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Journal articles on the topic 'Structure transition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Fraisse, Alain, Béatrice Bonello, Alexis Theron, Jérome Bouet, Sébastien Renard, and Gilbert Habib. "Structure de transition." La Presse Médicale 38 (December 2009): 1S34–1S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0755-4982(09)73423-2.

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2

Abdel Rahim, Gladys Patricia, Jairo Arbey Rodríguez, and M. Guadalupe Moreno-Armenta. "First Principles Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of ZrC." Solid State Phenomena 257 (October 2016): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.257.211.

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Zirconium carbide (ZrC) is technologically important in devices that must function at high temperatures, and its ground state is a NaCl like structure. Changes of the structure and electronic properties of ZrC under high pressure were studied within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). This research was performed for several structures, such as NaCl type (B1), CsCl type (B2), ZnS type (B3), wurtzite type (B4) and NiAs type (B8) structures for ZrC, looking for possible phase transitions induced by high pressure, and four phase transitions were found: the first is the well-known phase transition from the B1 structure to the B2 structure, which occurs at around ~291 GPa. Additionally, in the present paper we found other phase transitions: from the B8 structure to the B2 structure, from the B4 structure to the B2 structure, and lastly from the B3 structure to the B2 structure. Electronic bands are exhibited at zero pressure and temperature (with spin-orbit coupling) for the five structures. For the transition from the B1 structure to the B2 structure, bands are exhibited for two pressures, one before and the other after the transition occurs. The band structure shows that all the structures studied are metallic and nonmagnetic, with the exception the B3 structure, which exhibits a semi-metallic and nonmagnetic behaviour.

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3

Fu, Zhi Jian, Li Jun Jia, and Wei Long Quan. "Phase Transition and ThermodynamicProperties of OsN₂under High Pressure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 660–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.660.

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The lattice parameters, phase transition, and thermodynamic properties of OsN2in pyrite and fluorite structure are investigated by first-principles calculations. The pressure and temperature induced phase transitions of OsN2from fluorite structure to pyrite structure have been obtained. It is found that the transition pressure of OsN2at zero temperature is 158.2 GPa, and there exists no transition temperature. In addition, the thermal expansion, the Debye temperature, and the Grüneisen parameter in diverse pressures and temperatures about these two structures have also been obtained. Key words: transition phase; thermodynamic properties; OsN2PACS numbers: 71.15.Mb, 64.70.Kb

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4

Hubbard, Gill. "The Usefulness of Indepth Life History Interviews for Exploring the Role of Social Structure and Human Agency in Youth Transitions." Sociological Research Online 4, no. 4 (February 2000): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.390.

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This paper discusses the usefulness of indepth life history interviews in illustrating the role of social structure and human agency in youth transitions. Drawing on sociological theory and youth transition research, the paper highlights how the role of structure and agency has been perceived by youth researchers. Whilst this literature acknowledges the interplay between structure and agency in transitional processes, the appropriateness of particular research methods for explicating structure and agency needs to be further elucidated. Using data from a study of youth transitions in rural areas of Scotland, a range of transitional experiences from two indepth life history interviews is presented here. This exploratory exercise suggests that life history interviews enable researchers to explore how far social structures provide opportunities and constraints for human agents at the same time as showing how individuals, with their own beliefs and desires, take actions despite the social structures that underlie the immediacy of their experiences.

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5

Zhao, Yongling, Chengwang Lei, and John C. Patterson. "The K-type and H-type transitions of natural convection boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 824 (July 5, 2017): 352–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.354.

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The K-type and H-type transitions of a natural convection boundary layer of a fluid of Prandtl number 7 adjacent to an isothermally heated vertical surface are investigated by means of three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS). These two types of transitions refer to different flow features at the transitional stage from laminar to turbulence caused by two different types of perturbations. To excite the K-type transition, superimposed Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) and oblique waves of the same frequency are introduced into the boundary layer. It is found that a three-layer longitudinal vortex structure is present in the boundary layer undergoing the K-type transition. The typical aligned $\wedge$-shaped vortices characterizing the K-type transition are observed for the first time in pure natural convection boundary layers. For exciting the H-type transition, superimposed TS and oblique waves of different frequencies, with the frequency of the oblique waves being half of the frequency of the TS waves, are introduced into the boundary layer. Unlike the three-layer longitudinal vortex structure observed in the K-type transition, a double-layer longitudinal vortex structure is observed in the boundary layer undergoing the H-type transition. The successively staggered $\wedge$-shaped vortices characterizing the H-type transition are also observed in the downstream boundary layer. The staggered pattern of $\wedge$-shaped vortices is considered to be caused by temporal modulation of the TS and oblique waves. Interestingly the flow structures of both the K-type and H-type transitions observed in the natural convection boundary layer are qualitatively similar to those observed in Blasius boundary layers. However, an analysis of turbulence energy production suggests that the turbulence energy production by buoyancy rather than Reynolds stresses dominates the K-type and H-type transitions. In contrast, the turbulence energy production by Reynolds stresses is the only factor contributing to the transition in Blasius boundary layers.

