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Smudja, Marija, Sladjana Lukovic, and Danijela Petrovic. "SOCIJALNA DISTANCA I STRUKTURA STEREOTIPA UČENIKA OSNOVNE ŠKOLE PREMA ROMIMA." Zbornik radova, no. 21 (December 2019): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbradova21.089s.
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Social distance has been the subject of numerous research papers; the issue of researching social distance toward Roma is especially important. There are several aims of our study. The basic goal of the research is to determine the existence and intensity of social distance towards Roma held by primary school students. The specific goal of the research is to determine the differences in the presence of social distance held by students who often interact with Roma children, as well as those who rarely interact with them. The research sample consisted of 152 participants (71 fourth-grade students and 81 eighth-grade students; 85 boys and 67 girls). The Bogardus’s Scale, modified for children, was used for researching the social distance. Furthermore, the research implied two focus groups for the qualitative data to be obtained. The results showed the existance of social distance toward Roma students. Furthermore, according to this data, the least desirable relationship was sitting in the same school bench with Roma children, whereas the most acceptable relationship was going to the same school with Roma. Moreover, it was established that students having more relationships with Roma had lower social distance toward them as well. Qualitative data analysis shows higher level of negative stereotypes and attitudes toward Roma. It is essential to combine quantitative and qualitative measures for the purpose of getting the unbiased description of social distance toward Roma.
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Buschinger, Danielle. "Les structures sociales dans le Tristrant d'Eilhart von Oberg." Romania 108, no. 429 (1987): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/roma.1987.1825.
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Żarnowski, Janusz. "The Polish Intelligentsia since 1944. Social Structure and Social Roles." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 15, no. 7 (December 1, 2007): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.236.
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Adashev, Azimjon Urinboevich, and Abdulkholik Mukhiddin Ugli Ismoilov. "The Role Of Small Business In The Management Of The Organized Structure." American Journal of Applied sciences 03, no. 04 (April 29, 2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue04-11.
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Small business is one of the most important sectors of the national economy. At the same time, small businesses play an important role not only in the national economy, but also in the social sphere. The article considers the nature of the organizational structure of the activities of small businesses and makes recommendations.
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Sharma, Devyani. "Scalar effects of social networks on language variation." Language Variation and Change 29, no. 3 (October 2017): 393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394517000205.
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AbstractThe role of social networks in language variation has been studied using a wide range of metrics. This study critically examines the effect of different dimensions of networks on different aspects of language variation. Three dimensions of personal network (ethnicity, nationality, diversity) are evaluated in relation to three levels of language structure (phonetic form, accent range, language choice) over three generations of British Asians. The results indicate a scaling of network influences. The two metrics relating to qualities of an individual's ties are more historically and culturally specific, whereas the network metric that relates to the structure of an individual's social world appears to exert a more general effect on accent repertoires across generations. This two-tier typology—network qualities (more culturally contingent) and network structures (more general)—facilitates an integrated understanding of previous studies and a more structured methodology for studying the effect of social networks on language.
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Wardani, Yanuar Kusuma, Yori Herwangi, and Ahmad Sarwadi. "Peran Struktur Sosial dalam Pembangunan Sarana Prasarana Permukiman Perkotaan (Studi Kasus: PLPBK Kelurahan Karangwaru Kecamatan Tegalrejo Kota Yogyakarta)." Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Widya Praja 44, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33701/jipwp.v44i1.215.
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Social structure is one of the important elements in development. Elements in the social structure will form relationships and form joint actions on the program. PLPBK Program in Karangwaru Village, Tegalrejo Sub-District, Yogyakarta City has focus on society. Social life is closely related to social structure. Based on the explanation, the purpose of this research is to determine the role of social structure in the PLPBK program in Karangwaru Village. The approach of this research is deductive qualitative. The method of analysis used is descriptive qualitative. Methods of data collection using field observation, secondary survey, and primary survey. Sampling technique of primary survey using non-probability sampling that is purposive sampling. The results showed that the social structure in Karangwaru Village has a positive and negative role in the PLPBK program. Social institutions, social groups, power and authority, and culture have a positive role while social stratification and social dynamics have a positive and negative role. The function of social structures such as maintaining patterns, integration, achieving objectives, and adaptation has been demonstrated by the social structure in the PLPBK program at Karangwaru Village.Keywords: Development; Infrastructure; Social Structure; Society
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Wilkinson, Michael. "Charismatic Christianity and the Role of Social Networks." PNEUMA 38, no. 1-2 (2016): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-03801005.
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This article offers a sociological examination of the role of networks among charismatic Christians, with specific attention to Catch the Fire and the Revival Alliance. Drawing upon social network theory, it shows how religious networks in global society are relational, asymmetrical, and infused with apostolic authority. A case study of Catch the Fire reveals that the network is primarily collaborative in its structure. However, there are some relationships in the network that are more important than others, as evidenced by the dense social ties among members. Furthermore, the network is structured according to gender with the benefits of social capital favoring men. The network also overlaps with other networks through key relationships, especially the New Apostolic Reformation and other charismatic ministries associated with the prosperity gospel.
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COOPER, BARRY, ANDREW E. M. LEWIS-PYE, ANGSHENG LI, YICHENG PAN, and XI YONG. "Establishing social cooperation: The role of hubs and community structure." Network Science 6, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2018.3.
