Relevant bibliographies by topics / Studded tires

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Studded tires'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Studded tires"

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Gültlinger, Johannes, Frank Gauterin, Christian Brandau, Jan Schlittenhard, and Burkhard Wies. "Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires." Tire Science and Technology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.14.420101.

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ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.
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Astrauskas, Darius. "INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF STUDDED WINTER AND UNIVERSAL TIRES IN VEHICLES OF M1 AND N1 CATEGORIES IN ŠIAULIAI." PROFESSIONAL STUDIES: THEORY AND PRACTICE 27, no. 1 (July 5, 2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56131/pstp.2023.27.1.117.

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Tires are one of the most important elements of vehicles in terms of traffic safety. This is even more evident in unfavourable weather conditions on winter roads. The wrong choice of tires quite often becomes the cause of a traffic accident. It is very important to pay attention to the correct use of tires for drivers of trucks and cars. The vehicle is in contact with the road surface only on the four surfaces of the human palm. Road traffic safety depends on various traffic elements: driver education, road quality and technical condition of cars. Tires are one of the components of a car. This paper examines the types of tires suitable for use in winter, the tire tread patterns, in order to determine the types of winter tires used, the prevalence of studded tires is studied. The aim is to determine the reasons why some European countries prohibit the use of studded winter tires. Keywords: winter tires, studded tires, traffic safety, road surface
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Horiuchi, Kazu. "Advance in Studded Tires : Newest Technique with Studless Tires." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 98, no. 925 (1995): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.98.925_997.

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Brunette, Bruce E., and James R. Lundy. "Use and Effects of Studded Tires on Oregon Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1536, no. 1 (January 1996): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153600110.

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The use and effects of studded tires in Oregon are investigated, updating a 1974 report. Studded-tire use was surveyed, rut measurements collected, studded-tire traffic estimated, and pavement wear and damage analyzed. Studded-tire use in Oregon varies geographically. Half of the vehicles equipped with studs use them on all wheels, representing a significant change from 1974 practices. More than 23 percent of vehicles used studded tires in 1994. Studded-tire pavement wear coefficients were calculated and found to be half those reported previously. The coefficients for rigid and flexible pavements are 0.20 mm (0.008 in.) and 0.86 mm (0.034 in.), respectively, per 100,000 studded tire passes. Studded-tire wear will shorten pavement life on high-volume routes in Oregon. Asphalt pavements experiencing average daily traffic (ADT) volumes of 35,000 and 20 percent studded-tire use will reach the threshold rut in 7 years. Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements experiencing 120,000 ADT and 20 percent studded-tire use will develop the threshold rut depth of 19 mm in 8 years. These estimates substantially reduce Oregon design life expectations for asphalt and PCC pavements. The estimated Oregon studded-tire damage for 1994 is $37 million for the state highway network, with similar damage for municipal and county roads. Alternatives are discussed to reduce the damage caused by studded tires, including a ban on studs, shortened use period, lightweight studs, user fees, and public education initiatives.
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Kallberg, Veli-Pekka, Heikki Kanner, Tapani Mäkinen, and Matti Roine. "Estimation of Effects of Reduced Salting and Decreased Use of Studded Tires on Road Accidents in Winter." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300106.

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The effect on road accidents of reduced salting was estimated on the basis of accident risks on bare (free of ice and snow) and slippery roads and the changes that decreased salting causes in the proportions of vehicle kilometers driven on different road surface conditions. That the risk in slippery conditions may depend on the frequency of such conditions was also taken into account. The effects of studded tires on accidents were estimated on the basis of data from mail surveys and case study accidents. The effects of the use of studded tires on driving behavior were studied in real traffic so that drivers were unaware that their driving was being monitored. The final conclusions were drawn by combining results from a number of studies. Even though the results from a single study were often more indicative than conclusive, the studies together resulted in reasonably clear implications of the direction and magnitude of the effects. It was concluded that decreasing the use of salt or studded tires from the present level (approximately 95 percent of cars use studded tires and approximately 10 T of salt is used per road kilometer each winter) would increase injury accidents in winter. Accidents would increase 26 to 30 percent if salting were decreased by 80 percent and only 20 percent if cars were equipped with studded tires.
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Leppänen, Anne. "Final Results of Road Traffic in Winter Project: Socioeconomic Effects of Winter Maintenance and Studded Tires." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300104.

