Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structures de chaussée'
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Diakhaté, Malick. "Fatigue et comportement des couches d'accrochage dans les structures de chaussée." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521906.
Full textDiakhaté, Malick. "Fatigue et comportement des couches d’accrochage dans les structures de chaussée." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6571d719-9eba-4e0e-be37-58cb8a5632eb/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4037.pdf.
Full textThe research work presented in this PhD thesis lies within the framework of a partnership between the laboratory Mechanics and Modeling of Materials and Structures in Civil Engineering (3MSCE, University of Limoges) and Eurovia, a subsidiary of the VINCI Group. The study aims at better understanding the mechanistic behavior of tack coats spread at the interface between two asphalt concrete (AC) layers. This behavior is characterized through a large experimental campaign. Then, the tests results are used in a finite element program. This program allows the pavement structure engineer to predict, on the one hand, the durability of the bonding at the interface, and on the other hand, the effect of modeling the interface behavior on the pavement response. In this research project, a laboratory double shear test device is designed and manufactured. By means of a mono-axis hydraulic press, the device allows applying a double shear loading at the interfaces of a symmetrical specimen which is consisted of three AC layers. Thus, monotonic, oligocyclic and fatigue tests are carried out at 10 and 20°C on an interface BBTM/BBSG (very thin AC layer overlaid on a dense AC layer). This interface is with or without tack coat (a cationic rapid-set emulsion with pure bitumen). The oligocyclic and fatigue tests were carried out in a force controlled mode, and lead to very innovative and interesting results. Three failure criteria are analyzed. The results clearly show that the lack of tack coat reduces the fatigue performance of the bonding (interface). Through the analysis of the results, a method is proposed, and allows predicting the fatigue law of the bonding from the monotonic shear tests results. This shear tests campaign is completed by a series of laboratory monotonic torque tests. Besides the characterization of the tack coats shear behavior, the experimental conditions where the torque and the double shear tests results are similar are specified. The last part of this work deals with, on the one hand, the effect of the interface shear behavior on the pavement structure design, and on the other hand, the effect of the repeated horizontal loads on the fatigue of the bonding at the interface. Two finite element models (2D and 3D) are developed in order to evaluate the mechanistic response of the pavement subjected to the French standard axle. Findings from this numerical simulation show that, when taking into account the horizontal loads, the fatigue of the bonding becomes predominant during the pavement structure design
Hun, Manitou. "Influence de l'eau sur le décollement d'une interface par flexion d'un bicouche de chaussée urbaine." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777011.
Full textGaborit, Philippe. "Comportement thermo-mécanique de structures de chaussées bitumineuses." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0004.
Full textThis thesis was conducted into a parnership between ENTPE university of Lyon, AREA and Eiffage Travaux Publics. Current methods of determination and prediction of damage to highway pavement structures are unreliable and need to be improved. The aim of the thesis is to establish an back analysis procedure from the deflection measurements fiving access to material behavior parameters of each pavement layers. A first step is to define more precisely the states of stress and deformation existing in the different layers of pavement. For this reason, a motorway pavement instrumentation was performed near Aix les Bains in France. 47 strain sensors and temperature were implanted into the structure in three layers during maintenance works in August 2012.In parallel, pavement materials were collected on motorways to characterize their behavior. Complex modulus tests were used to determine the thermo-viscoelalstic properties of materials. These results were used to modeling the deformation of the pavement and compared with measurements. Deflection measurements were also performed on the instrumented pavement with a curviameter device. The reseults were compared to modeling. The observed differences have helped to provide a critical analysis of deflection measurements
Meftah, Rabie. "Une approche par formalisme de green réduit pour le calcul des structures en contact dynamique : application au contact pneumatique/chaussée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00665546.
Full textFlorence, Cécile. "Etude expérimentale de la fissuration réflexive et modélisation de la résistance de structures cellulaires." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENPC0015.
Full textFlorence, Céline. "Etude expérimentale de la fissuration réflective et modélisation de la résistance de structures cellulaires." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001516.
