Dissertations / Theses: 'Structure sociale – Rome'

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Lanfranchi, Thibaud. "Les tribuns de la plèbe au début de la République romaine (494-287 avant J. -C. ) : histoire et historiographie." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010593.

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L'étude de la production intellectuelle consacrée aux tribuns de la plèbe démontre que, si cette fonction fit l'objet de nombreux travaux, les tribuns retinrent moins l'attention pour la période la plus ancienne de leur histoire. Refusant cette approche fonctionnaliste, ce travail souhaite réinterroger la place des tribuns, à Rome, aux deux premiers siècles de la République à partir d'une étude prosopographique (494-287 avant J. -c. ). Nous proposons de considérer que, contrairement aux idées reçues, les tribuns de la plèbe furent d'origine majoritairement non-romaine et d'un niveau social plutôt élevé. Ce constat permet de les rattacher à des gentes tribunitiennes et explique pourquoi, confrontées aux tentatives de fermeture du patriciat durant la première moitié du V' siècle, elles se servirent du tribunat pour résister. Un examen précis de l'action des tribuns et de la législation qu'ils furent amenés à promouvoir le confirme. Leurs dispositions normatives eurent une influence considérable sur les évolutions du système politique et social romain et participèrent de l'édification de la République dite classique. Enfin, l'examen des reconstructions historiographiques à leur sujet démontre la non univocité de l'image des tribuns. Si les stéréotypes classiques qui en font des démagogues et des factieux sont bien présents dans les sources antiques, il y existe aussi une vision positive faisant d'eux des personnages conciliants et constructifs. La combinaison de ces deux types de caractérisation témoigne, indirectement, du rôle important qu'ils jouèrent sous la haute République tout en illustrant les tentatives de l'historiographie antique pour le masquer. Cela conduit à reconsidérer le processus de développement des institutions républicaines romaines.

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Park-Curry, Pamela Susan. "Honors student role-identity : social structure, self structure, and role performance /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487594970653463.

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Kanpol, Barry. "The role of teachers in the social order /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487327695622054.

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Owens, Richard Wilson. "The impact of African American grandparents involvement/ role in family structure: a content analysis study of professional social science journals." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2977.

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The purpose of this dissertation was threefold. First, this researcher identified and critically examined selected characteristics of professional social science journal articles related to African American grandparents; the level of their involvement/role (arbiter for parent-child conflict, bearer of family history, caretaker/ childrearing, emotional gratification, gift giving, passing traditions/values and role modeling). Secondly, this researcher identified and evaluated selected characteristics (race, gender, university affiliation and academic degree) of all authors associated with articles chosen for this dissertation study to determine who were writing these articles. Finally, a content analysis exploring direction of inclusion or exclusion of grandparents and scope of literature and research related to the dissertation as discovered in articles of professional social science journals covering a 16-year study period. Survey research and content analysis techniques were utilized to examine relevant articles in professional social science journals in a pool of 12,082 articles for the study period. Implications for counseling African Americans and Black family research are included. Limitations inherent in this study were that (1) relevant journal articles may have been overlooked because the authors used terms in their title or text which 'were related to African American grandparents but were unknown to the researcher; (2) the researcher assumed that descriptive data were necessary to analyze study journals and authors as well as to provide an analysis of the direction and scope of literature and research; and (3) a total of three (3) years of study journals were unavailable to the researcher which altered the number and percent of pages and articles pertaining to African American grandparents issues. Directions for future study conclude this investigation.

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Erragne, Aude. "Les petits métiers à Rome de la fin de la République romaine et du Haut-Empire : définitions, structures et localisation dans la ville." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20029.

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Cette recherche a pour objectif de réaliser un tableau des petits métiers urbains de Rome entre la fin de la République et le Haut-Empire. Les sources privilgiées sont épigraphiques parce qu'elles constituent un apport fondamental à la connaissance d'un groupe social comme les artisans romains. D'autres sources peuvent les compléter fructueusement comme l'archéologie, l'iconographie, la littérature. Un corpus d'inscriptions, pour la plupart funéraires, a été constitué grâce aux indices du CIL et de l'Année épigraphique. Une première partie est consacrée à l'étude de la structure des métiers et s'attache à aboutir à une définition la plus précise et la plus juste possible en confrontant tous les termes relevés dans notre corpus avec des textes littéraires et des vestiges archéologiques. Elle révèle une grande spécialisation du mode de production artisanal. Une deuxième partie envisage la topographie de l'artisanat dans l'Urbs, ce qui nous apprend que les professionnels sont présents partout dans la Ville, en particulier dans les espaces animés, le centre-ville, la proximité des momuments publics (temples, théâtres en particulier), où la foule des clients permet aux artisans de vendre leur marchandise. Enfin, une troisième partie analyse les modes de vie des artisans romains, en prenant en compte leur statut juridique, leur sexe, leur âge, afin de déterminer l'organisation de l'atelier et des formes de sociabilité des artisans romains qui constituent un véritable microcosme dans la société romaine

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Jordan, Katy. "Understanding the structure and role of academics' ego-networks on social networking sites." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/48259/.

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Academic social networking sites (SNS) seek to bring the benefits of online networking to an academic audience. Currently, the two largest sites are Academia.edu and ResearchGate. The ability to make connections to others is a defining affordance of SNS, but what are the characteristics of the network structures being facilitated by academic SNS, and how does this relate to their professional use by academics? This study addressed this question through mixed methods social network analysis. First, an online survey was conducted to gain contextual data and recruit participants (n = 528). Second, ego-networks were drawn up for a sub-sample of 55 academics (reflecting a range of job positions and disciplines). Ego-networks were sampled from an academic SNS and Twitter for each participant. Third, co-interpretive interviews were held with 18 participants, to understand the significance of the structures and how the networks were constructed. Academic SNS networks were smaller and more highly clustered; Twitter networks were larger and more diffuse. Communities within networks are more frequently defined by institutions and research interests on academic SNS, compared to research topics and personal interests on Twitter. Emerging themes link network structure to differences in how academics conceptualise and use the sites. Academic SNS are regarded as a more formal academic identity, akin to a business card, or used as a personal repository. Twitter is viewed as a space where personal and professional are mixed, similar to a conference coffee break. Academic SNS replicate existing professional connections, Twitter reinforces existing professional relationships and fosters novel connections. Several strategies underpinning academics’ use of the sites were identified, including: circumventing institutional constraints; extending academic space; finding a niche; promotion and impact; and academic freedom. These themes also provide a bridge between academic identity development online and formal academic identity and institutional roles.

