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Smith, David Peter. "An exploration, using a SENCo questionnaire and a senior management semi-structured interview schedule, of the continuing professional development (CPD) arrangements in place in primary schools in one local authority cluster." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3020/.
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This thesis describes a practitioner led exploration carried out in two phases: Phase 1. A scoping (Delphi) study that explored the school-based provision in place to meet the needs of pupils experiencing special educational needs, the outcome of which guided the choice of focus of the second phase. The scoping (Delphi) study findings highlighted the importance of continuing professional development (CPD) suggesting that it will have an increasingly significant role to play in preparing schools for a future in which they will become increasingly responsible for identifying, assessing, meeting, monitoring and reviewing the needs of their pupils. Phase 2. An exploration (using a SENCo questionnaire and a senior management semi-structured interview schedule) of the CPD arrangements in place in primary schools in one local authority cluster. The thesis describes, in as much detail as the available resources and goodwill allowed, the CPD practices that existed within one local authority cluster and compares these with best CPD practices as described in the literature In addition to presenting a summary of best CPD practices, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations made, regarding: actions that schools in the sample cluster might wish to take to improve the efficacy of their CPD practices, actions that I can take to improve the efficacy of my own CPD practices, and actions that I can take to inform the CPD practices of those organisations, agencies and professionals with or for whom I work.
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Bradová, Michala. "Význam sociálních sítí pro marketingovou komunikaci hudebních kapel v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162731.
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This thesis deals with the importance of social networks for marketing communications musical bands in the Czech republic. Firstly it deals with basic theoretical knowledge in the field of marketing communications, new media and social networks. Then describe the selected music band - Animé, Holden Caulfield, The Pooh and Republic of Two. Followed by analysis of the individual profiles on social networks selected music bands. Based on interviews do a comparison of views on the use of social networks for marketing communication among musicians and I will also look at the issue of fans through a questionnaire survey. In conclusion I will describe the own proposal how the musical band can promote.
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Skopeteas, Stavros, Ines Fiedler, Sam Hellmuth, Anne Schwarz, Ruben Stoel, Gisbert Fanselow, Caroline Féry, and Manfred Krifka. "Questionnaire on information structure (OUIS): reference manual." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1241/.
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Contents:
Chapter 1. Introduction
1 Information Structure
2 Grammatical Correlates of Information Structure
3 Structure of the Questionnaire
4 Experimental Tasks
5 Technicalities
6 Archiving
7 Acknowledgments
Chapter 2. General Questions
1 General Information
2 Phonology
3 Morphology and Syntax
Chapter 3. Experimental tasks
1 Changes (Given/New in Intransitives and Transitives)
2 Giving (Given/New in Ditransitives)
3 Visibility (Given/New, Animacy and Type/Token Reference)
4 Locations (Given/New in Locative Expressions)
5 Sequences (Given/New/Contrast in Transitives)
6 Dynamic Localization (Given/New in Dynamic Loc. Descriptions)
7 Birthday Party (Weight and Discourse Status)
8 Static Localization (Macro-Planning and Given/New in Locatives)
9 Guiding (Presentational Utterances)
10 Event Cards (All New)
11 Anima (Focus types and Animacy)
12 Contrast (Contrast in pairing events)
13 Animal Game (Broad/Narrow Focus in NP)
14 Properties (Focus on Property and Possessor)
15 Eventives (Thetic and Categorical Utterances)
16 Tell a Story (Contrast in Text)
17 Focus Cards (Selective, Restrictive, Additive, Rejective Focus)
18 Who does What (Answers to Multiple Constituent Questions)
19 Fairy Tale (Topic and Focus in Coherent Discourse)
20 Map Task (Contrastive and Selective Focus in Spontaneous Dialogue)
21 Drama (Contrastive Focus in Argumentation)
22 Events in Places (Spatial, Temporal and Complex Topics)
23 Path Descriptions (Topic Change in Narrative)
24 Groups (Partial Topic)
25 Connections (Bridging Topic)
26 Indirect (Implicational Topic)
27 Surprises (Subject-Topic Interrelation)
28 Doing (Action Given, Action Topic)
29 Influences (Question Priming)
Chapter 4. Translation tasks
1 Basic Intonational Properties
2 Focus Translation
3 Topic Translation
4 Quantifiers
Chapter 5. Information structure summary survey
1 Preliminaries
2 Syntax
3 Morphology
4 Prosody
5 Summary: Information structure
Chapter 6. Performance of Experimental Tasks in the Field
1 Field sessions
2 Field Session Metadata
3 Informants’ Agreement
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Fuhr, Kelly. "Psychographic questionnaires: a comparative review of scales and structures." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18956.
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Master of ScienceFood Science Institute
Delores Chambers
Psychographic Questionnaires: A Comparative Review of Structures and Scales In recent years there has been a growing trend toward integrating psychographic profiles into sensory studies with the aim of more holistically explaining consumer segmentation and preferences. With this shift in approach have come questions on the nature of psychographic scales and the theoretical implications of their structure. Given the plethora of existing psychographic scales in common practice, the purpose of this review is to give a concise overview in the breadth of structures, with the aim of helping sensory researchers identify the most appropriate scale for their needs. The review begins with a critical comparison of the three most common scale classes: Likert, Semantic Differential, and Behavioral Frequency, and their relative advantages and disadvantages. Following that, a review of psychographic questionnaire design highlights differences from sensory practices, drawing attention to sources of response bias in specific design typologies which may reduce data quality in a product design.
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簡潔枝 and Kit-chi Alice Kan. "The internal structure of the self description questionnaire: a Malaysian investigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956427.
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Gomes, Cordeiro Pedro Miguel, Figueira Ana Paula Couceiro, da Silva José Tomás, and Lennia Matos. "School Motivation Questionnaire for the Portuguese Population: Structure and Psychometric Studies." Cambridge University Press, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/314342.
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It is presented the structure and psychometric studies of the “School Motivation Questionnaire”. The SMQ is
a self-report questionnaire with 101 items, organized in sixteen scales that measure the students´ goal orientations,
the perceived classroom goal structures, the perceived teacher’s autonomy support and the use of learning
strategies. Twelve scales are adapted from the “Learning Climate Questionnaire”, “Perceptions of Instrumentality”
and “Cuestionário a Estudiantes”. Four scales and five additional items are created new. The psychometric
studies rely on a convenience sample consisting of 9th and 12th grade students ( = 485) of Portuguese schools.
The factorial and construct validity, verified through several exploratory factorial analyses to the data, presents
a final solution of six factors, labelled Strategies (F1), Teacher Extrinsic Goals (F2), Student Extrinsic Goals,
Externally Regulated (F3) Teacher Intrinsic Goals (F4), Student Extrinsic Goals, Internally Regulated (F5), and
Student Intrinsic Goals (F6). The six-factor solution explains a significant variance of the scale results (53.95%).
Good coefficients of internal consistency are obtained for all factors, never below (.858; F6). In sum there is
strong evidence to support the multi-dimensionality of SMQ, upholding that the data obtained is exploratory
and applies for future validation studies.Se presenta la estructura y los estudios psicométricos del “Cuestionario de Motivación Escolar“. El CME es un cuestionario de auto informe con 101 ítems, organizados en dieciséis escalas que miden las orientaciones de las metas de los estudiantes, la percepción de las estructuras de las metas de clase, las percepciones del apoyo del profesor a la autonomía y el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje. Doce escalas son una adaptación del “Learning Climate Questionnaire”, “Perceptions of Instrumentality” y “Cuestionario a Estudiantes”. Cuatro escalas y cinco frases adicionales se crearon para este estudio. Los estudios psicométricos se basan en una muestra de conveniencia compuesta por estudiantes de los grados 9 y 12 (N = 485) de las escuelas portuguesas. La validez factorial y la construcción ha sido verificada a través de varios análisis factoriales exploratorios de los datos, y presenta una solución definitiva de seis factores, siendo Estrategias (F1), Metas extrínsecas de los docentes (F2), Metas extrínsecas de los estudiantes, reguladas externamente (F3), Metas intrínsecas de los docentes (F4), Metas extrínsecas de los estudiantes ,reguladas internamente (F5), y Metas intrínsecas de los estudiantes (F6). La solución de seis factores explica una variación significativa de los resultados de la escala (53,95%). Se encontraron buenos coeficientes de consistencia interna para todos los factores, nunca por debajo de (.858; F6). En suma, hay una fuerte evidencia para apoyar la multidimensionalidad del CME. Estos resultados son exploratorios y servirán como una base para estudios de validación posteriores.
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Kotze, F. E. (Francina Elizabeth). "An investigation into the internal structure underlying the organisational diagnostic questionnaire (ODQ)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20903.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the internal structure that underlies the ODQ. A structural model that explicates the nature of the causal linkages between the six main constructs comprising the ODQ was developed and tested. Data obtained from 273 employees in a chrome manufacturing plant was used. This research found that the proposed model offers a plausible account of the influences that exist between the six main constructs. The benefit of this structural model will be in the enhanced interpretation of the diagnostic results derived from the ODQ.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na die interne struktuur wat onderliggend is aan die Organisasie Diagnostiese Vraelys (ODV). ‘n Strukturele model wat die onderliggende kousale verhoudings van die ses hoofkonstrukte van die ODV blootlê, is ontwikkel en getoets. Data van 273 werknemers, verbonde aan ‘n chroom vervaardigingsaanleg, is gebruik. Die navorsing toon dat die voorgestelde model ‘n aanneemlike weergawe is van die onderliggende verhoudings wat tussen die ses hoofkonstrukte bestaan. Die voordeel van die voorgestelde model lê daarin dat dit die interpretasie van resultate, wat uit die diagnose verkry is, kan verbeter.
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Dillon, Jacqueline Monte McGlynn F. Dudley. "Defining dissociation based on the factor structures of three instruments." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Psychology/Dissertation/Dillon_Jacqueline_11.pdf.
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Beaujouan, Yves-Marie. "La structure factorielle de l'opq (occupational personality questionnaireʿ? dans huit pays." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H003.
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Cette recherche etudie la pertinence du modele de la personnalite en cinq facteurs : le "five factor model" (l'extraversion, l'empathie, l'ouverture intellectuelle, le caractere consciencieux, la stabilite emotionnelle). A partir des resultats de plus de 20 000 personnes au questionnaire de personnalite opq (occupational personality questionnaire) dans huit pays differents (belgique, coree, japon, espagne, france, italie. Royaume-uni, usa), elle etudie la pertinence et la stabilite de ce modele. Deux sujets sont abordes prealablement : la valeur theorique d'un tel modele, et l'analyse de differents problemes methodologiques que pose l'analyse factorielle (la legitimite de la factorisation de donnees ipsatives, le nombre de donnees minimum pour obtenir des solutions factorielles stables, les avantages de la factorisation de regroupements d'items). Les resultats montrent que cette structure -le five factor model- apparait clairement dans la langue ou a ete construit ce questionnaire, et qu'elle devient plus floue quand les differences culturelles s'accroissent. Certains facteurs sont plus stables que d'autres dans l'ensemble des pays etudies (la stabilite emotionnelle et l'empathie). D'autres se retrouvent lies entre eux, negativement (l'ouverture intellectuelle et le caractere consciencieux), dans certains pays.
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Kobayashi, Wakako. "Structural Equation Modeling of Writing Proficiency Using Can-Do Questionnaires." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/461909.
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Teaching & LearningEd.D.
The purposes of this study were to validate the writing section of the Eiken Can-Do Questionnaires used in this study and the second purpose was to determine the effects of ten affective orientations (i.e., Desire to Write English, Attitude Toward Learning to Write English, Motivational Intensity, Instrumental Orientation for Writing in English, L2 Writing Anxiety, L2 Writing Self-Confidence, Willingness to Communicate in L2 Writing, Self-Esteem, Cognitive Competence, and General Self-Worth), on the participants’ responses to the Eiken Can-Do Questionnaires. This purpose is valuable because little is known about the relationship between Can-Do Questionnaire and affective variables investigated in this study. The final purpose of this study was to develop Can-Do Questionnaires as an internal measure for a university writing class. The participants of this study were 204 university students studying in two private universities in Tokyo, Japan. The first instrument was the writing section of the Eiken Can-Do Questionnaire; this questionnaire served as the outside measure in this study. The second, six out of nine essays written by the students were assessed as a measure of their writing ability in English. The Affective Orientation Questionnaire was administered to measure ten Affective Orientations. The questionnaire and essay data were analyzed using the Rasch rating scale. All of the participants completed the Background Questionnaire and Affective Orientation Questionnaire in April 2010 and 2011 and completed the writing section of the Eiken Can-do Questionnaire in April, July, and December 2010 and 2011. six writing assignments were produced by 179 out of the 204 participants wrote during the 2010 and 2011 academic year, and the relationships among the variables were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicated that the use of the Eiken Can-Do Questionnaires as the proficiency level measure was appropriate for this group of university students. The Eiken Can-Do Questionnaires were predictors of Motivation and L2 Self-Confidence. Motivation was a predictor of WTC in L2 Writing. Therefore, it should be noted that the Eiken Can-Do Questionnaires had an indirect effect with WTC in L2 Writing. The result implies that through having Eiken Can-Do questionnaires and Classroom Can-do Questionnaires to achieve their future goals, their English classes and their future learning objectives were connected. It is necessary to provide students with adequate practice and guidance in using the Eiken Can-Do Questionnaires in order to promote a deeper understanding of their purposes and uses.
Temple University--Theses
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Zatkin, Judith Gayle. "Examining the Structure of the Modus Operandi Questionnaire for Adult & Juvenile Sex Offenders." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4073.
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Child sexual abuse is a pervasive crime that has numerous negative short and long-term impacts on its victims, as well as negative impacts for society. Modus Operandi (MO) is defined as a pattern of perpetration utilized by those who commit CSA to successfully abuse a child without detection. Understanding how CSA is perpetrated through MO is essential, as this construct influences both prevention of CSA, and treatment for victims and perpetrators. The Modus Operandi Questionnaire (Kaufman, 1991; MOQ) is the first and most comprehensive measurement tool for CSA MO, and is utilized by both researchers and clinicians. This study provides an up-to-date factor analysis of the MOQ, breaking the measure into five stage-based scales (i.e.; Accessing the victim, Gaining the victim's trust, Gaining the victim's cooperation, Sexual Abuse, and Silencing after the abuse). Each stage-based scale was analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis to determine structure followed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis to examine model fit, as well as loadings of first-order factors onto their respective stage-based second order factors. Although model fit for all five scales can be improved, the results of this study determined reliable factors within all five scales, and show a structure that can be utilized to further inform research, treatment, and prevention of CSA.
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Zheng, Liying. "Operating Room Version of Safety Attitudes Questionnaire – An Analysis Using Structural Equation Models." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175920.
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Beyer, Andrew P. "The Development and Validation of the Insomnia Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSAT-Q)." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250596738.
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Turková, Kateřina. "Využívání sociální sítě Facebook obcemi ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360661.
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This diploma thesis discusses the evaluation of the extent and way of using the social network called Facebook by the municipalities of the Central Bohemia Region, participating in the local Agenda 21. The subjects of the research are official Facebook pages of the municipalities on the mentioned social network. Emphasis is placed on revealing the relationships between the characteristics of individual municipalities and their activity, or the way of using Facebook. The theoretical part of the thesis provides definitions of the basic terms and the theoretical background. The research questions are formulated in the Methodology chapter. They are answered in the research section of this thesis by using combination of research methods. Official Facebook pages were created by four municipalities (until the 1 January 2016) from total number of twelve municipalities and small municipalities, participating in the local Agenda 21 in the Central Bohemian Region. According to the results of the econometric analysis, the higher the unemployment rate in these municipalities, the more likely it is that the municipality has an official Facebook page.
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Flato, Claudia Graciela. "Factor structure analysis of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol - Spanish questionnaire among adolescents in Mexico." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5872.
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Expectancies about the effects of alcohol predict alcohol consumption among
adolescent children. Although alcohol-expectancy measures have been validated to use
with English speaking populations, there is currently no available information on the
psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol (CEOA) questionnaire
with Spanish speaking populations. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the
factor structure of the Spanish version of the CEOA was assessed in a set of scores
obtained from a sample of adolescents from Mexico (N = 345). The results replicated the
7-factor structure of the CEOA. Moreover, CEOA factor-scale derived scores predicted
alcohol use. Overall, the CEOA-Spanish appears to be a valid measure of alcohol
expectancies for use with Mexican adolescents.
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Furuhashi, Takeshi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, and Minh Tuan Pham. "Questionnaire Data Analysis Based on a New Dendrogram for Visualization of Hierarchical Structure of Proximity." Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20684.
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Liu, Yun, and Yun Liu. "Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire in Chinese College Students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624553.
