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Journal articles on the topic 'Strut and tie analogy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Fillo, Ľudovít, and Jaroslav Halvonik. "Effect of Struts and Stirrups Inclinations on Shear Resistance." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.151.

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The subject of the article is the analysis of the design of concrete members for shear from the point of view of theory and code regulations. These give formulae for verification of shear resistance and recommended limits of individual parameters, respectively. The authors explain the relevant formulae using a Strut and Tie analogy, especially the effect of the inclination of struts and the inclination of stirrups on the shear capacity of beams as well as the effect of a single concentrated force acting at distance up to 2d from the edge of support.

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2

Gu, Qian, Cheng Fang Sun, and Shao Min Peng. "Experimental Study on Deep Four-Pile Caps with Different Reinforcement Layouts Based on 3D Strut-and-Tie Analogy." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.917.

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Based on 3D strut-and-tie analogy developed for analyzing the load-transferring mechanism of deep pile cap, this paper focuses on the effect of different longitudinal reinforcement layouts at the lower part of cap on the mechanical behaviors of deep four-pile cap. Besides a common layout of uniformly distributed reinforcement by the flexural theory, three different layouts of concentrated reinforcement over piles were designed by 3D strut-and-tie analogy. All specimens were limited in same reinforcement percentages, dimensions, materials and test procedures. Four specimens with the scale ratio

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3

Amick, C. J., and J. F. Toland. "Homoclinic orbits in the dynamic phase-space analogy of an elastic strut." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 3, no. 2 (1992): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792500000735.

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The equationis a possible dimensionless version of a model for the configuration of a very long strut resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation with axial loading P. By seeking to establish the existence of homoclinic orbits connecting the zero equilibrium of (*), now regarded as defining a four dimensional dynamical system, to itself one is pursuing the so-called ‘dynamical phase-space analogy’ for the spatial configuration suggested by the form of the equation. The existence of homoclinic solutions is then interpreted as indicating the presence of spatially localized buckling of the deformed

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4

Tran, Cao Thanh Ngoc, and Bing Li. "Shear Strength Model for Reinforced Concrete Columns with Low Transverse Reinforcement Ratios." Advances in Structural Engineering 17, no. 10 (2014): 1373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.10.1373.

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This paper introduces an equation developed based on the strut-and-tie analogy to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete columns with low transverse reinforcement ratios. The validity and applicability of the proposed equation are evaluated by comparison with available experimental data. The proposed equation includes the contributions from concrete and transverse reinforcement through the truss action, and axial load through the strut action. A reinforced concrete column with a low transverse reinforcement ratio, commonly found in existing structures in Singapore and other parts of

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5

Barros, R., and J. S. Giongo. "Shear force and torsion in reinforced concrete beam elements: theoretical analysis based on Brazilian Standard Code ABNT NBR 6118:2007." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 5, no. 5 (2012): 576–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952012000500002.

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Reinforced concrete beam elements are submitted to applicable loads along their life cycle that cause shear and torsion. These elements may be subject to only shear, pure torsion or both, torsion and shear combined. The Brazilian Standard Code ABNT NBR 6118:2007 [1] fixes conditions to calculate the transverse reinforcement area in beam reinforced concrete elements, using two design models, based on the strut and tie analogy model, first studied by Mörsch [2]. The strut angle θ (theta) can be considered constant and equal to 45º (Model I), or varying between 30º and 45º (Model II). In the case

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6

Hunt, G. W., M. K. Wadee, and N. Shiacolas. "Localized Elasticae for the Strut on the Linear Foundation." Journal of Applied Mechanics 60, no. 4 (1993): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900971.

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Localized solutions, for the classical problem of the nonlinear strut (elastica) on the linear elastic foundation, are predicted from double-scale analysis, and confirmed from nonlinear volume-preserving Runge-Kutta runs. The dynamical phase-space analogy introduces a spatial Lagrangian function, valid over the initial post-buckling range, with kinetic and potential energy components. The indefinite quadratic form of the spatial kinetic energy admits unbounded solutions, corresponding to escape from a potential well. Numerical experimentation demonstrates that there is a fractal edge to the es

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7

Bobnar, Jaka, Katarina Susman, V. Adrian Parsegian, Peter R. Rand, Mojca Čepič, and Rudolf Podgornik. "Euler strut: a mechanical analogy for dynamics in the vicinity of a critical point." European Journal of Physics 32, no. 4 (2011): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/32/4/014.