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6

Reynolds, Christopher A., and Colin Thomson. "Standard transition-structure geometries." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 2 83, no. 6 (1987): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f29878300961.

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7

Blinc, R., B. Zalar, and Alan Gregorovic. "NMR and the local structure of relaxors." Science of Sintering 34, no. 1 (2002): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0201003b.

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The relaxor transition in cubic perovskite relaxors (PMN, PSN and PST) and tungsten bronze relaxor (SBN) has been studied by NMR. The observed spectra are composed of a narrow -1/2 ? 1/2 central transition superimposed on a broad background due to satellite transitions. The chemical heterogeneity, responsible for relaxor properties, is reflected here in the structure of the central transition part. The latter is composed of two components, one due to ordered and the other due to disordered regions. Despite of the fact that the macroscopic symmetry does not change when relaxor transition occurs, a non-zero quadruple coupling constant determined from NMR clearly demonstrates the broken local symmetry.

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8

Van Gent, Marcel R. A., Guido Wolters, and Ivo M. Van der Werf. "ROCK SLOPES WITH OPEN FILTERS UNDER WAVE LOADING: EFFECTS OF STORM DURATION AND WATER LEVEL VARIATIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.6.

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Rubble mound breakwaters and revetments typically contain granular filters in one or more layers. The transition from the armour layer to the filter layer, and transitions between other layers within the structure, are normally geometrically tight to prevent material washout. This requires a limited ratio of the material size of the upper layer and neighbouring layer. An alternative is a geometrically open filter where in principle underlayer material can be transported into the upper layer, but if the hydraulic load at this transition between two layers remains low, the transition can be designed such that no or limited transport occurs, see for instance Van Gent and Wolters (2015), Van Gent et al (2015) and Jacobsen et al, (2017). This allows for larger ratios of material sizes, which can reduce the number of filter layers, and relax the material requirements with respect to the width of gradings. This can lead to considerable cost savings. In Van Gent and Wolters (2015) physical model tests for the transition between a layer of rock and an underlayer that consists of sand have been performed and design guidelines have been derived. Here, additional physical model tests are presented to study the influence of the storm duration and water level variations on the response of sand underneath a layer of rock.

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9

WATANABE, Shun, Yutaka ABE, Akiko KANEKO, Fumitoshi WATANABE, and Kenichi TEZUKA. "ICONE19-43420 INVESTIGATION OF FLOW STRUCTURE TRANSITION IN LOWER PLENUM OF ABWR." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_173.

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10

Mpofu, Elias, and Keith B. Wilson. "Opportunity Structure and Transition Practices with Students with Disabilities: The Role of Family, Culture, and Community." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.35.2.9.

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The family, culture of origin and community comprise opportunity structures for the transition of students with disabilities from school to adulthood. A distinction is made between perceived and actual opportunity structure. Perceived opportunity structure is the subjective meaning that students ascribe to family, culture of origin, and community as instruments of transition. Actual opportunity structure is the objective characteristics of family, culture of origin and community that constitute the context of transition. When the students' characteristics are considered, transitional services can at times, fall short of desired outcomes. The success of students with disabilities who are transitioning from school to adult status is greater when rehabilitation services provide a seamless connection between family, culture and community as resources for transition.

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11

Ge, Ni-Na, Yong-Kai Wei, Jia-Jin Tan, Guang-Fu Ji, and Yan Cheng. "Physical properties of osmium dinitride with fluorite, pyrite, marcasite, and monoclinic structures under high pressure: First-principles study." Canadian Journal of Physics 93, no. 4 (April 2015): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0228.

