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1
Rootman, Chantal, and Janine Krüger. "Determining consumers' intention to use unit trusts." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 9, no. 2 (2017): 436–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i2.51.
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The savings rate among South Africans is too low, and increasing the savings rate is critical for the financial wellbeing of citizens and for the country. Many South Africans do not make use of formal savings products, including unit trusts. However, there is a need to increase the use of unit trusts and thus the savings rate, and ultimately the financial wellbeing of consumers. Unit trusts are well-designed savings/investment vehicles, allowing for small investment amounts with affordable cost structures catering for consumers with different risk profiles. Therefore this study will focus on investigating consumers’ perceptions of unit trusts by identifying the factors which influence consumers’ intention to use unit trusts as an investment vehicle. A quantitative study was employed and for the empirical investigation a convenience sample of 509 respondents completed a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The data was quantitatively analysed and the main results showed that the Accessibility and Benefits of unit trusts are the most important factors influencing consumers’ Intention to use unit trusts. The strategies explained in this study may assist financial service providers in encouraging consumers to use unit trusts as an investment vehicle. This may increase the country’s savings rate and ultimately improve the financial wellbeing of South Africans.
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Bajracharya, Rajan Bilas, and Rushil Bhakta Mathema. "A Study of Investors’ Preference towards Mutual Funds in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 4, no. 2 (2018): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v4i2.19543.
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A Mutual Fund is an investment vehicle that pools funds from various investors and invests the funds in stocks, bonds, short-term money-market instruments, other securities or assets or some combination of these investments. The primary goal behind investment in mutual fund is to earn goods return with comparatively low risk. The main objective of this research is to identify investors’ preference towards mutual fund in Kathmandu metropolitan city. By using in structured questionnaire, Description statistical tools like chi-square test have been used for analyzing the data. The findings from this research are that the most of the investors are doubtful to invest the new age investment like mutual funds.
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Jobanputra, Shilpa, and Shraddha Sharma Dr. "A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF INVESTORS' VIEWS ON MUTUAL FUND INVESTMENTS IN AHMEDABAD." INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL - IERJ 10, no. 11 (2024): 61–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15607682.
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This study aims to explore and analyse the perceptions of investors towards mutual fund investments in the city. Mutual funds are becoming increasingly popular in India as an alternative investment vehicle, offering an attractive option for individuals seeking diversified portfolios with relatively moderate risk. This research seeks to examine how investors view mutual funds in terms of their safety, returns, and regulatory oversight by SEBI. Additionally, the study explores the association between demographic factors such as age, gender, income, education, and occupation, and their influence on investors’ perceptions towards mutual funds. The sample for the study comprises 157 investors from Ahmedabad, chosen through a structured survey. The findings highlight key insights into how different investor segments perceive mutual funds and their investment behaviours, offering valuable guidance to both financial planners and policymakers to enhance investor awareness and confidence in mutual fund investments.
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Middelberg, Susanna L., Pieter van der Zwan, and Cobus Oberholster. "Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (2020): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0079.
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AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.
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Rio Sadewo, Gregorious, and Manahan Parlindungan Saragih Siallagan. "Analysis Of Investment Strategy For Adopting Battery Electric Vehicle Trucks in Indonesia (Case Study Of PT XYZ)." Jurnal Improsci 2, no. 5 (2025): 317–29. https://doi.org/10.62885/improsci.v2i5.755.
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Background. Indonesia's commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through national policies and international agreements encourages the adoption of battery-electric vehicles. PT XYZ, a logistics company that operates more than a hundred diesel-powered trucks, is faced with a strategic decision regarding transitioning from internal combustion engine trucks to battery-based electric trucks amid changing technology and infrastructure readiness. Aims. This study aims to analyze PT XYZ's investment strategy for adopting electric battery-based trucks by identifying and prioritizing factors that influence the decision-making process. Methods. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method as the main approach, this study evaluates technical, economic, infrastructural, environmental, social, governance, and corporate factors through a structured paired comparison. Result. The study's results show that economic, infrastructure, and governance factors are the most dominant considerations, and cost efficiency, availability of charging stations, and regulatory policies are the main drivers in decision-making. Conclusion. Based on the analysis's results, it was concluded that PT XYZ's adoption of electric battery-based trucks is not yet the optimal choice under current conditions, so maintaining a fleet of internal combustion engine trucks remains the most appropriate strategy. Implementation. This research provides valuable insights for PT XYZ and similar companies in emerging markets. It emphasizes the importance of aligning business strategy, infrastructure readiness, and regulatory support before adopting new vehicle technologies
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Viejo, Jonatan, Ana Quijano, Lucy Farrow, and Selini Papanelopoulou. "What Type of Self-Driving Vehicle Do Citizens Imagine? Results of a Co-Creation Dialogue Across Five European Countries." Sustainability 17, no. 8 (2025): 3561. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083561.
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It is believed that the deployment of autonomous vehicles in Europe has the potential to achieve safer, more sustainable and more equitable mobility. This study provides new insight into the hopes and expectations of citizens across five European countries for autonomous transport systems via a qualitative co-creation activity. A diverse and inclusive sample of 147 citizens was invited to generate their own ideas about how self-driving transport could be usefully deployed. Participants were asked to describe, in detail, what the vehicle would be like, what kind of mobility service it would provide, and who the target users would be. Structured qualitative analysis of the answers identified 337 distinct scenarios for autonomous vehicles across seven archetypes. In this paper, we describe a number of features of autonomous services that citizens expect and analyze the differences between demographic groups. We found that citizens across all five countries share a vision of autonomous mobility as electric- or hydrogen-powered, with a much greater use of shared mobility than is currently the case. This understanding of the expectations of a diverse group of citizens offers valuable insights for industry and policymaker actors to implement regarding future technology and transport investment and policy and service development.
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Lourenço, João Luís, Luís Conde Bento, António Paulo Coimbra, and Aníbal T. De Almeida. "Comparative Evaluation of Mobile Platforms for Non-Structured Environments and Performance Requirements Identification for Forest Clearing Applications." Forests 13, no. 11 (2022): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111889.
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The effort to automate is present across all industries. It has an economic purpose but potential impacts go far beyond economics. Research has been carried out and a lot of investment has been made in automation in a variety of industries, as well as in agriculture and forestry, which resulted in efficient solutions for diverse applications. In fact, more solutions have emerged in the field of agriculture than in any other. This can be explained in economic terms, but also in light of the complex navigation required because of unstructured environments such as forests. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing mobile platforms and presents a comparative study for an application in forest clearing. We evaluate the size, automation levels, traction, energy source, locomotion systems, sensors/actuators availability and tools that such an application must have to succeed in its function. Hence, it will be possible to evaluate the feasibility of retrofitting an existing platform into an electric unmanned ground vehicle for forest clearing or if it is easier to start development from scratch. The evaluation results reveal that an electric unmanned ground vehicle for forest clearing is currently unavailable in the market and that a new platform is needed. The performance requirements for such a platform are identified and proposed in the paper.
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Sauvat, Karl P., and Evan Gabor. "Facilitating Sustainable FDI for Sustainable Development in a WTO Investment Facilitation Framework: Four Concrete Proposals." Journal of World Trade 55, Issue 2 (2021): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2021010.