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AbstractPrisoner's Dilemma (PD) games have become a well-established paradigm for studying the mechanisms by which cooperative behavior may evolve in societies consisting of selfish individuals. Recent research has focused on the effect of spatial and connectivity structure in promoting the emergence of cooperation in scenarios where individuals play games with their neighbors, using simple “memoryless” rules to decide their choice of strategy in repeated games. While heterogeneity and structural features such as clustering have been seen to lead to reasonable levels of cooperation in very restricted settings, no conditions on network structure have been established, which robustly ensure the emergence of cooperation in a manner that is not overly sensitive to parameters such as network size, average degree, or the initial proportion of cooperating individuals. Here, we consider a natural random network model, with parameters that allow us to vary the level of “community” structure in the network, as well as the number of high degree hub nodes. We investigate the effect of varying these structural features and show that, for appropriate choices of these parameters, cooperative behavior does now emerge in a truly robust fashion and to a previously unprecedented degree. The implication is that cooperation (as modelled here by PD games) can become the social norm in societal structures divided into smaller communities, and in which hub nodes provide the majority of inter-community connections.
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Hubbard, Gill. "The Usefulness of Indepth Life History Interviews for Exploring the Role of Social Structure and Human Agency in Youth Transitions." Sociological Research Online 4, no. 4 (February 2000): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.390.
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This paper discusses the usefulness of indepth life history interviews in illustrating the role of social structure and human agency in youth transitions. Drawing on sociological theory and youth transition research, the paper highlights how the role of structure and agency has been perceived by youth researchers. Whilst this literature acknowledges the interplay between structure and agency in transitional processes, the appropriateness of particular research methods for explicating structure and agency needs to be further elucidated. Using data from a study of youth transitions in rural areas of Scotland, a range of transitional experiences from two indepth life history interviews is presented here. This exploratory exercise suggests that life history interviews enable researchers to explore how far social structures provide opportunities and constraints for human agents at the same time as showing how individuals, with their own beliefs and desires, take actions despite the social structures that underlie the immediacy of their experiences.
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Raduski, Nada. "The Roma on the ethnodemographic map of Serbia." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 126 (2009): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0926041r.
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This article presents the ethnodemographic changes of Roma population and the most important socio-economic structures according to the 2002 census results. The number and the share of the Roma in the total population of Serbia are resulted by the natural increase, the migration and particularly changed declaration on national affiliation. Demographic development of the Roma population is characterized by negative tendencies in natural movement, as well as, in the most important demographic structures (age structure of population, educational and economic structures of population, etc.). Their social, economic, political and cultural position is very difficult, as a result of their marginalization, segregation and discrimination. The basic condition and the way for social promotion and integration of the Roma population in the society are schooling and education of that nationality.
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Nanfouhoro Paul-Kévin, Ouattara. "Agriculture À Base D’anacarde Et Formes Traditionnelles De Mobilisation De La Main D’oeuvre Agricole Chez Les Fohobélé Au Centre-Nord De La Côte d'Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 21 (June 30, 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n21p265.
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Le système de production agricole des Fohobélé est basé sur une main d’oeuvre provenant principalement de la famille dite élargie et du nabonron qui est une institution sociale destinée à mutualiser la force de travail. A la suite de l’adoption de la culture de l’anacarde, l’économie locale s’est structurée autour d’une économie de plantation en remplacement de l’économie fondée sur la culture de rente qu’est le coton. Le présent article vise d’une part à connaitre l’impact de la culture de l’anacarde sur les structures sociales de mobilisation de la main d’oeuvre agricole des Fohobélé et d’autre part à découvrir les nouvelles stratégies de formation de la force de travail agricole. A travers des entretiens semi-directifs avec les acteurs locaux et des observations de terrain, il ressort de l’étude que l’adoption de cette nouvelle spéculation agricole a déstructuré les formes traditionnelles de la force de travail. La famille traditionnelle s’est éclatée pour laisser la place à des familles nucléaires. Le nabonron, forme d’entraide locale a disparu. La force de travail provient désormais de la famille nucléaire avec un rôle plus accru des femmes, des prestations monétarisées et de l’usage des produits chimiques dans l’agriculture.
The Fohobélé agricultural production system is based on a workforce mainly coming from the so-called extended family and the nabonron, which is a social institution intended to pool the labor force. Following the adoption of cashew cultivation, the local economy was structured around a plantation economy to replace the economy based on the cash crop of cotton. This article aims on the one hand to know the impact of cashew cultivation on the social structures of mobilization of the agricultural workforce of the Fohobélé and on the other hand to discover the new strategies of strength training agricultural work. Through semi-structured interviews with local actors and field observations, it emerges from the study that the adoption of this new agricultural speculation has deconstructed the traditional forms of the labor force. The traditional family has split up to make way for nuclear families. The nabonron, a form of local mutual aid, has disappeared. The labor force now comes from the nuclear family with a greater role for women, cash benefits and the use of chemicals in agriculture.
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Mitra, Nayan. "Strategic Role of Mandated Corporate Social Responsibility: The India Story." Journal of Operations and Strategic Planning 2, no. 2 (December 2019): 132–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516600x19890709.
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The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is changing from charity and philanthropy to structures and mandates; from voluntary to statutory! Moreover, with the introduction of this mandated CSR in India, there is a sudden surge in CSR research and the differences in the concept of CSR between developed and developing countries have become evident. It is in this perspective that this research aims to study the macro structure of CSR in India; understand its CSR mandate and document the different tenets of this CSR mandate as found in literature. In the micro context, it also analyzes the mediating role of the (variable) corporate social responsibility (VCSR) between strategic management and firm performance.
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Shkurko, Aleksandr. "Role behavior: A neurosociological perspective." Social Science Information 51, no. 3 (August 20, 2012): 338–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018412441751.