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The structure, phase transition, elastic, and thermodynamic properties of OsN2 have been studied via first-principles calculations. It is shown that the CoSb2 structure is more stable than other structures. By the calculated H-P relations at 0 K, we found that the phase transition of OsN2 from CoSb2 structure to marcasite structure (ε → δ) occurs at 16.8 GPa, while the phase transition pressure between pyrite structure and fluorite structure (γ → α) is 80 GPa. The results of obtained phase transitions are also confirmed by bond length, sound velocity, and thermal expansion coefficient under different pressures. The pressure dependences of the elastic constants, mechanical stability, and mechanical anisotropy of four structures of OsN2 have been investigated by finding that the fluorite (pyrite and marcasite) structure OsN2 is mechanically stable under hydrostatic pressure (up to 60 GPa). However, the monoclinic structure is mechanically unstable under pressure from 0 to 60 Gpa. The calculated elastic anisotropic factors show that OsN2 possesses high elastic anisotropy under pressure. Moreover, the calculations on total density of states show that OsN2 of different structures has a metallic character, in agreement with previous theoretical results. The thermodynamic properties and sound velocity under diverse pressures of OsN2 of the four structures have been also investigated successfully.

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12

Lyle, Matthew J., Chris J. Pickard, and Richard J. Needs. "Prediction of 10-fold coordinated TiO2 and SiO2 structures at multimegabar pressures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 22 (May 19, 2015): 6898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500604112.

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We predict by first-principles methods a phase transition in TiO2 at 6.5 Mbar from the Fe2P-type polymorph to a ten-coordinated structure with space group I4/mmm. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the pressure-induced phase transition to the I4/mmm structure among all dioxide compounds. The I4/mmm structure was found to be up to 3.3% denser across all pressures investigated. Significant differences were found in the electronic properties of the two structures, and the metallization of TiO2 was calculated to occur concomitantly with the phase transition to I4/mmm. The implications of our findings were extended to SiO2, and an analogous Fe2P-type to I4/mmm transition was found to occur at 10 TPa. This is consistent with the lower-pressure phase transitions of TiO2, which are well-established models for the phase transitions in other AX2 compounds, including SiO2. As in TiO2, the transition to I4/mmm corresponds to the metallization of SiO2. This transformation is in the pressure range reached in the interiors of recently discovered extrasolar planets and calls for a reformulation of the equations of state used to model them.

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13

Zhou, Ling, Yong Liu, and Bing Hua Sun. "Solvents-Induced Structure Transitions in Copolymer Films." Advanced Materials Research 684 (April 2013): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.684.94.

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Structure transitions induced by selective solvents in diblock copolymer films are investigated by density functional theory. By changing the selectivity and the packing fraction of selective solvents, the disorder-lamellar transition, the position switched lamellar phase transitions and the reentrant transitions are observed. Phase diagrams are constructed to clarify these effects. The results provide an effective way to control the transitions between the different microstructures.

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14

Li, Xiao-Wei, Hong-Bo Bai, Yin Wang, Jin-Fu Zhang, and Hong-Fei Dong. "Isospin and symmetry structure in 22Ne." International Journal of Modern Physics E 27, no. 03 (March 2018): 1850027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301318500271.

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Band structure and electromagnetic transition properties of the low-lying states in the [Formula: see text]Ne nucleus were studied within the framework of interacting boson model (IBM) 3. The isospin excitation states, low-lying symmetry states, the main components of the eigen-state, isoscalar and isovector parts in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] transitions for low-lying states have been investigated. According to this study, the calculated results are in agreement with experimental data, and the nucleus [Formula: see text]Ne is in transition from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text].

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15

Clemens, Bruce M. "Structure of early transition metal-late transition metal multilayers." Journal of the Less Common Metals 140 (June 1988): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(88)90367-0.

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16

Du, Quan, Zhen Wang, and Vern L. Schramm. "Human DNMT1 transition state structure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 11 (February 29, 2016): 2916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522491113.