Full textVu, Trong Dai. "Modélisation des effets tournants du pneumatique et des forces decontact pour le bruit de roulement basses fréquences." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1051/document.
Full textThe rolling noise contributes significantly to the noise inside cars. This noise comes from the tire/road contact. In low frequencies (0-400 Hz), it is mainly transmitted into the cabin through structural vibration. The current method used at PSA Peugeot Citroen to predict this noise, is a mixed simulation/experimental approach which is long, expensive and not sufficiently predictive. In order to overcome these difficult, a full numerical approach is considered. It requires modeling the tire vibration by taking into account the rotating effects and the contact with the rough surface. Concerning the model of rotating tire, a formulation of a deformable solid is constructed by using an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian approach (ALE). This formulation is validated by an application on a new simplified tire model which is a circular ring including the shear stresses and the non linear effects due to the vehicle weight. A more complex model composed of tire/wheel/cavity including all the rotating effects is also validated by comparison with experiments. Then the contact with a real road is calculated by different approaches to get the acceptable computing time for industrial uses. In particular, the calculation of the contact is divided into a non-linear static analysis followed by a linear dynamic calculation. The validation of this model is successfully achieved by comparison test results
Cesbron, Julien. "Influence de la texture de chaussée sur le bruit de contact pneumatique/chaussée." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2079.
Full textThis work deals with experimental and numerical investigations on tyre/road contact for the prediction of tyre/road noise. The dynamical contact stresses between the tyre and the road are modeled by successive static states between an elastic half-space and several perfectly rigid asperities. The problem in statics is solved using a Two-scale Iterative Method (TIM) which is faster than classical numerical methods. Concerning experiments, the contact stresses measured between a rubber block and several spherical punches are in good agreement with the results of the TIM. For the contact in statics between a slick tyre and many rough surfaces, the comparisons between experiments and calculation are still good for surfaces composed of spherical indenters and road surfaces with medium macrotexture. The results are less good for road surfaces with high or small macrotexture. These results are encouraging considering the precision of the measurement system and the simple hypotheses used in the model in comparison with the complexity of tyre/road contact. Finally, in situ measurements of contact forces and tyre/road noise were carried out for a slick tyre rolling on several road surfaces. It seems that dynamical contact stresses are influenced by the visco-elastic behavior of the rubber and by the vibration of the tyre during rolling. These phenomena could be included in the model in the future. Moreover, the measured levels of contact forces and noise were greatly correlated around 800 Hz, which frequency could be directly linked to road texture
Attia, Thomas. "Interfaces between pavement layers in bituminous mixtures." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET001.
Full textTo ensure that road structures present a good mechanical strength, the layers that compose them are bonded together with tack coats. A new device, named 2T3C Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (2T3C HCA), has been designed in this thesis to characterise the thermomechanical behaviour of interfaces between pavement layers in bituminous mixtures. 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D DIC) has been used to find the displacement gaps at the interface. The behaviour of different interface configurations has been studied in the small strain domain, for which a new model was introduced to describe them, and in the large strain domain thanks to monotonic shear failure tests
keymanesh, Mahmoud Reza. "Contribution à l'étude de la déflexion des structures de chaussées." Rennes, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAR0011.
Full textNasser, Hanan. "Méthode de résolution du M4-5n par éléments finis mixtes pour l’analyse des chaussées avec discontinuités." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0005/document.