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Recent advances in social neuroscience show that many social phenomena can be traced back to neural processes. Major limitations and contributions of social neuroscience for a better understanding of social phenomena are considered. Social neuroscience is currently guided primarily by psychological notions and theories, thus making it inappropriate for solving sociological problems. Brain research for sociology can be increasingly useful within a branch we call neurosociology. Incorporation of data from cognitive and neuroscience may clarify the low-level structure of social phenomena and contribute to our understanding of social mechanisms. The notion of social status/role is taken as a possible subject of neurosociological research. A number of low-level brain structures and processes are shown to be relevant for the sociological notion of status/role. Examples include findings concerning the possible role of mirror neurons and oxytocin in social cognition and behavior. The idea of modularity is considered as a source of particular neurosociological hypothesis. It is also argued that the study of the neural system may contribute to a better understanding of social categorization, stratification and other macrosociological questions.
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Pladek, Brittany. "‘A Radical causation’: Coleridge's Lyrics and Collective Guilt." Romanticism 23, no. 1 (April 2017): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2017.0307.
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This paper argues that the early lyrics of Samuel Taylor Coleridge explore the ethical work of collective guilt, a feeling with enormous Romantic and contemporary significance. Coleridge's lyrics formally model collective guilt while making a cautious case for its social value. By reading ‘Fears in Solitude’ and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner through recent work in social psychology and the philosophy of ethics, I show how Coleridge creates causalities of feeling, affirming meaningful relationships of responsibility that go beyond personal guilt. I conclude that Romantic lyric offers an ideal form not only for illustrating how collective guilt works as a ‘structure of feeling’, but also for examining the emotion's potential to create positive social change.
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Bukowski, Marcin, Grzegorz Sędek, Małgorzata Kossowska, and Mariusz Trejtowicz. "The impact of background category information on the creation of social cliques: The role of need for cognitive closure and decisiveness." Polish Psychological Bulletin 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-012-0002-9.
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The impact of background category information on the creation of social cliques: The role of need for cognitive closure and decisiveness This article focuses on the role of need for cognitive closure in the process of mental model creation about social relations (i.e. social cliques). We assumed that high (vs. low) need for closure participants tend to rely on background category information when forming social cliques. We predicted that this tendency to employ categorical information as a mental aid, used in order to form social cliques, would be efficient in simple task structures (where category information overlaps with the mental model structure) but would lead to increased error rates in complex task structures (where category information is inconsistent with the model structure). The results confirmed our predictions, showing especially strong effects for the decisiveness component of need for closure. The importance of individual differences in need for closure and decisiveness in social reasoning is discussed.
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Sauer, Nils Christian, and Simone Kauffeld. "The Structure of Interaction at Meetings: A Social Network Analysis." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 60, no. 1 (January 2016): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000201.
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Abstract. Which factors contribute to effective meetings? The interaction among participants plays a key role. Interaction is a relational, interdependent process that constitutes social structure. Applying a network perspective to meeting interactions allows us to take account of the social structure. The aim of this study was to use social network analysis to distinguish functional and dysfunctional interaction structures and gain insight into the facilitation of meetings by analyzing antecedents and consequences of functional interaction structures. Data were based on a field study in which 51 regular meetings were videotaped and coded with act4teams. Analyses revealed that compared with dysfunctional networks, functional interaction is less centralized and has a positive effect on team performance. Social similarity has a crucial effect on functional interaction because participants significantly interact with others who are similar in personal initiative and self-efficacy. Our results provide important information about how to assist the interaction process and promote team success.
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Morano, Carmen, daejun park, and Andrea Savage. "UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND SOCIAL NETWORK FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS’ MENTAL HEALTH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.492.
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Abstract This paper explores the associations of depressive symptoms with social supports and social networks among dementia caregivers. It has been well documented that dementia caregivers are at greater risk of experiencing negative mental health and poorer physical health than non-caregivers. This paper describes a collaborative process between two universities and a community-based provider in designing a Social Network Analyses to examine the network structures used by dementia caregivers participating in a community-based support program. The relationship between the caregiver support networks and depressive symptoms, were analyzed using multivariate regression models. Given the small sample size and missing data multiple imputation was applied to the data. The findings suggest the effects of a variety of supports in the caregiver network on mental health and depressive symptoms. Among the findings it was found that the presence of financial support (B= - 0.58; p = .01) and frequency of contacts (B = -0.58; p = .01) support resulted in a decrease in depressive symptoms and better mental health than for caregivers without similar supports in their networks. This paper will conclude with a discussion of potential uses of social network analysis to better understand how the structure of caregivers’ network can address the concrete physical, emotional and financial needs of dementia caregivers.
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Gueirra, Mordalgo. "Deviant Social Behavior: Cultural perspective, social structure, and society." Interdisciplinary Journal Papier Human Review 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijphr.v1i1.2.
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This article discusses social behavior deviating from the perspective of culture, social structure, and society. Factors Shaping Social Behavior The shape of adolescent social behavior is very much influenced by how he interacts and how the conditions of the environment support and facilitate him well such as the condition of the family environment, school, and the community around him that is conducive or good, it will greatly affect the behavior. can be formed due to internal factors and individual external factors that play a role. The occurrence of cultural tension and social structures can lead to deviant behavior. This happens if, in an effort to achieve a goal a person does not get an opportunity so that he seeks the opportunity himself, deviant behavior occurs. The development of an adolescent's behavior in social life in the community. Sociologically, society, especially adolescents in general, is very vulnerable to external influences. Because of the process of finding their identity, they are easily swayed, still, find it difficult to determine their role model. They are also easily influenced by the lifestyle of the surrounding community. Because their mental condition is still unstable, adolescents are easily affected by environmental conditions so that they have an impact on their personality.