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Finland is a sparsely populated country where the road network provides access even to the most remote areas of the country. All public roads maintained by the Finnish National Road Administration (FinnRA) are kept in good condition day and night throughout the year. Sodium chloride is the main substance used for chemical deicing; sanding is used only on roads with little traffic. In Finland the use of studded tires began in the early 1960s. Finland is the leading country in the use of studded tires: in winter, 95 percent of passenger cars have studded tires. The simultaneous use of salt and studded tires causes problems. To solve these problems, FinnRA launched a large research program called “Road Traffic in Winter” to evaluate alternative winter maintenance scenarios for improving social benefits. The project had nine future scenarios, representing permutations of three alternatives each for studded tire use and salting. None of the examined scenarios was more favorable than the baseline situation (current usage). When searching for the socioeconomic optimum, the accident costs become the most important factor, and the accident costs strongly support retention of the baseline situation: the use of salt and studded tires should be continued at current levels despite their drawbacks.
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Sapozhenkov, N. O., V. S. Petrov, and D. V. Zhdanov. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF WINTER STUDDED TIRES OPERATION." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 6 (2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-6-96.

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The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of vehicle operation by establishing patterns of change in the performance properties of winter tires and improving, on this basis, methods for adjusting the frequency of their replacement. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach, a number of private methods of the experimental-theoretical level and proven methods of processing experimental data. As a result of the analysis of key factors, the relevance of the application of repair technology for studding car tires has been substantiated. Experimental studies on measuring the braking distance and acceleration time have confirmed the need for prompt diagnostics of the residual number of studs on car tires. It was found that the efficiency of the tire as the actual number of studs decreases non-linearly and depends largely on the type of road surface used. The scientific novelty of the performed research is the regularities of braking and acceleration properties of cars operated on various road surfaces in winter conditions, taking into account the technical condition of studded tires. The practical significance of such stands is to increase the demand for this service by reducing costs and significantly reducing labor costs associated with assessing the performance of winter tires. Technological operations using portable stands can be combined with periodic maintenance or carried out with a seasonal tire change both at service stations and in motor transport companies. Further research is aimed at collecting, analyzing and systematizing data to establish the parameters of mathematical models of the most popular standard sizes of automobile winter tires, which will allow scaling the technology and reducing its cost due to mass use. Thus, the results of the on-line diagnostics of tires can be used by car owners when making timely decisions about replacement or repair, which significantly increases traffic safety and reduces the cost of operation, since if the integrity of the tread is preserved, the restoration of winter tires with repair studs almost completely restores the original properties that determine numerical values of efficiency indicators at significantly lower costs in comparison with buying a set of new tires.
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Lu, Jian John. "Vehicle Traction Performance on Snowy and Icy Surfaces." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1536, no. 1 (January 1996): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153600112.

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Snow and ice have been considered the main factors that contribute to reduced vehicle traction forces and potential traffic accidents during winter. To increase a vehicle's traction on snow and icy surfaces, studded and nonstudded winter tires have been used in cold regions. However, the use of studded tires causes significant pavement damage, such as accelerated pavement rutting and pavement marking damage. Since spring 1994, the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities has asked the Transportation Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks to conduct a series of research studies related to vehicle traction performance on snow and icy surfaces in Alaska. One of the studies conducted in 1995 is summarized. The main objectives of the study were to evaluate (a) traction performance of used winter tires on roadways, (b) traction performance comparison of lightweight studded tires with other winter tires, (c) traction performance of vehicles with two front studded tires, and (d) effects of vehicle type on traction performance. Field tests were conducted on traveled roadways and in parking lots. The main traction performance measurements included stopping distances, maximum stopping deceleration forces, time necessary to reach a certain speed, and maximum starting acceleration forces.
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Hjort, Mattias, Olle Eriksson, and Fredrik Bruzelius. "Comprehensive Study of the Performance of Winter Tires on Ice, Snow, and Asphalt Roads: The Influence of Tire Type and Wear." Tire Science and Technology 45, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.17.450304.

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ABSTRACT This work presents a comprehensive study of the performance of winter tires on snow, ice, and asphalt. A set of 77 different winter tires were carefully selected for the study. Of these, 27 were new and 50 were worn from real traffic use. All three tire types for winter conditions (Nordic, European, and studded) were represented. All tires have been tested using a mobile tire-testing device for snow and asphalt and using a stationary tire-testing facility for ice. Both devices recorded the tire forces and motions, enabling a close to complete stationary characterization of the tires. In addition, 42 of the tires were tested on a passenger car, where brake performance was evaluated for the three different road conditions. This enables a comparative study of performance between tire types and wear for various winter road conditions. The results suggest that the recorded data represent real vehicle performance. Some conclusions from the measurements are that the effect of wear is consistent between the tire groups and that the performance degradation is most noticeable on studded tires on ice and on European tires on snow.
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ICHIHARA, Kaoru. "RECENT PROBLEMS ON STUDDED TIRES AND PAVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 354 (1985): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1985.354_13.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Studded tires"

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Aghanifor, Ishmael. "Charging the use of studded tires in Stockholm city-A cost Benefit analysis." Thesis, http://www.eurafrika.com, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37753.

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The stockholm county proposed legislation in 2010 on the use of studded tires in the city. The aim of the policy was to reduce the use of studded tires by 50 percent. The research question investigates the authenticity of the policy where it was hypothesized that the net social benefits for the imposition of this charge was less than or equal to zero. Emperical literatures were chosen systematically and with the help of theories on welfare economics, a meta analysis was employed quantifying cost and benefits of all outcomes. The findings shows that the NSB is less than zero meaning that it was a wise decision to reject the proposal.
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Babiuc, Octavian. "Effect of gritting sand quality on road dust pollution." Thesis, KTH, Vägtekniks laboratorium, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194340.

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Pollution of air represents the contamination with matter that can affect both humanhealth and the environment. Road dust has been recognized as a dominant source ofparticulate matter and one of the factors that contributes to its development is the useof gritting sand. Gritting sand is being used during snowy winter conditions as atraction control method. During spring season, when snow and ice melt and surfacesdry out, and the influence of traffic, asphalt surface wear, particle ejection from tires,etc; under the effect of their interaction, cause the formation of particulate matter.A general aim of this study was to perform analysis of factors which can be consideredresponsible generating road pollution, with resistance to abrasion of gritting sandbeing a potential key problem. The correlation between the use of studded tires andparticulate matter formation has been considered to be one of major issues in urbanareas.In order to carry out this investigation, an individual study case was considered,measurements indicated that levels of pollution increased even after studded tires werebanned.The literature review revealed important knowledge gaps regarding the quantificationof particulate emissions from non-exhaust sources, most importantly, emissions due tolow quality gritting sanding. At this point, very little information is available thatcould be used for determining the resistance to abrasion of gritting sanding material.This is further supported by numerous institutions and companies, all suggesting thatquality of gritting sand is not taken into consideration. Gritting sand is part of abigger problem which also involves types of pavement, types of tires, weather,background pollution, etc. Furthermore, there is no practical method to characterizewear of resistance of gritting sand.
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Giragosian, Sarah. "Queer creatures, queer times." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633190.

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Queer Creatures, Queer Times makes a critical intervention in queer theory and queer poetics through a combination of critical and creative approaches to explore how posthumanist thought and animal studies might correct a blindspot in current critical work on queer experience and texts. Queer theory tends to neglect non/human subjects, yet an ecological and posthumanist critique helps to trouble its humanist bias as well as its overly neat ties to constructivist and performative notions of selfhood. I argue that modern lyric poetry, in emergence during the cultural transmission of Darwinian precepts and the social invention of the homosexual, is uniquely situated to challenge the exclusivist principles that underlie specieisim, Social Darwinism, and heterosexism. While queer theory tends to overlook evolution in the construction of subjectivity and sexuality, I posit that such tendencies diminish opportunities for thinking through non-coherent selfhood and the radical contingency of beings upon other life forms. Accompanying my critical essays on three modernist queer poets, Djuna Barnes, Elizabeth Bishop, and Marianne Moore, are my poetics essay entitled "Towards a Poetics of the Animal" and my poetry manuscript Queer Fish. Both poetic texts explore non-dominant forms of queer relation between animals and humans.

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Oliver, Sophia. "Modelling studies of the atmospheric tides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365773.

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Angerinos, Michael J. "A synthesis on the evolution of the studded tire." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9049.

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Ever since studded tires were flrst introduced, the advantages, disadvantages, and effects of studded tires on vehicles, drivers and pavement systems has been the center of research and controversy for highway and transportation administrators, as well as safety engineers. The primary objective of this synthesis is to assemble, extract, organize and present information pertaining to the history of the studded tire (i.e., how it has evolved over time) in a detailed/descriptive chronological manner. The project also explores the relationship between the wear of pavements and the studded tire developments that have taken place over the past forty years
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Wanat, Matthew Stephen. ""Feels Like Times Have Changed": Sixties Western Heroes." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364225401.

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Conte, Francesco. "Expanding the brush tire model for energy studies." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-164284.