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Human DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) maintains the epigenetic state of DNA by replicating CpG methylation signatures from parent to daughter strands, producing heritable methylation patterns through cell divisions. The proposed catalytic mechanism of DNMT1 involves nucleophilic attack of Cys1226 to cytosine (Cyt) C6, methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to Cyt C5, and proton abstraction from C5 to form methylated CpG in DNA. Here, we report the subangstrom geometric and electrostatic structure of the major transition state (TS) of the reaction catalyzed by human DNMT1. Experimental kinetic isotope effects were used to guide quantum mechanical calculations to solve the TS structure. Methyl transfer occurs after Cys1226 attack to Cyt C6, and the methyl transfer step is chemically rate-limiting for DNMT1. Electrostatic potential maps were compared for the TS and ground states, providing the electronic basis for interactions between the protein and reactants at the TS. Understanding the TS of DNMT1 demonstrates the possibility of using similar analysis to gain subangstrom geometric insight into the complex reactions of epigenetic modifications.

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17

Loganantharaj, Raja, and Vivek Philip. "On predicting secondary structure transition." International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications 3, no. 4 (2007): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbra.2007.015413.

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18

GOHARA, KAZUTOSHI, and ARATA OKUYAMA. "FRACTAL TRANSITION: HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND NOISE EFFECT." Fractals 07, no. 03 (September 1999): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x99000311.

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A Sierpinski gasket with continuous trajectories is presented as an example of the fractal transition that characterizes the behavior of dissipative dynamical systems excited by external temporal inputs. Using this example, we investigate the fractal transition from two points of views, i.e. a hierarchical structure and a noise effect. Depending on internal and external parameters, the structure can be geometrically classified as one of three types, i.e. totally disconnected, just-touching, and overlapping. For the totally disconnected structure, continuous trajectories and their starting points can be characterized by a definite hierarchical tree structure. Even for the just-touching and overlapping structure, a similar hierarchy exists. White noise contaminating the external inputs breaks the hierarchy. In particular, small clustered structures are sensitive to the noise. In such a case, the difference between trajectories and starting points is remarkable in the hierarchy.

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19

Hu, Xi Duo, De Hai Zhu, Zhi Feng Zeng, and Shao Rui Sun. "The Theoretical Study of the Cinnabar-to-Rocksalt Phase Transitions of HgTe and CdTe under High Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1608.

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We performed the first-principle calculation to study the structures of cinnabar phase and the Cinnabar-to-rocksalt Phase transitions of HgTe and CdTe under high pressure. The calculated results show that for HgTe, the zincblende-to-cinnabar phase transition is under 2.2GPa, and the cinnabar-to-rocksalt phase transition is under 5.5 GPa; For CdTe, the two phase transitions occur under 4.0 GPa and 4.9 GPa, respectively, which well agree with the experimental results. The cinnabar-to-rocksalt phase transitions of most compounds, including HgTe and CdTe, except HgS are of first-order, and it is due to that their cinnabar phases are not chain structure as HgS and there are no relaxation process before the phase transition.

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20

Sayadi, Taraneh, Curtis W. Hamman, and Parviz Moin. "Direct numerical simulation of complete H-type and K-type transitions with implications for the dynamics of turbulent boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 724 (April 29, 2013): 480–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.142.

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AbstractThe onset and development of turbulence from controlled disturbances in compressible ($\mathit{Ma}= 0. 2$), flat-plate boundary layers is studied by direct numerical simulation. We have validated the initial disturbance development, confirmed that H- and K-regime transitions were reproduced and, from these starting points, we carried these simulations beyond breakdown, past the skin-friction maximum and to higher Reynolds numbers than investigated before to evaluate how these two flow regimes converge towards turbulence and what transitional flow structures embody the statistics and mean dynamics of developed turbulence. We show that H- and K-type breakdowns both relax toward the same statistical structure typical of developed turbulence at high Reynolds number immediately after the skin-friction maximum. This threshold marks the onset of self-sustaining mechanisms of near-wall turbulence. At this point, computed power spectra exhibit a decade of Kolmogorov inertial subrange; this is further evidence of convergence to equilibrium turbulence at the late stage of transition. Here, visualization of the instantaneous flow structure shows numerous, tightly packed hairpin vortices (Adrian, Phys. Fluids, vol. 19, 2007, 041301). Strongly organized coherent hairpin structures are less perceptible farther downstream (at higher Reynolds numbers), but the flow statistics and near-wall dynamics are the same. These structurally simple hairpin-packet solutions found in the very late stages of H- and K-type transitions obey the statistical measurements of higher-Reynolds-number turbulence. Comparison with the bypass transition of Wu & Moin (Phys. Fluids, vol. 22, 2010, pp. 85–105) extends these observations to a wider class of transitional flows. In contrast to bypass transition, the (time- and spanwise-averaged) skin-friction maximum in both H- and K-type transitions overshoots the turbulent correlation. Downstream of these friction maxima, all three skin-friction profiles collapse when plotted versus the momentum-thickness Reynolds number, ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } $. Mean velocities, turbulence intensities and integral parameters collapse generally beyond ${\mathit{Re}}_{\theta } = 900$ in each transition scenario. Skin-friction maxima, organized hairpin vortices and the onset of self-sustaining turbulence found in controlled H- and K-type transitions are, in many dynamically important respects, similar to development of turbulent spots seen by Park et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 24, 2012, 035105). A detailed statistical comparison demonstrates that each of these different transition scenarios evolve into a unique force balance characteristic of higher-Reynolds-number turbulence (Klewicki, Ebner & Wu, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 682, 2011, pp. 617–651). We postulate that these dynamics of late-stage transition as manifested by hairpin packets can serve as a reduced-order model of high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers.