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Croft, Simon, Richard Budgey, Jonathan W. Pitchford, and A. Jamie Wood. "Obstacle avoidance in social groups: new insights from asynchronous models." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 106 (May 2015): 20150178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0178.
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For moving animals, the successful avoidance of hazardous obstacles is an important capability. Despite this, few models of collective motion have addressed the relationship between behavioural and social features and obstacle avoidance. We develop an asynchronous individual-based model for social movement which allows social structure within groups to be included. We assess the dynamics of group navigation and resulting collision risk in the context of information transfer through the system. In agreement with previous work, we find that group size has a nonlinear effect on collision risk. We implement examples of possible network structures to explore the impact social preferences have on collision risk. We show that any social heterogeneity induces greater obstacle avoidance with further improvements corresponding to groups containing fewer influential individuals. The model provides a platform for both further theoretical investigation and practical application. In particular, we argue that the role of social structures within bird flocks may have an important role to play in assessing the risk of collisions with wind turbines, but that new methods of data analysis are needed to identify these social structures.
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Kozubik, Michal, Daniela Filakovska Bobakova, Rastislav Rosinsky, Martina Mojtova, Miroslav Tvrdon, and Jitse P. van Dijk. "Social Structure in a Roma Settlement: Comparison over Time." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 7311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197311.
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The objective of the present study was to compare the social structure and internal establishment of a Roma community in two historical periods: in the 18th century and the present. We analysed Samuel Augustini ab Hortis’s work, “Von dem Heutigen Zustände, Sonderbaren Sitten und Lebensart, Wie Auch von Denen Übrigen Eigenschaften und Umständen der Zigeuner in Ungarn” (On the Contemporary Situation, Distinctive Manners and Way of Life, as Well as the Other Characteristics and Circumstances of Gypsies in Greater Hungary), written in 1775–1776. Using content analysis, we subsequently compared his findings with our recent data from analogous qualitative research in a geographically-defined area of north-eastern Slovakia, the same region in which Augustini lived. Data collection was intensely conducted in 2012–2013 and once more in 2017–2019. The qualitative methods included direct observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Four key informants and more than 70 participants collaborated in the study. The greatest difference we observed compared to the 18th century was the absence of a leader of the community, a “vajda”, whose status was taken over by a new social class of “entrepreneurs”. The most vulnerable group of the segregated and separated Roma communities are the “degesa”, the lowest social class. They face a phenomenon consisting of so-called triple marginalization: they live in one of the most underdeveloped regions of the country, they inhabit segregated settlements and they are excluded by their own ethnic group. The socioeconomic status of the richest classes has changed faces, while the socioeconomic status of the lowest has not. We found a misconception among helping professionals (e.g., social workers) regarding the homogeneity of the Roma community. This calls for more attention to the erroneous use of the ethnic-based approach in the helping professions.
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Fedoseeva, Irina A., Yulia M. Perevozkina, and Maxim M. Gupalov. "Role structure of cadets with different social adaptability level." Perspectives of Science and Education 39, no. 3 (July 11, 2019): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2019.3.27.
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Johnson, Jeffrey, and James Murray. "Social Structure and Technology Transfer." Practicing Anthropology 12, no. 4 (September 1, 1990): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.12.4.3v36t068105l7787.
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Issues surrounding technology transfer and the diffusion of innovations have been a major focus of social scientists. The rush to explore this area, however, has yielded a bewildering array of hypotheses and subsequent findings, as is evident from Everett Rogers's work (Communication of Innovations [New York, Free Press, 1983]). Most of the earlier work employed survey techniques in which the dependent variable, adoption, was related to a number of independent variables, usually characteristics of the adopter (e.g., income, education, cosmopoliteness, in one or several regression models. This approach viewed adoption as a function of the atomistic characteristics of the potential adopter. As such, early investigators often lost sight of the importance of the structure of social relations and their role in the adoption of innovations.
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Flora, Katerina, and Anthi Argyroudi. "Factors Affecting Counseling Services in Social Service Structures Providing Support to Women Who Are Victims of Violence: A Qualitative Research in Greece." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 21-22 (December 5, 2016): 4741–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516681877.
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This qualitative study examines the factors that affect counseling services in structures aimed to provide support to women who are victims of violence. What has created the need to investigate the above issues is the increase in events of violence against women in Greece, and the subsequent development of relevant support and accommodation structures. Despite the clinical experience accumulated, research data from Greece are incomplete. The main research question concerns the factors that affect counseling in violence counseling structures. The participants were 10 professional counselors employed in violence counseling structures. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and their analysis followed the interpretative phenomenological method. The results designate two main axes: the personal and that of the others. The main categories of factors on the “personal” axis highlighted the importance of prior as well as continuing training for the counselor’s work with the specific population; the crucial role of experience, which is characterized as dense and very rich; and the necessary presence of unfailing supervision. Regarding the axis of “the others,” the main categories that emerged are cooperation with colleagues—in the light of interdisciplinarity as well as support—and cooperation with the local authorities and the central responsible body, as an important determinant of the operation of the structure. The results are discussed on the basis of the factors’ importance and of possible implications for finding solutions.
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Reitzes, Dietrich C. "The Role of Organizational Structures." Journal of Social Issues 9, no. 1 (April 14, 2010): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1953.tb01259.x.
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TOMASSINI, MARCO, and ENEA PESTELACCI. "EVOLUTION OF COORDINATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: A NUMERICAL STUDY." International Journal of Modern Physics C 21, no. 10 (October 2010): 1277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311001583x.