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Foreign direct investment (‘FDI’) can be an important vehicle for development. However, in recent years, the focus has not just been on development generally, but sustainable development specifically. Thus, this article focuses on how countries can increase levels of FDI geared toward projects likely to contribute as much as possible to countries’ sustainable development—in other words, how countries can increase flows of sustainable FDI. To that end, and in light of the World Trade Organization’s ongoing Structured Discussions on Investment Facilitation for Development, this article first discusses the notion of ‘sustainable FDI’ and then outlines four issues and related concrete proposals whose implementation through an investment facilitation framework for development would help to ensure that commercially viable FDI makes a besteffort contribution to sustainable development: (1) How can governments encourage sustainable FDI? (2) How can governments promote corporate social responsibility (‘CSR’)? (3) How can one create the special category of ‘Recognized Sustainable Investor’ to incentivize international investors to implement their CSR commitments and engage in sustainable FDI? (4) What role can home countries play in facilitating outward FDI flows, especially the flow of sustainable FDI? Looking at the question of a multilateral framework from the perspective of its objective— namely ‘for development’—is particularly important as this objective should guide the negotiations of such a framework. sustainable FDI, sustainable development, WTO investment facilitation discussions, corporate social responsibility, home country policies, recognized sustainable investor
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Yusuf, Sani Abubakar, Mohamed Nafees Seeni, Dorloh Sulaiman, and Haji Aji Rajali. "The Concept of Sukuk and its Applications in Contemporary Islamic Financial System." Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews 2, no. 3 (2023): 39–54. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1996.02.03.70.
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Sukuk is the Arabic term for financial certificates, which are also commonly referred to as Shariah-compliant bonds. Sukuk was developed as an alternative to conventional bonds, which are considered by many Muslims to be impermissible because they involve elements which are prohibited or discouraged such as usury (riba), uncertainty (gharar) and gambling (maisir). The paper adopts qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of textbooks, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. After discussing the concept of Sukuk that covered topics such as overview of sukuk; classifications of sukuk; types of sukuk; Shariah issues in Sukuk etc. it is found that sukuk securities are structured to be Shariah compliant by distributing profits and not interest, and generally include a tangible asset in the investment. For example, sukuk securities may be partial ownership of a property built by the investment company (and held in a special purpose vehicle) so that the sukuk holders can collect the property's profits as rent (which is permissible under Islamic law). However, there are still various Shariah issues in the different types of sukuk in the market.
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Lichtenstein, Eli B. "Biopolitics, Carcerality, and Capital in Foucault’s Unfinished Account of the Racial State." Critical Philosophy of Race 13, no. 1 (2025): 75–94. https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.13.1.0075.
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Abstract Michel Foucault argued that a key modality of state racism is biopower, through which the life of populations is differentially supported, shaped, and neglected. However, Foucault’s account of state racism is unfinished, because it fails to identify the modalities of power that persist when states withdraw life-supporting technologies from racialized populations, thereby committing “indirect murder.” This article develops Foucault’s account of racism and the racial state by describing the carceral technologies that expand with the withdrawal of biopower. To do so, it draws on Foucault’s theorization of carcerality in Discipline and Punish. It argues that biopolitical withdrawal is doubled by a simultaneous carceral investment, such that the state’s denial of life-supporting technologies occurs in tandem with the racially structured policing of the poor. Additionally, this article explains how Foucault’s concept of the management of illegalisms identifies a key vehicle of racialization, and illuminates the utility of carceral systems to racial capitalism.
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Wu, Xinyi, Yufan Zheng, and Xinning Wang. "Government–Industry–Academia Collaboration for Sustainable Autonomous Vehicle Development: A Qualitative Case Study in Suzhou, China." Sustainability 17, no. 12 (2025): 5348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17125348.
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The sustainable development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) depends on effective collaboration among the government–industry–academia (GIA). Drawing on the Triple Helix theory, this study examines how the GIA interacts within emerging AV ecosystems at the local level. A qualitative research design was employed, including policy reviews and in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in Suzhou’s AV ecosystem, to gain a detailed understanding of the collaborations. Our findings revealed three bottlenecks: (1) fragmented governance across administrative districts, which blurs responsibility for infrastructure investment and policy alignment; (2) short-term, project-based industry partnerships that limit knowledge spillovers and marginalize smaller local firms; and (3) limited academic engagement in R&D, despite a strong output in basic research. These factors lock the AV ecosystem into a hybrid configuration between government-led (Triple Helix I) and industry-driven (Triple Helix II) models, constraining sustained innovation. The study argues that to strengthen the AV ecosystem, it is essential to establish a cohesive policy framework, promote cross-sector collaboration, and involve academia more deeply in addressing social, ethical, and regulatory concerns. This paper contributes to the GIA and Triple Helix literature by offering insights into the complexity of collaboration within a rapidly developing AV sector and providing recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of GIA collaborations to foster sustainable AV development.
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Cagliano, Anna Corinna, Antonio Carlin, Giulio Mangano, and Carlo Rafele. "Analyzing the diffusion of eco-friendly vans for urban freight distribution." International Journal of Logistics Management 28, no. 4 (2017): 1218–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-05-2016-0123.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the diffusion dynamics of electric and hybrid commercial vans and its enabling factors in the city logistics (CL) contexts. The case of parcel delivery in Torino, Italy, is considered. Attention is paid to the influence on the choice of low impact vehicles of not only public strategies but also operational aspects characterizing urban freight distribution systems. Design/methodology/approach A System Dynamics model based on the Bass diffusion theory computes the number of adopters of low-emission vehicles together with the quantity of vans required and the associated economic savings. The model includes variables about freight demand, delivery frequency, van carrying capacity, routes, stops, distances traveled, and vehicle charging stations. A sensitivity analysis has been completed to identify the main diffusion levers. The focus is on advertising and other drivers, such as public contributions, taxes traditional polluting vehicles are subjected to, as well as on routing optimization strategies. Findings Advertising programs, green image, and word-of-mouth drive market saturation, although in a long time period. In fact, low-impact vehicles do not offer any economic advantage over traditional ones requiring higher investment and operating costs. Public incentives to purchase both green vehicles and charging stations, together with carbon taxes and a congestion charge affecting polluting vehicles, are able to shorten the adoption time. In particular, public intervention reveals to be effective only when it unfolds through a number of measures that both facilitate the use of environmentally friendly vehicles and discourage the adoption of traditional commercial vans. Route optimization also hastens the complete market saturation. Research limitations/implications This work fosters research about the mutual relationships between the diffusion of low-emission commercial vehicles and the operational and contextual CL factors. It provides a structured approach for investigating the feasibility of innovative good vehicles that might be part of assessments of CL measures and requirements. Finally, the model supports studies about the cooperation among stakeholders to identify effective commercial vehicle fleets. Practical implications This study fosters collaboration among CL players by providing a roadmap to identify the key factors for the diffusion of environmentally friendly freight vehicles. It also enables freight carriers to assess the operational and economic feasibility of adopting low-impact vehicles. Finally, it might assist public authorities in capturing the effects of new urban transportation policies prior to their implementation. Originality/value Most of the current CL literature defines policies and analyzes their effects. Also, there are several contributions on the diffusion of low emission cars. The present study is one of the first works on the diffusion of low-impact commercial vehicles in urban areas by considering the associated key operational factors. A further value is that the proposed model combines operational variables with economic and environmental issues.
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Ahmad Tajedi, Noor Aqilah, Shafein Mohd Shahriman, S. M. Sabri S. M. Ismail, and Intan Rohani Endut. "The Comparison of Travellers’ Attitude towards Public Transport: A Study on the Modal Share in Kuala Lumpur." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.861.