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Considering the more and more important issues concerning the climate changes and the global warming, the automotive industry is paying more and more attention to vehicle concepts with full electric or partly electric propulsion systems. The introduction of electric power sources allow the designers to implement more advanced motion control systems in vehicle, such as active suspensions. An example of this concept is the Autonomous corner module (ACM), designed by S. Zetterström. The ACM is a modular based suspension system that includes all features of wheel control, such as control of steering, wheel torque and camber individually, using electric actuators. With a good control strategy it is believed that is it possible to reduce the fuel consumption and/or increase the handling properties of the vehicle. In particular, camber angle has a significant effect on vehicle handling. However, very few efforts have been done in order to analyse its effects on tire dissipated energy. The aim of this study is to develop a new tire model, having as starting point the simple Brush Tire model, in order to analyse the tire behaviour, in terms of forces generated and energy dissipated, for different dynamic situations. In order to reach this scope, the characteristic equations of the rubber material are implemented in a 3D Multi-Line brush tire model. In this way the energy dissipated, thus the rolling resistance force, can be studied and analysed, considering also the tire geometry. From the results of this work it is possible to assert that the angular parameters (e.g. camber angle) affect the power losses in rolling tires, as well as the tire geometry influences their rolling resistance. Thus, using a good control strategy, it is possible to reduce the power losses in tires.
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Kozuka, Ryohei. "Studded tire wear - comparison between British Pendulum and Pin on disc testing." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209485.

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Studded tires are widely used during the winter season in the Nordic countries due to their performance qualities in extreme cold temperatures, however they cause wear on the road surface. This is not only an economic problem but also a health problem due to amount of airborne wear particles that are generated.  Therefore, a test method under controlled laboratory conditions for tire and road wear is needed. In this thesis,studded tire wear on concrete road samples are studied using two test equipments; a Pin on disc and a British pendulum rig test.  Three different types of concrete road materials and two different types of tire stud geometries were used in the study. The road sample wear ranks the same in both test equipment’s following the rebound hardness of the concrete material. For the two studded tires samples differences in the amount of wear could be noticed. One possible explanation here is the wear dependence on the velocity due to the difference in simulated vehicle speed for the two tests equipment’s.
Dubbdäck används i stor utsträckning under vintersäsongen i Norden på grund av deras prestandaegenskaper i kalla temperaturer. Ett problem med dubbdäck är att de orsakar slitage på vägytan. Detta är inte bara ett ekonomiskt problem utan också ett hälsoproblem då en del av slitaget är partiklar som är luftburna och inandningsbara. Därför finns det ett behov av testmetoder för däck och vägslitage i kontrollerad laboratoriemiljö. I denna studie utvärderas dubbdäcksnötning i två testutrustningar; den brittiska vägpendeln och en pinne-på-skiva maskin. Prov utfördes med tre olika vägvarianter av betong och två olika dubbgeometrier. Storleken på nötningen rankades den samma för de olika vägbeläggningarna i de två olika provutrustningarna. Dock så inverkade dubbgeometrin på resultatet och olika nivåer på vägslitage kunde noteras för de två dubbvarianterna i beroende på val av provutrustning. En möjlig förklaring kan vara ett hastighetsberoende av nötningen då de två olika provutrustningarna simulerar olika fordonshastigheter.
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Kurbanova, Mohira R. "Times of Courage: Women’s NGO Movement in Uzbekistan." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273606596.

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Kangumu, Bennett. "Contestations over Caprivi identities : from pre colonial times to the present." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8176.

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This study investigated the hypothesis that Caprivi identities exist; and that they have always been contested. These identities defined as a sense of not belonging to greater South West Africa exist in two forms: i) as a spatial or geographical entity usually divided into East and West in history for administrative purposes; and, ii) as a people, such as Subia, Mafwe, Mayeyi, Mbukushu, Barakwena, Totela, Mbalangwe, and Lozi, collectively referred to as ‘Caprivians’. Through utilizing primary sources such as oral interviews and archival material as well as secondary sources, the study endeavored to establish how Caprivi identities were constructed; what the nature of its contestations are; and how ‘Caprivians’ responded to its construction. It was established that Caprivi identities were the result of administrative neglect in state formation that constructed isolation on the basis of difference – that ‘Caprivians’ are different from other groups in South West Africa, and that Caprivi was geographically remote from Windhoek and hence difficult to administer as part of South West Africa. Resultantly, only a primitive form of indirect rule existed in the area for most part of its colonial history resulting in constant change of colonial masters. Though it was pushed more to neighboring territories administratively, it was not made an integral part of such territories but made to stand separate as a geographical entity.
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Books on the topic "Studded tires"

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J, Angerinos Michael, United States. Federal Highway Administration., Washington (State). Dept. of Transportation., Washington State Transportation Center, and Washington State Transportation Commission, eds. A synthesis on studded tires. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1999.

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Scheibe, Robert R. An overview of studded and studless tire traction and safety. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 2002.