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Hardman, M. A. "Structure and developmental change in social cognition : An exploratory study of the development of children's social role understanding." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382357.

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Gaudreault, Karine. "Influence du sexe et de l'appartenance à une structure familiale biparentale ou monoparentale sur la perception de l'environnement social des adolescents du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean âgés de 14 à 18 ans /." Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17749840R.html.

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Mémoire (M.PS.) - Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003.
Sur la p. de t. : Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Bibliogr.: f. [70]-79.

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Leonard, Nancy Jacynthe. "Role of social network structure in the governance of Great Lakes transboundary fish stocks." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Rodrigo, Martinez Peña. "The role of researchers in deliberate social-ecological transformations: a structure-culture-agency approach." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144881.

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Awareness of profound ecological, economical and social crises interacting globally at various scales has brought up the notion of the necessity of a fundamental change, which has driven studies on sustainable change in diverse fields of knowledge. Resilience scholars have approached the issue through a systemic lens that integrates social and ecological phenomena, but scientists from the social “wing” have pointed out the need of adopting a structure agency approach. This study present an analysis of the contribution of researchers to the process of deliberate social-ecological transformation through the analytical lens provided by Archer’s Morphogenetic Approach, which was operationalized by means of the Social-Ecological Action Situation tool, whose purpose is tracking processes of emergence. This study revisited a well-established case of social-ecological transformation, the benthic fisheries governance change in Chile between 1980 and 1997. I found that researcher’s basic transformatory strategic agency was finding the way to personal and vested interests, otherwise engaging in activities such as dissemination of knowledge and advising policy processes carries costs. Researchers main contributions were producing knowledge relevant to different cultural systems as it enabled further structural change, disseminating and endorsing ideas and conducting policy pilots. The Morhogenetic Approach depicted the process of transformation as a sequence of short-life emergent outcomes driven by agency that resulted into a long-life emergent outcome that modified a structural re-arrangement. The combined theoretical-methodological approach is a promising frame to study social-ecological transformations as it managed to explain emergence of phenomena such as policy innovation, interaction between ideational and structural change, relation of interest and power, and it grasped interaction between simultaneous processes.

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White, Judith Anne. "The role of individual characteristics and structures of social knowledge in ethical reasoning using an experiential learning framework." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056728836.

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Ibrahim, Abdallah. "Hello oil rig| The role of simulacra images in producing future reality." Thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526308.

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This project is the first approach to address the problem of the image through a discussion between science, philosophy, art history, art theory, and fine arts based on one body of specific art work designed especially to explain the role of the image in producing future reality models.

This study is a continuation of the dialogue between important philosophers and thinkers about the image and its place in the contemporary scene.

The technical fossil medium used in painting this project crosses the boundary between scientific research with its data sheets to art theory and fine arts with their aesthetic rhetoric thus bringing many disciplines together. Seven images were created to discuss the problem.

The artwork and the academic research are both interacting in this paper in a multidiscipline discussion to uncover the role of the images in creating a new reality and in forging the hyperreal culture.

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Frantz, David. "Migrations et division sociale de l'espace en Toscane : structures et dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559858.

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L'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier les rapports entre la division sociale de l'espace d'une formation sociale d'accueil et la distribution spatiale de ses populations immigrées. À partir des années 1970, les migrations internationales de la Périphérie vers les pays du Centre se sont amplifiées et diversifiées ; de pays d'émigration, l'Italie est devenue un pays d'immigration. La distribution spatiale des populations immigrées est déterminée par la division internationale du travail, la division économique et fonctionnelle de l'espace hôte et les caractéristiques propres des communautés de migrants. Les filtres institutionnels mis en place (droit de séjour, droit au travail) commandent les conditions de vie et d'installation des migrants. Trois échelles sont mises en exergue pour analyser l'articulation entre immigration et économie territoriale : l'Italie pour le contexte de ses déséquilibres territoriaux, la Toscane pour le modèle de l'industrialisation diffuse typique de la “Troisième Italie”, et Florence, la capitale régionale, pour son économie urbaine du tertiaire inférieur. La méthodologie utilisée – bibliographie, statistiques, enquêtes, entretiens – permet de rendre compte d'une réalité mouvante et difficilement formalisable. La division sociale de l'espace intra- et péri-urbain de Florence témoigne du lien étroit entre l'espace des classes sociales et l'attribution spatiale des communautés étrangères selon leur fonction dans le système de production local. Discriminée et reléguée socialement et spatialement, la situation des Roms est prise comme exemple en tant que population en décalage de la formation sociale hôte.

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Lusher, Dean Stewart. "Masculinities in local contexts : structural, individual and cultural interdependencies /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/0002448.

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Naanyu, Violet. "Social context, stigma, and the role of causal attributions public evaluations of mental illness in South Africa /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378374.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 7, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: A, page: 4077. Advisers: Bernice Pescosolido; Eliza Pavalko.

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Houghton, Judith Mary. "The role of temporal lobe structures in the attribution of affect and social cognition." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343889.

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Karlson, Nils. "The state of state an inquiry concerning the role of invisible hands in politics and civil society /." Uppsala : Stockholm : S. Academiae Ubsaliensis ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=hCiOAAAAMAAJ.

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Ameyaw, Clement Bright. "Family structure and adolescents’ binge drinking : the role of parental monitoring." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-186957.