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Malaysia governments are seeing that the future of transportation to be creating an environmentally clean and sustainable for the benefit of the people.A huge amount of investment has been made by the governments towards a public transportation sector by expecting that the infrastructure and sustainability of transportation could change the number of modal share gradually. However, the numbers of modal share has not increased compared to private vehicle usage of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Therefore, a study on the travellers (both public and private vehicle users) attitudes is important to help understand the similarity or differences that could explain the modal share. The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes of travellers in the Kuala Lumpur city centre by analysing the similarities and differences of attitudes among Public Transport users (PT) and Private Transport users (PV). The attitude being studied is about travelling without any specification of modes, thus examining 1790 KL dwellers objectives and provide the basis for fair and just comparison with regard to PT and PV. The attitudes towards travelling were measured by a 5-point Likert scale using a structured questionnaire, and statistically analysed by applying factor analysis provided in SPSS. The study found that six attitudes define the attitudes of PT traveller towards travelling, and three attitudes were influencing PV travellers toward travelling. Based on this outcome, the key attitudes that influence travellers’ willingness to use public transport were discussed and identified. The results lead to understanding the attitudes of people towards travelling from the eye of public transport and private transport users. The understanding forms concrete basis for government to plan on strategies to shift private vehicle users and promote usage of public transport. For operators, the understanding also provides invaluable input for strategic planning of marketing effort/public policy.Keyword-TravellerAttitude,Age,Gender,Incomelevel,PublicVehicle,PrivateVehicle
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Anwer, Zaheer, Alam Asadov, Nazrol K. M. Kamil, Mehroj Musaev, and Mohd Refede. "Islamic venture capital – issues in practice." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, no. 1 (2019): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijif-06-2018-0063.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the structure and underlying contracts of Islamic venture capital (IVC) and to evaluate its prospects. VC can be perceived as an investment vehicle possessing most of the desirable attributes of a Sharīʿah-compliant investment vehicle. There are certain issues involved in the formation, operations and exit strategies of these investments that are discussed in detail in this paper. Design/methodology/approach A detailed review of relevant literature is performed to identify how IVC investments can be made and how related issues may be resolved. Findings IVC investment has potential of incorporating Sharīʿah-compliant investment modes. Additionally, it may offer higher than average returns. These attributes can be desirable for Islamic finance industry that is currently in need of equity-based financing products. The major causes of lesser growth of IVC investments are lack of awareness among the investors and the absence of viable investment opportunities for small- and medium-scale investors. IVC may attract general public if established after extensive research aimed at introducing innovative products. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of a truly Sharīʿah-compliant investment vehicle, furnishes a synthesis of various suggestions made by industry and academia and suggests viable solutions for valuation, risk management and exit strategies.
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Rachman, Soraya Hanif, and Donni Junipriansa. "Cost-Plus Pricing Strategy at Hanif Jaya Motor Workshop Jatibarang-Indramayu." Journal La Bisecoman 5, no. 4 (2024): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v5i4.1323.
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The automotive industry in Indonesia has an equally important role in the economy, with substantial investment and strong growth in production. The two- and three-wheeled motor vehicle sector shows great potential to contribute to the implementation of the automation industry. Increased number of motorcycles in Indonesia creating promising workshop business opportunities, especially with the rapid growth of service businesses. Hanif Jaya Motor Service Station are small and middle enterprise in Indramayu which has experienced a decline in consumers due to fierce competition, especially in terms of price. Pricing and price competition are the main challenges in retaining and attracting consumers. Based on a descriptive approach, this research is a qualitative learning. It intent to explain the phenomenon of Hanif Jaya Motor workshop from December 2022 to December 2023. Primary data was obtained through structured interviews with workshop owners, using Whatsapp communication and participatory observation. This study uses theory to construct a model and validate the meaning carried out by researchers to solve issues in determining selling prices at Hanif Jaya Motor Workshop and implementing of cost-plus pricing method through a full costing and variables approach to be a compared with the pricing carried out by Hanif Jaya Motor workshop. The results showed that the pricing carried out using the cost-plus pricing methode through the full-costing approach showed higher value with 20% markup percentage sales as opposed to the selling price set by owner Hanif Jaya Motor workshop.
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Zhu, Junlin, Hua Wang, Lin Miao, and Zitong Yu. "Case study of financial leasing model driven by fuzzy logic control for alternative fuel vehicles operation." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 1 (2022): 894–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023041.
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<abstract><p>Over the past decade, the alternative fuel vehicle industry in the world has sprung up with huge speed. For example, the annual output has increased from less than 2000 vehicles to now 3,500,000 vehicles in China. It enjoys more than 50% of the market share worldwide in the global market. A spurt of progress in the alternative fuel vehicle industry has built a foundation for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Financial leasing has unique advantages which not only can provide guarantees for this industry in many aspects concerning related equipment, systems and infrastructures but also offer financial support for green projects. Nevertheless, financial leasing firms are encountering a string of problems to solve, such as selecting optimal green projects and cooperative businesses, designing transaction structures, and controlling project risks. This study contains several main sections: connecting the incremental alternative fuel vehicle investment and purchase project of a leading regional enterprise; building the structure of the financial leasing project; and analyzing the project leasing property using a fuzzy logic model, the financial structure and the repayment capacity of the project main company so as to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of the project. This paper aims to provide a reference for future financing of alternative fuel vehicle operation enterprises with a real case study. The case study results show that our introduced fuzzy logic method can obtain the satisfying performance and traffic allocation.</p></abstract>
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Hua, Sue. "Disruption, Digitalization and Connectivity: Asia’s Art Market in Transformation." Arts 11, no. 3 (2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts11030057.
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This study investigates the ongoing transformation in galleries, auctions, and museums in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taipei, and Singapore, where new models for art transactions and exhibiting practices lead to unprecedented evolution in the global art market. While the pandemic hit the art market unprecedentedly, art organizations in Asia are seeing the light at the end of the tunnel as the digitalization of online auctions and virtual art-viewing technology has made up for the cancellation of art events. We are also seeing increased cross-regional and cross-national collaborations in marketing and exhibiting activities. Whether or not it is part of their active strategy, to keep up with the rapid market changes, galleries and auctions must now devote more resources to their digital platforms. Affluent art collectors in this region see art consumption not only as a socially conditioned, symbolic mechanism manifesting wealth and cultural capital but also as an attractive investment vehicle with an increased appetite for the financialization of artworks. What are the benefits and complications of the digitalization of online art transactions and art viewing? How do multi-sited auctions and exhibitions indicate the increased demand for collaboration between commercial art organizations and art institutions? Based on fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with actors in the art markets and secondary Chinese resources, this research generates insights into organizational behaviors in Asia’s art scene and how the art market players actively adapt and persevere via taking on new, entrepreneurial models of operation and speeding up trans-regional and trans-national connectivity with their Western counterparts.
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Li, Zhuoxuan. "Investment Value Analysis of Leading Enterprises in the New Energy Vehicle Industry - Taking Li Automobile, XPeng Automobile, and BYD Automobile as Examples." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 43 (December 5, 2024): 70–79. https://doi.org/10.54097/50y6kz23.
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Against the backdrop of rapid development in the emerging industry of new energy vehicles, China has also introduced some new policies to promote the further development of the new energy vehicle industry. Therefore, this measure has enhanced the confidence of investors in investing in the new energy vehicle industry. This article mainly takes Li Automobile, XPeng Automobile, and BYD Automobile, the leading enterprises in China's new energy vehicle industry, as examples to analyze how investors can maximize their investment in the new energy vehicle industry. This article mainly uses the risk indicator Beta in the CAPM model to analyze the risk level of three stocks and uses the DuPont analysis method to analyze the profitability of the three stocks. Finally, it is concluded that BYD Automobile and Li Automobile are relatively valuable investment stocks among these three stocks, while XPeng Automobile needs to further optimize the company's profit structure to achieve strong profitability.
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Kulms, Rainer. "Trusts as Vehicles for Investment." European Review of Private Law 24, Issue 6 (2016): 1091–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2016065.
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Financial markets have become the main drivers for legal change. Investors are interested in in funds which promise high returns while assuring protection from moral hazard and immunity against third party claims, irrespective of whether the fund is organized as a trust, a corporate entity or contractual investment scheme. Global finance has forced legislators into regulatory competition for the most investor-friendly regulatory pattern, including trusts or trust-like structures. Most civil law jurisdictions are newcomers to the law of trusts and fiducie. This provokes the policy question to what extent the market for investments into trusts should be regulated without frustrating investors and organizers of funds. The US regulatory approach towards investment trusts will be explored before the analysis moves to the European Union (EU)’s law on Undertakings for Collective Investment Schemes in Transferable Securities (UCITS). The transposition of the EU’s UCITS law by Ireland and the United Kingdom is assessed in order to explore the interface between trust law, the freedom of contract and mandatory capital market law. A regulatory choice emerges that supplements trust law by mandatory standard terms for the trust deed in the interest of market transparency and investor protection.