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As an international phenomenon, school bullying negatively impacts children, adolescents, and young adults all over the world. In China, bullying problem has drawn increased research attention in recent years. Research on school bullying depends on valid and reliable measurement of bullying and victimization behaviors. Unfortunately, however, psychometrically sound bullying measures for use with Chinese students are lacking. The Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire (RPEQ) is a widely used self-report bullying measure that has demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in students from the United States and several European countries. In the current study, the psychometric properties and factor structure of the RPEQ were examined with a sample of Chinese college students.
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Garai, Cintia Judit. "Personality Structure and Polymorphisms of Personality-Related Genes in Wild Bonobos (Pan paniscus)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202667.
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Ralston, Ekaterina S. "Structure of organizational trust in military-type and civilian organizations Validation of the Organizational Trust Questionnaire /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
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CASTILLO, CRISTIAN DOS SANTOS. "PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND THE LATENT STRUCTURE OF THE PORTUGUESE VERSION OF THE PENN STATE WORRY QUESTIONNAIRE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10383@1.
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SERVIÇO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAGEM INDUSTRIALO objetivo do presente trabalho consistia em traduzir o Questionário de Preocupação do Estado da Pensilvânia (PSWQ) para o português e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas e a estrutura latente desta versão traduzida em uma amostra representativa de universitários no Brasil para determinar sua confiabilidade e validade psicométricas. Um primeiro estudo utilizou 871 graduandos de diferentes Universidades do Rio de Janeiro apresentando uma faixa de idade de 17 a 68 anos. Uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) foi realizada para examinar a estrutura latente dos 16 itens que compõem esta escala. Um segundo estudo utilizou 978 graduandos com as mesmas características do estudo 1. Uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) foi usada para inspecionar eventuais artefatos fatoriais da escala, previamente descritos na literatura. Os resultados indicaram que o PSWQ apresentou uma adequada consistência interna. No primeiro estudo, uma AFE indicou uma solução de dois fatores. Um fator foi relacionado com a preocupação presente e incorporou todos os 11 itens escritos na forma afirmativa. O outro foi associado com a preocupação ausente e incorporou todos os 5 itens escritos na forma negativa. No segundo estudo, uma AFC ajustou uma solução de três fatores. Um fator incorporou todos os itens do PSWQ, onde os outros dois fatores foram relacionados com os itens na afirmativa e negativa. Coeficientes de correlação destes dois fatores de itens na afirmativa e negativa com o total do PSWQ e a subescala traço do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado sugerem que o fator composto pelos 5 itens na negativa não contribui significativamente para a estrutura latente do PSWQ. A avaliação psicométrica da versão em português do PSWQ indicou que esta escala pode medir confiavelmente a presença do construto de preocupação em uma amostra não clínica. Análises de sua estrutura fatorial sugeriram que o fator da preocupação ausente deve ser um artefato metodológico atribuído ao efeito da forma escrita dos itens na negativa.
Translate the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) to Portuguese and evaluate the psychometric properties and the latent structure of the translated version in a large Brazilian college student sample to determine its psychometric reliability and validity. A first study employed 871 undergraduate students from different Universities of Rio de Janeiro ranging from 17 to 68 years of age. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to analyze its latent structure of 16 items that composes the scale. A second study employed 978 college students with the same characteristics from Study 1. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to investigate eventual factorial artifacts of the scale previously described in the literature. Results indicated that PSWQ had an adequate internal consistency. In the first study, the EFA yields a two-factor solution. One factor was related to worry presence and incorporated all the 11 positive-worded items stated in a non-reversed form. The other was associated to worry absence and incorporated all the five negative- worded items stated in a reversed form. In a second study, the CFA leads to a three- factor solution. One factor incorporated all the PSWQ items whereas the two other factors were linked to the reversed and non-reversed items. Correlations coefficients of these two reversed and non-reversed factors with the total scores of the PSWQ and the trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory suggest that the factor composed by the five items do not contribute in a meaningful way to the PSWQ latent structure. Psychometric evaluation of the Portuguese version of the PSWQ indicated that the scale can reliably measure the presence of the worry construct in a non-clinical sample. Analysis of its factorial structure suggested that the worry absence factor might be a methodological artifact due to a wording effect of the reversed items.
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Forbush, Kelsie Terese. "Examining the structure of eating pathology through scale construction." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2700.
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Eating disorders are alarmingly prevalent and potentially lethal. The proper assessment of eating disorder symptoms is therefore crucial for the early identification and treatment of those suffering from these serious illnesses. Current measures of eating disorder symptoms are either very narrow in scope (e.g., assess only one aspect of disordered eating, such as bingeing) and/or have one or more serious limitations, such as inconsistent factor structures and/or poor discriminant validity. Because several of the existing measures of eating disorders were created over 20 years ago, many of these limitations are the direct result of out-dated scale development methods and testing.The goal this study was to determine the structure underlying the symptoms of eating disorders and develop a multidimensional measure of eating pathology based on this structure. To accomplish this goal, an initial item pool was developed to assess 20 dimensions of eating pathology. The initial item pool of 160 items was administered to a student sample (N=433) and community sample(N=407) to determine the preliminary structure of the measure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The revised measure was then administered to independent samples of psychiatric patients (N=190) and students (N=227). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 7-factor structure that showed excellent convergent and discriminant validity. The final measure was also internally consistent (median coefficient alphas ranged from .84-.89) and reliable over a two- to four-week period (r's ranged from .70-.84). The current study represents one of, perhaps, the most comprehensive scale development project ever conducted in the field of eating disorders and is expected to improve future basic and treatment research focused on eating disorders.
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Thygesen, Kylie Louise. "The Defense Style Questionnaire 60 (DSQ-60) : factor structure and psychometric properties in a non patient population." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98587.
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The Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) is a self-report instrument designed to measure defensive functioning and coping styles. Originally developed by Bond and colleagues (1983), the questionnaire has been researched extensively. The present investigation sought to determine the factor validity of the newly developed DSQ-60 (Trijsburg, Bond & Drapeau, 2003) in a sample of English-speaking university students (n = 305) and French-speaking university students (n = 212). Using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, three factors, or defense styles were revealed: image distorting, affect regulating, and adaptive. Cronbach's alpha for the three styles was .64, .72, and .61, respectively. Results are compared with prior research on the DSQ.
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Dahlqvist, Mattias. "Is family structure associated with the psychological behavior of young people? : The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a population sample." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-138293.
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Differences in family structure have been linked to several mental health outcomes, where children living in a nuclear family setting are best-off, while children in joint physical custody are second best followed by those living mostly and only with one parent. One of the biggest changes in recent years is that joint physical custody is growing more common. The dependent variables in this thesis were three dimensions of mental health from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Data from 6th and 9th graders in the entire Sweden 2009 was used. Regression modelling showed differences in mental health between the family structures throughout, although children in joint physical custody was not significantly different from those in nuclear families (reference category) in half of the models. Children living mostly with one parent reported the third worst levels of problematic behaviour and prevalence of low prosocial behaviour while those living with just one parent were worst off. Stratifying by gender did reveal small coefficient differences and so did controls for birth region. This thesis, although in a line of other publications based on this study can help shape future guidelines for e.g. social workers.
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Els, Leonie. "A confirmatory factor analytic study of the aspects of identity questionnaire (AIQ-IV)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27800.
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To obtain valid and reliable research findings it is important to follow the process to validate measuring instruments. This entails determining the psychometric properties of a measure to eliminate or decrease the presence of measurement errors. Measurement errors have a negative impact on the validity of research findings. The aim of this study was to perform a confirmatory factor analytic study on the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV) to assess the model fit of the data. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed as part of the process to assess construct validity of a questionnaire to discover the misrepresenting influences of these measurement errors and to provide a foundation for further research. The AIQ-IV was administered to a sample of 157 participants in the South African context including different race, gender, age and occupation groups, drawn by means of convenient sampling. The research results and fit indices indicated that the data reflected a reasonable model fit. Copyright 2010, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Els, L 2010, A confirmatory factor analytic study of the aspects of identity questionnaire (AIQ-IV), MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092012-122330 / > C12/4/67/gmDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Human Resource Management
unrestricted
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Boshoff, Lusilda 1985. "Validation of the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-being in a South African context / L. Boshoff." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8844.