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Kenkyūjo, Sainokuni Sōgō. Supaiku taiya riyō jittai chōsa tō gyōmu hōkokusho: Heisei 23-nendo Kankyōshō ukeoi gyōmu hōkokusho. [Saitama-shi]: Sainokuni Sōgō Kenkyūjo Gōdō Kaisha, 2012.

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Malik, Mazen G. Studded tires in Oregon: Analysis of pavement wear and cost of mitigation. Salem, Or: Financial and Economic Analysis Unit, Financial Services, Central Services Division, Oregon Dept. of Transportation, 2000.

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Angerinos, Michael J. A synthesis on the evolution of the studded tire. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998.

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(Japan), Miyagi-ken. Supaikutaiya taisaku suishin jigyō jisshi gaiyō. [Sendai-shi]: Miyagi-ken, 1988.

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Brooks, Eric W. Repair of studded tire damage: I-5 pilot project, M.P. 276-278 northbound section. Salem, Or: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, [Engineering Services Section], Research Unit, 1997.

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Griffin, F. Hollis. Television Studies in Queer Times. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003109044.

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Jersey, Katherine De. Destiny times six: An astrologer's casebook. Tempe, Ariz: American Federation of Astrologers, 1992.

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Muth, Jakob. Tines Odyssee zur Grundschule. Essen: Neue Deutsche Schule Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Studded tires"

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Rull, Valentí, and Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia. "Modern and Contemporary Times." In Ecological Studies, 129–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57441-2_6.

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Law, Graham, and Jenny Bourne Taylor. "Shakespearian Studies." In E.S. Dallas in The Times, 179–97. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003433613-24.

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Ahsanullah, Mohammad, and Valery B. Nevzorov. "Record Times." In Atlantis Studies in Probability and Statistics, 45–62. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-136-9_3.

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Poli, Roberto. "Time and Times." In Introduction to Anticipation Studies, 139–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63023-6_8.

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Liggett, Lori, and Terry L. Rentner. "Topsy-Turvy Times." In Case Studies in Sport Communication, 159–68. New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315189833-16.

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Kozelka, Natalie. "Family Ties." In Constructing Knowledge: Curriculum Studies In Action, 77–79. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6351-005-9_15.

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Hyyppä, Markku T. "Cross-Sectional Studies of Social Capital and Health." In Healthy Ties, 63–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9606-7_7.

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Bartels, Andreas. "Do Times Exist?" In Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 203–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8875-1_9.

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Koll, Henrik, and Jette Ernst. "Caught between Times." In Pierre Bourdieu in Studies of Organization and Management, 23–40. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003022510-3.

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Reise, Karsten. "Tides, Sediments, and the Distribution of Organisms." In Ecological Studies, 9–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70495-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Studded tires"

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Sistonen, Matti. "Decreasing of Wearing Effect of Studded Tires on Road Pavements." In 1989 Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890030.

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Snilsberg, Brynhild, Rabbira Garba Saba, and Nils Uthus. "Asphalt pavement wear by studded tires – Effects of aggregate grading and amount of coarse aggregate." In 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. Czech Technical University in Prague, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ee.2016.072.

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Jacobsen, Stefan. "Abrasion and scaling of concrete by ice, studded tires and frost-salt: interaction and service life modeling." In 2nd International RILEM Symposium on Advances in Concrete through Science and Engineering. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580028.026.

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Zhu, Chengwei, and Jingjing Yan. "Experimental Investigation on Rolling Resistance and Temperature of the Heavy-Duty Vehicle Tires." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0754.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Tire rolling resistance and temperature are the main parameters for the design and driving of the heavy-duty tires due to their effects on fuel economy and safety. In this paper, the influence of many factors on the tire rollingresistance and temperature is studied, including speed, inflation pressure and normal load; the relationship between rolling resistance properties and temperature of heavy tires is studied based on several experiments to explore the physical mechanism and characteristics of tire rolling resistance for heavy-duty vehicles. The effects of the driving time and temperature of the tire on the rolling resistance are performed on tire’s experimental platform, in which the empirical models involved in the driving time and temperature of the tire for the rolling resistance are established using the least square method for fitting the experimental data. The experimental results demonstrate that the rolling resistance decreases significantly in the first 30 mins, and tends to be flat after 50 mins. Meanwhile, the tire tread temperature increases over time. Therefore, the research contents of rolling resistance and temperature for the heavy tire are of great significance for the energy saving and driving safety of the heavy-duty vehicles.</div></div>
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Rath, Shubham, Alexandrina Untaroiu, and Gen Fu. "Effects of Tire Attributes on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Generic Car-Tire Assembly." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87705.