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Leiby, Paul, and Jonathan Rubin. "Transitional Alternative Fuels and Vehicles Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1587, no. 1 (1997): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1587-02.
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The Transitional Alternative Fuels Vehicle model simulates the use and cost of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles over the period 1996 to 2010. It is designed to examine the transitional period of alternative fuel and vehicle use. It accounts for dynamic linkages between investments and vehicle and fuel production capacity, tracks vehicle stock evolution, and represents the effects of increasing scale and expanding retail fuel availability on the effective costs to consumers. Fuel and vehicle prices and choices are endogenous. Preliminary results that illustrate the role of potentially important transitional phenomena are discussed. This model extends previous, long-run comparative static analyses of policies that assumed mature vehicle and fuel industries. As a dynamic transitional model, it can help to assess what may be necessary to reach mature, large-scale, alternative fuel and vehicle markets, and what it would cost.
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Mr., Rushit A. Desai, and Veena Pradip Bhosale Dr. "Comparative Analysis about Mutual Fund Investments among Generation X and Generation Y Investors." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND CREATIVE TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494923.
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A mutual fund is an investment security that allows investors to pool their money into one professionally managed investment. Mutual funds can invest in stocks, bonds, cash or a combination of these assets. Basic types of securities, called holdings, are combined into one mutual fund, also called a portfolio.Mutual funds are the most popular types of investments for the everyday investor. Why? Because they are simple investments to understand and easy to use - in many ways they are 'investments for dummies'. In fact, if you're not already one of the millions of mutual fund shareholders, you'll only need to take about two or three minutes out of your day to read this article and you'll be ready to start investing.Moreover, the simplicity of investing in mutual funds is not only attractive to novice investors; the affordability, versatility and easy-to-understand structure of mutual funds create powerful investment vehicles for all kinds of investors, including professionals, and can be suitable for a variety of savings and investment goals, including college and retirement.
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Guo, Chengcheng. "Electric Vehicle Charging Service System." Highlights in Art and Design 4, no. 1 (2023): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v4i1.11991.
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The energy crisis is that new energy vehicles have become popular. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure investment is expanding to balance the supply and demand of infrastructure. The project is divided into two parts: research and design results. I have conducted in-depth research on user groups, markets, and technology, and the research results guide my design. After the team's field visit, it was found that the problem of parking and charging electric vehicles has brought difficulties. I designed a service design that balances the basic structure, improving people's congestion in peak periods. Balance the contradiction between supply and demand between electric vehicles and infrastructure and realize the service model of resource rationalization with open community as the core.
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Mudhee, Kaled H. "Energy consumption structure model considering urban green and low-carbon transportation." Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 6, no. 2 (2023): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jai.v6i2.879.
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<p class="Abstract">The importance of energy conservation and emission reduction has become the consensus of the international community, and Iraq is also actively improving the urban public transportation system to control carbon emissions. This paper collects panel data of Tikrit city in Iraq in the past 3 years, constructs a random effect variable coefficient model, and studies the impact of the development of urban low-carbon transportation system on the energy consumption structure. The study finds that the government can use public transportation pricing strategies to influence consumers. In order to realize the optimization of energy consumption structure, the impact of electric vehicles on energy consumption structure will decrease with the increase of urban development. The transportation sector can increase the purchase and travel costs of traditional cars by restricting travel, purchases, and charging parking fees, which affects the number of private cars and reduces the obstacles to optimizing the energy consumption structure. The government should increase financial subsidies, improve rail transit and reasonable bus (electric) vehicle operation systems, increase investment in new energy vehicle research and development, and encourage high energy density and low power consumption technologies. development, increase residents’ demand for new energy passenger vehicles, and optimize the energy consumption structure.</p>
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De Marco, Alberto, Giulio Mangano, and Timur Narbaev. "The influence of risk on the equity share of build-operate-transfer projects." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 7, no. 1 (2017): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-02-2016-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the crucial influence of risks on the capital structure of build-operate-transfer (BOT) projects. Design/methodology/approach The equity portion of capital injected in a BOT investment is selected as the response variable and its relation with select identified risk factors is examined using a regression analysis on a data set of BOT projects. Findings Results have pointed out that the level of equity is significantly influenced by several sources of risk. Country, revenue, project and special purpose vehicle-related risks have been shown to have an impact on the size of the equity share of a BOT investment. Research limitations/implications The results could support both investors and lenders to better define the financial leverage of BOT projects. In particular, the study could help to have a better understanding of the main factors that influence the equity apportion of capital in BOT investments. Originality/value This paper contributes to fulfilling the lack of works addressing the relationship between risk factors and capital structure in BOT projects. In this way, this research leads to a better understanding of the risk factors that influence the capital structure of BOT project and they have therefore been proposed as a base for the establishment of improved methods to design refined capital structures in BOT projects.
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Quirion-Blais, Olivier, André Langevin, and Martin Trépanier. "A case study of combined winter road snow plowing and de-icer spreading." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 12 (2017): 1005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0185.
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In this article, we address a winter maintenance problem where the streets need to be plowed and gritted in a sequence that depends on the class of the road. The maintenance fleet includes vehicles equipped for plowing, some for spreading, and some for both at once. The objective is to complete the operations as rapidly as possible while considering street hierarchy, turn restrictions, heterogeneous speeds, and street–vehicle compatibility. An adaptive large neighborhood search framework is developed to solve the problem. Analysis of the results obtained can provide both a good basis for vehicle routing and help managers plan long-term policies and investments.
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Yang, Lan, Xianguo Zhang, Yifang Zhu, and Jinming Wang. "Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine: A Neglected Technology for Decarbonizing Motor Vehicles." E3S Web of Conferences 580 (2024): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458002012.
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As one of the most promising green energy sources in the 21st century, hydrogen energy, combined with the automotive industry, can accelerate the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. In January ~ April 2024, Center for Automotive Strategy and Policy Research of CATARC carried out industry research. More than 10 vehicle and internal combustion engine companies such as China FAW, DongFeng, Shaanxi Automobile, GAC, Cummins, Weichai Power, etc., are actively developing vehicle products that provide driving power for direct combustion of hydrogen (referred to as hydrogen fuel vehicles). The preliminary consensus is that hydrogen internal combustion engine technology and natural gas engines have similar structures and low transformation costs, and have obvious advantages in terms of cost economy, reliability, and adaptability, and have become a new choice for carbon reduction technologies for motor vehicles. However, as an emerging product, the product attributes of hydrogen fuel vehicles have not yet been clarified, the relevant policies and regulations are not prepared, and the lack of accurate development expectations have led to conservative investment by supporting enterprises and sluggish industrialization process. It is recommended to build a system of policies and regulations, encourage demonstration applications, and promote key technological innovation.
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Zhao, Houcheng, D. NAMJIL, and B. OCHGEREL. "Research on Global Market Competition and Activation Impact of China's New Energy Vehicles." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 15, no. 2 (2024): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/q7kwh594.
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With the shortage of global energy resources and the increased awareness of environmental protection, in recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly and become a major player in the global electric vehicle market. This paper will discuss the competitive situation of China's new energy vehicles in the global market and its impact on the activation of the global new energy vehicle market. By analyzing the policy support, technological innovation, market expansion and international competitiveness of China's new energy vehicle industry, this paper aims to reveal China's important position in the global new energy vehicle market and its far-reaching impact on the global industrial structure. In recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has sprung up and developed rapidly, and has become a powerful force in the global electric vehicle market. In this ever-changing era of science and technology, the new energy vehicle industry is regarded as an important driving force for future global economic growth, and countries have increased investment and competed for market share. In terms of technological innovation, China's new energy automobile industry continues to increase investment in research and development, breakthroughs in key technologies, and has achieved remarkable results. From the perspective of policy support, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of the new energy automobile industry and has introduced a series of policy measures to encourage and promote the rapid development of the industry. From the perspective of market expansion, the market of new energy vehicles in our country shows a rapid growth trend. In terms of international competitiveness, China's new energy automobile industry has gradually risen, and has the strength to compete with developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan. With the continuous growth of China's new energy automobile industry, the export business has also achieved remarkable results, and the international market share has gradually increased. On a global scale, China's new energy automobile industry has formed a new pattern of competition with major economies. The competitive situation of China's new energy automobile industry in the global market has become increasingly prominent, which has a positive activation effect on the global new energy automobile market. Under the joint promotion of policy support, technological innovation, market expansion and international competitiveness, China's new energy vehicle industry will continue to play an important role in the global market and have a profound impact on the global industrial pattern. With the increasingly fierce competition in the field of new energy vehicles, the development of China's new energy vehicle industry will have a greater impact and influence on the global market.
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Fuller, G., and E. Collett. "Structured investment vehicles--the dullest business on the planet?" Capital Markets Law Journal 3, no. 4 (2008): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmn024.
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ВЕЛИКОРЕЦКИЙ, А. А., Е. С. ОРЛОВА, and Н. Е. ПРОШКИН. "PROSPECTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF SLOW CHARGING STATIONS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN LARGE CITIES." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 1(150) (May 27, 2023): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.150.1.204.
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Современный этап развития мирового автомобилестроения в условиях цифровизации неразрывно связан с внедрением новых технологий, а также с трансформацией товарной структуры производства, в которой существенная доля принадлежит транспортным средствам нового типа - электромобилям. При этом актуальным аспектом для всех стран мира остается совершенствование мер поддержки электромобильной промышленности, особенно в области обеспечивающей инфраструктуры крупных городов РФ. Целью данной статьи является отражение перспектив развития сети медленных зарядных станций для электромобилей. В работе приведены статистические данные региональной структуры рынка электромобилей, отражающие актуальность поднятой тематики. Проанализирована инвестиционная привлекательность зарядных станций и рассчитана выручка от их внедрения. The current stage of the global automotive industry development in the digitalization conditions is inextricably linked with the introduction of new technologies, as well as with the transformation of the production commodity structure, in which a significant share belongs to vehicles of a new type - electric vehicles. At the same time, the improvement of measures to support the electric vehicle industry, especially in the field of providing infrastructure for large cities of the Russian Federation. It's remains an urgent aspect for all countries of the world. The purpose of this article is to reflect the prospects for the development of the slow charging stations network for electric vehicles. The paper presents statistical data on the regional structure of the electric vehicle market, reflecting the relevance of the topic raised. The investment attractiveness of charging stations is analyzed and the revenue from their implementation is calculated.
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Prokopchuk, О. T., M. I. Malyovanyi, and Yu A. Tsymbalyuk. "Formation of the investment market in Ukraine." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (2021): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-182-194.
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A necessary condition for the development of the economy is an increase in the investment activity of investors in the country, an increase in investment resources and their effective use. Therefore, the study of trends in the development of the investment market is relevant and of great practical importance. Specifically, investments form production potential on the latest scientific and technical basis and determine the competitive positions of states in world markets. The study of the formation of the investment market in Ukraine made it possible to form the following conclusions: the total volume of foreign direct investment in Ukraine in 2020 amounted to $ 453 million. USA, which is 14 times less than in 2010; the study of the geographical structure of foreign investment made it possible to determine that in 2020, 453 million dollars were invested in the Ukrainian economy by direct foreign investors from more than 76 countries of the world. US direct investment It should be noted that the main investing countries include Cyprus – 31.1 %, the Netherlands – 20.2 %, the UK – 6.1 %, Switzerland – 6.0 %, Germany – 4.6 %, Austria – 3.3 %; analysis of the distribution of foreign direct investment in the context of sectors of the economy in Ukraine made it possible to note that the greatest interest among foreign investors in 2020 was aroused by industry - 180.35 million dollars. USA, that is, 39.8 %. The leading spheres of economic activity in terms of the development of direct investments in 2020 remain: wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles – 106.9 million dollars. The United States, accounting for 23.6 %; financial and insurance activities – $ 96.9 million, which is 21.4 %. Thus, Ukraine remains attractive for investments and is not aloof from world processes, is sufficiently integrated into the world economy and the violation of macrostability in foreign markets has its echo in Ukraine. Thus, the investment market is a rather complex phenomenon, with its own internal structural structure, which is sensitive to changes in the external environment. At the present stage, its construction is represented by the classification of structural and infrastructural elements, as well as by supervisory and control bodies, ensuring its functioning thanks to market mechanisms.
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N., Ramya, and ChaitraKaranth. "A Study on Impact of Covid-19 on Indian Automobile Industry: With Special Reference to Passenger Vehicles Companies Listed on Stock Exchange." Shanlax International Journal of Arts and Science Humanities 7, S1 (2020): 98–112. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4014627.
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Indian automobile industry being the fourth largest witnessed slow growth due to Protectionism and restricted tariff structure until 1991. Economic reforms under the leadership of P V NarasimhaRao and 100% investment through FDP geared the growth of the industry. Passenger vehicle industry registered a decline in the growth of 17.83% decline in the year 2019-2020. COVID 19 further impacted the supply chain across the globe, disrupted the demand and supply. This study attempts to analyze the changes in MPS during COVID-19 and analyses the financial stability of listed Passenger vehicles companies using Altman’s Z score. The study finds that the MPS is continuously decreasing.
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Klein, Jonathan H. "Method of Calculating Spare Ratios." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1838, no. 1 (2003): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1838-10.
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An industrial engineering approach was used to determine what proportion of a rail vehicle fleet would need to be unavailable for revenue use. This proportion is often called the spare ratio (SR). The number of rail vehicles required as spares remains in dispute. This SR question is important because each spare rail car and locomotive represents an investment of millions of dollars. The prevalent approach for determining the number of spares is to use a fixed ratio, for example, 15%. This fixed percentage is not a function of several variables, or even property-specific parameters. The industrial engineering approach shows that an SR is a variable that can change annually. The significant variables driving the SR are annual use, reliability, inventory support, train length, and repair scheduling aggressiveness. Equations were developed to enable calculations specific to a transit or commuter rail operation. Further, the duration of the peak vehicle requirement (PVR)—peak hours—was shown to be as important as the PVR size.
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Ren, Ziyi, Xu Weng, Yusong Xu, and Zhili Xu. "Financial Analysis and Valuation of Tesla Inc." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 42, no. 1 (2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/42/20232081.
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As the head of the new energy vehicle industry, whether Tesla's market value is overvalued compared to the industry average, and whether the new energy vehicle market outlook is optimistic has been a hot topic. This paper firstly compares and analyzes the business performance and several financial statement indicators of Tesla and other companies involved in the production of new energy vehicles, points out the huge difference between Tesla's valuation and its performance, and secondly analyzes the reasons for the difference in Tesla's valuation through the industrial structure and strategy of Tesla, and points out that Tesla's market value hides the capital market's special premium for technological innovation industry, high threshold industry, and environmental protection energy development. Tesla's market capitalization has a special premium for technological innovation, high-threshold industries, and environmental energy development. Finally, this paper judges the considerable development potential of the new energy vehicle industry in the new era of environmental awareness and points out that it should analyze the industry with future expectations as the main indicator and view the valuation from a long-term investment perspective.