Full textPavements are multilayer structures which undergo cracking distress due to traffic and climatic factors. It is important nowadays to be able to model the mechanical response of such damaged pavements in order to assess their residual lifetime or to design reinforcement solutions. In this context, the present thesis aims at developing a numerical tool dedicated to the analysis of pavements incorporating cracks or discontinuities. In the developed approach, the pavement structure is modeled as a stacking of “plate” elements of typeM4-5n (Multi-Particle Models of Multilayer Materials) which considers 5n equilibrium equations. A reference quick 2D calculation tool for cracked pavements and a general solving of M4-5n by the mixed Finite Element (FE) method was developed. The starting point for this method is the derivation for M4-5n of the variational principle based on the complementary energy theorem whose condition of statically admissible stress is taken into account using Lagrange multipliers. Discretization of the generalized stresses involves interpolation spaces, proposed to avoid ill-conditioned system of algebraic equations after discretization and to insure stability of the solution. The developed method is implemented in a FreeFem++ script. In this method, the initial 3D problem can be handled through FE simulations in 2D and finite values of the generalized stresses are obtained at crack and interlayer debonding locations. The developed numerical tool was validated and applied to the study of the mechanical response of a structure with cracks representative of a pavement tested underfull-scale conditions during an accelerated fatigue test performed at IFSTTAR
Lebeau, Marc. "Modélisation de l'état hydrique dans les structures de chaussées en période estivale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0032/MQ38689.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Tien Sy. "Extraction de structures fines sur des images texturées : application à la détection automatique de fissures sur des images de surface de chaussées." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592482.
Full textAchimastos, Lito. "Appréciation de l'état structurel d'une chaussée souple à partir des observations de dégradations de surface." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9821.
Full textAdministrators of secondary roads do not always have the information of the means necessary to diagnose problems in their network. For this reason, it would be useful to establish a link between the structural state of the pavement and the observations made regarding surface degradation, especially in the case of flexible pavement, which makes up 90 % of the secondary roads network in France. Damage to the pavement structure manifests itself in two main types of degradation : cracking and rutting. To better understand how such degradation progresses, ten pavements subjected to the L. C. P. C. Cirular test track in Nantes, France have been studied. From this analysis, a law linking the rutting rate to the deflection has been proposed. Furthermore, it has been deduced that the study of the evolution of cracking can be separated from that of rutting. These studies have been conducted with 3D finite-element modelling. In this way, the orientation of the fatigue cracks can be explained as a function of the thickness of the asphalt mix layer : the first fatique cracks are longitudinal for thin structures, whereas for thick strutures they are transversal, because of the localisation of the first weakness area. As regards rutting, modelling that takes into acount the 3D loading and the symmetry of the ruts along the driving axis has been proposed. Finally, the last model proposed is an alternative to the 3D tools. It is a discrete model of the slab type enabling study of the influence of cracking on the progress of rutting
Asli, Cherif. "Analyse dynamique des structures multicouches soumise à une force d'impact : application aux chaussées." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0051.
Full textUp to now, the identification of the modulus of elasticity of various layers of pavement is based on static models. The present work consists in developing a dynamic approach which allows representing better the dynamic nature of the FWD test. The semi-analytical study by means of the spectral method is developed to identify unknown parameters of the system. Finite element analysis of the FWD test allows understanding better the dynamic behavior of pavement under impact loadings. The FER/Impact code developed in the LMEE laboratory is applied to simulate a multi-layers pavement model under axisymmetric conditions. The materials of the various layers are supposed homogeneous, isotropic and elastic. To take into account the attenuation of the dynamic phenomena generated in the multilayers media, Rayleigh damping is considered. An innovative device is developed to characterize the material properties of subgrade and foundation. The method of least squares is used for the back-calculation of the modulus of elasticity.. The confrontation of the experimental and numerical results validates the dynamic approach
ZENZRI, HATEM. "Endommagement anisotrope en fatigue. Application au calcul d'une structure de chaussee bitumineuse." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENPC9221.
Full textKhoueiry, Nicole. "Study of granular platforms behaviour over soft subgrade reinforced by geosynthetics : Experimental and numerical approaches." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI027.