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8

Hunt, Giles W., Antoinette Tordesillas, Steven C. Green, and Jingyu Shi. "Force-chain buckling in granular media: a structural mechanics perspective." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1910 (2010): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0180.

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Parallels are drawn between the response of a discrete strut on a linear elastic foundation and force-chain buckling in a constrained granular medium. Both systems buckle initially into periodic shapes, with wavelengths that depend on relative resistances to lateral displacement, and curvature in the buckled shape. Under increasing end shortening, the classical structural model evolves to a localized form extending over a finite number of contributing links. By analogy, it is conjectured that the granular model of force-chain buckling might follow much the same evolutionary route into a shear

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9

Thompson, J. M. T., and G. H. M. van der Heijden. "Quantified "Shock-Sensitivity" Above the Maxwell Load." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, no. 03 (2014): 1430009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414300092.

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Using the static-dynamic analogy, work at Bath and Bristol has uncovered the vital organizing role of the Maxwell "energy criterion" load in the advanced post-buckling of long-thin structures which exhibit severe shell-like imperfection sensitivity. It has become clear that above the Maxwell load, PM, there are localized solutions offering an order-of-magnitude increase in sensitivity to lateral side-loads, whether static or dynamic. We propose to call this "shock-sensitivity", and notice that so far only the seminal paper by Horak et al. in 2006 has quantified this in terms of an E(P) energy-

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10

Yun, Young Mook, and Hyun Soo Chae. "An optimum indeterminate strut-and-tie model for reinforced concrete corbels." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 12 (2019): 2557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219845689.

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The failure behavior of a reinforced concrete corbel is complicated due to the shear span-to-effective depth ratio, reinforcement patterns, load conditions, and material properties. In this study, an optimum first-order indeterminate strut-and-tie model that reflects all characteristics of the failure behavior is proposed for the rational design of reinforced concrete corbels with a shear span-to-effective depth ratio of less than 1.0. A load distribution ratio that transforms the indeterminate strut-and-tie model into a determinate model is also developed to help structural designers design r

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11

Hou, Liqun, Weiming Yan, Shicai Chen, Ruiyun Zhang, and Yue Qi. "Shear Strength Prediction of RC Beam-column Sandwich Interior Joints Based on Simplified Softened Strut-and-Tie." Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010933.

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Introduction: The sandwich joints casted core area with weaker strength concrete of beam, has more advantages than the traditional joints casted core area with higher strength concrete of column, such as the simple construction and quality assurance, while China design codes are too simple about the sandwich joints and have no clear calculation methods. Methods: Due to the scarcity of rational models for predicting the strength of RC beam-column sandwich joints, a modified simplified softened strut-and-tie model suggests a more rational calculation method for the effective compressive strength

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12

To, N. H. T., J. M. Ingham, and S. Sritharan. "Strut-and-tie computer modelling of reinforced concrete bridge portal frames." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 35, no. 3 (2002): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.35.3.165-189.

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Nonlinear inelastic force-displacement response envelopes of full-scale reinforced concrete bridge portal frames are predicted in this paper by representing the frame using strut-and-tie models. The nonlinear strut-and-tie analyses, which included the tension stiffening effect, were performed using the computer program Drain-2DX. Strut-and-tie analytical results were found to correlate satisfactorily with the experimental data and to provide superior prediction to that generated using conventional planar frame models.

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13

Tuchscherer, Robin G., David B. Birrcher, and Oguzhan Bayrak. "Strut-and-tie model design provisions." PCI Journal 56, no. 1 (2011): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012011.155.170.