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Rimkus, Aleksas. "OPTIMIZATION OF GEOMETRIC FORMS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT STOPS/VISUOMENINIO TRANSPORTO STOTELIŲ RACIONALIŲ GEOMETRINIŲ FORMIŲ NUSTATYMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 5, no. 2 (1999): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1999.10531445.
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In order to improve the functioning of urban transport it is necessary to increase the efficiency of intermediate stops and organization of municipal transport service. There are two ways of solving problems of developing urban transport: 1) to install special lanes in the streets for urban transport only and 2) to improve the geometric forms of the existing stops arranging stop “pockets”. The first way requires a lot of investments. The second is more preferable. It allows a safe and efficient use of vehicles, an increase in stop usage intensity. Therefore it may be considered the most important means for developing passenger transport. The experimental investigations have shown that stop pockets should be of 4 m width. Such pockets diminish considerably the number of conflict situations and troubles with transport vehicles driving along the first and second lanes and ensure for passengers the possibilities of getting comfortably and safely on a vehicle. An abrupt braking of a bus or trolley-bus before a stop or in its area affects in an unpleasant way the passengers, causes dangerous situations, transport vehicles are sometimes damaged and shear stresses result in street covering deformations. It was established that deceleration and acceleration lengths depend on a vehicle speed influenced by deceleration and acceleration value a = 1,2 m/s2. The length of deceleration and acceleration is from 30 to 116 m. It has been found by an analysis for tracks of public transport vehicles entering and leaving the stop pockets that they do not enter a stop pocket by a radius arc but by a varying curve. The shape of such a curve depends on drivers' professional skills, vehicle technical parameters and speed. In accordance with experiments and calculations, data and formulas were obtained for detailed coordinates of stop pockets. Geometric forms and parameters of stop pockets were established. Regarding the geometric shape of stop pockets, the entering speed of vehicles and their plans as initial parameters, the dimensional values of stop pocket elements were differentiated according to categories of streets and their disposition in relation to crossings (Table 4.2). The calculations have shown that investments into stop pocket development are profitable in many aspects: the entire area of a stop pocket is used, the traffic safety and duration of street coverings are increased, no traffic jams occur before the stop, the passenger servicing and municipal transport maintenance are improved. The expenses for installing a stop pocket in repaid in 0,49 of a year.
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Cicmil, Danica. "Investing in "Sondervermögen" funds in Germany: An analysis of legal structure, regulatory requirements and performance." Ekonomija: teorija i praksa 16, no. 3 (2023): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp2303126c.
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This paper provides an analysis of "Sondervermögen fonds", or special investment funds, in Germany. These funds are structured as separate accounts, providing additional protection for investors, as their assets are legally separate from the assets of the fund manager. The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) regulates "Sondervermögen fonds", ensuring that they are managed responsibly and in compliance with the German Investment Code (Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch or KAGB). The KAGB sets out the legal framework for the operation of "Sondervermögen fonds" and covers various aspects, including authorization, investment restrictions, custody and administration of assets, supervision, and regulatory measures. The paper describes the legal structure, regulatory requirements, and performance of "Sondervermögen fonds", highlighting their advantages over other investment vehicles. "Sondervermögen fonds" have become a significant tool for investors in Germany and are expected to continue playing a crucial role in the country's investment landscape.
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Toluwanimi Adenuga, Noah Ayanbode, Tolulope Ayobami, and Francess Chinyere Okolo. "Supporting AI in Logistics Optimization through Data Integration, Real-Time Analytics, and Autonomous Systems." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 11, no. 3 (2024): 511–46. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset241487.
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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into logistics systems is reshaping the efficiency and agility of global supply chains. This paper explores the transformative role of AI in optimizing logistics operations through advanced data integration, real-time analytics, and autonomous systems. AI technologies are increasingly applied to enhance core logistics functions such as dynamic routing, intelligent scheduling, and capacity planning, enabling organizations to meet rising customer expectations while minimizing operational costs. The fusion of big data and IoT-enabled supply chains allows for continuous data flow across interconnected logistics networks, providing the foundation for real-time, data-driven decision-making. Key to this evolution is the deployment of digital twins, which create virtual replicas of physical logistics systems to simulate, monitor, and predict performance outcomes under varying conditions. These systems leverage predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms including reinforcement learning to improve resource allocation, identify anomalies, and adapt routing and inventory decisions in real-time. Demand sensing models, informed by structured and unstructured data, further support proactive forecasting and inventory balancing, thereby reducing lead times and avoiding stockouts or overstock situations. Moreover, the integration of predictive maintenance tools within logistics fleets ensures that asset health is continuously monitored, preventing unplanned downtimes and extending vehicle lifespan. Autonomous mobile robots and AI-powered drones are also emerging as vital components in last-mile delivery and warehouse management, offering enhanced speed, accuracy, and scalability. The study presents use cases from multinational logistics providers that have successfully implemented AI-powered platforms, resulting in significant gains in fuel efficiency, delivery accuracy, and supply chain resilience. It also addresses the technical and organizational challenges associated with adopting AI, including data interoperability, cybersecurity, workforce adaptation, and ethical governance. By synthesizing advancements in AI, IoT, and real-time analytics, this paper underscores how intelligent logistics systems are not only enhancing operational performance but also setting new standards for sustainability and customer-centricity in global trade. The findings advocate for continued investment in integrated AI infrastructures to ensure logistics networks are agile, responsive, and future-ready in the face of evolving market demands and global disruptions.
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Waddell, Jonathan M., Stephen M. Remias, Jenna N. Kirsch, and Stanley E. Young. "Scalable and Actionable Performance Measures for Traffic Signal Systems using Probe Vehicle Trajectory Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (2020): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120941847.
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Scalable and actionable performance measures for traffic signal systems provide opportunities for practitioners to measure and improve the transportation network. Historically, traffic signal improvements have relied on scheduled signal retiming based on limited data collection, or on the public to call and alert engineers of an issue. This inefficient method of improving signal timing led to the creation of automated traffic signal performance measures (ATSPMs). These metrics rely on expensive infrastructure, including detection and communications, which has produced barriers for numerous agencies to fully adopt. Recently, third-party data providers have begun to release vehicle trajectory data, which allows for enhanced signal metrics with no investment in physical equipment. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of these data and summarize the scalability of the created metrics. This work builds on previous efforts to quantify signal performance on nine intersections in Michigan, U.S. Ten signalized corridors in Columbus, Ohio, were chosen to scale a performance assessment using crowdsourced trajectory data. A total of 136 intersections were assessed in 2-h intervals using data from all weekdays in 2017. High-level corridor summary metrics including average percent of vehicles stopping (18%–32%), average delay (9.4–20.5 s), and level of travel time reliability (1.23–2.73) were calculated for each corridor direction. Intersection-level metrics were also introduced, which can be used by practitioners to identify problems, improve signal timings, and prioritize future infrastructure investments.
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Cao, Xuwen, Rajah Rasiah, and Fumitaka Furuoka. "An Empirical Study on the Relationship between New Energy Vehicle’ Export Sophistication and Industrial Structure Upgrading in China." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 7, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8914898.
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Following decades of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation industry, most car companies will stop producing petrol cars and promote the development of new energy vehicles in the near future, even in China. This study is based on energy vehicle exports using China’s 31 provinces’ panel data from 2010 to 2020. Considering that China mainly engages in processing trade, this study analyzes the domestic energy vehicle’s export sophistication after deleting intermediate goods, measuring the relationship between export sophistication and industrial upgrading with static and dynamic panel models. Then, heterogeneity tests were deployed to examine the domestic export sophistication of three major economic belts partition. The results revealed that improving export sophistication is conducive to realizing China’s industrial upgrading. China’s new energy vehicles industry is positively affected by export sophistication, R&D, foreign direct investment, average GDP growth rate, market factors, and human resources over the long run. Regarding regional stratification, domestic export sophistication in the eastern and western regions has more significant effects on promoting industrial upgrading than in the central region. In particular, in western regions, every increase in export sophistication by one unit will bring a significant industrial upgrading effect. Given this, China’s new energy vehicles should increase export sophistication to help the country’s industrial upgrading.