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Coordination games are important to explain efficient and desirable social behavior. Here we study these games by extensive numerical simulation on networked social structures using an evolutionary approach. We show that local network effects may promote selection of efficient equilibria in both pure and general coordination games and may explain social polarization. These results are put into perspective with respect to known theoretical results. The main insight we obtain is that clustering, and especially community structure in social networks has a positive role in promoting socially efficient outcomes.
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Lauring, Jakob, and Toke Bjerregaard. "Language Use and International Business: What Can We Learn from Anthropology?" HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 20, no. 38 (March 13, 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v20i38.25907.
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This article addresses the role of language use in international business. It argues that the impact of linguistic differences on the daily workings of international business activities and communication is shaped by the way in which these differences intersect with the social and professional structures of international firms. Thus, the analysis of management across linguistic variation requires an understanding of the character of the social and professional ties in which international business is embedded. The intensity of cross-linguistic challenges in international management is not given by the formal character and structure of linguistic differences only. While the daily practices of language use in an international firm are shaped by its social and professional structure, linguistic practices may also strengthen the social and professional ties shaping the dissemination of information. The role of linguistic differences in everyday business communication both shapes and is shaped by the character of social and professional groupings and networks in an international firm. For management, this means that handling linguistic variation and challenges also requires a consideration of the specific social as well as professional structure of a given international firm. The dynamics between language use and the social structures in which information and resources are embedded and communicated are multidirectional. This is especially clear in an international context. The article is informed by material obtained through an ethnographic fieldwork in a Saudi-Arabian subsidiary of a multinational corporation.
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Boster, James S., Jeffrey C. Johnson, and Susan C. Weller. "Social position and shared knowledge: Actors' perceptions of status, role, and social structure." Social Networks 9, no. 4 (December 1987): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(87)90005-0.
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Craddock, Alan E. "Family structure and sex-role orientation." American Journal of Family Therapy 18, no. 4 (December 1990): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926189008250984.
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Chuang, Yao-Chia. "The Cognative Structure of Role Norms in Taiwan." Asian Journal Of Social Psychology 1, no. 3 (December 1998): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-839x.00016.
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McGarry, Aidan. "Ethnic Group Identity and the Roma Social Movement: Transnational Organizing Structures of Representation." Nationalities Papers 36, no. 3 (July 2008): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990802080661.
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There have been attempts to detail the representation of the Romani community with a focus on both the domestic and transnational political context; however, less is known about how Roma create organizing structures of representation and the role of these structures within the broader social movement. This article seeks to add to this growing research by analysing Roma representation in the transnational political context, as well as unpacking the relationship between ethnic group identity and shared interests. By understanding that ethnic group identity and shared interests are intertwined in the case of Roma, we can begin to understand the numerous challenges faced by the Roma social movement, particularly those relating to political participation and adequate representation.
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Madyukova, Svetlana. "PLACE AND ROLE OF ETHNIC TRADITIONS IN THE SOCIOCULTURAL SPACE." Respublica literaria, RL. 2021. vol.2. no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2021.2.1.84-94.
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The article analyzes approaches to the study of sociocultural space, with a focus on the potential of the concept of “social space” in ethnosociological research. Its most important components have been identified: social and cultural space. The specific function of social space is fixed, namely, the preservation of the structure of social institutions, within which social interactions take place. When analyzing the cultural space, it was shown that cultural specificity is most clearly manifested in ethnic cultures (ethnocultures), the semantic core of which is tradition. The author comes to the conclusion that the totality of social and cultural processes is localized within certain territorial boundaries and is a socio-cultural superstructure over the landscape and climatic space. Spatial development of territories is possible in a situation of maintaining the meaningful uniqueness of the cultural space (realized, first of all, in traditions) within the boundaries of a single social, legal and economic space. social space determines, to a certain extent, the universality of the form (through social institutions and structures), and cultural space determines the content specificity of the sociocultural space.
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Jin, Songchang, Philip S. Yu, Shudong Li, and Shuqiang Yang. "A Parallel Community Structure Mining Method in Big Social Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/934301.
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Community structure plays a key role in analyzing network features and helping people to dig out valuable hidden information. However, how to discover the hidden community structures is one of the biggest challenges in social network analysis, especially when the network size swells to a high level. Infomap is a top-class algorithm in nonoverlapping community structure detection. However, it is designed for single processor. When tackling large networks, its limited scalability makes it less effective in fully utilizing server resources. In this paper, based on infomap, we develop a scalable parallel nonoverlapping community detection method, Pinfomr (parallel Infomap with MapReduce), which utilizes the MapReduce framework to solve the two problems. Experiments on artificial networks and real datasets show that our parallel method has satisfying performance and scalability.
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Yermolenko, Anatolii. "SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIOHUMANITIES." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 5 (December 4, 2020): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2020.05.006.
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In this article the author studies the place and the role of social philosophy in the architecture of the social sciences and humanities. The article focuses on the relationship between social philosophy, theory of society, theoretical sociology and social ethics. Based upon the application of the concept of paradigm in philosophy, the author shows key trends of the development of social sciences and humanities: the turn from the philosophy of conscience to the communication philosophy and the “rehabilitation of the practical philosophy”. In line with these trends, practical discourse philosophy is now playing the central role in the structure of the social sciences and humanities, the author says. By making a distinction between normative and descriptive dimensions of the social sciences and humanities, the author emphasizes the issue of their normative foundation and their moral and ethical re-orientation. The article analyzes discourse as an argumentative practice of founding social norms and values and as a meta-institution legitimizing social institutions. According to this approach, the social philosophy is considered as a meta-theory of social sciences, which include general social theory and theories of social systems. In this context, practical dis- course philosophy is playing a fundamental role for legitimizing specific social institutions. Social ethics also plays an important role, as it complements individual ethics, creating a system of institutional ethics, i.e. of political ethics, economic ethics, ethics of science and technology, environmental ethics. In this architectonics, social responsibility gets a new meaning, incorporating individual responsibility. Social responsibility is not an anonymous responsibility that neglects the individual responsibility, but a common responsibility implemented according to certain rules and procedures and creating the possibility to solve current problems of the globalized humanity.