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14

Sedayu, Maulana Agung, Djoko Sulistyo, and Akhmad Aminullah. "EKSPERIMEN PADA STRUKTUR PILE CAP TIGA TIANG DENGAN METODE STRUT AND TIE MODEL." INERSIA: lNformasi dan Ekspose hasil Riset teknik SIpil dan Arsitektur 15, no. 2 (2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v15i2.28619.

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ABSTRACTIn general, the design of the pile cap structure still uses conventional method assuming all regions experience linear strain. However, in reality the strain distribution in the cross section of the structure is not always linear so that a rational analysis method is needed with the assumption that is close to the actual condition using the strut and tie model method. This study aims to determine the behavior of crack pattern in the pile cap designed using the strut and tie model method (SNI 2847:2013 Appendix A) compared to conventional methods (SNI 2847:2013 Article 15). The specimen

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15

Wang, Yan, Lian Zhai, and Li Mei Chen. "Stress Analysis of Local Compression on the Center of Plain Concrete Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3736.

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In this paper, studied on the local compression on the center of plain concrete square column, by using finite element analysis found its stress distribution is approximate to strut and tie models and established strut and tie models of concrete subjected to local compression.

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16

Almeida, V. S., H. L. Simonetti, and L. Oliveira Neto. "The strut-and-tie models in reinforced concrete structures analysed by a numerical technique." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 6, no. 1 (2013): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952013000100008.

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The strut-and-tie models are appropriate to design and to detail certain types of structural elements in reinforced concrete and in regions of stress concentrations, called "D" regions. This is a good model representation of the structural behavior and mechanism. The numerical techniques presented herein are used to identify stress regions which represent the strut-and-tie elements and to quantify their respective efforts. Elastic linear plane problems are analyzed using strut-and-tie models by coupling the classical evolutionary structural optimization, ESO, and a new variant called SESO - Sm

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17

Alshegeir, Abdulsalam, and Julio Ramirez. "Computer Graphics in Detailing Strut‐Tie Models." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 6, no. 2 (1992): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(1992)6:2(220).

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18

Bhanu, Kannan C., N. Ganesan, and P. V. Indira. "A Review on Strut and Tie Methods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 936 (October 10, 2020): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/936/1/012051.

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19

Abdul-Razzaq, Khattab Saleem, and Asala Asaad Dawood. "Corbel strut and tie modeling – Experimental verification." Structures 26 (August 2020): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.04.021.

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20

Yang, Chun, Ming Ji He, Jian Cai, Yan Sheng Huang, and Yi Wu. "Study on Mechanical Behaviors and Calculation of Shear Strength of Steel Truss Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.514.

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Based on strut-and-tie model (STM) in deep beams, steel truss reinforced concrete (STRC) deep beam was developed. Experimental investigations of mechanical performances of STRC deep beams were carried out, and results show that STRC deep beam is of high ultimate bearing capacity, large rigidity and good ductility; Strut-and-tie force transference model is formed in STRC deep beams, and loads can be transferred in the shortest and direct way. Then Steel reinforced concrete (SRC) strut-and-tie model (SSTM) for determining the shear strength of STRC deep beams is proposed. The contribution of SRC

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21

Hang, Gang, and Jin Fu Wu. "Research on Influence of Fatigue Life from Variable Cross-Section Strut-and-Tie Transition Zone Radian." Advanced Materials Research 145 (October 2010): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.321.

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There is so much influence to the fatigue life of the whole structural component from cross-section transition zone radian, and more than 100 times difference is made by different structural details for fatigue life [1]. According to structure and features of variable cross-section strut-and-tie,combing with its’ geometric properties and applied stress ways, at the basis of nominal stress method, the fatigue life of variable cross-section strut-and-tie is analyzed in the paper. Then, transitional zone is improved and fatigue life is analyzed. At last, the improved is compared with previous str

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22

SANTOS, D. M., M. L. CARVALHO, and F. R. STUCCHI. "Design of deep pile caps by strut-and-tie models." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 12, no. 4 (2019): 832–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952019000400007.