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Explicating the nature and concomitants of eudaimonic well-being is currently at the forefront of research on a fulfilling life and functioning well. However, the strength of research conducted on constructs is dependent on the quality of instrumentation. In view of this notion, Waterman et al. (2010) developed the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB) to operationalise their conceptualisation of eudaimonic well-being and explored the scale’s validity in American student samples. In particular, they confirmed a good fit of a unidimensional factor structure by using parcelled indicators in confirmatory factor analysis. Research on the applicability of this measure within the other cultural contexts needs to take cognisance of aspects such as conceptual equivalence, translation issues, and validity criteria. To contribute to the adaptation of the QEWB for the multilingual South African context, the aim of this study was to explore the structural and external validity of English, Afrikaans, and Setswana versions of the QEWB.
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey design was used for data gathering. The sample (n = 975) consisted of students from a large university in South Africa, who completed either the English (n = 325), Afrikaans (n = 478), or Setswana (n = 172) version of the scale. To investigate the structural validity of the scale, descriptive statistics, reliability coefficients, and the scale’s factor structure were scrutinised. Regarding the latter, confirmatory factor analyses with both parcel- and item-level indicators, as well as principal component analyses were examined to assess the fit of a one-factor model. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to further explore the dimensionality of the scale. External validity was examined by considering the attenuation corrected correlational patterns between scores on the QEWB and measures of well-being and ill-being.
Results showed that item- and scale-level scores were mostly negatively skewed, with high average scores. Internal consistency reliability statistics indicated satisfactory reliability, except for a small mean interitem correlation for the Setswana instrument. Although adequate goodness of fit statistics of parcel-level confirmatory factor analyses supported Waterman et al.’s (2010) notion of a one-factor structure, the assumption of unidimensionality within parcels was not satisfied, which suggested that these analyses could have masked multidimensionality. A lack of fit of the one-factor model was shown by a number of small or negative interitem and item-total correlations, insufficient fit indices for item-level confirmatory factor analyses, and a small proportion of variance explained by the first unrotated component in principal component analysis. Exploratory factor analyses indicated a three-factor model, where the factors Sense of Purpose, Active Involvement in Beliefs, and Effortful Engagement were distinguished. For the English scale, a four-factor model was also sensible. Items that may need modification for the current context were identified. Support for convergent and discriminant validity was established.
This study contributed to a further validation of the QEWB and highlighted its multidimensional structure for the groups involved. Further evaluation of the scale on conceptual and empirical levels is indicated, also specifically for applicability within the South African multilingual context.Thesis (MSc (Clinical Psychology)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Byles, Hestie Sophia. "Race, class and the equity dilemma : examining the usefulness of a biographical questionnaire in identifying Resilient-Agency (R-A) to supplement admission criteria into the University of Pretoria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67136.
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The dilemma of accounting for race, class and equity in admission to university education is not a new one. And yet it remains a heated debate and an unsolved problem to this day. The grey areas surrounding this dilemma far outweigh the proverbial black and white. This study argues that the equity dilemma may have much to do with the way access is granted into university and aimed to offer actionable alternatives to the debate surrounding the equity dilemma: should access be granted – in attempt to redress past inequalities - on the basis of race or class? By focusing on race and/or class, we may misread the underlying signals of agency and resilience in students who work against disadvantage, even at times thrive in the face thereof, and transcend (or has the potential to transcend) all of these imposed restrictions and obstacles.
In the field of education, the figure of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu looms large, and for this reason, amongst others, I mainly draw on his ideas to expand on how I came to understand this interplay between educational disadvantage as structure and the ability of some students to succeed, as agency. Yet, I did not find sociological notions of agency completely satisfactory in my attempts to understand why some students excel despite challenges and hence attempted to enrich the sociological notion of agency with a complimentary focus on the psychological concept of resilience.
Consequently, my argument was that if resilience and agency is demonstrated by a student and can be perceived, it must be possible to assess it and to determine, before allowing a student access to university whether he/she is in possession of such traits. This was to be done by examining a biographical questionnaire (BQ) for its usefulness in identifying resilient-agency (R-A) and then, if it is found to be useful, implement such a BQ to augment placement at the University of Pretoria.
The BQ was administered to two cohorts of students in 2012 (n=118) and 2013 (n=229) respectively. The data from the BQ was used to identify interview participants and interviews were consequently conducted with seven participants. A narrative analysis was done on the qualitative and quantitative data whereby the data was restoried into narratives. With the permission of the Registrar, the first-year marks of the students were added and organised into the narratives. A thematic analysis of the narrative was done and elucidated through the inclusion of the theoretical framework underpinning this study.
Various questions arose in grappling with the positioning of the concepts resilience and agency in this study and specifically into the narratives. In wresting with them, a shift in my own theoretical understanding of these two concepts led to the investigation of a possible amalgamation of the two terms. As a result, a new conceptual language is introduced that builds on resilience and agency. The contribution of this study is found in the identification and discussion of the potential indicators for resilient-agency (R-A) as identified from the narratives presented and positioning them in such a way that they inform the future development of the BQ into an instrument that has the potential to identify R-A and therefore augment the process of university admissions and effectively address the equity dilemma.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Sociology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Lau, Wai-ha Abby, and 劉慧霞. "Structural equation modeling of the child perceptions questionnaire measuring oral health-related quality of life of children in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40988089.
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Lau, Wai-ha Abby. "Structural equation modeling of the child perceptions questionnaire measuring oral health-related quality of life of children in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988089.
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Alkherainej, Khaled, and Khaled Alkherainej. "Examination of the Factor Structure and Agreement of Three Questionnaires for Identifying Young Children At Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12506.
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The factor structure and agreement among commonly used questionnaires for identifying children at risk for developmental disability and autism spectrum disorders between the ages of 36 and 66 months were studied. The Age and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional (ASQ: SE), and the Social Communication Questionnaires (SCQ) were examined and compared in their ability to identify developmental disability and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in young children. The results showed the classification agreement of the ASQ was superior to the ASQ: SE and the SCQ. In addition, the factor structure of the ASQ appeared more theoretically grounded in comparison to the SCQ and the ASQ: SE. The results of the factor structure and agreement analysis indicate that the ASQ can be used to identify children at risk for developmental disability and ASDs. In addition, the ASQ: SE and the SCQ had strong agreement with a diagnosis of ASDs in young children, indicating that the ASQ: SE or the SCQ can also be used to identify children at risk for developmental disability and ASDs. Limitations of the current study and directions for future studies are discussed.
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Hejkrlíková, Jana. "Interpersonální konflikty a způsoby jejich řešení a předcházení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223819.
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My thesis on "Interpersonal conflicts and ways of their solution and prevention" focuses on exploring the organizational structure of the company and on th problematic areas in communication. The theoretical part will allow us to better understand the issues of internal communication and conflicts in the workplace. In the practical part, the main method for processing content analysis (questionnaire, observation and interviews with employees, which I carried out in the company). From this analysis, I then draw concrete conclusions.
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Moyo, Seretse. "A preliminary factor analytic investigation into the first-order factor structure of the fifteen factor questionnaire plus on a sample of black South African managers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1536.