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Abstract The effect of tires on the overall aerodynamic drag in a car-tire assembly has been studied and deemed considerable from past studies. It has been shown that it is important to understand how the vehicle body and the tires influence the flow structures generated. Previous studies focused on the tire attributes that have an impact on the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. These tire attributes, however, have not been studied to the extent where one can get a better understanding of the impact of each of these attributes. This paper studies the impact that specific tire attributes have on the overall aerodynamic drag on the vehicle. A thorough and systematic sensitivity study of the effect of tire attributes of a standalone tire was performed to better understand the flow structures around the car body and the improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. In this study, the DrivAer model is used due to the extensive research that has been done on the model. A baseline CFD model of the tire-vehicle assembly of the DrivAer model is simulated using Ansys FLUENT in the open road domain to understand the flow structures around the body of the vehicle. Simulations are done on the fastback configuration of the DrivAer model. A smooth underbody is chosen for this simulation in order to avoid complexities in the meshing. A cuboid shaped open road domain is created, keeping in mind the blocking ratio that is adequate to emulate the flow around the vehicle under open road conditions. Ground simulation and rotating wheel boundary conditions are used to simulate the vehicle moving on the road. The contribution of the tire towards the aerodynamic drag on the vehicle is studied. Coefficient of Drag and coefficient of pressure results from the simulation are validated from experimental data. This is used to create a simulation procedure with appropriate meshing techniques and solution methods in order to simulate for the baseline tire-vehicle assembly and the optimized tire-vehicle assembly. Data from these simulations are used to quantitatively compare the drag contribution of different parameters of the tires. The sensitivity analysis of the tire-vehicle assembly model performed gives a better insight into the modelling techniques that can be used on a car-tire assembly, as well as the impact of the parameters that could be selected for future tire model optimization.
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Anantharamaiah, Bharath, Linus Fagerberg, Ulf Sandberg, Hans-Erik Hansson, and Juan J. Garcia. "Airless Tires in the LEON-T Project: How Can They Be Modelled?" In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0375.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">For more than a century, pneumatic (air-inflated) tires have totally dominated the market for road vehicle tires. However, in the recent two decades, interest has grown in developing airless tires. Some of the authors were involved in design of an early version in composite material 15-30 years ago for passenger cars. Presently, the EU project LEON-T (Low particle Emissions and lOw Noise Tyres) includes a part in which prototypes for innovative heavy goods vehicle (HGV) tires are developed, with the main purpose to reduce noise emission by 6 dB. To reduce noise that much it is believed that airless tires are needed. A special challenge is to get a durable design able to carry typical truck tire loads.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper introduces the principal design of airless tires. Airless tire prototypes are intended to be developed by partner Euroturbine, in cooperation with mainly Applus+ IDIADA, VTI and subcontractor Lightness by Design. The tire consists of a rim, load-carrying spokes, composite belt, and rubber tread. The primary focus is on the modelling of static and dynamic behavior of the tire and the corresponding impact on the tire design.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">By aid of FE modelling, the tire static behavior (radial, lateral, and longitudinal stiffness) is analyzed. It is found that the radial stiffness of the modelled tire is within the ranges of that of a conventional pneumatic tire, however, the longitudinal and lateral stiffnesses are 2.5 and 2 times higher, respectively. The same tire model is used to study its dynamic behavior (modal and noise characteristics) which are then compared with that from measurements. For modal studies, the point inertances are used as a reference for test and simulation validation. The same for the noise study is the noise transfer function that is measured at a predetermined location, using a microphone in the vicinity of the tire.</div></div>
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Wongsim, Manirath, Pongsatorn Tantrabundit, Sommai Khantong, and Charuay Savithi. "Effect of Big Data in Accounting: Case Studies in Thailand." In 2019 4th Technology Innovation Management and Engineering Science International Conference (TIMES-iCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/times-icon47539.2019.9024460.

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Ibrahimoglu, Beycan, Cagla A. Demircan, Seren E. Kizisar, M. Zeki Yilmazoglu, and N. Turkes. "Energy Recovery from Waste Tires with Plasma Method." In 2018 2nd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismsit.2018.8567305.

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Zhu, Hengjia, Yidong Tian, and Wei Zhang. "Studies of Tire Frictional Characteristics on the Snowy Road." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0756.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The tire frictional characteristics, which are the most critical factors of braking performance, depend on the road condition. Unsafe accidents always occur when driving in a hostile environment, especially under snowy road conditions. The coupled dynamic behaviors between the tire and the snow on the road are closely related to the water film generated from the tire rolling on the snow. The winter tire and summer tire with specification 175/65R14 are modeled separately by the finite element method (FEM), and the stiffness characteristics of the winter tire are analyzed. Further, the coupled dynamic model between the tire and the snowy road is built by considering the tire motion effects of the water film. The tires’ friction coefficient is investigated under the straight snowy road with different velocities. It shows that the friction decreases as the velocity increases, and vice versa because the intermediate water film thickness between the tire and snow depends on the tire motion state.</div></div>
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Gautam, Prashanta, Yousof Azizi, and Abhilash J. Chandy. "A Parametric Study of Air-Pumping Phenomenon in Tire Grooves Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65500.