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Despite the general decline in alcohol use among adolescents, binge drinking in this age group remains a serious public health problem. The overarching aim of this study was to examine the association between family structure and adolescents' binge drinking and to what extent this association is accounted for by differences in parental monitoring. The study utilised data from the Stockholm School Survey 2014, involving 12,540 students in 9th and 11th grade in the Stockholm Municipality, Sweden. The analytical sample was restricted to 10,279 students. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations with chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression were applied in the analyses. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics including gender, grade, and parental education, family structure was significantly associated with adolescents' binge drinking, where binge drinking was higher among students in the non-nuclear family structure compared with those in the nuclear family structure. However, the association between family structure and adolescents' binge drinking was not accounted for by differences in parental monitoring. In conclusion, the non-nuclear family structure is a risk factor, but also high parental monitoring is a protective factor in relation to adolescents' binge drinking. Accordingly, the findings of the study may be used as a basis for preventive work.

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Deveau-Brock, Michelle. "Engagement with structural social work : issues and dilemmas in dialectical praxis." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2068.

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This paper explores a Master of Social Work (MSW) student's experiences in engagement with structural social work during an advanced practicum with a perinatal mental health project in Northeastern Ontario. The goals of the advanced practicum were to: (a) improve reflexive practice, (b) improve understanding of structural social work, specific to social justice, and (c) improve understanding of the role of structural social workers within inter-organizational collaborations. Deconstruction of the engagement with each of the goals and the challenges in facilitation of the objectives are reviewed. Though there are issues and dilemmas facing those who wish to engage in structural social work, this advanced practicum experience was successful in improving the student's engagement with structural social work praxis.

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Gröön, Elias. "Educating Conflict : The Role of Educational Structures in Conflict Mobilization." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341452.

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Rataj, Marcin. "Geography of starts-ups in Sweden – the role of human capital, social capital and industrial structure." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92308.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of human and social capital in start-up creation process. Specifically it reveals the types of interaction between “soft” factors and institutional characteristics of the regions and investigates to what extent does the role of human and social capital varies in different institutional settings. To address this questions a multilevel model has been used which allows to capture relationships both in time and space. The data used in this paper stem from regional macrodata on human and social capital as well as industrial structure of Swedish economy. The study revealed important facts about start up creation processes, namely dual characteristic of entrepreneurship patterns in Sweden. In the metropolitan regions of the country human and social capital play much more important role than in the other regions, where the entrepreneurial activity is to large extent a result of current economic conditions and industrial settings.

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Hassebrock, Justin A. "Informationally Coupled Social Problem Solving: The Role of Fractal Structure and Complexity Matching During Interpersonal Coordination." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1563189930963608.

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Leeming, Karen Anne. "An examination of the role of the voluntary sector in local social and economic regeneration : Merseyside: a case study." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366405.

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Striukova, Ludmila. "Intellectual property rights and corporate value creation : the role of governance structures and social capital." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424372.

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Milly, Langhammer. "Romska barns rätt till utbildning – som jämlika deltagare : En uppsats om att främja rättvisa och bryta strukturell diskriminering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384817.

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I denna uppsats behandlas strukturell diskriminering av romska barn i utbildningsystemet i tre europeiska länder. Syftet med uppsatsen är tvåfaldigt. Det ena syftet är att jämföra Sveriges, Rumäniens och Tjeckiens arbete för att motverka diskriminering gällande romska barns rätt till utbildning på samma villkor som andra samt undersöka om arbetet främjar rättvisa för de romska barnen. Det andra syftet är att undersöka vilka fler åtgärder länderna bör genomföra för att bryta diskrimineringen och främja rättvisa. Uppsatsen är uppbyggd utifrån en förståelse av att mänskliga rättigheter har en juridisk dimension, en politisk och en moralisk. Med anledning av detta fastställs gällande rätt och de politiska åtgärderna. Vidare analyseras rätten men framförallt politiken utifrån ett perspektiv på rättvisa för att belysa moralen. Detta rättviseperspektiv har inspirerats av Nancy Fraser. Ett främjande av rättvisa innebär enligt detta perspektiv att förändra de strukturer i utbildningsystemet som är förtryckande och dominerande gentemot romska elever. Dessa strukturer utgör nämligen hinder för romska barn att delta som jämlikar i utbildningen. Detta görs för att undersöka om ländernas arbete främjar rättvisa för romska barn då det i uppsatsen hävdas att det också motverkar strukturell diskriminering. I uppsatsen dras slutsatsen att inget av länderna förändrar de strukturer som utgör hinder för romska barns jämlika deltagande. Detta innebär att länderna inte lyckas främja rättvisa och därför inte heller lyckas bryta den strukturella diskrimineringen. Uppsatsen avslutas med en diskussion om vilka åtgärder länderna bör genomföra för att främja rättvisa och bryta den strukturella diskrimineringen.
In this essay, structural discrimination of Roma children in the education system is dealt with in three European countries. The purpose of the thesis is twofold. One of the aims is to compare the work of Sweden, Romania and the Czech Republic to prevent discrimination against Roma children's rights to education on the same terms as others, and to investigate whether the work promotes justice for the Roma children. The second purpose is to investigate which more measures the countries should implement to break discrimination and promote justice. The essay is based on an understanding that human rights have a legal dimension, a political and a moral one. In view of this, the applicable law and policy measures are established. Furthermore, the law is analyzed, but above all the policy measures from a perspective of justice to highlight morality. This justice perspective is inspired by Nancy Fraser. In this perspective, promoting justice means changing the structures of the education system that are oppressive and dominant towards Roma students. This structures hinder Roma children from participating as equals in education. This is done to investigate whether the countries' work promotes justice for Roma children since it is stated in the essay that it also counteracts structural discrimination. The essay concludes that none of the countries change the structures that hinder the equal participation of Roma children. This means that the countries does not succeed in promoting justice and therefore does not succeed in breaking the structural discrimination. The thesis concludes with a discussion of what measures the countries should implement to promote justice and break the structural discrimination.

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Stickland, Leonie Rae. "Gender gymnastics : performers, fans and gender issues in the Takarazuka Revue of contemporary Japan /." Stickland, Leonie Rae (2004) Gender gymnastics: performers, fans and gender issues in the Takarazuka Revue of contemporary Japan. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/349/.