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Abstract There are many methods for designing pile caps, but there is still no consensus on which one provides the best approach for the practical engineers. In Brazil, many structural designers use the classical Blévot method; however, the applicability of the method has been questioned after the revision of the NBR 6118 standard for design of concrete structures in 2014. To support structural designers, a strut-and-tie model has recently been developed that relates the classical method to the most current concepts of strut-and-tie models. The theoretical bearing capacity of four-pile cap obt

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23

Somraj, Amornthep, Kazunori Fujikake, and Bing Li. "Study on Dynamic Shear Resistance of RC Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 566 (June 2014): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.566.211.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic shear failure behavior of RC beams under rapid loading through an experimental study and also to set up a strut-and-tie model with loading rate effect to predict the dynamic shear resistance of RC beams. Thus, rapid loading test with 24 RC beams with a shear span-to-deep ratio of 1.9 was performed, in which shear reinforcement ratio and loading rate were variable. All of the RC beams exhibited shear compression failure. Although the shear resistance increases with increasing loading rate, the influence of loading rate on the shear resistance

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24

Marzouk, H., E. Rizk, and R. Tiller. "Design of shear reinforcement for thick plates using a strut-and-tie model." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 2 (2010): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-120.

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The strut-and-tie method is a rational approach to structural concrete design that results in a uniform and consistent design philosophy. A strut-and-tie model has been developed to model the punching-shear behaviour of thick concrete plates. This model provides a quick and simple approach to check the punching-shear behaviour. Thick concrete slabs (250–500 mm) without shear reinforcement can exhibit brittle shear failure under a central force and an unbalanced moment. Shear reinforcement has proven to be very effective in preventing such failures. The developed strut-and-tie model has also be

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25

Putri, Mutmainnah Rahman, Djoko Sulistyo, and Andreas Triwiyono. "Reinforced Concrete Corbel’s Behavior using Strut and Tie Model." Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum 4, no. 2 (2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcef.28221.

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Reinforced concrete (RC) corbel is one of a disturbed region of elements of the structure. SNI 2847: 2013 as a guideline from Ministry of Public Works provides the design of RC corbels by the conventional method and with Strut and Tie Model (STM). The aim of this study is to determine and compare the behaviors of corbels experimentally that designed with both methods. The testing was conducted on two series of specimens and each series consisted of two specimens. Group 1 was designed using conventional method while group 2 designed using Strut and Tie Model. The axial column was tested under 5

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26

Starčev-Ćurčin, Anka, Andrija Rašeta, Mirjana Malešev, et al. "Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-And-Tie Method." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (2020): 6217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186217.

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The aim of the research presented in this paper is the experimental confirmation of the numerically defined shapes of the Strut-and-Tie models, designed according to the EN 1992-1-1 recommendations, and obtained from the software “ST method”. Three reinforced concrete deep beams with openings were tested. Each of them had the same dimensions and quality of the material characteristics. The specimens, constructed as simply supported beams, were loaded with two concentrated forces and were tested for bending until failure. Each specimen was reinforced with different reinforcement layout determin

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27

Park, Hong-Gun, Yun-Gon Kim, and Tae-Sung Eom. "Direct Inelastic Strut-Tie Model Using Secant Stiffness." Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute 17, no. 2 (2005): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2005.17.2.201.

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28

El-Ariss, B. "Strut–tie analysis of beams with external tendons." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 160, no. 1 (2007): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2007.160.1.31.

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29

Yun, Young Mook. "Computer Graphics for Nonlinear Strut-Tie Model Approach." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 14, no. 2 (2000): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2000)14:2(127).

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30

Su, R. K. L., and A. M. Chandler. "Design criteria for unified strut and tie models." Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 3, no. 3 (2001): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pse.88.

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31

Won, Dae-Yon. "Design of Rigid Joints Using Strut-Tie Model." Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection 18, no. 1 (2014): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2014.18.1.031.

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32

Nazila, Kamila Shaomi, Yulita Arni Priastiwi, and Sukamta Sukamta. "STRUT AND TIE MODEL STRUKTUR BALOK TINGGI BERLUBANG." TERAS JURNAL 11, no. 1 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v11i1.362.