Full textGeosynthetics were used since 1970 in the base course reinforcement supported by soft subgrade in unpaved road application. The various factors and parameters influencing the dominant mechanism and its relative contribution on the platform improvement explain the need of more investigations in this topic. In this research work, large-scale laboratory test was developed to study the reinforcement contribution in the unpaved road improvement. Therefore, an unpaved platform was built of 600 mm of artificial subgrade supporting a base course layer. A detailed experimental Protocol was established regarding the soil preparation, the installation and the soils compaction procedure to reproduce the site conditions and insure the platform repeatability for each test. Three geosynthetics were tested first under a cyclic plate load test. Cyclic load was performed on the prepared platform, with a maximum load of 40 kN resulting in a maximum applied pressure of 560 kPa. The platform was subjected to 10,000 cycles with a frequency of 0.77 Hz. An advanced and complete soil instrumentation was provided in order to collect the maximum data needed for thorough analysis. Quality control tests were performed before each test to verify the soil layers homogeneity and properties. Two base course thicknesses were tested under this test condition, 350 and 220 mm. Once the developed protocol was confirmed under the circular plate load tests, further tests using the Simulator Accelerator of Traffic (SAT) were performed. Indeed, the laboratory prepared platform was placed in a larger box of 1.8 m in large, 5 m in length and 1.1 m in height. The prepared platform was subjected to two solicitations: a particular plate and traffic load. The Simulator Accelerator of Traffic was developed specially for this application. A machine that simulates the traffic load under an effective length of 2 m and a velocity of 4 km/h. The two areas were instrumented: the area under the circulation load, and the area under the plat load, located aside. In addition, a numerical model based on the differential element method using FLAC 3D was developed. The model simulated the circular plate load test with the same platform configuration under monotonic load. The results were compared to the first monotonic load applied on the rigid plate experimentally
Dansou, Anicet. "Méthode des éléments de frontière accélérée pour les structures multifissurées : application au renforcement des chaussées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/DANSOU_Anicet_2019_ED269.pdf.
Full textCracking is one of the major causes of structural degradation in civil engineering. Numerical modeling of cracks and their propagation, requires the development of efficient algorithms. This thesis presents the optimization and extension of an existing numerical tool, for the efficient simulation of crack propagation problems in civil engineering structures. The presented code is based on Galerkin integral equations accelerated by the fast multipole method. Integral methods are accurate in fracture mechanics problems, for the computation of stress and displacement fields near cracks and have the advantage of reducing the discretization dimension. The calculation cost of integral methods can be reduced with the fast multipole method, which is based on a reformulation of the fundamental solutions into series of product of functions. The performance of the resulting code is improved in this work through the implementation of a data reusing technique, the parallelization of time-consuming parts and the proposal of a new method of data storage. Extension work is also carried out to consider complex multi-domain problems, the treatment of surface breaking cracks and the study of complex problems by coupling with the finite element method. The obtained code has made it possible to simulate crack propagation in road pavement structures. Our work has permitted to study the effect of fiberglass grid reinforcements on pavement cracking
Le, Boursicaud Vinciane. "Nouvelles utilisations des mesures de bassins de déflexion pour caractériser l’état structurel des chaussées." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0036/document.
Full textThe evaluation of the structural characteristics of pavements is involved in their maintenance. The measurement of deflection is a key indicator of this evaluation. Currently, only the maximum deflection and the radius of curvature are analyzed. However, the curviameter and the deflectograph are able to record the whole deflection bowl and the parameters deduced from thismeasurement could help to better characterized damages on pavements. The interpretation of the measurements is only qualitative and back calculation of pavement layer moduli gives unsatisfactory results. The thesis aims to improve the interpretation of deflection measurements. The working principle of these apparatus and the measurement assumptions introduce several measurement biases.To overcome these issues, a correction process has been developed. The comparison with theoretical basins has given satisfactory results on bituminous or flexible pavements. Then, a numerical study has been conducted to determine the influence of pavements damages on the deflection measurement. By this study, it has been showed that the usual indicators of the deflection measurement are notable to detect all damages. So, a methodology hasbeen developed in order to create an optimized indicator specified to a special defect. A study on numerical results has been conducted to validate the implementation of these indicators. Then, the correction method and these new indicators have been tested on experimental sites with and without damages. At last, the research works have been studied at network level
Agal, Tarek. "Développement d'un catalogue de dimensionnement structural des chaussées pour la Ville de Montréal." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/345/1/AGAL_Tarek.pdf.