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This thesis analyses the Takarazuka Revue, an all-female musical theatre company, seeking to investigate its relation to broader issues of gender in contemporary Japan. Takarazuka has simultaneously reinforced and challenged the gender norms of Japanese society for the past ninety years, and indeed provides insights into the construction of those very norms. Takarazuka takes images of masculinity and femininity from mainstream society, the media, arts and popular culture, in both Japan and other countries, and reconstructs them according to its own distinct notions of how gender should be portrayed, both on and off its stage, not only by its performers, but also by fans and creative staff. Unlike in other single-sex theatrical genres featuring cross-dressing, such as Kabuki, gender is the essential focus of every performance in Takarazuka. Takarazuka's practices show that gender is not inherent, but must be learned through observation, imitation and direct instruction, and that various versions of male gender can be assumed for specific purposes, even temporarily, by biological females (and vice versa). Takarazuka's relationship with gender extends well beyond the stage itself; and one of the ways in which this thesis goes beyond other studies is its focus on the whole life-course of Takarazuka performers, including their girlhood and post-retirement years. The relationship with gender issues encompasses fans as well. The popularity of Takarazuka's male-role players (otokoyaku), in particular, indicates that the manipulation of gender within a theatrical context has great appeal for audiences. However, many Takarazuka fans, especially female fans of the otokoyaku, evidently not only passively consume the artistry of gender impersonation on its stage, but also actively contribute to its production by communicating their expectations about gender performance to the actors and the Takarazuka administration, and by encouraging each performer to sustain her stage gender off-stage when she appears in public, at least to a certain extent. The emotional investment of fans in supporting Takarazuka is often intense and long-lasting, and their attraction to Takarazuka clearly is not necessarily based solely upon sexuality, as other studies have proposed, but involves broader issues of gender. The influence of Takarazuka derives not only from its performances, but also from many other aspects of its organisation and gender-linked practices. Takarazuka's existence and details about its members and various unique practices are widely publicised by the media. Its influence upon the social construction of gender in Japan extends beyond the confines of its theatres, its versions of gender roles affecting the lives of many in the general populace apart from those directly involved in performing in, creating or supporting its productions.

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Lemke, Joseph S. "Experienced Teachers' Construals of the Teacher's Role Across the Historical Process." Thesis, Long Island University, C. W. Post Center, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610432.

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Understanding the role of the public school teacher and how that role has changed over recent history is critical to comprehending the nature of teaching and teachers in American schools. This 2-phase, hypothesis-generating study was undertaken to develop a deeper understanding of the role of the teacher and, in particular, the ways that role has remained stable or changed across the historical process. It explored how the role of the teacher is construed by current, experienced teachers through personal construct systems and through their shared enactments of a social construct system proposed as an extension to personal construct theory. Departing from the traditional disciplinary approaches that have characterized much of the previous research on this topic and which have been limited in scope and method by their associated paradigms, this study adopted an interdisciplinary, mixed methods approach that integrated the perspectives of several disciplines and professional fields. It employed the repertory grid technique (RGT) from personal construct theory to elicit personal constructs from 16 experienced teachers in intensive RGT interviews to identify shared constructs. Those shared constructs were then employed as an inferred social construct system in an anonymous online survey of experienced practicing teachers (n = 258) to identify the ways in which that social construct system is enacted in construing the role of the teacher across the historical process, envisioning the future role of the teacher, and perceiving the ideal role. Latent class analysis indicated heterogeneity in teachers' views regarding the role and substantial perceived change across recent history, suggesting a lack of role consensus. The study also compared the participants' views of the ideal role of the teacher with their expectations for the future. The findings have implications for future research and for educational theory, policy, and practice.

Keywords: education history, repertory grid technique, teacher role

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Chew, Tracy. "A case study of the role of six Catholic social agencies as mediating structures in social welfare service provision in Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063522/.

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Slabach, Brittany L. "THE ROLE OF SOCIALITY AND DISTURBANCE IN SHAPING ELK (CERVUS CANADENSIS) POPULATION STRUCTURE." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/56.

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Investigating how and why individuals interact is an important component to understanding species ecology. The type and patterning of relationships (social structure) provides pertinent insight into how ecological factors such as spatial heterogeneity of resources and predation influence associations between individuals. Many taxa exhibit temporally fluid association patterns, where individuals associate with a variety of others at different rates. Ungulate species exhibit prime examples of highly fluid grouping patterns and individuals form both temporary and long-term associations. The effects of human disturbance on ungulate behavior are well documented and these changes are further exacerbated during the hunting season. Species such as elk (Cervus canadensis) are highly managed having subsistence, recreational, and economic value. The demographic effects of selective take or harvest regimes on population dynamics are known, but how human disturbance, including hunting, influences ungulate social structure on a fine-scale has not been explored. I aimed to investigate the relationship between human disturbance and social structure in a population of elk residing in southeastern, Kentucky, USA. I choose to focus on female elk given the importance of adult female survival to population dynamics and previous knowledge of some social affinity between females. I begin by discussing factors that influence ungulate sociality, how human disturbance can influence sociality and how a better understanding of association patterns could aid in management decisions. I then present two distinct yet vital studies to understanding this relationship: (1) investigation of survival of elk in Kentucky and (2) investigation of association patterns in a human dominated landscape. Hunter harvest is the primary cause of elk mortality in both eastern and western populations in North America and 85.2% of all elk mortalities in Kentucky were hunter harvest related. Older (> 5) males and younger (< 2) females had significantly higher hazards of dying relative to other age classes. Moreover, the establishment of a limited entry hunting area to prevent local overharvest of males had no effect on male survival, but instead may have resulted in local overharvest of females at one site residing on publicly accessible land. Female elk exhibit both weak and strong association patterns. I found that relatedness was significantly greater within sites, similar to patterns found in other cervid species. Association patterns within sites were not explained by age class; and relatedness was only positively correlated at one site. The sites investigated differed in the type and frequency of human disturbance, specifically hunting, suggesting that the disparity in association patterns were driven by these differences. I conclude with two smaller studies, suggesting an indirect consequence of coal surface mining disturbance on ungulate foraging behavior and the potential for interstate transfer of ecto-parasites during reintroduction efforts. This research reinforces previous findings and further refines our understanding of ungulate social structure. Consideration of temporal variation in association patterns of ungulates and other species is important to quantify the effect of disturbance on population and social processes, but also to increase our understanding of dynamic structures. Quantifying the resiliency of structure to disturbance is a priority to further our understanding of the ecology and conservation of these species.