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Falcao, Tatiana, Mariana Eguiarte, Bastiana Locurscio, and Lucas Moreno. "Utilizing Tax Incentives for Infrastructure Ventures in Latin America: A Case Study for Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico." Intertax 40, Issue 5 (2012): 319–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2012036.
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This article is the result of a panel discussion between representatives from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico, at the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA)'s International Section 2011 Seasonal Meeting. The panel was given a case study and asked to analyse the general tax issues arising from a highway infrastructure project entered into by a fictitious US company ('Highways, Inc.') in one of the involved Latin American jurisdictions (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, or Mexico). Under the hypothesis, Highways, Inc. was to choose the appropriate investment vehicle (special purpose vehicle (SPV)), corporate structure, and capital structure. The SPV's tax obligations and tax incentives in the investment country were also analysed by the panel. The objective was to come up with potential barriers and incentives to invest in the four envisaged investment jurisdictions.
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Redaputri, Appin Purisky, and M. Yusuf S. Barusman. "SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT (SROI) ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTRIC MOTOR CONVERSION TRAINING PROGRAM IN NORTH LAMPUNG." EnviroScienteae 20, no. 4 (2024): 425. https://doi.org/10.20527/es.v20i4.20124.
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Converting conventional motors into electric vehicles can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The conversion process involves engine replacement, charging system installation, and vehicle structure modification. The conversion program was carried out involving workshops and vocational high school students. The Social Return on Investment (SROI) method was employed to measure the social and economic impacts of the program, involving impact identification, measurement, monetization, cost comparison, and analysis. The PLN Cares program undertook motor conversion with the aim of improving sustainability and quality. The research problem and objectives focused on measuring the SROI in the electric motor conversion program. The research method employed a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and literature studies. Data were continuously analyzed during and after collection. SROI calculations involved initial investment capital input and impact value, resulting in an SROI ratio of 5.03. The research results indicated that the PLN Cares program had a significant social impact, with an SROI ratio indicating a profitable investment value. Conclusions and recommendations involved maintaining the working mechanisms, synergy among stakeholders, and using the program as a guide for similar projects in the future.
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Ghimire, Dinesh Mani, and Madhav Adhikari. "Impact assessment of investment motivation toward mutual funds." Journal of Emerging Management Studies 1, no. 1 (2023): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jems.v1i1.60161.
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Purpose - The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of investment motivation on mutual fund investment decisions by Nepalese investors. The research seeks to identify the key drivers that influence Nepalese investors’ decisions in this context.
 Design/methodology/approach - The research design employed in this study was a descriptive and causal comparative research. The primary data was gathered from individual investors who were actively involved in trading on the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). To assess respondents’ perceptions and factors influencing investment alternatives, a structured questionnaire survey was used. The sample size consisted of 384 participants, and they were selected through judgmental sampling technique.
 Findings and Conclusion - The research findings revealed that while there was a growing interest in mutual fund investments among Nepalese investors, there was a lack of awareness and understanding about these investment vehicles. The paper found that investor awareness level, fund manager qualities, risk perceptions, and fund performance positively affected mutual fund investment decisions in Nepal. These factors played an important role in determining investors’ preferences and choices. The regression model demonstrated a good fit for the data, explaining 55.8% of the variation in investment decisions. The study also emphasized the significance of effective selection and monitoring processes for mutual fund schemes, including evaluating fund managers’ performance and assessing the risk-return profile of different options.
 Implications - The findings implied the need for transparent reporting practices, access to reliable performance data, and investor-friendly policies. Policymakers should streamline regulations and create a favorable environment for mutual fund investments. These implications can contribute to the overall development of the capital market in Nepal by attracting more investors and fostering investor confidence in mutual fund schemes.
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Mackenzie, Craig, and Alan Lewis. "Morals and Markets: The Case of Ethical Investing." Business Ethics Quarterly 9, no. 3 (1999): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857511.
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Abstract:This paper is a report of an empirical psychological study of the relationship between the ethical and financial beliefs and desires of ethical investors. Semi-structured interviews of 20 ethical investors have been carried out by the project 10 of which have been analysed using qualitative data analysis software. All of our participants faced the problem that, while they had ethical concerns, they were not prepared to sacrifice their essential financial requirements to address them. We found four common ways of dealing with this problem: they divided up their money into core and surplus accounts; they decided that it was enough to only be a partial ethical investor; they avoided detailed consideration of the costs of ethical investment; and they avoided rigorous ethical thinking. One equilibrium position arising from these responses is a portfolio approach to ethics, which allows people to assuage their consciences by investing only a small proportion of their investments ethically, while leaving the rest in non-ethical investment vehicles.
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Koh, Jerry, and Jonathan Lee. "The increasing popularity of private funds." Journal of Investment Compliance 21, no. 1 (2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-09-2020-0023.
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Purpose To introduce the various private fund structuring options available in Singapore, an important fund management hub that has increasingly also come to be recognized as a popular fund domicile with its pro-business environment, transparent and robust regulatory regime and government support through tailored investment structures, tax incentives and extensive double taxation treaties. Design/methodology/approach This article provides an overview of the available private fund structures as well as the key legal issues and considerations that fund managers and investors should take into account when structuring a private fund. It also provides a brief summary of the available tax incentive schemes for funds in Singapore. Findings With growth in private market assets under management fueled by private equity funds over the last decade, the use of private investment funds established in Singapore has become a popular means to tap the large capital inflows into Asia. Singapore offers a wide range of fund structures to suit different fund strategies and considerations, including the variable capital company (“VCC”) structure, a legal structure tailored for use as investment funds that was introduced in January 2020. Practical implications There are a range of Singapore private fund structures available with different features, including the VCC, which is a corporate structure that allows for umbrella-sub-fund structures with segregated assets and liabilities, and the limited partnership, which is familiar to international investors and permits a large degree of contractual flexibility. Other structures such as unit trusts and private companies may also be suitable depending on the particular circumstances and objectives of the fund. Fund managers who are exploring setting up fund vehicles to tap Asian capital or to invest in Asia should be aware of the possible options, and their pros and cons. Originality/value Practical analysis and guidance and market commentary from experienced investment funds lawyers.
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Luo, Xia, Bo Liu, Peter J. Jin, Yang Cao, and Wansgu Hu. "Arterial Traffic Flow Estimation Based on Vehicle-to-Cloud Vehicle Trajectory Data Considering Multi-Intersection Interaction and Coordination." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (2019): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842826.
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Conventional detection methods for intersection traffic flow heavily rely on fixed-location inductive loop, video image processing, infared, and microwave radar detectors. The emerging connected vehicles (CV) technologies can potentially reduce such dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors with the vehicle-to-cloud (V2C) CV data. This paper proposes an analytical method for traffic flow estimation in urban arterial corridors based on CV trajectories collected through V2C communication. Different from the existing single-intersection models, the proposed model considers traffic states and the traffic signal coordination among adjacent intersections, therefore, can capture the delay and queuing dynamics in arterial corridors. The queue spillback phenomenon is explicitly considered by applying the shockwave theory. The proposed model is evaluated based on real-world vehicle trajectory data from the DiDi platform collected on an arterial network in Chengdu, China with a penetration rate of less than 10% of the overall traffic. The flow estimation results are compared with traffic counts collected from video detectors. The model parameters are calibrated with more than 300,000 GPS points during a typical workday and tested on a different workday. The evaluation results show a mean absolute percentage error within the range of 4–7% among all intersections, outperforming the results generated by the existing single-intersection model. The results indicate the promising potential of using the proposed methods to evaluate intersection performance without heavy investment in on-site detectors.
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Myakshin, V. N., V. N. Petrov, and T. N. Pesiakova. "Identification of Regional Sectoral Priorities Based on Key Investment Growth Points." Economy of Regions 20, no. 3 (2024): 867–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-3-17.
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The relationship and mutual influence of intersectoral investment flows should be considered to improve the effectiveness of regional investment policy under financial restrictions. An analysis of studies in the field of sectoral investment priorities revealed numerous methodological problems, meaning that it is necessary to develop a new methodological approach to the establishment of investment priorities based on identifying key investment growth points. To examine and assess intersectoral investment interactions, the paper presented the concepts of mutual investment induction, mutually induced investments, key investment growth points, and developed a system of original indicators. An industry’s ability to induce investment in interrelated industries helps justify the sectoral concentration of investment resources. Based on its assessment, three classification groups of types of economic activity were distinguished: key, potential and possible in the future investment growth points. To test the proposed methodology, indicators of intersectoral investment interactions in the sectoral structure of Arkhangelsk oblast were calculated, a classification of types of economic activity was presented. Key investment growth points include five types of economic activity: “Construction”; “Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles”; “Accommodation and food service activities”; “Professional, scientific and technical activities”; “Provision of other types of services”. Potential points include four types of economic activity: “Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming”; “Manufacturing industries”; “Water supply; drainage, organisation of waste collection and disposal, pollution elimination activities”; “Health and social work activities”. The remaining eight types of economic activity constitute a group of growth points possible in the future. Based on the identified key and potential investment growth points, the paper distinguished priority investment areas and proposed an algorithm for regulating intersectoral investment flows.
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Cohn, Jesse, Richard Ezike, Jeremy Martin, Kwasi Donkor, Matthew Ridgway, and Melissa Balding. "Examining the Equity Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles: A Travel Demand Model Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119836971.
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As investments in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology continue to grow, agencies are beginning to consider how AVs will affect travel behavior within their jurisdictions and how to respond to this new mobility technology. Different autonomous futures could reduce, perpetuate, or exacerbate existing transportation inequities. This paper presents a regional travel demand model used to quantify how transportation outcomes may differ for disadvantaged populations in the Washington, D.C. area under a variety of future scenarios. Transportation performance measures examined included job accessibility, trip duration, trip distance, mode share, and vehicle miles traveled. The model evaluated changes in these indicators for disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged communities under scenarios when AVs were primarily single-occupancy or high-occupancy, and according to whether transit agencies responded to AVs by maintaining the status quo, removing low-performing routes, or applying AV technology to transit vehicles. Across the performance measures, the high-occupancy AV and enhanced transit scenarios provided an equity benefit, either mitigating an existing gap in outcomes between demographic groups or reducing the extent to which that gap was expanded.
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Gadi, Anil Lokesh. "Enhancing Vehicle Lifecycle Management through Integrated Data Platforms and IoT Connectivity." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 12 (2019): 24973–92. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijecs.v8i12.4443.
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The automotive business has transitioned from analogue to digital and is predicted to undergo an even bigger transformation, thanks to developments in digitalisation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Comprehensive digital ecosystems will be developed by networks that comprehensively link vehicles, technology, services, and people with both external and internal environments. In these ecosystems, navigating the three-dimensional (3D) open space of vehicle, technology, service, and demand involvement will produce commercial values using digital twins and data and service platforms to signify investment return and technology selection across system capability, acceptability, and adaptability. By providing an integrated data platform and connection with IoT to bolster vehicle lifecycle management, a model with indicated objectives, landscapes, components, approaches, and supporting structures is proposed and illustrated. Additionally, the value empowerment of consumers leveraging the proposed model is discussed. An integrated data platform and connection with IoT must enable robust vehicle lifecycle management by deriving operational service use and condition parameters connected with owners, managers, and highways. The extensive interlinkages among vehicles, IoT components, and data and service components within the holistic digital ecosystem must be resolved for this purpose. The procedures to integrate all data and service components must be outlined, including crucial data management techniques for feature engineering, data cleansing, data enriching, and data refilling. Then, vehicle lifecycle management perspectives by data and service components are discussed, including insights into proactive in-market service design, dynamic from market service reconfiguration, robust operation support service design, and future out-of-market disruption identification. Central issues in vehicle lifecycle management, including design strategy, planning model and approach, service design strategy, and management approach, are considered following this. The overall landscape of the proposals and corresponding prospects is illustrated. Finally, industrial input and development is presented, notably the ultimate reference model for the holistic digital ecosystem, and threats, challenges, and future scope of research are discussed.
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Kusano, Kristofer D., and Hampton C. Gabler. "Characterization of Opposite-Direction Road Departure Crashes in the United States." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2377, no. 1 (2013): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2377-02.
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Opposite-direction crashes can be extremely severe because opposing vehicles often have high relative speeds. The objective of this study was to characterize the overall frequency of opposite-direction crashes as well as the frequency of crashes involving fatalities and serious injuries. The results of the study will guide future research and investment in infrastructure-based countermeasures to opposite-direction crashes, such as centerline rumble strips. The study used data from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) General Estimates System for 2010, the NASS Crashworthiness Data System for 2006 to 2010, and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 2010. The most common opposite-direction crash scenario was a driver departing the road driving over the centerline or the road edge to the left, which accounted for only 5% of nonjunction vehicle-to-vehicle crashes but 44% of serious injury and 49% of fatal crashes of the same type. Of the cross-over-to-left crashes, 72% of fatal crashes occurred on rural, undivided, two-lane roads and accounted for 1,659 fatal crashes in 2010. In cross-over-to-left crashes on rural two-lane roads, the driver was going straight or negotiating a curve in 88% to 94% of the crashes. The driver was overtaking another vehicle in only 2% of serious injury crashes and 6% of fatal crashes. Cross-over-to-left crashes on curves were to the outside of the curve more often than to the inside of the curve. This research suggests that countermeasures to opposite-direction crashes should focus on rural two-lane roads.
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Arafat, Mahmoud, Shahadat Iqbal, and Mohammed Hadi. "Utilizing an Analytical Hierarchy Process with Stochastic Return On Investment to Justify Connected Vehicle-Based Deployment Decisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 9 (2020): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120929686.
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With the increasing interest in connected vehicles (CV), it becomes all the more important to support decisions by transportation agencies to invest in Connected Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) applications. This paper presents a method that can be used to justify the investment in CV-based safety applications considering the availability of existing solutions. The method utilizes a combination of stochastic return on investment (ROI) analysis and a multi-criteria decision-analysis (MCDA) procedure to account for uncertainties, to consider effects that cannot be converted to dollar values, and to account for stakeholder priorities. The stochastic ROI analysis is applied using Monte Carlo simulations and included as part of the selection criteria in the MCDA method using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This paper applies the method to support the deployment of CV-based applications to address transportation safety concerns on urban arterials. These applications can be categorized as CV-based support of signalized intersection safety, CV-based support of unsignalized intersection safety, and CV-based hazard warning applications. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation analysis for a project case study indicated the cost-effectiveness of these applications. The results of the AHP analysis indicate that utilizing V2I applications is 41.3% more favorable than utilizing the investigated existing solutions to address safety concern on the arterial facility that is the subject of the case study.
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Stecenko, A. A. "ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENTS IN THE LIGHT AND FOOD INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA IN 2005-2018." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 3(72) (2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.5.72.645.
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The materials of this article include a comparative analysis of the structure of investments in machinery, equipment, and vehicles in the total volume of fixed capital investments aimed at reconstruction and modernization in the light food industry of the Russian Federation. The structure of investments in food production, including beverages, tobacco production, textile production, clothing production, fur dressing and dyeing, and leather, leather products, and footwear production is presented in detail.