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Fernandes, Catarina, Susana Silva, Joana Pires, Alexandra Reis, Antónia Jimenez Ros, Luís Janeiro, Luís Faísca, and Ana Teresa Martins. "Eye-Tracking Evidence of a Maintenance Bias in Social Anxiety." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000418.
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Background: The mechanisms and triggers of the attentional bias in social anxiety are not yet fully determined, and the modulating role of personality traits is being increasingly acknowledged. Aims: Our main purpose was to test whether social anxiety is associated with mechanisms of hypervigilance, avoidance (static biases), vigilance-avoidance or the maintenance of attention (dynamic biases). Our secondary goal was to explore the role of personality structure in shaping the attention bias. Method: Participants with high vs low social anxiety and different personality structures viewed pairs of faces (free-viewing eye-tracking task) representing different emotions (anger, happiness and neutrality). Their eye movements were registered and analysed for both whole-trial (static) and time-dependent (dynamic) measures. Results: Comparisons between participants with high and low social anxiety levels did not yield evidence of differences in eye-tracking measures for the whole trial (latency of first fixation, first fixation direction, total dwell time), but the two groups differed in the time course of overt attention during the trial (dwell time across three successive time segments): participants with high social anxiety were slower in disengaging their attention from happy faces. Similar results were obtained using a full-sample, regression-based analysis. Conclusion: Our results speak in favour of a maintenance bias in social anxiety. Preliminary results indicated that personality structure may not affect the maintenance (dynamic) bias of socially anxious individuals, although depressive personality structures may favour manifestations of a (static) hypervigilance bias.
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Tahreem, Sundas, Inayat Ullah, and Tariq Khan. "Binarism, Identity (Crisis) and Power Structures in Postcolonial Anglophone Fiction: Analyzing Discursive Strategies in The God of Small Things." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 5 (July 8, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p100.
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Binary relationship among people of a particular society creates a power correlation that becomes a common social practice of that society with the passage of time. Social structure is based on power structure of any society that defines social identities on the basis of collective social ideology. The present study is based on Fairclough’s approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) that takes discourse as social practice. In this study, an effort has been made to show how social practices create power imbalance in the society. The objectives include study of binary relationships that establish power relationships, role of power structures to define social identities, role of ideology to maintain power and hegemony in social structures and to bring into the limelight the resistance of oppressed class against power structures. The study is delimited to the novel, The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy, and Postcolonial binarism is applied for analysis of the text. Binary relationships of the society have been exclusively studied through Fairclough’s approach to CDA. The analysis shows that social identities are ideologically driven on the basis of power relationships and it is due to ideological construction that certain group of people sets up hegemony and dominated group gives its consent to dominant group. Firstly, discourse forms knowledge which defines social relationship. Secondly, ideology is constructed due to power relationships. Lastly, social roles construct social identities on the basis of ideology. Roy also has created some economically weak and socially marginalized characters in her novel which try to go against established social practices to bring disorder in the hierarchy of social structure. The study has research implications for the fields of Language and Literature as the evaluation deals with the exploration of a literary text through the lens of the theories of language and literature. Researchers can also further the scope of the present study by conducting an exclusive and comprehensive study of the selected novel on marginalization of women in the given society.
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Moreno, Esteban Sánchez, and Ana Barrón López de Roda. "Social Psychology of Mental Health: The Social Structure and Personality Perspective." Spanish Journal of Psychology 6, no. 1 (May 2003): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005163.
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Previous research has revealed a persistent association between social structure and mental health. However, most researchers have focused only on the psychological and psychosocial aspects of that relationship. The present paper indicates the need to include the social and structural bases of distress in our theoretical models. Starting from a general social and psychological model, our research considered the role of several social, environmental, and structural variables (social position, social stressors, and social integration), psychological factors (self-esteem), and psychosocial variables (perceived social support). The theoretical model was tested working with a group of Spanish participants (N = 401) that covered a range of social positions. The results obtained using structural equation modeling support our model, showing the relevant role played by psychosocial, psychological and social, and structural factors. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed.
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Mičurová, V. "Development of structure and exploitation of agriculture land fund in Latvia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 4 (March 1, 2012): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5376-agricecon.
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Agriculture is a sector in Latvia which plays an important role in the country’s economy and the same time performs a significant social, environmental and ethno-cultural function. Latvia has favourable conditions for the development of organic agriculture. The aim of land reform is to reorganise legal, social and economic relationships of land property and land use to facilitate the development of infrastructure, land protection and rational land use according to the interests of society. In Latvia, the land reform is practically carried out in three directions – restitution of real estate rights, privatisation of real property and compensation for previous real estate. At the moment, the main and urgent goal concerns strengthening of the results of land reform. It means that all the information on real estates (land and buildings), uses and area of lease obtained during the previous course of land reform must be reflected into the real property cadastre.
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CIMOLI, MARIO, GABRIEL PORCILE, ANTONIO MARTINS NETO, and FERNANDO SOSSDORF. "Productivity, social expenditure and income distribution in Latin America." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 37, no. 4 (December 2017): 660–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572017v37n04a01.