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Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organisations in open market economic systems aspire to optimally utilize the scarce resources at their disposal so as to maximize profits. To achieve this goal, the human resources function is tasked with the responsibility to acquire and maintain a competent and motivated workforce in a manner that would add value to the bottom-line. Selection thereby becomes a critical human resources management intervention in any organisation in as far as it regulates human capital movement into and through the organisation. To be able to make informed selection decisions, industrial-organisational psychologists and human resources practitioners need valid and reliable information on predictor constructs to allow them to make accurate predictions of the criterion construct. This provides the essential justification for the primary objective of this study which was to undertake a factor analytic investigation of the first-order factor structure of the Fifteen Factor Questionnaire Plus (15FQ+) on a sample of Black South African managers. The data used in this study was drawn from the database of Psymetric (Pty) Ltd with the permission of Psytech SA. The sample comprised 241 Black managers assessed by Psymetric (Pty) Ltd between 2002 and 2006. Item- and dimensionality analyses were performed on the 15FQ+ subscales to assess the success with which they represented the underlying personality constructs. The outcome of both the item and dimensionality analyses showed that although the items in each of the subscales seemed to be representing the underlying personality construct, they were not without problems. A spectrum of goodness-of-fit statistics was used to assess the measurement model fit. The model‟s overall fit was found to be good. The model parameter estimates, however, gave some reason for concern. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the claim made by the 15FQ+ authors that the items included in each subscale reflect specific personality dimensions is tenable. The magnitude of the estimated model parameters, however, suggests that the items generally do not reflect the latent personality dimensions they were designated to reflect with a great degree of success. The items are reasonably noisy measures of the latent variables they represent. Based on these findings, this instrument should be used with caution, particularly on groups different from the UK samples on which it was originally developed and standardised. This study expands our understanding of this measure. Its findings should guide future research on a larger, more representative sample from the same target population to give credence to, or to refute these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Organisasies in „n vrye-mark ekonomiese stelsel streef daarna om die skaars hulpbronne tot hul beskikking optimal aan te wend ten einde wins te maksimeer. Om hierdie doel te bereik word die menslike hulpbronfunksie getaak met die verantwoordelikheid om ‟n bevoegde en gemotiveerde werksmag te verkry en in stand te hou op ‟n wyse wat waarde tot die onderneming voeg. Keuring word daardeur ‟n kritieke menslike hulpbronintervensie in enige organisasie in so verre dit die beweging van menskapitaal in en deur die organisasie reguleer. Ten einde ingeligte keuringsbesluite te kan neem, benodig bedryfsielkundiges en menslike hulpbronpraktisyns betroubare en geldige inligting oor voorspellerkonstrukte om hul in staat te stel om akkurate voorspellings van die kriteriumkonstruk te maak. Dit bied wesenlik die regverdiging vir die primêre oogmerk van hierdie studie, naamlik om „n faktoranalitiese ondersoek van die eerste-orde faktorstruktuur van die Fifteen Factor Questionnaire Plus (15FQ+) op „n steekproef swart Suid Afrikaanse bestuurders te onderneem. Die data wat in die studie gebruik is, is verkry uit die databasis van Psymetric (Pty) Ltd met die toestemming van Psytech SA. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 241 swart bestuurders wat tussen 2002 en 2006 deur Psymetric (Pty) Ltd getoets is. Item- en dimensionaliteitontledings is op die 15FQ+ subskale uitgevoer ten einde die sukses vas te stel waarmee hul die onderliggende persoonlikheidskonstrukte verteenwoordig. Die resultate van beide die item- en die dimensionaliteitontledings het aangedui dat ofskoon die items van elke subskaal die onderliggende persoonlikheidskonstruk skyn te verteenwoordig, was hulle nogtans nie sonder probleme nie. ‟n Spektrum passingsmaatstawwe is gebruik om die pasgehalte van die metingsmodel te beoordeel. Die model se algehele passing was goed. Die skattings van die model parameters het egter wel rede tot kommer gegee. Die resultate van die bevestigende faktorontleding dui daarop dat die aanspraak van die ontwikkelaars van die 15FQ+ dat die items wat in elke subskaal ingesluit is spesifieke persoonlikheidsdimensies reflekteer, wel houbaar is. Die grootte-orde van die geskatte modelparameters dui egter daarop dat die items oor die algemeen nie die persoonlikheidsdimensies wat hul ontwerp is om te reflekteer met groot sukses reflekteer nie. Die items is redelik raserige metings van die latente veranderlikes wat hul verteenwoordig. Gebaseer op hierdie bevindinge behoort hierdie instrument met omsigtigheid gebruik te word, veral op groepe wat verskil van die VK steekproewe waarop die instrument ontwikkel en gestandaardiseer is. Die study dra by tot ons begrip van die instrument. Die bevindinge van die studie behoort toekomstige navorsingop 'n groter, meer verteenwoordigende steekproef uit dieselfde teikenpopulasie te rig ten einde die onderhawige bevindinge te steun of te weerlê.
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Brown, Reagan. "An examination of the structure and predictability of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator preferences using a job component validity strategy based on the Common-Metric Questionnaire." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040356/.
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MITSUMATSU, Sawako, Takeshi FURUHASHI, Tomohiro YOSHIKAWA, Akira ITO, 佐和子 光松, 武. 古橋, 大弘 吉川, and 晃. 伊藤. "階層的可視化手法を用いたアソシエーション分析によるプロファイリング." 日本感性工学会, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20697.
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Mahashabde, Vedangi. "Comparison of Lean Construction in India and United States of America." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1728.
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The concept of Lean Construction has been introduced successfully into the Construction Industry to increase efficiency and profit by elimination of non-value adding activities or ‘Waste’. Lean Construction is an adaptation of Lean manufacturing principles and is the future of the Construction Industry in developing as well as developed countries. There has been much study and documentation conducted on ‘Lean Construction’ in USA. Even though people have started practicing Lean in India, there is lack of documented information available about it. Professionals within the Industry could already be minimizing ‘Waste’ and/or following Lean principles without the knowledge of the term ‘Lean Construction’. This thesis has reviewed and compared Lean Construction practices and awareness in India and USA.
A questionnaire based study was used to examine practices and collect data about Construction for analysis. Descriptive statistics was primarily used to make inferences from the data. The Lean Construction characteristics of the construction professionals from both the countries were discussed and analyzed. It was inferred that the Construction Industry in both the countries could benefit further from the Lean practices and increase profitability by up to 25%. In general, personnel in the Construction Industry from both the countries need to receive regular knowledge and updates about Lean principles in order to optimize resources effectively.
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Galloway, David Bruce. "Prepotency of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on Job satisfaction: A structural equation model." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2267.
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Sánchez, Rodríguez Raquel. "Le burn-out maternel : état des lieux, vécu des mères et validation d'un questionnaire Fatigue et épuisement des mères, du vécu personnel à l’influence environnementale : une étude qualitative Stress, depression and anxiety in burned out mothers of preschool and school-aged children: Insight from cluster analysis Development and preliminary validation of the Mother Burnout Scale (MBS): Bifactorial structure, reliability and validity." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20055.
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La maternité soumet les femmes à de grandes exigences pouvant les amener jusqu’à l’épuisement maternel. Si la psychopathologie dans la période périnatale a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, peu de recherches se sont ciblées sur les difficultés vécues par les femmes dans leur rôle spécifique de mère par la suite. Le but de ce travail est ainsi d’apporter des connaissances scientifiques concernant la psychopathologie du burn-out maternel, son vécu et son évaluation.L’étude 1 est une étude exploratoire qualitative menée auprès de 4 focus groupes.L’objectif était d’explorer des notions spécifiquement associées à la maternité telles que les notions de sacrifice ou encore de mère idéale, ainsi que les attentes de l’entourage. Les résultats ont soulevé que l’épuisement maternel trouve son origine dans les tâches et les responsabilités souvent reliées au rôle maternel ainsi que dans la pression exercée par l’entourage.L’étude 2 propose des profils des mères en burn-out basés sur le stress parental, le stress environnemental, l'anxiété et les symptômes dépressifs. Quatre profils ont été mis en évidence dans l'échantillon : le premier caractérisé par les difficultés avec l'enfant, le second présentait une prédominance de symptômes anxieux et une grande détresse parentale, le troisième manifestait une détresse sévère et le quatrième présentait de faibles niveaux de tous les symptômes.L’étude 3 avait comme objectif la création et la validation d’un questionnaire de burn-out maternel permettant d’examiner la prévalence des mères concernées. Les analyses factorielles ont permis de retenir une structure à trois facteurs qui représentait 51% de la variance : manifestations émotive-comportementales négatives, épuisement physique et émotionnel et sentiment d’accomplissement parental. Selon les scores seuil établis, 18,3% des mères auraient un certain degré d’épuisement et 6,6% pourraient souffrir d'épuisement maternelMotherhood subjects women to high demands that can lead them to maternal burnout. Although psychopathology in the perinatal period has been the subject of many studies, little research has focused on the difficulties experienced by women in their specific role as mothers afterwards. The purpose of this work is thus to provide scientific knowledge concerning the psychopathology of maternal burn-out, its experience and its evaluation.Study 1 is a qualitative exploratory study conducted with 4 focus groups. The goal was to explore concepts specifically related to maternity such as notions of sacrifice or ideal mother, as well as the expectations of the entourage. The results have shown that maternal exhaustion is rooted in tasks and responsibilities that are often related to maternal roles and peer pressure. Study 2 provides profiles of burnout mothers based on parental stress, environmental stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Four profiles were highlighted in the sample: the first characterized by difficulties with the child, the second showed a predominance of anxiety symptoms and great parental distress, the third had severe distress and the fourth had low levels of all symptoms. Study 3 aimed at creating and validating a maternal burnout questionnaire (MBS) to examine the prevalence of the mothers concerned. Factor analyzes retained a three-factor structure that accounted for 51% of the variance: negative emotive-behavioral manifestations, physical and emotional exhaustion, and sense of parental achievement. According to the threshold scores, 18.3% of mothers would have some degree of burnout and 6.6% could suffer from maternal burnout
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Cho, Eunhye. "The Effects of School Mathematics Resources on Students' Intention to Study Mathematics Over Other Subjects: Multilevel Mediation Structural Equation Modeling." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109167.