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The tire/road interaction process results in generation of noise, which is transmitted and audible in the inside and outside of the car. In the recent years, the structural-borne noise in a tire has been extensively studied. However, very few studies have been conducted on air-borne noise. Various studies and indoor experimental measurements suggest that among all air-borne tire noise mechanisms, air-pumping mechanisms, i.e. rapid displacement of air near the tire/road contact patch, is the dominant source of noise for certain tires and operating conditions. This research focuses on studying air-pumping mechanisms and uses a previously developed computational model to predict air-borne noise generated using a hybrid approach. The basis of the hybrid approach is a direct prediction of near-field solution using compressible Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence modeling, combined with an analytical prediction of far-field acoustics using an acoustic model. Only the near-field acoustic characteristics are discussed in this paper. The tire rotation and groove deformations at the tire/road contact is modeled through mesh motion and prescribed deformation functions, thereby circumventing the need for coupling with a structural solver for fluid-structure interactions. The capability of the developed computational model in estimating the tire noise is shown and the effects of varying different parameters such as tire speed and geometry on the evolution of the estimated responses at various near-field receiver locations are studied.
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Reports on the topic "Studded tires"

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Upadhyaya, Shrini, Dan Wolf, William J. Chancellor, Itzhak Shmulevich, and Amos Hadas. Traction-Soil Compaction Tradeoffs as a Function of Dynamic Soil-Tire Interation Due to Varying Soil and Loading Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612832.bard.

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The objectives of this study were to investigate soil-pneumatic tire interaction and develop traction-soil compaction prediction model. We have developed an inverse solution technique that employs a response surface methodology to determine engineering properties of soil in-situ. This technique is useful in obtaining actual properties of soil in-situ for use in traction and soil compaction studies rather than using the values obtained in the laboratory by employing remolded and/or disturbed soil samples. We have conducted extensive field tests i the U.S. to develop semi-empirical traction prediction equation for radial ply tires. A user friendly traction-soil compaction program was developed to predict tractive ability of radial ply tires using several different techniques and to estimate soil compaction induced by these tires. A traction prediction model that incorporates strain rate effects on the tractive ability of tires was developed in Israel. A mobile single wheel tester and an in-situ soil test device were developed i Israel to significantly enhance the ability of Israeli investigators to conduct traction-soil compaction research. This project has resulted in close cooperation between UCD, Technion, and ARO, which will be instrumental in future collaboration.
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Zutshi, Vishnu. Response and Uniformity Studies of Directly Coupled Tiles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993865.

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Labrune, Elsa, Bruno Salle, and Jacqueline Lornage. An update on in vitro folliculogenesis: a new technique for post-cancer fertility. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0111.

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Review question / Objective: The present review intends to summarize the progress of in vitro folliculogenesis in humans. It focuses on the culture media and then, according to the culture stage, on the different culture systems developed with comments on the results obtained. Condition being studied: This review focuses on the progress of in vitro folliculogenesis in humans. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria : all original English-language articles on in vitro folliculogenesis from ovarian tissue in humans; exclusion criteria: non-English papers, works on animals, in vitro maturation and in vivo maturation works carried out within the context of in vitro fertilization protocols, studies on in vitro folliculogenesis that checked slow freezing and/or vitrification of ovarian tissue, studies on frozen or vitrified tissues (these do not have the same objective), studies on short culture times, and studies that lacked major results.
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Gallien, Max, Umair Javed, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. Zakat, Non-State Welfare Provision and Redistribution in Times of Crisis: Evidence from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.037.

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The funding of social protection initiatives is especially complex in times of crisis. While social protection is critical as a means of redistributing income, delivering relief to those in particular need, and building economic resilience, crises severely limit states’ abilities to fund these efforts. Immediate pandemic relief efforts have prompted renewed attention to this dynamic. While state-driven social protection efforts around the pandemic have been studied extensively, little attention has been paid to non-state welfare provision in a context of crisis. There has been particularly little analysis of the role and implications of what is likely the world’s largest system of non-state welfare provision – zakat. Summary of Working Paper 163.
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Merickel, Barbara, Daniel L. Johnson, John T. Yelverton, and William Hicks. Blast Overpressure Studies. Part II: Nonauditory Damage-Risk Assessment for Simulated Weapons Fired 100 Times from an Enclosure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada334995.