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33

Ji, Lei, and Xin Sheng Yin. "Strut- and- Tie Model Method for Partial Compression about Prestressed Tendon Constraint Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1004.

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Prestressed tendon constraint partial compression concrete is a new approach to solve the phenomenon of insufficient bearing capacity in partial compression concrete members .The keystone of Strut-and-tie theory is presented.The development of strut-and-tie model is in-depth analyzed based on the description of the stress distribution in the members , the author considers that this theory can yet be regard as an ideal calculation method in partial compression members which is constrained by prestressed tendon or steel mesh.

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34

Zargarian, Mahsa, and Alireza Rahai. "Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Two-Span Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams and Comparisons with Strut-and-Tie Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 8, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8880067.

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Regarding the complicated behavior of continuous deep beams, a research program including three parts was conducted. First part: three continuous concrete deep beams with different shear span-to-depth ratios (a/h) were tested. The effects of varying a/h ratio on ultimate strength and failure modes were investigated. Second part: the nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses were performed to simulate the experimental specimens and 21 large-scale continuous deep beams. The main parameters investigated were a/h ratio from 0.33 to 2 and f c ′ considered 40 MPa, 60 MPa, and 80 MPa. Third part: the st

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35

Drobiec, Łukasz, Wojciech Mazur, and Tomasz Rybarczyk. "Analysis of confined masonry with Strut and Tie models." MATEC Web of Conferences 323 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032302002.

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Strut & Tie (S-T) models are used quite commonly for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures and in the calculation of masonry structures. Creating the S-T model of the confined masonry is slightly different from models of reinforced concrete or models of classic masonry structures. These models should take into account different stiffness of concrete and masonry. This article proposes a Strut & Tie model for the analysis of confined masonry. The results of calculations were compared with the results of tests of full scale masonry walls with and without opening. Good compliance

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36

Gong, Hao Jun, and Min Su. "The Preliminary Calculation Process of Strut-and-Tie Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.325.

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By briefly introducing the main steps of using strut-and-tie (STM) , this paper showing the preliminary calculation process. In this paper, defining D-region is the very first step in design.Then paper gives the method to calculate the reinforcement needed to meet required tie capacities. In addition, checking the room for struts is also an important step in the calculation. Since it can examine the correctness of the STM designed by engineer.

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37

Pranata, Yosafat Aji, and Bambang Suryoatmono. "Pemodelan Numerik Perilaku Keruntuhan Balok Tinggi Beton Bertulang." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 6, no. 1 (2019): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v6i1.1326.

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Metode strut-and-tie model merupakan metode perencanaan struktur yang didasarkan padapemahaman tentang adanya daerah D dan daerah B pada struktur beton bertulang. Untuk itu, metodestrut-and-tie model dirintis oleh penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Schlaich [Schlaich et al., 1987] diUni-Stuttgart, Jerman. Selanjutnya berkembang pesat [Adebar et al., 1990; Jirsa et al., 1991; Reineck,1996, 1999, 2002; ACI 318R, 2002, 2005, 2008]. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari metodestrut-and-tie model untuk perencanaan balok tinggi beton bertulang, mempelajari simulasi numerikmodel benda uji dengan mengg

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38

Wang, Ji Yang, Yi Lin Sun, and Masanobu Sakashita. "Direct Strut-and-Tie Model for Ultimate Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.89.

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A direct strut-and-tie model to calculate the ultimate shear strength of structural walls based on an interactive mechanical model (C.Y.Tang et al.) is presented. Two common failure modes, namely, diagonal splitting and concrete crushing, are examined in this paper. Ultimate shear strengths of structural walls are governed by both the transverse tensile stresses perpendicular to the diagonal strut, and the compressive stresses in the diagonal strut. Such proposed model is verified aganist three experimental case studies of structural walls. Generally, predictions by the proposed model are not

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39

To, Nicholas H. T., Sri Sritharan, and Jason M. Ingham. "Strut-and-Tie Nonlinear Cyclic Analysis of Concrete Frames." Journal of Structural Engineering 135, no. 10 (2009): 1259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2009)135:10(1259).