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Thesis advisor: Lillie L. AlbertIncreasing students' intentions to pursue mathematics-intensive careers is an urgent priority in the United States. To foster these intentions among marginalized student groups, such as immigrant students, and achieve equity in their career options, a critical question is whether we should allocate a greater proportion of school resources to mathematics over other subjects. The aims of this dissertation study were, first, to conceptually model and statistically evaluate how a school environment that prioritizes mathematics over other subjects might influence students' intentions to pursue mathematics over other academic subjects in the long term, and second, how this relationship is mediated by students’ mathematics pursuit attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior (Ajzen, 1991), and moderated by their immigrant standing. The data for this study stemmed from the U.S. 2012 Programme For International Student Assessment Academic & Science (PISA) Student Questionnaire and School Questionnaire. A predictive mean matching technique was used to impute missing data that would resemble observed data. A 2-1-1 multilevel mediation Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was implemented to accurately measure a school-level effect and student-level effect of the relationship of the examined constructs and to test the hypothesized model for the total sample. In order to compare immigrant student group and non-immigrant student group in the path model, multiple group path analysis was conducted. The results of the multilevel SEM model for the total sample presented that, at the school level (level 2), the school’s mathematics resources had no statistically significant direct and indirect effects on aggregated students’ intentions to pursue mathematics over other subjects. However, at the student level (level 1), students’ experiential and instrumental attitudes toward the pursuit of mathematics were positively related to students’ intentions to pursue mathematics over other subjects. The results of the multiple group path analysis comparing immigrant and non-immigrant student groups also found that the school’s mathematics resources had no statistically significant direct and indirect effects on students’ intentions to pursue mathematics over other subjects. However, a statistical difference in the overall path model of these two groups was found. The implications of this study for researchers, educators, and policymakers were discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Jiao, Jian. "Regional Structural Investigation and Its Application on Seismic Risk Management for Groups of Traditional Wooden Buildings in Important Preservation Districts." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188574.
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Zebdi, Rafika. "Contribution de la SCARED (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), de la CBCL (Child Behavior CheckList) et de la Kiddie-SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children) à l'évaluation des troubles anxieux chez l’enfant d’âge scolaire." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100093.
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On s’est proposé : 1) de déterminer si les formes auto-et-hétéro-évaluatives du questionnaire Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), la Youth- Self Report (YSR) et la Child Behavior ChekList (CBCL) constituent de bons prédicteurs des diagnostics des différents troubles anxieux posés à l’aide de l'entretien semi-structuré Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age-Children- Present version (Kiddie-SADS-P) sur un échantillon français d’enfants consultants ; 2) de vérifier l’aptitude de la SCARED à discriminer les enfants consultants des enfants tout-venant ; 3) d’étudier l’influence du sexe sur le niveau d’anxiété et 4) d’évaluer le niveau de concordance parents/enfants dans l’évaluation de ces troubles. Méthode : 69 enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans, consultant pour une aide psychologique au sein de Réseaux d’Aide Spécialisée aux Enfants en Difficulté (RASED) ont été évalués au moyen de l'entretien semi-structuré Kiddie-SADS et des questionnaires SCARED, CBCL et YSR. Les protocoles de la SCARED (forme enfant et forme parent) ont été comparés à ceux d'un groupe témoin composé de 48 dyades enfant/parent issus des mêmes écoles. Résultats: Les scores d'anxiété auto-évalués par les enfants à la SCARED constituent de bons prédicteurs des critères de troubles anxieux évalués au moyen de l'entretien Kiddie-SADS. Contrairement aux études internationales, aucune différence entre les filles et les garçons n'apparait dans notre échantillon. A cause du faible taux d'accord entre parent/enfant sur le niveau des troubles anxieux, les deux évaluations apparaissent nécessaires pour l'obtention d'un diagnostic adéquatThe aims of this study were : 1) to examine if the self-report and other-report forms of the questionnaire Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), the Youth Self-Report (YSR), and the Child Behavior ChekList (CBCL) are good predictors of the different anxiety disorders diagnosed using the semi-structured interview Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-age children-Present version (Kiddie-SADS-P) on a French sample of referred children, 2) to check the ability of the SCARED to discriminate referred and non-referred children, 3) to study the influence of gender on the anxiety level, and 4) to evaluate the level of parent/child agreement in the assessment of these disorders. Method: 69 children aged 6 to 12 years, referred to a "RASED" (a psychological/educational support facility located in the French schools) were assessed using the Kiddie-SADS semi-structured interview, and the SCARED, CBCL and YSR questionnaires. The SCARED questionnaires (self-report and parent-report) were compared with a control group scores of 48 parent/child dyads selected from the same schools. Results: The self-reported SCARED anxiety scores are good predictors of anxiety disorders criteria, assessed using the Kiddie-SADS interview. Contrary to international studies, no difference between girls and boys appears in our sample. Because of the low levels of agreement between parent/child about levels of anxiety disorders the two assessments appear necessary to obtain a proper diagnosis
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Petrowski, Katja, Sören Kliem, Michael Sadler, Alicia E. Meuret, Thomas Ritz, and Elmar Brähler. "Factor structure and psychometric properties of the english version of the trier inventory for chronic stress (TICS-E)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234462.
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Background
Demands placed on individuals in occupational and social settings, as well as imbalances in personal traits and resources, can lead to chronic stress. The Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) measures chronic stress while incorporating domain-specific aspects, and has been found to be a highly reliable and valid research tool. The aims of the present study were to confirm the German version TICS factorial structure in an English translation of the instrument (TICS-E) and to report its psychometric properties.
Methods
A random route sample of healthy participants (N = 483) aged 18–30 years completed the TICS-E. The robust maximum likelihood estimation with a mean-adjusted chi-square test statistic was applied due to the sample’s significant deviation from the multivariate normal distribution. Goodness of fit, absolute model fit, and relative model fit were assessed by means of the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Tucker Lewis Index (TLI).
Results
Reliability estimates (Cronbach’s α and adjusted split-half reliability) ranged from .84 to .92. Item-scale correlations ranged from .50 to .85. Measures of fit showed values of .052 for RMSEA (Cl = 0.50–.054) and .067 for SRMR for absolute model fit, and values of .846 (TLI) and .855 (CFI) for relative model-fit. Factor loadings ranged from .55 to .91.
Conclusion
The psychometric properties and factor structure of the TICS-E are comparable to the German version of the TICS. The instrument therefore meets quality standards for an adequate measurement of chronic stress.
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Cervo, Clarissa Socal. "Relações entre liderança autêntica, capital psicológico e engajamento no trabalho : análise da influência da estrutura organizacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157452.
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A presente tese investigou em que medida a percepção de liderança autêntica, de líderes e liderados, promove o capital psicológico e o engajamento no trabalho dos mesmos. Analisou-se ainda a influência da estrutura organizacional nas variáveis estudadas. Cinco estudos foram conduzidos. Primeiro, fez-se uma revisão da literatura sobre a produção internacional de liderança autêntica entre os anos de 2011 a 2015. Essa análise identificou importantes avanços sobre a temática. No entanto, os críticos desta teoria ainda apresentam pontos a serem respondidos. Os estudos de validação e da invariância da medida do Authentic Leadership Questionnaire para o Brasil, confirmam a adequação do instrumento. Os últimos dois estudos apontam que o capital psicológico prediz mais o engajamento no trabalho dos profissionais, em relação a liderança autêntica. Ainda constatam, estruturas organizacionais cooperativas e empreendedoras tem os profissionais mais engajados, em comparação as estruturas individualistas e controladoras.This thesis investigated to what extent the perception of authentic leadership, by leaders and followers, promotes their psychological capital and work engagement. The influence of organizational structure on the variables studied was also analyzed. Five studies were carried out. Firstly, a review was made of the literature on the international production on authentic leadership between 2011 and 2015. That analysis identified important advances in the subject. However, critics of this theory still present points to be addressed. Studies regarding validation and the invariance of the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire for Brazil confirm the suitability of the instrument. The last two studies indicate that psychological capital is a better predictor of employees’ work engagement than authentic leadership. It also emerges that cooperative and entrepreneurial organizational structures have more engaged employees than more individualistic and controlling operational structures.