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Ince, Merlin Ince. "Youth employability in ghetto neighbourhoods: The role of personal agency in reproducing or transforming social structures." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28349.

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This thesis explores variations in employment outcomes among youth living under similar structural conditions of poverty and unemployment in ghetto neighbourhoods. It challenges structuralist accounts that ignore the role of personal agency and hold that structures alone determine action. The critical realist framework offers a helpful understanding of social structures as both material and cultural since human agency, or action, is influenced by circumstances that are both materially objective and culturally subjective. By probing the interaction of agency and structure this research shows that individual agency is a response to cultural beliefs and competing cultural norms. The ensuing worldview informs decisions and actions of youth which, under different cultures and material family structures, either reproduce or transform their educational and employment prospects in ghetto neighbourhoods. Ten case studies are analysed from youth in Manenberg, Cape Town, a neighbourhood that was historically segregated through the apartheid system of forced removals and resettlement. In-depth interviews provide evidence from life histories, experiences of education institutions and of looking for work. Further information is gathered from interviews with secondary participants, apart from participant observation in family and community activities through an ethnographic approach. Findings reveal that the culture of disengaged parenting leaves youth exposed only to the influence of low education and employment expectations such that they despondently relinquish career aspirations by dropping out of school, remaining unemployed and underemployed as a result. By contrast, consistent mentoring from parents entails a culture that competes with the negative influence of gangs and enables resilience among youth to pursue tertiary education. Youth thereby transform, rather than reproduce, their position in the labour market as unemployed or underemployed unskilled manual workers. Similarly, social networks beyond the neighbourhood provide youth with job information, supportive resources, and cultural capital, which enable them to conceptualise ideas of professional careers. This transforms the historical and contemporary material structure of ghetto neighbourhoods with socially isolated networks that limit youth to low-skilled employment opportunities. Such networks do not support personal agency towards alternative employment and youth resort to cultural practices of gangsterism, irregular and informal work.

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Ruan, Yiye. "Joint Dynamic Online Social Network Analytics Using Network, Content and User Characteristics." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420765022.

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HOLLAND, MICAH. "RETHINKING THE ROLE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LENDERS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1163699231.

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Rimer, Limor. "The effect of family structure and family support on women's coping with fertility treatments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670756.

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Objetivos: Examinar las dificultades que experimentan las mujeres durante el tratamiento de fertilidad, sus sistemas de apoyo y cómo afrontar el tratamiento, en tres estructuras familiares: la pareja casada heterosexual, la familia monoparental y la familia unisex. Diseño: metodología mixta, en la que se recopilaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos simultáneamente para explorar las dificultades de las mujeres durante los tratamientos de fertilidad y sus sistemas de apoyo. Métodos: un cuestionario que evalúa a las mujeres que enfrentan los tratamientos de fertilidad y si existen sistemas de apoyo.el estudio incluyó a 450 mujeres de entre 20 y 45 años que se sometían a tratamientos de fertilidad en Israel. Además se realizaron 15 entrevistas. Resultados: La estructura familiar afecta el afrontamiento de las mujeres con los tratamientos de fertilidad. Las mujeres solteras se sometieron a más tratamientos (73,3%), en comparación con las casadas (65,3%) y las mujeres con pareja femenina (54,7%).

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Saitgalina, Marina. "The Mediating Role of Professional Membership Associations Through the Prism of Organizational Social Capital." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699915/.

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Civil society emphasizes the importance for citizens to be involved and developed in association with other people. The importance of socialization for citizens to learn civic values and develop virtues of tolerance and solidarity is generated by voluntary associations. Mediating structures are the entities that help to integrate disconnected elements of civil society and strengthen communities. Social capital is one of the elements that is actively utilized by mediating structures to connect people to, and get involved with others in mobilizing their efforts collectively for both public and private causes through volunteering. Traditionally only charitable nonprofits were perceived to be mediating structures. However, there are scattered examples of non-charitable professional membership 501(c)(6) associations engaging themselves and their members in social programs and community volunteering unaccountable for in the literature. Using the theories of mediating structures and social capital this research questions the assumption of limited applicability of mediating structures. Extensive empirical analysis of the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE) dataset is performed to determine how social capital and other organizational factors affect the performance of mediating roles by professional membership associations.

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Hadano, Takamitsu. "Power transition, peaceful change and the UN Security Council : exploring the role of social structure in international political change." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12756/.

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The present study is an inquiry into power transition and how it relates to international social structure comprised of state practice, norms, international law and international organisations. It examines how the behaviour of rising powers and international political change in the context of power transition are governed and guided by international social structure through exploring the interface between three themes in International Relations scholarship: power transition, the interwar debate on peaceful change and reform of the UN Security Council. Via integration of elements of English School theory and hitherto neglected, but nevertheless valuable insights from the interwar debate on peaceful change, the study sets out the socio-structural conception of power transition—or, to be more accurate, of international political change in the context of power transition—as an institutionally governed process, presents a distinctive way of theorising power transition that radically departs from the materialistic, mechanistic and state-centric conception of power transition prevalent in the existing literature on power transition, and develops a framework for analysing actual cases of power transition from the socio-structural perspective, taking Security Council reform as a case study. The study emphasises the diversity of institutions governing change in international society, highlighting the role of international law and international organisations designed for the maintenance of international peace and security, such as the League of Nations and the UN, in managing international political change in the context of power transition, and showing the role that the Security Council as an agent of international political change plays in entrenching the institution of peaceful change in contemporary international society via exercise of its powers under Chapter VI and potentially Chapter VII of the UN Charter. From this standpoint, the study questions and reframes the existing debate on Security Council reform, specifying key issues to be addressed in future debate thereon.

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Payas, Puigarnau Gertrudis. "The role of translation in the building of national identities: The case of colonial Mexico (1521--1821)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29246.

