Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Studded tires / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Studded tires.

Journal articles on the topic 'Studded tires'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Studded tires.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Gültlinger, Johannes, Frank Gauterin, Christian Brandau, Jan Schlittenhard, and Burkhard Wies. "Investigations of Road Wear Caused by Studded Tires." Tire Science and Technology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.14.420101.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The use of studded tires has been a subject of controversy from the time they came into market. While studded tires contribute to traffic safety under severe winter conditions by increasing tire friction on icy roads, they also cause damage to the road surface when running on bare roads. Consequently, one of the main challenges in studded tire development is to reduce road wear while still ensuring a good grip on ice. Therefore, a research project was initiated to gain understanding about the mechanisms and influencing parameters involved in road wear by studded tires. A test method using the institute's internal drum test bench was developed. Furthermore, mechanisms causing road wear by studded tires were derived from basic analytical models. These mechanisms were used to identify the main parameters influencing road wear by studded tires. Using experimental results obtained with the test method developed, the expected influences were verified. Vehicle driving speed and stud mass were found to be major factors influencing road wear. This can be explained by the stud impact as a dominant mechanism. By means of the test method presented, quantified and comparable data for road wear caused by studded tires under controllable conditions can be obtained. The mechanisms allow predicting the influence of tire construction and variable operating conditions on road wear.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Astrauskas, Darius. "INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF STUDDED WINTER AND UNIVERSAL TIRES IN VEHICLES OF M1 AND N1 CATEGORIES IN ŠIAULIAI." PROFESSIONAL STUDIES: THEORY AND PRACTICE 27, no. 1 (July 5, 2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56131/pstp.2023.27.1.117.

Full text

Abstract:

Tires are one of the most important elements of vehicles in terms of traffic safety. This is even more evident in unfavourable weather conditions on winter roads. The wrong choice of tires quite often becomes the cause of a traffic accident. It is very important to pay attention to the correct use of tires for drivers of trucks and cars. The vehicle is in contact with the road surface only on the four surfaces of the human palm. Road traffic safety depends on various traffic elements: driver education, road quality and technical condition of cars. Tires are one of the components of a car. This paper examines the types of tires suitable for use in winter, the tire tread patterns, in order to determine the types of winter tires used, the prevalence of studded tires is studied. The aim is to determine the reasons why some European countries prohibit the use of studded winter tires. Keywords: winter tires, studded tires, traffic safety, road surface

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Horiuchi, Kazu. "Advance in Studded Tires : Newest Technique with Studless Tires." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 98, no. 925 (1995): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.98.925_997.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Brunette, Bruce E., and James R. Lundy. "Use and Effects of Studded Tires on Oregon Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1536, no. 1 (January 1996): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153600110.

Full text

Abstract:

The use and effects of studded tires in Oregon are investigated, updating a 1974 report. Studded-tire use was surveyed, rut measurements collected, studded-tire traffic estimated, and pavement wear and damage analyzed. Studded-tire use in Oregon varies geographically. Half of the vehicles equipped with studs use them on all wheels, representing a significant change from 1974 practices. More than 23 percent of vehicles used studded tires in 1994. Studded-tire pavement wear coefficients were calculated and found to be half those reported previously. The coefficients for rigid and flexible pavements are 0.20 mm (0.008 in.) and 0.86 mm (0.034 in.), respectively, per 100,000 studded tire passes. Studded-tire wear will shorten pavement life on high-volume routes in Oregon. Asphalt pavements experiencing average daily traffic (ADT) volumes of 35,000 and 20 percent studded-tire use will reach the threshold rut in 7 years. Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements experiencing 120,000 ADT and 20 percent studded-tire use will develop the threshold rut depth of 19 mm in 8 years. These estimates substantially reduce Oregon design life expectations for asphalt and PCC pavements. The estimated Oregon studded-tire damage for 1994 is $37 million for the state highway network, with similar damage for municipal and county roads. Alternatives are discussed to reduce the damage caused by studded tires, including a ban on studs, shortened use period, lightweight studs, user fees, and public education initiatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Kallberg, Veli-Pekka, Heikki Kanner, Tapani Mäkinen, and Matti Roine. "Estimation of Effects of Reduced Salting and Decreased Use of Studded Tires on Road Accidents in Winter." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300106.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect on road accidents of reduced salting was estimated on the basis of accident risks on bare (free of ice and snow) and slippery roads and the changes that decreased salting causes in the proportions of vehicle kilometers driven on different road surface conditions. That the risk in slippery conditions may depend on the frequency of such conditions was also taken into account. The effects of studded tires on accidents were estimated on the basis of data from mail surveys and case study accidents. The effects of the use of studded tires on driving behavior were studied in real traffic so that drivers were unaware that their driving was being monitored. The final conclusions were drawn by combining results from a number of studies. Even though the results from a single study were often more indicative than conclusive, the studies together resulted in reasonably clear implications of the direction and magnitude of the effects. It was concluded that decreasing the use of salt or studded tires from the present level (approximately 95 percent of cars use studded tires and approximately 10 T of salt is used per road kilometer each winter) would increase injury accidents in winter. Accidents would increase 26 to 30 percent if salting were decreased by 80 percent and only 20 percent if cars were equipped with studded tires.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Leppänen, Anne. "Final Results of Road Traffic in Winter Project: Socioeconomic Effects of Winter Maintenance and Studded Tires." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300104.