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21

Jabarov, S. H., R. T. Aliyev, and N. A. Ismayilova. "Probabilistic model of structural phase transition in perovskites." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 12 (February 9, 2021): 2150211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921502110.

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In this work, the crystal structures and phase transitions of compounds with perovskite structure were investigated. The classification of structural phase transitions in perovskites was carried out, the most common crystal structures and structural phase transitions were shown. A mathematical model was constructed, a theorem was given and proved for the probability of a possible transition. The formulas [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are given for the mathematical expectation and variance of random variable [Formula: see text], which is the moment when the stochastic process [Formula: see text] deviation from the boundary [0, [Formula: see text]] interval for the first time. According to the mathematical model, one of the trajectories of random processes corresponding to the phase transitions that occur in perovskites is constructed.

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22

Skobelev, V. V. "Analysis of the Structure of Attributed Transition Systems Without Hidden Transitions." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 53, no. 2 (March 2017): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10559-017-9916-8.

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23

Kim, Young-Gon, and Kang Wook Kim. "A New Design Method for Ultrawideband Microstrip-to-Suspended Stripline Transitions." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/801950.

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A clear and efficient design method for ultra-wideband microstrip-to-suspended stripline transition, which is based on the analytical expressions of the whole transitional structure, is presented. The conformal mapping is applied to obtain the characteristic impedance of the transitional structure within 2.85% accuracy as compared with the EM-simulation results. The transition is designed to provide broadband impedance matching and smooth field conversion. The implemented transition performs less than 0.6 dB insertion loss per transition for frequencies up to 30 GHz.

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24

Singh, Narendra, Sunny Aggarwal, and Man Mohan. "Extended Atomic Structure Calculations for W11+ and W13+." Atoms 8, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8040092.

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We report an extensive and elaborate theoretical study of atomic properties for Pm-like and Eu-like Tungsten using Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). Excitation energies for 304 and 500 fine structure levels are presented respectively, for W11+ and W13+. Properties of the 4f-core-excited states are evaluated. Different sets of configurations are used and the discrepancies in identifications of the ground level are discussed. We evaluate transition wavelength, transition probability, oscillator strength, and collisional excitation cross section for various transitions. Comparisons are made between our calculated values and previously available results, and good agreement has been achieved. We have predicted some new energy levels and transition data where no other experimental or theoretical results are available. The present set of results should be useful in line identification and interpretation of spectra as well as in modelling of fusion plasmas.

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25

Bauer, S. H., and C. F. Wilcox. "What's in a Name - Transition State or Critical Transition Structure?" Journal of Chemical Education 72, no. 1 (January 1995): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed072p13.

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26

Van Minh, Nguyen, Nguyen Manh Hung, and Du Thi Xuan Thao. "EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL ION SUBSTITUTION ON STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnWO4 MATERIAL." Journal of Science, Natural Science 60, no. 7 (2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2015-0031.

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27

Arsov, Sasho, and Aleksandar Naumoski. "DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF COMPANIES FROM SELECTED POST-TRANSITION ECONOMIES." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu / Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2016.1.119.

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28

Chandra, Dhanesh, Renee A. Lynch, Wei Ding, and John J. Tomlinson. "Phase Diagram Studies on Neopentylglycol and Pentaerythritol-Thermal Energy Storage Materials." Advances in X-ray Analysis 33 (1989): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080001987x.