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Michel, Pierre. "Sélection d'items en classification non supervisée et questionnaires informatisés adaptatifs : applications à des données de qualité de vie liée à la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4097/document.
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Un questionnaire adaptatif fournit une mesure valide de la qualité de vie des patients et réduit le nombre d'items à remplir. Cette approche est dépendante des modèles utilisés, basés sur des hypothèses parfois non vérifiables. Nous proposons une approche alternative basée sur les arbres de décision. Cette approche n'est basée sur aucune hypothèse et requiert moins de temps de calcul pour l'administration des items. Nous présentons différentes simulations qui démontrent la pertinence de notre approche. Nous présentons une méthode de classification non supervisée appelée CUBT. CUBT comprend trois étapes pour obtenir une partition optimale d'un jeu de données. La première étape construit un arbre en divisant récursivement le jeu de données. La deuxième étape regroupe les paires de noeuds terminaux de l'arbre. La troisième étape agrège des nœuds terminaux qui ne sont pas issus de la même division. Différentes simulations sont présentés pour comparer CUBT avec d'autres approches. Nous définissons également des heuristiques concernant le choix des paramètres de CUBT. CUBT identifie les variables qui sont actives dans la construction de l'arbre. Cependant, bien que certaines variables peuvent être sans importance, elles peuvent être compétitives pour les variables actives. Il est essentiel de classer les variables en fonction d'un score d'importance pour déterminer leur pertinence dans un modèle donné. Nous présentons une méthode pour mesurer l'importance des variables basée sur CUBT et les divisions binaires compétitives pour définir un score d'importance des variables. Nous analysons l'efficacité et la stabilité de ce nouvel indice, en le comparant à d'autres méthodesAn adaptive test provides a valid measure of quality of life of patients and reduces the number of items to be filled. This approach is dependent on the models used, sometimes based on unverifiable assumptions. We propose an alternative approach based on decision trees. This approach is not based on any assumptions and requires less calculation time for item administration. We present different simulations that demonstrate the relevance of our approach.We present an unsupervised classification method called CUBT. CUBT includes three steps to obtain an optimal partition of a data set. The first step grows a tree by recursively dividing the data set. The second step groups together the pairs of terminal nodes of the tree. The third step aggregates terminal nodes that do not come from the same split. Different simulations are presented to compare CUBT with other approaches. We also define heuristics for the choice of CUBT parameters.CUBT identifies the variables that are active in the construction of the tree. However, although some variables may be irrelevant, they may be competitive for the active variables. It is essential to rank the variables according to an importance score to determine their relevance in a given model. We present a method to measure the importance of variables based on CUBT and competitive binary splis to define a score of variable importance. We analyze the efficiency and stability of this new index, comparing it with other methods
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Verrett, Shannon L. "Gender Perceptions of Administrative Team Members Regarding Secondary Principals' Leadership Actions and Behaviors in Managing Change." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1542.
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Abstract
This cross-sectional survey study investigated middle and high school administrative team members’ leadership classifications and perceptions of secondary principals’ leadership actions and behaviors in the context of change and to what extent these perceptions are gender specific. In addition to gender, the study also examined the impact of race/ethnicity, age, campus level, length of employment in the district, length of time working with the principal, and closeness to the principals on leadership actions and behaviors. The results of the study are intended to highlight the importance and value of feminine-inspired leadership approaches and administrative team members’ perspectives of leadership in managing and leading the change process.
The study targeted the leadership actions and behaviors of 39 middle school and 28 high school principals assigned to traditional secondary schools in the southwestern United States. Administrative team members’ perceptions of secondary school principals’ approaches to leadership served as the basis for the study, which investigated whether administrative team members perceived principals’ leadership actions or behaviors in a change context to be gender specific. Male and female administrative team members (n=210) were surveyed using the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ), Form XII – fourth revision (Ohio State University, 1962). Based on survey results, secondary principals were classified as dynamic, considerate, passive, and structured leaders as rated by administrative team members using the LBDQ.
The results of the study revealed that gender and school level of administrative team members did not influence the classification of secondary principals as dynamic, considerate, passive, or structured leaders. The ratings of those principals perceived as dynamic were statistically significantly higher than those of principals as passive and structured leaders. Out of 62 secondary principals, administrative team members classified principals as follows: dynamic leaders 63% (n=39), considerate leaders 5% (n=3), passive leaders 16% (n=10) and structured leaders 16% (n=10). Additionally, dynamic leaders received a statistically significant higher rating of closeness to principal when compared to passive and structured leaders. The findings of the study, which illuminate the perspectives of administrative team members with regard to secondary school principals, have implications for informing research on school leadership as well as educational leadership practices.
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Beteinaki, Eleftheria. "Structures, processes and outcomes in preschool units with high and low proportions of second language learners of Swedish : A Comparative Study." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, CHILD, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49627.
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Second language learners (SLLs) are students at risk for negative outcomes in preschool. Theoretical statements from systems theory and the ecological model of inclusive education indicate that a main focus of interest when supporting children should be the preschool environment that surrounds them. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare structures and processes in preschool settings that are presupposed by theory to have an impact on children’s functioning, along with children’s outcomes in preschool units with different proportions of SLLs. A combination of questionnaire data and data from observations were used in order to describe and compare the structure of child-teacher ratio, the process-related variables of teachers’ tone, children’s proximity and verbal interaction and lastly the outcomes of involvement and social interactions in different play types between the units. Data were analyzed with independent sample t-tests and the results revealed that units with different proportions of SLLs differ regarding processes and outcomes but not the structure of child-teacher ratio. Teachers’ tone in units with low proportion of SLLs was more positive and children were more verbal to the teacher while children in units with high proportions of SLL, had more self-talk/ private speech, less social-interactions and associative play, and lower levels of involvement. The differentiations in processes and children outcomes, along with the non-differences in child-teacher ratios between units with high and low proportions of SLLs highlight the need for further research in the field in order to investigate which environmental factors affect children outcomes in attempts to intervene and safeguard inclusiveness.
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Chmelařová, Kateřina. "Návrh a kalkulace cen vybraných stropních konstrukcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372031.
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This final thesis discuss about design, calculation and efficient choice of ceiling construction. The goal is to optimize the design of the building in order to minimize construction and operation costs, to meet the required purpose and to meet a certain quality standard. The effort to achieve this goal is based on the theory that a family house may not be designed in a single design system. In the practical part, three types of ceiling construction are designed for the selected RD. The result of the study is to determine the most appropriate option for a family house using value analysis and budget price.
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Pšenička, Martin. "Zhodnocení kvalitativního přínosu rozvojového projektu spolufinancovaného z finančních fondů EU." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223551.
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The first part of my work focuses on the theoretical description of EU regional policy, its evolution and the description and the objectives of the different programming periods. In this part of the work is also described which EU funds are being used for co-financing of different goals. Furthermore I define all operational programs which can be used to draw funds to provide grants. These information are necessarry to choose the right operational program to use. For the particular project co-financed from the European Union, I present an economic analysis of the project and a questionnaire survey which I use to do a qualitative assessment of the project and its help for the development of the region.
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Horká, Barbora. "Implementace strategie ve společnosti Komerční pojišťovna, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222849.
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This material informs readers about implementation of strategy in company. The chapter number 1 (theoretical part) deals with the general principals of implementation of strategy and methods which are used for practise. This part should be instrumental as a theoretical base for the practical part. The sekond part (analysis) is focusing on running of comapany Komerční pojišťovna, a.s.. It describes history of company, its activities, organization structure. First of all it characterizes the methods, which are used by top management for implementation of strategy to all stages of management. Part of analysis is called questionnaire examination and it identifies fruitfulness of this implementation from employees view. The third part prezents proposals and recommendations for more efficient processes.
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Fernandes, Luciana Teixeira. "DIAGNÓSTICO DA DEPRESSÃO NUMA PERSPECTIVA FENOMENOLÓGICA/EXISTENCIAL ATRAVÉS DO PNK, CET-DE E DA ENTREVISTA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2007. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1958.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-24This study aims to present the results of the conjugated use of three techniques that, in a phenomenological diagnostic perspective, explore the meaning of the depressive state lived by the researched subject. The verbalization of the same was stimulated in these for dimensions: depressive, humo, anergy, discommunication, biopsychological rhythmopathy. The expressive-projective technique of the PMK explores them through the irreflected miocinetic gestural language, such temperamental of genotypic as characterial or phenotypic. The direct techniques of the CET-DE (Tetradimensional Structural Questionnaire for the Depression) and the interview explore them by means of its verbalization reflected or conscious. The results attest the utility of the connected use of a projective technique and two called direct, in the sense that the second ones help in the interpretation of the data of the first and this last one establishes the veracity of the data obtained with the others ones. They confirm, however, the present clinic diagnostic of the PMK technique, by the undisguisable character of the language it uses.