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ABSTRACT This paper discusses the role of institutions and structural change in shaping income inequality. It is argued that while social expenditure and direct redistribution are crucial for improving income distribution, sustainable equality requires structural change. The relative importance of these variables in different countries is analyzed and a typology suggested. It is argued that the most equal countries in the world combine strong institutions in favor of redistribution and knowledge-intensive production structures that sustain growth and employment in the long run. Both institutions and the production structure in Latin America fail to foster equality and this explains its extremely high levels of inequality. The paper presents empirical evidence that supports this view, based on a sample of developed and developing countries for the period 1990-2010. Institutions for redistribution are captured through social expenditures as a percentage of GDP, while the role of structural change is captured by indicators of the technological intensity of production and the evolution of labor productivity. The technological intensity of the production structure is proxied through two indicators, the Economic Complexity Index and the ECLAC Index of Technological Intensity.
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Canepari, Eleonora. "Structures associatives, ressources urbaines et intégration sociale des migrants (Rome, XVIe-XVIIe siècle)." Annales de démographie historique 124, no. 2 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/adh.124.0015.
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Handono, Setiyo Yuli. "TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL DESA ADAT MENJADI DESA WISATA EDELWEIS: PERPEKTIF TEORI STRUKTURISASI “ANTHONY GIDDENS”." AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL 13, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/aj.v13i2.13953.
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The phenomenon of social change that occurred in Wonokitri Village, Sub-District of Tosari, Pasuruan Regency was very pronounced from the early 2000s until 2019. Changes not only change physical conditions even socially and economically also change very rapidly. These changes occur through planning and the role of parties from internal and external. The formulation of the problem includes: 1) who are the agents and structures in social change? Wonokitri Village (formerly known as Desa Adat) becomes a Tourism Village; The analysis in this research uses Anthony Giddens' structuration theory which explains the concept of agent and structure, space and time, as well as the relationship of structure with agent's social practice. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study method. Data collection uses observation, which is observing the condition of the village environment and various social practices of agents and the Wonokitri community in relation to the research context, interviews with key and additional informants, and gathering various documentation.The results showed that there were three main agents (tayuban / teropan: pardi and budi, jeep tourism and homestay: sukir) from the Wonokitri community who had influence in the community. The role he does in social change is through socialization, coordination, synergy and cooperation. The existing structure comes from the Wonokitri community and their social practices which are motivated by their practical and discursive awareness as well as the role of community leaders (Village Head: Pak Iksan), traditional leaders (Customary Chair: Pak Kadik) through their structural policies. The relationship between the agent and the structure in change occurs through the scheme of domination structure (control of the agent over the structure), continuing significance (the invitation of the agent to the structure), and achieving the scheme of legitimacy (justification for the agent's efforts by the structure).
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Noyes, Alexander, and Frank C. Keil. "There is no privileged link between kinds and essences early in development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 20 (May 4, 2020): 10633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003627117.
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According to the dominant view of category representation, people preferentially infer that kinds (richly structured categories) reflect essences. Generic language (“Boys like blue”) often occupies the central role in accounts of the formation of essentialist interpretations—especially in the context of social categories. In a preregistered study (n = 240 American children, ages 4 to 9 y), we tested whether children assume essences in the presence of generic language or whether they flexibly assume diverse causal structures. Children learned about a novel social category described with generic statements containing either biological properties or cultural properties. Although generic language always led children to believe that properties were nonaccidental, young children (4 or 5 y) in this sample inferred the nonaccidental structure was socialization. Older children (6 to 9 y) flexibly interpreted the category as essential or socialized depending on the type of properties that generalized. We uncovered early-emerging flexibility and no privileged link between kinds and essences.
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Lobachevska, Ganna, and Claus-Heinrich Daub. "The role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the decision-making process of consumers in Ukraine." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(1).2021.07.
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This paper aims to investigate the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies on consumer buying behavior in the Ukrainian market. The qualitative data for this study were collected with the help of semi-structured interviews conducted with a total of 10 respondents, including 5 Ukrainian consumers (with different levels of responsible consumption adoption) and 5 CSR experts from FMCG companies located in Ukraine (both local and global; with CSR adoption level varying from low to well-developed). The data obtained for this study revealed that the level of consumer awareness about CSR in Ukraine is still low. However, the level of awareness and the actual consumption of responsible products are constantly growing. The results also show that Ukrainian consumers who already have some level of awareness about CSR perceive CSR communication as more credible when it does not originate from the company directly or is endorsed by a third party. At the same time, interviewed experts stated that to raise awareness among the wider population, FMCG companies have to communicate their CSR achievements directly and massively. Ukrainian consumers are mostly impacted by the product-related CSR type, such as bio-ingredients and sustainable packaging. Price premium for responsible products is the key factor that causes the “intention-behavior gap” in Ukraine.Practitioners from the FMCG industry in Ukraine may use the information provided by this study to shape their CSR strategies, which will allow them to cater to societal demands and, as a result, impact consumer buying behavior.
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LUNKIN, R. N. "The Social and Political Role of Religion in Europe: the Demand for Christian Identity." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 4 (October 16, 2018): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-46-64.