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The purpose of this doctoral research is to demonstrate that translation, as a form of representation, is present in the elaboration of a discourse on the nation in colonial Mexico, or New Spain. To this end, a catalogue of 712 translational products is explored by means of a classification based on a conceptual framework provided by nationalism studies. This approach leads to see how, individually and collectively, one group of translations weave the canvass of an "imagined community" of faithful, on which three other groups intertwine narratives of foundational myths, instill a sense of belonging to a continuum of classical civilizations, and, lastly, incorporate New Spain to the concert of modern nations. Historiography is part of this evolution, and the presence of translation and subsequent rewritings are traced in the fixing of a national history.

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Nnyanzi, David. "The Role of Structural Factors in HIV Transmission in Uganda: a Multi-Level Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2365.

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Thesis advisor: John B. Williamson
Since the early 1980s, Uganda has been in the spotlight of global concerns about the HIV/AIDS epidemic that has almost brought the country to its knees. Consequently, a number of social epidemiologists and researchers from different social science fields have, over the past two and half decades, focused their attention on Uganda, attempting to identify the risk factors that expose people to HIV infection in order to inform intervention policy. Although studies coming out of this effort have provided important insights into risks of HIV infection, they have been criticized for almost entirely focusing on individual behavioral factors, such as prostitution and inconsistent condom use, as the primary causal factors of HIV infection, without comprehending the contextual background in which HIV infection takes place. Using the 2000/01 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey and employing multilevel logistic regression methods, I address this concern by investigating the influence of contextual factors on three behaviors related to the risk of HIV infection (HIV testing, multiple sexual partnering, and inconsistent condom use). Analyses reveal that educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and religion significantly predict HIV testing, multiple sexual partnering, and condom use for both men and women - and at both the individual and neighborhood levels. Analyses also reveal that age has an inverted U-shaped association with HIV testing and multiple sexual partnering for both men and women at the individual level. Despite important gains in slowing HIV infection rates over the past two decades, Uganda's increasing burden of the HIV/AIDS epidemic - amid faltering healthcare and other social services investments - is inevitable. It is apparent that there are formidable obstacles to effectively eradicating HIV/AIDS, unless essential social services - such as education, accessible healthcare services - are enhanced, and policies are introduced to improve socioeconomic status of individuals and entire neighborhoods
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology

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Frumence, Gasto. "The role of social capital in HIV prevention: experiences from the Kagera region of Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49319.

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Background The role of social capital for promoting health has been extensively studied in recent years but there are few attempts to investigate the possible influence of social capital on HIV prevention,particularly in developing countries. The overall aims of this thesis are to investigate the links between social capital and HIV infection and to contribute to the theoretical framework of the role of social capital for HIV prevention. Methods Key informant interviews with leaders of organizations, networks, social groups and communities and focus group discussions with members and non-members of the social groups and networks were conducted to map out and characterize various forms of social capital that may influenceHIV prevention. A quantitative community survey was carried out in three case communities toestimate the influence of social capital on HIV risk behaviors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the HIV prevalence in the urban district representing a high HIV prevalence zone to determine the association between social capital and HIV infection. Main findings In early 1990’s many of the social groups in Kagera region were formed because of poverty and many AIDS related deaths. This formation of groups enhanced people’s social and economic support to group members during bereavement and celebrations as well as provided loans that empowered members economically. The social groups also put in place strict rules of conduct, which helped to create new norms, values and trust, which influenced sexual health andthereby enhanced HIV prevention. Formal organizations worked together with social groups and facilitated networking and provided avenues for exchange of information including healtheducation on HIV/AIDS. Individuals who had access to high levels of structural and cognitive social capital were more likely to use condoms with their casual sex partners compared to individuals with access to low levels. Women with access to high levels of structural social capital were more likely to use condoms with casual sex partners compared to those with low levels. Individuals with access to low levels of structural social capital were less likely to be tested for HIV compared to those with access to high levels. However, there was no association between access to cognitive social capital and being tested for HIV. Individuals who had access to low levels of both structural and cognitive social capital were more likely to be HIV positive compared to individuals who had access to high levels with a similar pattern among men and women. Conclusion This thesis indicates that social capital in its structural and cognitive forms is protective to HIV infection and has played an important role in the observed decline in HIV trends in the Kagera region. Structural and cognitive social capital has enabled community members to decrease number of sexual partners, delay sexual debut for the young generation, reduce opportunities for casual sex and empower community members to demand or use condoms. It is recommended that policy makers and programme managers consider involving grassroots’ social groups and networks in the design and delivery of interventions strategies to reduce HIV transmission.

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Lundblad, Emma, and Emmelie Arvidsson. "Uppfattningar om kontrollerande beteende i nära relationer : Betydelsen av förövarens och offrets genus." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55421.

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Forskning inom ämnet kontrollerande beteende visade att män uppfattades mer kontrollerande än kvinnor, och att detta hade sin grund i flera historiska och sociala faktorer. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka könets betydelse för uppfattningen av kontrollerande beteende i nära relation. 126 personer (43 män och 83 kvinnor) i åldrarna 19–66, fick läsa en fiktiv vinjett inspirerad av Graham-Kevan och Archers CBR-S skala, med en manlig, kvinnlig eller ej könsbestämd kontrollerande person, för att sedan skatta sin uppfattning om personen och relationen. Resultatet visade att män uppfattades som mer kontrollerande och obehagliga än kvinnor när båda betedde sig på samma sätt. Det visade också att en kvinna som kontrollerar en relation uppfattades som mindre kontrollerande av män än av kvinnor. Slutsatsen var att manliga och kvinnliga normer även hade inverkan på uppfattningen av kontrollerande beteende. Bakgrunden till studien var att belysa ursprunget till ett av vår tids största samhällsproblem, våld mot kvinnor.

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Saberi, Nasseri Robin. "Social capital, environmental policy attitudes and the mediating role of climate change beliefs." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391067.