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40

Schlaich, Michael, and Georg Anagnostou. "Stress Fields for Nodes of Strut‐and‐Tie Models." Journal of Structural Engineering 116, no. 1 (1990): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1990)116:1(13).

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41

Chae, Hyun Soo, and Young Mook Yun. "An Indeterminate Strut-Tie Model for Prestressed Concrete Beams." Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers 35, no. 4 (2015): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2015.35.4.0801.

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42

Starcev-Curcin, Anka, Andrija Raseta, and Zoran Brujic. "Automatic generation of planar RC Strut-and-Tie models." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1301001s.

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This paper presents a proposal for determining Strut-and-Tie models of reinforced concrete plane elements. For the purposes of analysis, a computer program was developed and a discrete topological optimization was applied, using a truss member for the design of the stress-strain state of the real member. The method can be used for the analysis of a part or a whole member and it is particularly suitable for the usage in the places of sudden changes of static and/or geometric characteristics of members. The general principle of the method is that compressed members replace concrete parts of the

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43

Yun, Young Mook, and Julio A. Ramirez. "Strength of Struts and Nodes in Strut-Tie Model." Journal of Structural Engineering 122, no. 1 (1996): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1996)122:1(20).

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44

Tan, K. H., K. Tong, and C. Y. Tang. "Direct Strut-and-Tie Model for Prestressed Deep Beams." Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 9 (2001): 1076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:9(1076).

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Cai, Chun S. "Three-Dimensional Strut-and-Tie Analysis for Footing Rehabilitation." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 7, no. 1 (2002): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0680(2002)7:1(14).

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Starčev-Ćurčin, Anka, Andrija Rašeta, Đorđe Lađinović, Danijel Kukaras, and Igor Džolev. "ANALIZA PONAŠANJA AB ZIDA DIMENZIONISANOG STRUT-AND-TIE METODOM." Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta 33, no. 30 (2017): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14415/konferencijagfs2017.031.

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Ismail, Kamaran S., Maurizio Guadagnini, and Kypros Pilakoutas. "Strut-and-Tie Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams." Journal of Structural Engineering 144, no. 2 (2018): 04017216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001974.

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Tasenhod, Piyoros, and Jaruek Teerawong. "Shear Strength Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Using Strut-and-Tie Model." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.468.

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Abstract:

Shear strength prediction of simple deep reinforced concrete beams by method of strut-and-tie model is presented in this paper. The tested specimens were designed according to Appendix A of ACI 318-11 code with variations of shear span-to-effective depth ratios and ratios of horizontal and vertical crack-controlling reinforcement. Test results revealed that at the same shear span-to-effective depth ratio, the various crack-controlling reinforcements significantly influenced on strength reduction coefficients of strut and failure modes. When the shear span-to-effective depth ratios were increas

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Tampubolon, Sudarno. "Analisis Kekuatan Geser Pada Hubungan Balok-Kolom Interior Beton Bertulang." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BUILDING AND TRANSPORTATION 5, no. 1 (2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jcebt.v5i1.3731.

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Abstract:

Pertemuan antara balok-kolom pada beton bertulang merupakan bagian dari struktur yang sangat kritis bila terjadi gempa bumi. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena balok-kolom menerima gaya geser yang besar dan sering tidak diberi pendetailan yang baik. Studi analisa ini akan membahas nilai dari kekuatan geser horizontal dari sebelas spesimen pada pertemuan balok-kolom interior dengan mempergunakan metode Softened Strut-and-Tie dan ACI, lalu membandingkannya dengan hasil uji laboratorium yang tersedia di literatur untuk mengetahui keakuratan dari metode yang dipergunakan dalam menentukan nilai dari keku

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Yun, Young-Mook, Byung-Hun Kim, and Won-Seok Lee. "Strut-Tie Model Evaluation of Haunch Effects in Concrete Structures." Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute 15, no. 2 (2003): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2003.15.2.183.

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