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AbstractPentaerythritol (PE) and neopentylglycol (NPG) are organic molecular crystals which have hydrogen-bonded lattices with layered- and chain-type structures, respectively. The PE undergoes solid-state phase transitions at 416K, from tetragonal to a cubic (γ’) structure and NPG also undergoes this transition at 317K from a monoclinic to a cubic (γ) structure. The phase transitions in binary PE-NPG solid solutions show more than one solid-solid transition in which the NPG-rich β transforms to γ at a constant temperature but the transition of the PE-rich a phase to γ’ passes through a two-phase field at a temperature that varies as a function of composition. Structural analyses by high-temperature x-ray diffractometry have revealed some new, interesting transitions. A phase diagram has been constructed for 0-30 mol% NPG in the PE-NPG system, using x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results, and work is in progress to complete this diagram. The variation of lattice parameters as a function of temperature in the α, γ and γ’ phases for PE+20 mol% NPG are presented here, together with a discussion of phase transitions for certain compositions.

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29

Foran, B., and B. Allan. "Assessing Options for Farming Systems Transitions in New Zealand's Mountainlands." Rangeland Journal 17, no. 2 (1995): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9950166.

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The transition of an agricultural ecosystem from a less to a more sustainable or desirable state is dependent as much on the routes and tactics used to effect the transition, as it is on the management ideas and the biological components used. Against the background of the failure of farmers to take up an integrated "all grass wintering system" in the mountain lands of the South Island of New Zealand, we compared a wide range of transitional opportunities and evaluated them in economic terms over a 20 year period. Farm structure at the start of the transition was a rather obvious but key criterion for success of the transition. Transition from a farm structure where supplementary feeding cost NZ$90,000 per year into the new system, allowed a position better than the "do nothing" option to be achieved in as little as 8 to 9 years. Transitions from smaller farm structures of $60,000 and $30,000 took from 12 to more than 20 years to achieve a cash position better than the "do nothing" option. Herein lies the quandary for all farming systems which might aim to make transitions and to "do it better". We explore the sensitivity of these general results to the effects of product price and interest rates, wool growth and lambing rates, whether transition should be gradual or fast, and the incumbent debt levels that can be serviced in addition to the new development. In conclusion we note some essential components of any study of transition of pastoral systems. It is important that dynamic tools are used in any transition study since the route taken in the transition can be more important than the end point. The economic advantage offered by new pastoral technology is important, particularly the time it takes to become fully implemented. Sensitivity analyses should be undertaken for key production and price assumptions. It is helpful to present these analyses as three-dimensional diagrams to allow biological and economic risk to be assessed against each other. While increased animal numbers bring better economic returns, both industry attitudes and the management of ecological risk may require the maintenance of present animal numbers. Increased profitability will then rely on individual animal performance, and higher quality livestock products.

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30

Tao, Jing, Jingyi Chen, Jun Li, Leanne Mathurin, Jin-Cheng Zheng, Yan Li, Deyu Lu, et al. "Reversible structure manipulation by tuning carrier concentration in metastable Cu2S." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (August 30, 2017): 9832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709163114.

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The optimal functionalities of materials often appear at phase transitions involving simultaneous changes in the electronic structure and the symmetry of the underlying lattice. It is experimentally challenging to disentangle which of the two effects––electronic or structural––is the driving force for the phase transition and to use the mechanism to control material properties. Here we report the concurrent pumping and probing of Cu2S nanoplates using an electron beam to directly manipulate the transition between two phases with distinctly different crystal symmetries and charge-carrier concentrations, and show that the transition is the result of charge generation for one phase and charge depletion for the other. We demonstrate that this manipulation is fully reversible and nonthermal in nature. Our observations reveal a phase-transition pathway in materials, where electron-induced changes in the electronic structure can lead to a macroscopic reconstruction of the crystal structure.

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31

ALLAHBAKHSHI, MAHSA, SOONJO HONG, and UIJIN JUNG. "Structure of transition classes for factor codes on shifts of finite type." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 35, no. 8 (August 7, 2014): 2353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2014.39.

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Given a factor code ${\it\pi}$ from a shift of finite type $X$ onto a sofic shift $Y$, the class degree of ${\it\pi}$ is defined to be the minimal number of transition classes over the points of $Y$. In this paper, we investigate the structure of transition classes and present several dynamical properties analogous to the properties of fibers of finite-to-one factor codes. As a corollary, we show that for an irreducible factor triple, there cannot be a transition between two distinct transition classes over a right transitive point, answering a question raised by Quas.

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32

Abdul Muhsin, Zahraa A. "The study of nuclear structure for some nuclei." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, no. 36 (October 1, 2018): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i36.30.

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An analytical form of the ground state charge density distributionsfor the low mass fp shell nuclei ( 40  A  56 ) is derived from asimple method based on the use of the single particle wave functionsof the harmonic oscillator potential and the occupation numbers ofthe states, which are determined from the comparison between theoryand experiment.For investigating the inelastic longitudinal electron scattering formfactors, an expression for the transition charge density is studiedwhere the deformation in nuclear collective modes is taken intoconsideration besides the shell model space transition density. Thecore polarization transition density is evaluated by adopting theshape of Tassie model together with the derived form of the groundstate charge density distribution. In this work, we devote ourinvestigation on 0 3 2 3 1 1   transition of Ti 50 , 0 1 2 1 1 1   transitionof Cr 50 and 0 2 2 2 1 1   of Cr 52 nuclei. It is found that the corepolarization effects, which represent the collective modes, areessential for reproducing a remarkable agreement between thecalculated inelastic longitudinal C2 form factors and those ofexperimental data.

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33

Howard, Christopher J., and Michael A. Carpenter. "Symmetry analysis of the structural and magnetic phase transitions in 122 iron arsenides." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 68, no. 2 (March 20, 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768112008294.

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It is evident from the literature that the 122 iron arsenides, XFe2As2 with X = Ca, Sr, Ba or Eu, undergo one or more phase transitions from a higher-temperature paramagnetic tetragonal structure in grey group I4/mmm1′ to an antiferromagnetic structure with magnetic space group CAmca. Symmetry analysis is used to enumerate the possibilities for the transition (or transitions) between the higher- and lower-symmetry structures, and the results are used as a basis for comment on published experimental results.

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34

Zarychta, Bartosz, Zbigniew Czapla, Janusz Przesławski, and Przemysław Szklarz. "Structure, ferroelasticity and Goldilocks zone phase transitions in C3H5N2Al(SO4)2·6H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 77, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621001256.

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The single crystal growth and sequence of reversible phase transition are described for C3H5N2Al(SO4)2·6H2O. Thermal and structural analyses combined with dielectric studies and optical observations revealed the structural phase transition at T 1 = 339/340 K (I↔II) and T 2 = 347/348 K (II↔III) on heating and cooling, respectively. Both phase transitions are of the first-order type. The symmetry changes from monoclinic to trigonal phase. At 293 K, the large crystals are usually divided into numerous domains of the ferroelastic type that disappear above T 1 on heating and reappear below T 1 on cooling. The domain structure pattern is characteristic for the transition between trigonal and monoclinic phases. The changes of entropy and clear increase of permittivity at T 1 provide evidence for the order–disorder character of this phase transition. The transition at T 2 seems to be displacive.

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35

Krishnamoorthy, Aravind, Lindsay Bassman, Rajiv K. Kalia, Aiichiro Nakano, Fuyuki Shimojo, and Priya Vashishta. "Kinetics and Atomic Mechanisms of Structural Phase Transformations in Photoexcited Monolayer TMDCs." MRS Advances 3, no. 6-7 (2018): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.122.

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ABSTRACTRapid transitions between semiconducting and metallic phases of transition-metal dichalcogenides are of interest for 2D electronics applications. Theoretical investigations have been limited to using thermal energy, lattice strain and charge doping to induce the phase transition, but have not identified mechanisms for rapid phase transition. Here, we use density functional theory to show how optical excitation leads to the formation of a low-energy intermediate crystal structure along the semiconductor-metal phase transition pathway. This metastable crystal structure results in significantly reduced barriers for the semiconducting-metal phase transition pathway leading to rapid transition in optically excited crystals.

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36

Singh, Jagjit, Sunny Aggarwal, A. K. Singh, and Man Mohan. "Breit–Pauli atomic structure calculations for sulphur-like titanium." Canadian Journal of Physics 90, no. 9 (September 2012): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p2012-074.