Full textMessaoudi, Yahmi Saliha. "Développement d'un catalogue de dimensionnement structural des chaussées pour la Ville de Longueuil." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/667/1/MESSAOUDI_YAHMI_Saliha.pdf.
Full textGauthier, Pierre. "Étude du concept de structure inverse pour le renforcement de chaussées soumises aux charges d'autobus urbains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28500/28500.pdf.
Full textLoughreit, Fouad. "Contribution à la modélisation hydrologique des chaussées a structure réservoir pour leur conception et leur simulation." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0017.
Full textThe major goal of the present thesis is to define models and tools which will help to foresee the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. In the meantime, tools for their conception and their behavior modelisation at different space scales will also be given. The study is presented in 4 different parts: - the first part defines the general context of research by presenting, on the first hand, the actual states of storm urban drainage and of the growing use of alternative techniques - of which porous pavement structures -, and on the second hand, the different forms that can adopt these particular structures. From the problems observed through the comprehension of their global functioning, new domains of research will be proposed. -The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation, the criticism and the classification of different models used to define the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. The third section of the study fixes the bases for a conceptual model of both regulated and non-regulated porous pavement structures and proposes its calibration with data from two of our own experimental sites. This section ends, with the validation of the conceptual model. Finally, the fourth section shows the results of a comparison between different porous pavements conception and modelisation tools under typical situations
Décatoire, Rodrigue. "Optimisation des campagnes d'inspection dans le cadre de processus stochastiques de dégradation : Application aux structures en béton armé." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=831818a0-80d5-4c3d-a74c-f5adae962f0d.
Full textThe development of modern societies has seen the construction of several structures and infrastructures built in reinforced concrete. The management of those structures, potentially large and subjected to important pathologies, aiming at ensuring and guaranteeing their safety and durability has become a true economical challenge. Looking for an optimal inspection, maintenance and repair plan according to safety constraints is one of the possible solutions to address this challenge. This work is bounded by a preventive maintenance context where the concrete degradations may lead to the corrosion of the reinforcements and not to structural failure. The corresponding degradation models are put in an uncertainty context where the spatial variability of the environmental exposure and the concrete properties are accounted for. Based on such predictions, an adaptive design of experiments helps to identify, at a given time, where the structure should be inspected in order to evaluate its degradation state which will indicate the need for maintenance or a repair action. A decision tree therefore allows to predict the probabilistic evolution of the structure state, including the effect of maintenance and repairs. This tree is then used in an optimisation process which aims at finding where and with which inspection technique the structure is to be inspected to minimise both the expectation of the exploitation costs and the associated uncertainties due to the measurement errors, accounting for the stakeholder’s constraints
Tautou, Rémi. "Modélisation dynamique de la thermo-viscoélasticité des matériaux bitumeux : Application aux essais FWD sur les structures des chaussées." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0031/document.
Full textThe diagnosis of the road fleet becomes a necessary step prior to themaintenance and the repair of pavement structures. The importance of a finer analysis of the results of the non-destructive testing methods can eventually achieve to cost and energy savings for the maintenance and construction. This phD thesis introduces a thermo-visco-elastic model for intersting the behavior ofbituminous pavement materials, using the complex modulus and damping from master curves. The resolution of the dynamic problem is performed thanks to a frequency approach. This approach is particularly applicable to a FWD test on which climatic variations are studied. In situ tests, carried out on two instrumented sites, are used to validate the model. The obtained of good results suggests the use of this model through a multi-criteria analysison deflection basins and of the records for the future development of a backcalculation dynamic model
Chenaf, Nawel. "Interaction inertielle et interaction cinématique sol - pieu." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2012.