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In order to combat the potential threats of climate change, effective policy setting and implementation is crucial. A variable which has been shown to have significant explanatory power on the success of different public policy areas is social capital; a multidimensional concept encompassing social relationships and norms ability to mobilize and facilitate common goals. In the context of climate change related research, the relationship between social capital or some of its components to environmental variables typically is studied in a vacuum. This using factor analysis or SEM, at times in combination with other statistical techniques. In this study a more extensive SEM is investigated, examining the potential effect of social capital on environmental policy attitudes, with the mediating component climate change beliefs. The relationship between all three concepts were found to be significant, with the proportion of the total effect which is due to the indirect effect being 23%. This present study contributes to the literature by introducing the use of more extensive models, taking the complex relationships in the area into account to a higher degree, in order for more efficient policy making.

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Richardson, Liana Janine Earp Jo Anne L. "The social structural context of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes the role of race, place, and time /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2855.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 4, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Gillings School of Global Public Health Health Behavior and Health Education." Discipline: Health Behavior and Health Education; Department/School: Public Health.

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Baker, Razan. "Online social networks and Saudi youth participation in physical activity." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14522.

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Previous studies targeting youth participation in physical activity have argued that self-motivation is the main key to increasing participation. However, few studies have focused specifically on the role of structural factors in prompting youth participation in physical activity. The structure may include people, and institutions that are introducing, providing and facilitating physical activity to youth. Therefore, this study focuses on the role of the structure surrounding youth. The study takes youth in Saudi Arabia aged 15-24 as its subjects in order to examine the use of three online social networks (OSNs), i.e., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, for communication and exchange of resources and the influence on participation of key decision makers such as home (parents and siblings), school (Ministry of Education and PE teachers), physical activity and sports clubs (General Authority of Sports [GAS]), and friends. The study uses mixed methods and follows the social network structural theory to examine how the exchange of resources (e.g., information, emotional support, financial support, and facilities and services) takes place between agent and structure. The main findings are that the structure plays a role in influencing participation among Saudi youth. Friends are of great influence, as they occupy the longest hours of youth time both at school, where friends interact in person, and outside of school, where friends communicate through OSNs. An Islamic and conservative society prevails in Saudi Arabia, where 99 per cent of the population is Muslim. Therefore, in addition to the structural factors noted above, religion is also investigated. Indeed, Islam drives motivation in this large conservative group as individuals learn to obey and implement the religious advice and Islamic teachings of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), including those messages with relation to becoming a healthy and strong Muslim. Finally, the study also focuses on the participation of Saudi female youth in physical activity. Due to cultural reasons preventing women from participating in physical activity as freely and equally as their male peers in the country, Saudi Arabia has seen an increasing percentage of obese women. The main aim of this research is to understand the relationship between agency and structure and thereby to identify the role of structure in increasing the participation of youth in physical activity. The research question (How do OSNs facilitate Saudi youth participation in physical activity?) investigates the relationship between agency and structure to delineate the pattern of information exchange regarding resources for involvement in physical activity. Through the use of mixed methods including face-to-face interviews, online survey and digital ethnography, the researcher investigates how youth social networks function both offline and online. The study concludes that decision makers in the field of physical activity participation in Saudi Arabia vary in their level of encouragement, influence and communication. Family members do not seem to communicate with youth via online platforms, but they do play a crucial role in offline social networks. Private institutions are becoming very active in OSNs, and public institutions are following the trend, albeit at a slower pace. The study shows that physical activity facilitators in Saudi Arabia are still failing to effectively reach youth and encourage them to participate in physical activity. Various policies need to be reviewed and enhanced if the public institutions do indeed want to reach more youth and benefit youth and the community, including the female youth, who make up more than half of the population. The study shows that the way to develop these policies is to communicate with youth via OSNs and to provide youth with more facilities, venues and services in the country that are suitable for both genders.

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Mabunay, Ma Luisa. "Gender relations in women's lives : a study of fishing households in a central Philippine community." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29078.

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This study argues that women's gendered experiences record distinctive features of their subordinate yet resilient positions at home and in society. It portrays the work and lives of selected women in a changing peasant fishing community in the Philippines and suggests directions by which power relations implied in their personal, local, and global lives might be more fully grasped. Despite an underlying perception of 'separate spheres' reflected in such local notions of work as pangabuhi and pangita, the women pragmatically pursue 'public' and market-related roles and activities for the immediate 'private' requirements for their households' sustenance and reproduction. Nevertheless, they are less discerning, and thus, less active in negotiating their strategic interests as women. The recommendations underscore the socially constructed character of gender divisions so demystifying the myths that sustain them. Social development projects that assist but not exacerbate the burdens of rural women are also endorsed.

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Ayad-Bergounioux, Soulef. "Bourgeoisie de Robe et esprit d'État : genèse sociale et historique de la domination symbolique institutionnalisée (1775-1815)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010616.

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Cette thèse d'histoire repose sur une approche "structurale" (Pierre Bourdieu), autrement nommée "sociogénétique" (Norbert Elias) ou encore "histoire sociale des idées" (Roger Chartier). Elle entend par un retour réflexif sur les conditions historiques absolutiste (dernier tiers du XVII le siècle) et révolutionnaire (1789-1799), analyser le système de domination inédit, né de la société révolutionnée. Pour ce faire la démonstration a été centrée sur un groupe restreint d'agents, qui ont tous activement participé à la construction de l'État bureaucratique consulaire: Antoine Boulay (1761-1840), Félix Bigot de Préameneu (1747-1825), Michel Regnaud (1762-1819), Claude Régnier (1746-1814), Pierre-Louis Roederer (1754-1835). Cette thèse s'ouvrira sur l'étude du système de valeurs et de pensée de ces agents, qui ont inventé la nouvelle organisation étatique. Ils permettent de saisir les logiques cognitives du groupe dominant issu de la société révolutionnée. Si l'ethos et la sociodicée de l'élite juridique bourgeoise structurent l'existence en tant que classe nouvellement dominante de la bourgeoisie de Robe, ils ne rendent pas compte des conditions objectives, historiques, de formation du groupe robin. C'est pourquoi, la seconde partie de cette thèse se concentrera sur l'étude des cadres sociaux et historiques au sein desquels les représentations collectives de la bourgeoisie d'État consulaire se sont forgées. Elle est un préalable indispensable au dévoilement des principes d'ordonnancement de l'État bureaucratique, lui-même indissociable du système de domination symbolique consulaire. Ils sont tous deux les produits de conditions historiques objectives, celles des luttes au sein du champ du pouvoir absolutiste, puis du champ de forces révolutionnaires, tous deux producteurs de réalités sociales façonnées par les nécessités structurales antérieures à leur institutionnalisation

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Williams, Seth Alan. "Perceptions of the Police and Fear of Crime: The Role of Neighborhood Social Capital." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1440351447.