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Inthearticleanalyzedthesocial and political role of Christian churches, their position in Europe from the pint of view of statistics and presence of the faith-based organizations in the society. The author made a conclusion that the politicized Christianity on the European continent tied with the preserving of the role of Christian churches in the social structure as with the secularizationthatdidnotbecomedesecularization (thereturningofreligiontouchedonlyLatin America,Africa,Asia)andcreatedthevacuum of identity. The weakness of the modern Western European society in its capacity to defend and express the identity forced politicians to seek the support from Christian worldview. Different confessions demonstrated stable development and social mobility in the period of the formation of EU structures. The European politicization of Christianity became the part of the world process of the transfiguration of the religion into a way of the self expression of multiple identities in the circumstances of the inevitable globalization and becoming of the democracy as the optimal form of the social existence. The basic features of the process: the high number of church affiliated (faith based) civil organizations, network church activity, the possibility to reflect various forms of identity in a frames of the Christianized democratic structures.
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Sikandar, Aliya, and Nasreen Hussain. "Language Ideologies in a Business Institute: A Case Study of Linguistic and Socio-Cultural Realities." Journal of Education and Educational Development 1, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v1i2.38.
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This case study explored the English language related ideologies of different management groups and student representatives at a business school of Karachi, Pakistan. The study tried to bring an insider’s perspective to the causes of certain language ideologies prevalent in the business school’s social structure, and the role language played in power relations between the main actors of the community. For this purpose, a sample of four research participants from each of the focussed management cadres was selected for study. Analysis of semi-structured interviews, administered on the participants, was done using Fairclough’s (2009) dialectical-relational approach of critical discourse analysis (CDA). The study suggested the prevalence of certain language ideologies that were manifested and latent in the discourses of the participants. These deeply rooted beliefs were predominantly patterned by centering authorities: language became a means for those in power to sustain their hegemony and maintain social stratification in society. Functionally, English played a stratifying role, and also was found to be extensively perceived as a commodity, a product that is to be acquired or attained. The study realised this social wrong of inequity and divide in a particular community, and on the basis of the findings, recommends a reorganizing of social structures into those of more inclusive and democratic ones for the operationalizing of equality and fairness in social practices.
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Tomás, José M., Melchor Gutiérrez, and Patricia Sancho. "Factorial Validity of the General Health Questionnaire 12 in an Angolan Sample." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 33, no. 2 (March 2017): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000278.
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Abstract. Most evidence available has found multidimensional solutions for the General Health Questionnaire’s (GHQ12) structure, contrary to the authors’ original one-factor solution. Recently, the study of method effects associated to negatively worded items has been included in the study of GHQ12’s factor structure, and the most common conclusion has been that the best-fitting structure is a single factor confounded by response bias. Current study analyzes the factor structure of the Portuguese version of the GHQ12. The sample consisted of 1,332 young Angolan adults. Previously-reported structures, including one-factor and multidimensional substantive ones, as well as bifactor structures, and models positing method effects among negatively worded items were tested via Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Results suggested that a three substantive factor solution adequately represented the scale’s underlying structure. The emerging factors were dysphoria, social dysfunction, and loss of confidence. Method effects did not play a clear role in explaining the multidimensionality observed in the factor structures tested for the GHQ12.
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Cowtan, K. "Structural barriers to scientific progress." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 76, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798320011201.
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Structural biases, which are intrinsic in the social structures in which we function, play a key role in maintaining boundaries between traditionally privileged and underprivileged groups; however, they are particularly difficult to identify from within those societies. Two instances are highlighted in which the social structures of science appear to have discouraged collaboration, to the disadvantage of software and data users. Possible links are suggested to the strongly hierarchical structure of science and other factors which may in turn also serve to maintain sex and/or gender disparities in participation in the scientific endeavour.
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CHILINGARYAN, LUSINE. "CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL-ROLE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 16, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v16i1.333.
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To lead, means to assess the psychological dynamics of the members of the organization in time, set specific tasks for them, regulate interactions between them, stimulate the working mood between them, affect the appearance of opinions, on the processes of formation of goals and trends of the latter. Effective managerial activity is directly influenced by the components of the psychological structure of the leader, which have a significant importance for the social-role characteristics of its action.
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SCHWALBE, MICHAEL L. "Role Taking Reconsidered: Linking Competence and Performance to Social Structure." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 18, no. 4 (December 1988): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1988.tb00508.x.
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Maroulis, Spiro. "The Role of Social Network Structure in Street-Level Innovation." American Review of Public Administration 47, no. 4 (November 5, 2015): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074015611745.
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In considering how peer relationships can aid street-level bureaucrats in doing their jobs, existing literature has emphasized the importance of peers in providing the social and emotional support required to deal with uncertain and stressful working situations. By applying a social network perspective to examine the innovative behavior of a sample of teachers in a large urban high school, this article highlights the importance of an additional factor: the location of a frontline worker’s position in the larger structure of social connections within the organization. In particular, multilevel statistical models reveal a positive association between the extent to which an experienced teacher is located in a network position that bridges across different organizational subgroups and his or her level of innovation, suggesting that experienced frontline workers may benefit from the information diversity that comes from having multiple and diverse social contacts. More generally, the study highlights the value of complementing individual and organizational insights with network-level perspectives for understanding the discretionary behavior of frontline professionals.
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Sljukic, Srdjan. "Changes in social structure and the role of the peasantry." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 146 (2014): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1446071s.
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Modernization processes in rural areas not only lead to the separation of peasant (traditional) and rural, due to the deagrarization and changes of cultural and political patterns, but also to full integration of agriculture into the social division of labor. As a part of economy, agriculture, in a social sense, ceased to be linked exclusively to rural areas, which enables the distinction between sociology of agriculture and rural sociology. In this paper, the changes in class/strata structure of agriculture that took place during the last two decades in the Serbian society are described and explained. After that, an attempt was made to explain this new structure in the context of a broader structure of Serbian society and its reproduction, taking into the consideration the existing views (Lazic/Cvejic). The author especially emphasises his critical views on some disputable issues.