Full textThe present work is first an experimental study of the inertial and the kinematic soil pile interaction of a single pile in a non-coherent soil through reduced scale model tests in the centrifuge. Then a numerical modelisation is built to compute the nonlinear dynamic response of the soil-pile system in the time domain. The experimental results make it possible to build a first generation of Winkler interface elements numerical models. Impacts experiments on a single pile with a pile cap provide an insight in the purely inertial interaction. Tests in the earthquake simulator embarked in the centrifuge give also experimental data about the purely kinematic interaction (without pile cap) and the combination of the two forms of interaction (with a pile cap). P-y loops (Soil reaction–Pile displacement) are established for the three different experimental conditions and reveal important differences. The numerical model is that of the 1D Winkler beam on nonlinear interface punctual elements. It implements the modified Newton algorithm and the Hilbert-Hugues-Taylor algorithm. The different interface elements based on physical parameters are chosen from the literature. They are fitted on the experimental data to reproduce the three forms of interactions. A separation of the inertial type interaction and the kinematic type has been experimentally observed for the first time in the present work
Martínez, Juan Luis. "Contribution au dimensionnement rationnel des structures de chaussées souples et inverses : comportement des graves non traitées et des sols support." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20271.
Full textTodkar, Shreedhar Savant. "Monitoring subsurface conditions of pavement structures using Ultra-wideband radar technology." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4060.
Full textIn the field of civil engineering, the detection and characterization of defects (debondings, non-emerging cracks) are important diagnostic elements that influence the maintenance and management of the pavement structure. These defects represent an altered state of the structure. The geometric characteristics of these defects (shape, width and length) as well as their extent and the water seepage induced by these defects are important durability indicators of the structures. This detection makes it possible to locate a possible pathology, to evaluate the state of health of the structure and also predict its evolution. In this context, "pulse radar" systems, also called Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) have been used for over thirty years to perform non- destructive testing operations in the traffic flow. They not only provide continuous measurement of the thickness of the pavement layer, but also allow the detection of significant (centimetric) inter-layer detachments, and thus determine the location of subsequent destructive structural controls. However, the temporal resolution of conventional GPRs does not allow direct detection of millimeteric interface debondings. Therefore, the objective of this work is to realize an early detection of such defects. My work is thus focused on both the use of ultra-wideband radar (SFR) and the development of artificial intelligence methods (based on supervised learning) to detect thin debondings. Theoretical and experimental approaches (Cerema test pavement slabs and IFSTTAR's fatigue carousel) were realized which have shown the feasibility of detecting fine debondings in pavements
Bricola, Julien. "Optimisation structurale de dalles de chaussées en béton jointées avec des goujons en matériaux composites en polymères renforcés de fibres de verre (PRFV)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6158.
Full textHamadouche, Mohand Ameziane. "Analyse dynamique des structures inélastiques par la théorie de l'adaptation." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10223.
Full textBruschini, Adrien. "Tonalités, motifs et structures d'intervalles dans les mélodies de Claude Debussy (1887-1893)." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2049/document.
Full textIn the late 1880's, Claude Debussy's musical language, influenced by Wagner, symbolism and Baudelaire's poetry, deeply transforms itself.The tonal system, still regarded as the unique horizon of expectations (Jauss) of European musical institutions, is pushed to the background in the composer's melodies by his characteristic associations with poetical themes like memories, humor, and reclusion.This thesis focuses on an analysis of these transformations and on a comparison of this new musical language with Ernest Chausson's Serres chaudes, which still shares the same poetic and musical influences
Cidreira, Keserle Gilberto. "Exposition environnementale des structures en conditions hivernales sur un réseau routier." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66591.