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Configuration interaction calculation has been performed for excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities of 114 fine-structure levels of sulphur-like titanium. The relativistic effects are included in Breit–Pauli approximation by adding mass-correction, Darwin, and spin–orbit interaction terms to the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian. We have adjusted the diagonal elements of Hamiltonian matrices (fine-tuning) before the calculation of oscillator strength and transition probabilities for the electric dipole allowed transitions. Our calculated data are in close agreement with data listed in National Institute of Standards and Technology and other available results. Correct identification of some of the levels become very difficult because of strong mixing among several fine-structure levels. We predict new energy levels, oscillator strength, and transition probability data, where no other theoretical or experimental results are available, which will form the basis for future experimental work.

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37

Iguchi, Kazumoto. "Tight-Binding Model for DNA Double Chains: Metal–Insulator Transition Due to the Formation of a Double Strand of DNA." International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, no. 20 (August 10, 1997): 2405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979297001222.

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A tight-binding model is formulated for the calculation of the electronic structure of a double strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The theory is applied to DNA with a particular structure such as the ladder and decorated ladder structures. It is found that there is a novel type of metal–insulator transitions due to the hopping anisotropy of the system. A metal-semimetal-semiconductor transition is found in the former and an effective semiconductor-metal transition at finite temperature in the latter, as the effect of base paring between two strands of DNA is increased. The latter mechanism may be responsible for explaining the Meade and Kayyem's recent observation.

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38

Xing Xue, Wang Xiao-Fei, Zhang Qing-Li, Sun Gui-Hua, Liu Wen-Peng, Sun Dun-Lu, and Yin Shao-Tang. "Phase transition and structure of LuTaO4." Acta Physica Sinica 63, no. 24 (2014): 248107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.63.248107.

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39

Wada, Masatake. "Changing Industrial Structure under Economic Transition." Bulletin of the Japan Association for Comparative Economic Studies 40, no. 1 (2003): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5760/jjce2002.40.39.

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40

Fujimori, Atsushi, and Takashi Mizokawa. "Electronic structure of transition-metal oxides." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2, no. 1 (February 1997): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(97)80100-3.

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41

Mochiku, Takashi, Yoshiaki Hata, Kenji Iwase, Masao Yonemura, Stefanus Harjo, Akinori Hoshikawa, Kenichi Oikawa, et al. "Structure phase transition in FeSr2YCu2O6+δ." Physica B: Condensed Matter 385-386 (November 2006): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.359.

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42

Ess, Daniel H. "Transition-Structure Catalog of Organic Reactions." Journal of Chemical Education 89, no. 6 (April 5, 2012): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed2005856.

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43

Cottrell, A. H. "Transition metal carbides with NaCl structure." Materials Science and Technology 10, no. 9 (September 1994): 788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1994.10.9.788.

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44

Grinberg, M., T. K. Dinh, C. Protochristov, I. Penev, C. Stoyanov, and W. Andrejtscheff. "Level structure and transition probabilities in140Ce." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/19/8/008.

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45

Tao, Wen, Charles Grubmeyer, and John S. Blanchard. "Transition State Structure ofSalmonella typhimuriumOrotate Phosphoribosyltransferase†." Biochemistry 35, no. 1 (January 1996): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi951898l.

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46

Martinage, L., A. Pasturel, D. Papaconstantopoulos, and F. Cyrot-Lackmann. "Electronic structure of transition metal disilicides." Physica Scripta 42, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/42/3/024.

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47

Khowash, P. K., and D. E. Ellis. "Defect structure in transition-metal monoxides." Physical Review B 39, no. 3 (January 15, 1989): 1908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.39.1908.

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48

Sekine, C., T. Uchiumi, I. Shirotani, and T. Yagi. "Metal-Insulator Transition inPrRu4P12with Skutterudite Structure." Physical Review Letters 79, no. 17 (October 27, 1997): 3218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.79.3218.

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49

Ren, M., J. H. Lin, Y. Dong, L. Q. Yang, M. Z. Su, and L. P. You. "Structure and Phase Transition of GdBO3." Chemistry of Materials 11, no. 6 (June 1999): 1576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm990022o.

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50

Garg, Rohini, Anatoliy Senyshyn, Hans Boysen, and Rajeev Ranjan. "Structure and phase transition of Na0.5La0.5TiO3." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 50 (November 12, 2008): 505215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/50/505215.

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