Full text

Abstract:

Finland is a sparsely populated country where the road network provides access even to the most remote areas of the country. All public roads maintained by the Finnish National Road Administration (FinnRA) are kept in good condition day and night throughout the year. Sodium chloride is the main substance used for chemical deicing; sanding is used only on roads with little traffic. In Finland the use of studded tires began in the early 1960s. Finland is the leading country in the use of studded tires: in winter, 95 percent of passenger cars have studded tires. The simultaneous use of salt and studded tires causes problems. To solve these problems, FinnRA launched a large research program called “Road Traffic in Winter” to evaluate alternative winter maintenance scenarios for improving social benefits. The project had nine future scenarios, representing permutations of three alternatives each for studded tire use and salting. None of the examined scenarios was more favorable than the baseline situation (current usage). When searching for the socioeconomic optimum, the accident costs become the most important factor, and the accident costs strongly support retention of the baseline situation: the use of salt and studded tires should be continued at current levels despite their drawbacks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sapozhenkov, N. O., V. S. Petrov, and D. V. Zhdanov. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF WINTER STUDDED TIRES OPERATION." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 6 (2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-6-96.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of vehicle operation by establishing patterns of change in the performance properties of winter tires and improving, on this basis, methods for adjusting the frequency of their replacement. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach, a number of private methods of the experimental-theoretical level and proven methods of processing experimental data. As a result of the analysis of key factors, the relevance of the application of repair technology for studding car tires has been substantiated. Experimental studies on measuring the braking distance and acceleration time have confirmed the need for prompt diagnostics of the residual number of studs on car tires. It was found that the efficiency of the tire as the actual number of studs decreases non-linearly and depends largely on the type of road surface used. The scientific novelty of the performed research is the regularities of braking and acceleration properties of cars operated on various road surfaces in winter conditions, taking into account the technical condition of studded tires. The practical significance of such stands is to increase the demand for this service by reducing costs and significantly reducing labor costs associated with assessing the performance of winter tires. Technological operations using portable stands can be combined with periodic maintenance or carried out with a seasonal tire change both at service stations and in motor transport companies. Further research is aimed at collecting, analyzing and systematizing data to establish the parameters of mathematical models of the most popular standard sizes of automobile winter tires, which will allow scaling the technology and reducing its cost due to mass use. Thus, the results of the on-line diagnostics of tires can be used by car owners when making timely decisions about replacement or repair, which significantly increases traffic safety and reduces the cost of operation, since if the integrity of the tread is preserved, the restoration of winter tires with repair studs almost completely restores the original properties that determine numerical values of efficiency indicators at significantly lower costs in comparison with buying a set of new tires.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lu, Jian John. "Vehicle Traction Performance on Snowy and Icy Surfaces." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1536, no. 1 (January 1996): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153600112.

Full text

Abstract:

Snow and ice have been considered the main factors that contribute to reduced vehicle traction forces and potential traffic accidents during winter. To increase a vehicle's traction on snow and icy surfaces, studded and nonstudded winter tires have been used in cold regions. However, the use of studded tires causes significant pavement damage, such as accelerated pavement rutting and pavement marking damage. Since spring 1994, the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities has asked the Transportation Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks to conduct a series of research studies related to vehicle traction performance on snow and icy surfaces in Alaska. One of the studies conducted in 1995 is summarized. The main objectives of the study were to evaluate (a) traction performance of used winter tires on roadways, (b) traction performance comparison of lightweight studded tires with other winter tires, (c) traction performance of vehicles with two front studded tires, and (d) effects of vehicle type on traction performance. Field tests were conducted on traveled roadways and in parking lots. The main traction performance measurements included stopping distances, maximum stopping deceleration forces, time necessary to reach a certain speed, and maximum starting acceleration forces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hjort, Mattias, Olle Eriksson, and Fredrik Bruzelius. "Comprehensive Study of the Performance of Winter Tires on Ice, Snow, and Asphalt Roads: The Influence of Tire Type and Wear." Tire Science and Technology 45, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.17.450304.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT This work presents a comprehensive study of the performance of winter tires on snow, ice, and asphalt. A set of 77 different winter tires were carefully selected for the study. Of these, 27 were new and 50 were worn from real traffic use. All three tire types for winter conditions (Nordic, European, and studded) were represented. All tires have been tested using a mobile tire-testing device for snow and asphalt and using a stationary tire-testing facility for ice. Both devices recorded the tire forces and motions, enabling a close to complete stationary characterization of the tires. In addition, 42 of the tires were tested on a passenger car, where brake performance was evaluated for the three different road conditions. This enables a comparative study of performance between tire types and wear for various winter road conditions. The results suggest that the recorded data represent real vehicle performance. Some conclusions from the measurements are that the effect of wear is consistent between the tire groups and that the performance degradation is most noticeable on studded tires on ice and on European tires on snow.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

ICHIHARA, Kaoru. "RECENT PROBLEMS ON STUDDED TIRES AND PAVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 354 (1985): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1985.354_13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Frith, Douglas J., Dennis A. Morian, Shelley M. Stoffels, and Steve Saboundjian. "Hard Aggregate Resistance to Studded Tires: Alaskan Experience." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1874, no. 1 (January 2004): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1874-03.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Junghard, Ola. "Estimating the traffic safety effect of studded tires." Accident Analysis & Prevention 24, no. 4 (August 1992): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(92)90048-n.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Asano, Motoki, Shintaro Tanabe, Fumihiro Hara, and Shingo Yokoyama. "Economic Evaluation of Banning Studded Tires Because of Environmental Impact." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1794, no. 1 (January 2002): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1794-11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Malmivuo, Mikko, Juha Luoma, and Markus Porthin. "Studded and unstudded winter tires in fatal road accidents in Finland." Traffic Injury Prevention 18, no. 5 (January 31, 2017): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1243239.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Fukuzaki, Norio, Takaaki Yanaka, and Yoshio Urushiyama. "Effects of studded tires on roadside airborne dust pollution in Niigata, Japan." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 20, no. 2 (January 1986): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90041-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

HOSHIKA, YASUYUKI, YUMI MOGAMI, and KIICHIRO TAGUCHI. "ANALYSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS BY PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 05, no. 04 (January 1995): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083595000307.

Full text

Abstract:

Analyses of environmental and biological specimens were carried out by PIXE. The yield of potassium (Kα line) is used as a standard for other elements. Environmental and biological samples studied here are standard polished glass beads (30/60 mesh), soil dust generated by studded tires. materials accumulated in a water supplying pipe, perfumes of China and Japan, ash. asbestos-dark, briquettes, synovial fluids, sex skin of a chimpanzee and so on. Concentrations of K, Ca, Fe and Zn in these biological samples are noticeable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Raad, Lutfi, and Jian John Lu. "Traction Performance of Transit and Paratransit Vehicles in Winter." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1731, no. 1 (January 2000): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1731-06.

Full text

Abstract:

The traction performance of transit and paratransit vehicles during the winter is an important factor in public transportation system operations. Vehicle traction forces are significantly reduced on snowy or icy surfaces, specifically during stopping, starting, cornering, and hill climbing. Reduced traction increases stopping distances and decreases controllability when a vehicle stops in an emergency situation. This study evaluated the traction performance of transit and paratransit vehicles on snowy and icy surfaces. Field tests were conducted in Fairbanks, Alaska, using three types of vehicles—a 41-passenger transit bus, a 32-passenger transit bus, and a 9-passenger paratransit vehicle. Each vehicle was tested for different combinations of tire types, including highway tires, snow tires, studded-siped tires, highway three-rib tires, all-season tires, and snow-siped tires. Tests of winter traction performance evaluated stopping distance, starting traction, hill climbing, cornering, and controllability. For similar tire combinations and surface conditions, the tested transit and paratransit vehicles had different traction performance. Results indicate that winter traction performance is significantly influenced by vehicle type, tire combination, and road surface (compacted snow or ice). Research findings and recommendations for tire combinations best suited for winter traction are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Barr, Brian Charles, Hrund Ólöf Andradóttir, Throstur Thorsteinsson, and Sigurður Erlingsson. "Mitigation of Suspendable Road Dust in a Subpolar, