Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Structures galactiques'
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Puerari, Ivânio. "Etude des structures des disques galactiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11037.
Full textVeltz, Lionel. "Formation du disque de la Voie Lactée." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00222104.
Full textCodis-Decara, Sandrine. "De la cosmologie à la formation des galaxies : que nous apprennent les grandes structures de l'Univers ?" Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066343/document.
Full textThis thesis by publication is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the large-scale structure of the Universe and its role in the context of cosmology and galaxy formation. The birth and evolution of galaxies occur within the large cosmic highways drawn by the cosmic web and the natural question which arises is whether galaxies retain a memory of the large-scale cosmic flows from which they emerge. To address this key question, we will first show that in cosmological simulations, the spin of galaxies and the direction of their host filament are correlated in a mass-dependent way. This signal will be shown to be qualitatively understood in the context of hierarchical structure formation. An analytic model which explicitly takes into account the anisotropy of the cosmic web will complement this qualitative understanding by reproducing the measured correlations. Those ideas are important to understand the evolution of galaxy morphology but also to understand the intrinsic alignments of galaxies that contaminate cosmological probes like cosmic shear experiments. We will in particular measure this contamination directly from a state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulation. In a second part, we will address the question of how to efficiently use large-scale structure data to probe the cosmological model describing our Universe by measuring its topology and geometry and using perturbation theory in the weakly and even mildly non-linear regime. The major contribution of this work is to analytically study the effect of redshift space distortions and non-linear collapse of structures on the topology, geometry and statistics of the cosmic density field
Fourtune-Ravard, Chloé. "Etude des structures du disque mince Galactique." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2014. https://hal.science/tel-02095160.
Full textOur Galaxy is to be a barred spiral. Nevertheless, its detailed structure is still unknown and there is ongoing debate on the number and shape of its spiral arms and bar orientation. One of the main tools that has been developped to study our Galaxy is photometry which is the study of stellar light. However, this light is affected by the instellar medium through which it passes between the emission point and the observation point. This effect is called interstellar extinction, and how it affects the light depends on the properties of the environment through which it passes. That is why it is important to have detailed maps of interstellar extinction. Few 3D (position - non cumulative values) extinction maps exist today, and most of them rely on Galactic stellar population models. The goal of my PhD research was to establish new techniques to map the extinction in 3D, independantly of any model. Initialy, I developed an algorithm to find the interstellar extinction in a line of sight, by taking advantage of the properties of Red Clump Stars. I used stars taken from near-infrared observations. In the presence of extinction, Red Clump stars form a tail in colour-magnitude diagrams. If one can detect the position of the tail, one can deduce the distance-extinction relation for this field. By generalising this process to all our data, we build up a 3D map of the insterstellar extinction in the first quadrant. Because of the limitation of the above method, I subsequently used Bayesien deconvolution to develop a method to determine interstellar extinction. The principal benefit of this method is that it is versatile enough that one can also recover the stellar density
Robitaille, Jean-François. "Analyse métrique de structures HI dans le plan galactique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25570/25570.pdf.
Full textCadiou, Corentin. "L’impact des grandes structures de l’Univers sur la formation des halos de matière noire et des galaxies How does the cosmic web impact assembly bias? Accurate tracer particles of baryon dynamics in the adaptive mesh refinement code Ramses Galaxy evolution in the metric of the cosmic web Galaxies flowing in the oriented saddle frame of the cosmic web." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS508.
Full textThe anisotropic large-scale distribution of matter is made of an extended network of voids delimited by sheets, with filaments at their intersection which together form the cosmic web. Matter that will later form dark matter halos and their galaxies flows towards compact nodes at filaments' intersections and in the process, retains the imprint of the cosmic web. In this thesis, I develop a conditional version of the excursion set theory which, using a model of a large-scale filament, enables me to show that anisotropic environment have an impact on the formation history of dark matter halos. The cosmic web then has a role in the formation of halos and their galaxies. I then build a model that is able to capture the evolution of the cosmic web (halo mergers, but also filament and wall mergers) that can be used to better constrain galaxy formation models. The model predicts that an excess of anisotropic accretion is expected in filaments compared to nodes, so that the formation history of galaxies is biased. The effect of anisotropic accretion on galaxy formation is then studied using hydrodynamical simulations and a novel numerical method tailored to accurately follow the accretion history of the gas. I show that the angular momentum is transported efficiently from the cosmic web down to the inner halo, where gravitational torques redistribute it to the disk and the inner halo
Côté, Benoit. "Modèle de vents galactiques destiné aux simulations cosmologiques à grande échelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22281.
Full textMartin, Nicolas Ibata Rodrigo. "A la recherche de structures stellaires du disque galactique au halo de la galaxie d'Andromède." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/575/01/PhD_martin.pdf.
Full textMartin, Nicolas. "A la recherche de structures stellaires du disque galactique au halo de la galaxie d'Andromède." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MARTIN_Nicolas_2006.pdf.
Full textLaymand, Marion. "Astérosismologie des étoiles de type solaire : test de composition chimique et de structure interne." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/833/.
Full textOscillations are observed in many solar type stars. Asterosismology is the only one way to probe the internal structure of stars. In this PhD, we are interested in the star iota Hor. Like most of exoplanet host-stars, iota Hor is metal-rich. This star belongs to the Hyades stream: it has the same kinematical characteristics as the cluster's stars. The first part introduce the theory of stellar oscillations and their equations. In the second part, the behavior of convective cores and their impact on the oscillations frequencies are studied. The third part presents the study of iota Hor. In first time, models of iota Hor and their frequencies are computed from spectroscopic observations of three different groups of observers. In a second time, the observations with the HARPS spectrograph are discribed. Finally, we search the best model which fit these observations. We show that iota Hor was formed with the Hyades clusters. Its overmetallicity comes from the primordial cloud of the Hyades and linked clusters, and not from accretion of metal-rich material
Derriere, Sebastien. "Gestion de grands catalogues et application de releves infrarouges a l'etude de la structure galactique." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004024.
Full textDerriere, Sébastien. "Gestion de grands catalogues et application de relevés infrarouges à l'étude de la structure galactique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13112.
Full textIffrig, Olivier. "Influence de la rétroaction des étoiles sur la structure du milieu interstellaire à l'échelle galactique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS225/document.
Full textStar formation, a fundamental process in astrophysics, remains only partially understood. Several processes are known to interact during all the steps over a large range of scales. It is therefore of highest importance to understand the dynamics of the interstellar medium, in which stars form. In particular, it is now well-known that the structure of the interstellar medium is strongly affected by feedback processes emanating from the stars that form in it. On the one hand this feedback limits the rate of formation of new stars, and on the other hand it is one of the main contributors to the shape and dynamics of galaxies: thickness of the disk, matter outflows, etc. This work aims to study numerically the dynamics of the interstellar medium, in order to highlight the impact of stellar feedback processes. The main process that will be studied is supernovae, being among the most energetic events in the interstellar medium. After the study and detailed modeling of the explosion of a single supernova inside a molecular cloud, a numerical model including star formation and supernova feedback will be presented and used in kiloparsec-scale simulations of a stratified galactic disk. An extension of this model will be suggested in order to take into account the ionizing radiation. It is indeed possible to regulate star formation with supernova feedback models, although the precise results strongly depend on the detailed scheme that is implemented. Using the most realistic-looking variant, high-resolution simulations are presented and studied. In particular, it is possible to extract properties of compressible and magnetized turbulence at the galactic scale: variation of the power spectra as a function of altitude, spontaneous alignment between velocity and magnetic field, antagonistic effect of stellar feedback onto this alignment, and structure formation
OJHA, DEVENDRA. "Etude de la structure galactique et des populations stellaires. Cinematique des populations stellaires de la galaxie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13204.
Full textCseresnjes, Patrick. "Etoiles variables et microlentilles gravitationnelles : deux outils d'étude de la galaxie naine du Sagittaire et du Centre Galactique." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066411.
Full textHamadache, Clarisse. "Recherche d'effets de microlentille gravitationnelle vers le centre galactique avec les données d'EROS-II." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008874.
Full textFerreira, Jonathan. "Structures magnétiques d'accrétion-éjection." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725026.
Full textCochet, Some Claire. "Numerical characterization of boson stars and Kerr Black holes." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC094.
Full textThe Galactic Center is an interesting place to test possible effects of strong gravity regime. Whereas it is generally believed that the compact object located at the Galactic Center, named Sgr A*, is a rotating black hole, some alternative models can also explain the current observations. This work is centered on one of these other objects, which is the Boson Star. Rotating boson stars are numerical solutions of the coupled Einstein-Klein-Gordon system, so these equations are written within the 3+1 formalism and then a numerical code capable of solving them with the Kadath library has been developed. Several kinds of boson stars with different potentials are presented : free fields an self-interacting fields, with quartic and sextic potentials, and different values of the rotational quantum number. Then two different ways of comparing this spacetime to Kerr's are presented. One way was to compute timelike geodesics in this geometry and study them. For that the ray-tracing code Gyoto is used to integrate numerically the geodesic equations for several types of boson stars. A peculiar type of orbits has been identifyed: the zero-angular-momentum ones which is called pointy-petal orbits thanks to their shape. These orbits pass very close to the center and are qualitatively different from orbits around a Kerr black hole. Another way to compare Kerr to any stationary and asymptotically flat metric given in its 3+1 form was to us a the characterization of the Kerr spacetime given by the Simon-Mars tensor. This tensor has the property of being identically zero for a vacuum and asymptotically flat spacetime if and only if the latter is locally isometric to the Kerr spacetime. The idea was to build a scalar with this tensor, and a scalar which is an invariant quality factor. Then, write it in 3+1 form to be able to compute it with numerical codes such as Kadath. Computing this scalar provides a simple way of comparing locally a generic (even non vacuum and non analytic) stationary spacetime to Kerr, therefore measure its 'non-Kerness". As an illustration, this invariant quality factor is evaluated for numerical solutions of the Einstein equations generated by boson stars and neutron stars, and for analytic solutions of the Einstein equations such as Curzon Chazy spacetime
Marshall, Douglas. "ÉTUDE DE L'EXTINCTION INTERSTELLAIRE EN TROIS DIMENSIONS :Contraintes sur la structure de la Voie Lactée." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199346.
Full textVargas-Magaña, Mariana. "Analyse des structures à grande échelle avec SDSS-III/BOSS." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726113.
Full textFaure, Carole. "Simulations des effets des bras spiraux sur la dynamique stellaire dans la Voie Lactée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE030/document.
Full textIn an equilibrium axisymmetric galactic disc, the mean galactocentric radial and vertical velocities are expected to be zero everywhere. Recent spectroscopic surveys have however shown that stars of the Milky Way disc exhibit non-zero mean velocities outside of the Galactic plane in both the radial and vertical velocity components. While radial velocity structures have already often been assumed to be linked with non-axisymmetric components of the potential, non-zero vertical velocity structures are usually rather attributed to excitations by external sources. We show that the stellar response to a spiral perturbation induces both a radial velocity flow and non-zero vertical motions. The resulting structure of the mean velocity field is qualitatively similar to the observations. Such a pattern also emerges from an analytic toy model based on linearized Euler equations. In conclusion, non-axisymmetric internal perturbations can also be the source of the observed mean velocity patterns
Carnec, Xavier. "Relations structure fonction et inhibitions des co-recepteurs CCR5 et CXCR4 dans l'entrée du VIH-1." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077083.
Full textEntry of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) into target cells is mediated by consecutive interactions of envelope glycoprotein gp120 vith CD4 and a coreceptor. In vivo, only CCR5 and CXCR4 are biologically relevant. CCR5 using strains is associated with transmission and during the early stage of disease whereas emergence of CXCR4 using strains matches with late-stage of. The. Disease. In order to further elucidate the determinants of CXCR4/gpl20 interactions, we used a panel of independent anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibodies. Our results indicate that gp120 interacts mostly with CXCR4 ECL2, and less or not at all with the amino terminal domain, gp120 may recognize a broad range of CXCR4 sub-populations. Isolate specific interactions of different HIV-1 strains with CXCR4 may depend on recognition of different residues within CXCR4 ECL2. Inhibition of CCR5 dependant entry was investigated through the use of two classes of CCR5 antagonists. Small molecules inhibitors (namly SCH-C and TAK779) seem to inhibit binding of gp120's V3 loop to CCR5 ECL-2 in a isolat dependant manner, in contrast to anti-CCRS Mab PA14. Which inhibit a later stage of the entry mechanism. Synergistic inhibition was observed when the two classes of inhibitors were assayed together for_entry inhibition, revealing different mechanisms of action, Our results highlight the role of CXCR4 and CCR5 ECL-2 along the course of HIV-1 entry into target cells. Targetting this immuno-dominant epitope of both biologically relevant HIV-1 entry coreceptor will provide a new insight for efficiently controlling HIV-1 infection
Casoli, Fabienne. "Nuages moléculaires, formation d'étoiles et structure spirale." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077099.
Full textBeuret, Maxime. "Formation stellaire dans la galaxie et interaction avec le milieu interstellaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE017/document.
Full textHow stars form? This broad question uses knowledges in several areas, including two majors, the Star Formation and the Interstellar Medium. My thesis is a part of this overall framework. Our galaxy is a laboratory complex for the study of this formation. I became interested in the first stages of the star formations, from Molecular Clouds to protostars. I mainly used data from the Herschel telescope which provides us with images and data in the far infrared and sub-millimiter at an unparalleled resolution. First of all, I built a catalogue of young clumps using SPECFIND, an algorithm of cross-identification. Then I applied an algorithm of clustering, MST, over 100 000 young clumps to find over-densities in order to release the first catalogue of young stellar clusters in a galactic scale. Finally, I studied the physical properties of these clusters and their young clumps
Jacq, Thierry. "Le survey radiomillimetrique de l'observatoire de bordeaux : le gaz moleculaire interstellaire dans le plan galactique entre l=38 et l=67.5, structure spirale, nuages moleculaires, comparaison entre hi et **(13)co. ch dans le nuage sombre lynds 134." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066440.
Full textJacq, Thierry. "Le Survey radiomillimétrique de l'observatoire de Bordeaux le gaz moléculaire interstellaire dans le plan galactique entre l=38 °et l=67.5 °, structure spirale, nuages moléculaires, comparaison entre HI et ¹³CO. CH dans le nuage sombre L 134 /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376061421.
Full textLanger, Mathieu. "Juste une goutte de MARC -- Magnétisme, Accélération et Réionisation Cosmiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011989.
Full textPrieur, Jean-Louis. "Etude de galaxies à coquilles." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915278.
Full textRahal, Youcef Rabah. "Recherche de microlentilles gravitationnelles vers les bras spiraux de la Galaxie et spectroscopie de supernovae dans EROS II." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004301.
Full textDans la seconde partie, nous présentons l'analyse des données spectroscopiques, collectées durant une campagne internationale de recherche de supernovae Ia menée au printemps 1999, à laquelle EROS II a participé. Une vingtaine de supernovae Ia ont été découvertes puis suivies pendant cette campagne. Nous avons réduit les données spectroscopiques les concernant, qui consistent en une centaine de spectres au total. Nous avons developpé pour celà un programme original permettant de séparer le flux de la supernovae de celui de sa galaxie hôte. Nous avons ensuite procédé à une étude de stan dardisations sur un lot regroupant des objets de la campagne 1999 et des objets découverts antérieuement. L'étude sur ces 17 supernovae Ia a permis de confirmer l'interêt des spectres pour la standardis ation. Elle montre en particulier que la standardisation à partir de spectres est aussi efficace que celle basée sur le taux de décroissance des courbes de lumière.
Le, Coarer Etienne. "Application de l'interféromètre de Perot-Fabry à l'étude à grand champ de la galaxie et du Petit Nuage de Magellan. Développement d'un nouvel instrument : Pytheas." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725457.
Full textLanoux, Joseph. "Analyse statistique de l'impact de la poussière et de l'émission radio des amas de galaxies." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720536.
Full textBouillot, Vincent. "Empreintes de l'Énergie Noire sur la structuration de l'Univers." Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783033.
Full textBrière, Élaine. "Étude des régions HII dans la galaxie spirale barrée NGC5430." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26862/26862.pdf.
Full textDelfosse, Xavier. "Naines brunes et étoiles de très faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686419.
Full textDelmotte, Nausicaa. "Identifications croisées multi-longueurs d'ondes : Application aux populations stellaires des nuages de Magellan et aux étoiles jeunes de notre galaxie." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004238.
Full text"Analyse métrique de structures HI dans le plan galactique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25570/25570.pdf.
Full textLesgourgues, Julien. "Quinze années de recherche sur la Cosmologie des Neutrinos." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068758.
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