Este estudo objetiva apresentar os resultados do uso conjugado de três técnicas que, numa perspectiva diagnóstica fenomenológica, exploram os significados do estado depressivo vivenciados pelo sujeito pesquisado. A verbalização dos mesmos foi estumulada nestas quatro dimensões: humor, anegia, descomunicação, ritmopatia bio-psicológica. A técnica projetiva-expressiva do PMK os explorou através da linguagem gestual miocinética irrefletida, tanto temperamental ou genotípica quanto caraterial ou fenotípica. Já as técnicas diretas do CET-DE (Questionário Estrutural Tetradimensional para a Depressão) e da Entrevista os exploraram mediante sua verbalização refletida ou consciente. Os resultados atestam a utilidade do emprego conjunto de uma técnica projetiva e de duas, chamadas diretas, no sentido de que as segundas ajudam na interpretação dos dados da primeira e esta última alicerça a veracidade dos dados obtidos com as duas. Confirmam, todavia, a atualidade diagnóstica clínica da técnica do PMK, pelo caráter indissimulável da linguagem que utiliza.
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Vital, Jacqueline Furtado. "Avaliação dimensional da versão em português da Conflict Tactics Scales Parent-Child: um instrumento de aferição de violência contra crianças e adolescentes." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1573.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child (CTSPC) é um instrumento concebido em inglês usado para identificar a violência contra a criança. Sua proposição original é composta de um módulo básico com três dimensões e estrutura de itens que se divide entre as escalas de Disciplina Não-Violenta, Agressão Psicológica e Agressão Física, sendo que esta inclui as escalas de Punição Corporal e de Mau-Trato Físico. Esta Tese tem como objetivo aprofundar a análise das características psicométricas no que concerne a adequação dimensional da versão em português da CTSPC, observando se os resultados convergem aos encontrados nos estudos pregressos, bem como se os resultados sugerem a necessidade de alguma modificação do instrumento. Os dados são provenientes de três estudos que tinham como objetivo geral identificar o uso de violência contra a criança por meio da CTSPC em três serviços de saúde. A estrutura dimensional do instrumento foi analisada utilizando Análise de Fatores Confirmatória (AFC) stricto sensu. Notou-se um ajuste relativamente bom com cargas, em geral, altas, em dois setores de saúde, mas a análise da validade discriminante aponta para evidências de uma possível estrutura dimensional de ordem superior ou que existe informação oriunda de itens de um fator para outro. Para avaliar a falta de especificação dimensional, uma extensa análise exploratória via Análise de Fatores Exploratória em uma estrutura Confirmatória (AFE/C) foi conduzida. O ajuste do modelo continuou bom, com cargas elevadas e uma queda substantiva das correlações fatoriais. Encontrou-se certa reordenação de itens, nos três setores de serviços de saúde. Ainda que tenha havido algumas cargas cruzadas foi possível identificar uma outra estrutura dimensional com itens de ordem psicológica carregando em blocos separados conjuntamente a itens físicos formando novas estruturas dimensionais e atos de violência hedionda que formam um fator separado. Esse padrão de itens, por dimensão, foi encontrado nos três sítios ainda que os itens não se comportem identicamente, de forma geral, apresentam um padrão coerente. O reordenamento dos itens pode ser interpretado como um novo padrão de domínios com atos de violência crescente. Ainda que a CTSPC capte a violência contra a criança, a estrutura dimensional postulada pelos autores do instrumento não pode ser corroborada. Essa não sustentabilidade da estrutura original da CTSPC parece apontar para novas dimensões. Mais estudos nessa direção necessitam ser realizados para que se encontre uma especificação de itens estável e condizente com essa aparente estrutura. A utilização da CTSPC como está merece cautela não podendo ser recomendada enquanto essa questão não for aprofundada. Diante disso, fica evidente que a linha de estudo em avaliação, desenvolvimento e adaptação transcultural da CTSPC para avaliar maus-tratos contra a criança ainda merece ser mais bem explorada. Os achados do presente estudo mostram a necessidade de rever a versão em português da CTSPC ou mesmo de investir na construção de um novo instrumento por meio da crítica guiada pelo debate contínuo entre profissionais interessados
The Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child (CTSPC) is an instrument designed in English used to identify child abuse and negligence. Its original proposition consists of a basic module with three dimensions and the structure of items is divided in the following scales: Nonviolent Discipline; Psychological Aggression and Physical Aggression; and Corporal Punishment and Physical Maltreatment. This thesis aims at examining the psychometric characteristics regarding the dimensional adequacy of the Portuguese version of the CTSPC, and if the results converge to those found in previous studies and if they suggest the need for some modifications of the instrument. The data come from three studies that aimed at identifying the use of violence against children using CTSPC in three health services. The dimensional structure of the instrument was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in the strict sense. I feel a relatively good fit with loadings generally high, in two sectors of health, but the analysis of discriminant validity evidenced points to a possible higher order dimensional structure or that there is information from one item to another factor. To assess the lack of dimensional specification, an extensive exploratory analysis via Exploratory Factor Analysis in the CFA framework (E/CFA) was conducted. The model fit remained good, with high loadings and a substantial drop in correlation factor. Reordering items was suggested from the analysis of the three studies used in the present analysis. While there is some cross-loadings, one can identify another dimensional structure, in which items loading from psychological blocks grouping together to form new physical dimension and heinous acts of violence. This pattern of items was found in three studies although the items did not behave identically, but generally, presenting a coherent pattern. The reordering of the items can be interpreted as a new pattern in areas with growing violence. Although CTSPC may be capturing violence against children, the dimensional structure postulated by the authors of the instrument can not be corroborated. This non-sustainability of the original structure of CTSPC seems to point to new dimensions. More studies need to be made in this direction to search for a specification of items stable and consistent with this apparent structure. The use of CTSPC, as it is, deserves caution and its not being recommended until that question is fully explored. Therefore, it is evident that the line of study in evaluation, development and cultural adaptation of to assess CTSPC maltreatment of the child still deserves to be better explored. The findings of this study showed the need to review the Portuguese version of CTSPC or even invest in the construction of a new instrument through it to criticism guided by the ongoing debate among interested professionals
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Hill, Crystal Renee. "Effects of family routines and family stress on child competencies." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4142.
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The current study had two purposes. The first purpose was to examine the
association between family rules and routines and first grade children's teacher-rated and
peer-rated behavioral competencies (e.g., emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer
problems, hyperactivity, and prosocial behavior) after controlling for both family
stressors (i.e., single parent home, mobility, socioeconomic status, property ownership)
and child ethnicity (African American, Caucasian, Hispanic). The second purpose was to
determine if child regulatory control abilities mediates the effects of family rules and
routines and children's behavioral competencies.
The parents of 215 ethnically diverse children (38%, Caucasian, 22% African
American, 33% Hispanic, 7% Other) were interviewed in their homes with a modified
and shortened version of Family Routines Inventory (FRI; Jensen, James, Boyce, &
Hartnett, 1983). Teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ;
Goodman, 1997), and peers completed a modified version of the Class Play (Masten,
Morison & Pelligrini, 1985). Scores from the SDQ were standardized and combined
with the standardized scores obtained from the peer nominations to create composites of the behavioral competencies. Additionally, teachers completed a modified version of the
California Child Q-set (CCQ) (Block & Block, 1980) as a measure of these children's
regulatory control abilities.
African American parents' ratings of their family's rules and routines were
higher than those of Hispanic and Caucasian parents' ratings. Additionally, family
stressors were positively associated with higher teacher and peer ratings of conduct
problems and lower ratings of prosocial behavior. Neither ethnicity nor family rules and
routines predicted child competencies. A statistically significant curvilinear relationship
was found between family rules and routines and conduct problems such that children of
parents reporting the highest and lowest levels of family rules and routines have more
conduct problems. No associations were found between family rules and routines and
child competencies or children's regulatory control abilities. Limitations of the study are
discussed in terms of inadequate measurement of family rules and routines, a defensive
response set, self-selection on the part of the parents to participate in the interview, and a
sample that is not representative of the community of parents and children in the
participating schools.