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Taylor, Cynthia Lynn. "Scaffolding the Development of Early Self-Regulation: The Role of Structure and Routine in Children's Daily Activities." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/287.

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Learning to self-regulate one's behavior is a core developmental task in early childhood. Regulation of behavior is a challenge for young children largely due to cognitive constraints, specifically in the areas of attention and memory. As such, it has been theorized that both caregivers and a child's environment can support the development of behavioral self-regulation by providing cues as to what constitutes acceptable behavior in any given context. Although much research has been conducted on the role caregivers play in this regard, little is known about how a child's environment may also serve to support emerging self-regulation of behavior. The present study sought to identify differences among children's daily activities in terms of their degree of structure and routine and how they related to changes in patterns of self-regulated behavior over time. Twenty-one children ages 6 to 60 months in three age-graded classrooms at a constructivist child-care center were video-taped at three measurement points over a six-month period as they engaged in a variety of daily activities (i.e., free play, meals and clean-up). Trained observers coded for nine self-regulatory behaviors and the daily activities during which they occurred. It was hypothesized that structured and routine daily activities would scaffold the development of self-regulation and internalization such that these behaviors would occur more frequently during activities high in structure and routine. Over time, practice during activities that are high and low in structure and routine should support self-regulated behavior in the absence of structure and routine as well. Overall, results demonstrated that in the presence of environmental cues for expected behavior (i.e., structure and routine) children tend to engage in more self-regulated behavior than in the absence of such cues.

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Dovel, Kathryn. "Shifting focus from individuals to institutions| The role of gendered health institutions on men's use of HIV services." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10112647.

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Men in sub-Saharan Africa are less likely than women to use HIV services and, thus, are more likely to die from AIDS. While much of the literature argues that men’s views of masculinity keep them from services, I use the theory of gendered organizations to provide another perspective. In this dissertation, I use a mixed methods approach to examine the gendered organization of facility-based HIV testing services in southern Malawi and how the organization of services creates additional barriers to men’s use of care.

I combine four types of data: (1) survey data with facility clients to assess if quality of care differs by sex of client; (2) in-depth interviews with healthcare providers and policy makers to examine perceptions of men as clients; (3) participant observation in health facilities to understand how institutional protocols are enacted at the local level; and (4) international and national policy documents to situate local health institutions within broader global constructs of gender and HIV priorities.

I find that heterosexual men have become an invisible category within both international and national HIV policy. When they are included, they are described as the problem, not part of the solution to HIV epidemics. On the ground, the organization of HIV testing services has followed suit.

Health institutions, like other organizations, are not gender-neutral. Men in southern Malawi were not recruited for health services, were less likely than women to receive health education when they did attend a facility, and were less likely to have access to HIV testing because services were, at times, only offered during hours for antenatal services. Furthermore, HIV testing was often located near antenatal services, again contributing to the perception that testing was designed for women – because it was. Based on these findings, I argue that HIV testing is gendered across three levels of the health institution: (1) the organizational HIV policies; (2) the physical environment in which testing occurs; and (3) interactions within facilities that require clients to enact qualities typically viewed as feminine in order to successfully receive care (e.g., waiting long hours, being compliant, and being a caregiver).

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Gustafsson, Jenny. "The Role of the United Nations in Preventing Violent Ethnic Conflicts." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21617.

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The aim of the following study was to create a limited framework, based on normative and constructive reflections, of how the UN can work to prevent violent ethnic conflicts. The study was divided into two phases. The first phase originated from Joseph S. Nye’s analytical framework and gave an overview of the theories available on the causes of ethnic conflicts. From these theories three major problems were drawn; poverty, structural inequalities and society in transition. The second phase of the study had a normative and constructive approach, using two overlapping circles of theories. The normative chapter discussed how conflict prevention ought to be in the best of worlds and which moral position the UN should have. The constructive chapter discussed which means and limitations the UN faces considering conflict prevention and how the UN can work to address the major problems outlined in the first phase. The conclusion drawn from the analysis was that the UN has the knowledge, experience and operational capacity to address these issues, but that several problems concerning the UN system and the member states of the UN makes it difficult for the organization to effectively use the potential it has to prevent violent ethnic conflicts.

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Lourenço-Lindell, Ilda. "Walking the tight rope : Informal livelihoods and social networks in a West African city." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1385.

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Trends towards ‘informalization’ are looming large in the world today. African cities have long been characterised by the presence of an ‘informal sector’ but are now experiencing new waves of ‘informalization’. Policies of liberalisation and structural adjustment are both changing the conditions under which urban dwellers make a living and encouraging states to abdicate from responsibilities for popular welfare. In this context, urbanites increasingly rely on informal ways of income earning and of social security provisioning. This book is about processes of ‘informalization’ in the West African city of Bissau in Guinea-Bissau. It begins with a historical account of the way conditions of informality have evolved through the encounter of locally specific forms of informal relations with colonialism and the socialist era. This is followed by an analysis of how disadvantaged groups who rely on informal ways of provisioning are faring in the context of contemporary changes. The study looks at both the informal income-generating activities and the social networks that urbanites engage in to sustain their income activities and their consumption. It seeks to assess whether these groups are coping with these wider changes or are becoming marginalised from networks of assistance and from activities that provide sufficient incomes. The social relations pervading access to support and livelihood resources as well as the informal rules governing such access are in focus. Forms of regulation in the informal sphere are also discussed.

This thesis won the prize of “Best doctoral thesis in the Social Sciences at Stockholm University in 2001-2002”. Författaren är numera verksam vid Nordiska Afrikainstitutet

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Sullivan, Celeste M. "Language use in Lahore : the role of culture, social structure, and economics in shaping communication patterns and language form in a Pakistani multilingual community /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174680.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structure sociale – Rome'

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