and 22C are in mixed (2s1/2)2 and (1d5/2)2 configurations
GRAYER, VALERIE. "Structure, morphologie et transitions de phase cristal / cristal des copolymeres ethylene / monoxyde de carbone strictement alternes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13095.
Full textDuprat, Anne-Marie. "Relations structure-activité catalytique pour l'oxydation du monoxyde de carbone dans des manganites mixtes de type spinelle et perovskite." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30052.
Full textChambon, Pierre. "Elaboration de particules de polyuréthane à structure cœur-écorce en dispersion organique et dans le dioxyde de carbone supercritique." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12953.
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