Full textModeling the impact of the various rehabilitation methods, as a function of the initiation time of the damage, is the major challenge in the field of structural durability. The durability of a structure is directly linked to the exposure conditions influenced by the climate and the environment where the structure is located. Depending on the degree of exposure, the rate of degradation of structures can then accelerate or be slow. This work develops an in-depth study on the exposure of structures in winter conditions, which includes the use of de-icing salts. A survey was carried out to find out the amount of salt used in Quebec and Canada. In addition, the three most used types of de-icing salt were evaluated to determine its speed of progression in concrete under severe winter conditions. A mobile weather station MexStUL, designed with several sensors of temporal measures, has been developed to monitor exposure conditions in two different experimental sites on severe winter conditions during 2018/19. It was then possible to predict the climatic (temperature, humidity, speed and wind direction, sunshine and precipitation) and environmental factors (traffic, road condition, salt concentration on road, splashes and salt laden mist) relating to the conditions of exposure of the structures. Models were proposed to predict exposure condition using a meteorological station and evaluation of spatial influence of de-icing salt on different types of exposure as well. A new sensor has been developed, measuring the concentration of salt laden mist under severe winter conditions. Results demonstrate an important spatial variability on stagnant water. A model about spatial influence of brine splashes is proposed to delimit this type of exposure. Airborne concentration during winter climate shows an important evolution and a concentration model is proposed and the volume of salt laden mist is also determined during winter.
Marc, Teodor paul. "Conception et réalisation de structures routières à hautes performances." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0214/document.
Full textThe doctoral thesis analyses certain factors of influence that, through large temperature variations, frequently have a negative impact upon road pavements, especially the bituminous layers, with a view to determine the thermal-physical properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat, diffusive thermal, thermal effusion and emissivity) and to design and realize asphalt layers with better thermo-physical, and physical and mechanical characteristics.Practically, the studies highlighted in the thesis focus mostly on determining the thermal characteristics of asphalt mixtures, characteristics which help to combat the influence factors resulting from environmental conditions to which road structures are subject continuously road in the construction and repair stages, as well as during their service life. Due to being aware of temperature distribution in each bituminous layer of the road structure, the stresses occurring from variations of temperature can be controlled. The daily and seasonal fluctuations of air temperature, the intensity of solar radiation, the materials that make up the road structure layers by their geometry and surface conditions are some of the most important factors that significantly endanger the stability of the road structure.Positive contributions have been made on improving the thermal characteristics through designing and realizing asphalt mixtures in the composition of which, in addition to basic materials, flying ash was used as partial or total replacement for filler. This helps to obtain higher thermo-physical properties that have a favorable effect on physical and mechanical characteristics.Based on experimental results, some interesting and in the same time extremely valuable conclusions have been formulated opening a range of opportunities for further research in the field of road infrastructures
Divry, Véronique. "Mécanismes de formation et relations structure/propriétés de films minces à matrice polymère issus de colloïdes aqueux à séchage rapide." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE001/document.
Full textAqueous paints are made of colloidal suspensions of polymer in water (latex) and additives (mainly pigments and fillers). Latex film formation consists of complex and interdependent phenomena. In case of specific applications, such as road marking, formulated latex must dry fast without excessive supply of energy. However, once dry, the film must be as less porous as possible, with good mechanical properties. The aim of this thesis was to identify the drying key parameters and to understand their influence on the rheology, the drying mechanisms of formulated latex and the mechanical properties of the dried films. The final goal was to have a better understanding of formulated latex drying in order to improve the formulations. After identification of the drying key parameters, latexes have been synthetized and formulated with specific additives. The influence of the following drying key parameters: nature of polymer, size and size distribution of particles, addition of coalescing aid, co-solvent, dispersing and thickening agent, pigments and cross linker, was studied regarding the formulation drying and the dried films mechanical properties. The drying studies focused on the global drying rate of the formulations, the particles deformation mechanisms and the horizontal and vertical drying mechanisms observed in latexes. The particles horizontal convection rate has been measured with multiple light scattering. Comparisons have been made with theoretical models. Dried films mechanical properties have been compared with dynamic mechanical analysis and tribology
Hammoum, Ferhat. "Apport du multi-échelle dans l'étude de la durabilité des matériaux de chaussées." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961957.
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