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Lylo, Taras. Російсько-українська війна в інтерпретаціях іранського видання «The Tehran Times»: основні ідеологеми та маніпулятивні прийоми. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11730.

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The article analyzes the main ideologemes in the Iranian English-language newspaper The Tehran Times about the Russian-Ukrainian war. Particular attention is paid to such ideologemes as “NATO-created Ukraine war”, “Western racism”, “an average European is a victim of the US policy”. The author claims that the newspaper is a repeater of anti-Ukrainian ideologemes by the Russian propaganda, including such as “coup d’état in Ukraine”, “denazification”, “special military operation”, “conflict in Ukraine”, “genocide in Donbas”, but retranslates them in a specific way: the journalists of The Tehran Times do not often use such ideologemes, but mainly ensure their functioning in the newspaper due to the biased selection of external authors (mainly from the USA), who are carriers of the cognitive curvature. The object of the research is also the manipulative techniques of the newspaper (the appeal to “common sense”, simplification of a complex problem, etc.). Methods of modeling the image of the enemy are also studied (first of all, such an enemy for the Tehran Times is the USA), among which categoricalness occupies a special place (all features of the opponent are interpreted not only at its own discretion, but indisputably; such and only such perception of the opponent is “the ultimate truth”), stereotypes (stereotypes replace the true knowledge), demonization (the opponent is portrayed as the embodiment of absolute, metaphysical evil) and asynchrony (an astronomer’s view, who sees a star as if it was the same all eternity to this point. The dynamics of history is ignored by propagandist). Keywords: ideologeme, manipulative techniques, Russia, racism, propaganda.
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Drees, A. A close look at beam aborts with rise times less than 40 ms from the years 2014-2016. Case studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1326760.

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Gomez-Gonzalez, Jose E., Jorge M. Uribe, and Oscar M. Valencia. Risk Spillovers between Global Corporations and Latin American Sovereigns: Global Factors Matter. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004266.

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This paper studies volatility spillovers in credit default swaps (CDS) between the corporate sectors and Latin American countries. Daily data from October 14, 2006, to August 23, 2021, are employed. Spillovers are computed both for the raw data and for filtered series which factor out the effect of global common factors on the various CDS series. Results indicate that most spillovers occur within groups that is, within the series of sovereign CDS contracts and the price contracts of CDS issued by global corporations. However, considerable spillovers are also registered between LAC sovereigns and corporations. Interesting differences are encountered between filtered and unfiltered data. Specifically, spillovers from countries to corporations are overestimated (by about 4.3 percentage points) and spillovers from corporations to sovereigns are underestimated (by about 5.8 percentage points) when unfiltered data are used. This result calls for a revision of results obtained from studies that do not consider the role played by global common factors in system spillovers. Like in most related studies, spillovers show considerable time variation, being larger during times of financial or economic distress. When looking at total system spillovers over time, those corresponding to unfiltered series are always larger than those corresponding to filtered series. The difference between the two time series is largest in times of distress, indicating that global factors play a major role in times of crisis. Similar conclusions are derived from network analysis.
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Naulls, Stephen, and Clare Lally. Human challenge studies in the study of infectious diseases. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, UK Parliament, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/rr01.

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Human challenge studies involve researchers deliberately exposing healthy volunteers to pathogens that cause infectious diseases. This allows researchers to monitor how the body responds to the disease, and to test possible new treatments and vaccines. Human challenge studies have become more well-known for their use in the Covid-19 pandemic, but they have been used for decades to advance our understanding of infectious diseases. Their benefits include the ability to study infections and test treatments in a controlled setting, and during times when there is low prevalence in the general population. However, benefits must be balanced against other considerations, such as health risks to volunteers and other ethical challenges. The Government has recently committed over £13 million of funding to human challenge studies, and international organisations are developing further regulation.
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Caballero, Ricardo J. Macroeconomic Volatility in Latin America: A View and Three Case Studies. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010988.

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After decades of trial, error, and occasional regress, the pieces of a successful Latin American economic model can be seen scattered among the leading economies of the region. The most traditional macroeconomic maladies of the emerging world, such as chronic fiscal imbalances and monetary gimmicks, are gradually being left behind. Many of these economies have made significant progress in their regulatory and supervisory frameworks and, at times, have been leaders beyond Latin American boundaries in allowing private sector co-participation in a wide array of ex-public sector activities. Despite these significant efforts, several structural sources of volatility remain, and new ones have emerged as a result of the new and otherwise better economic environment.
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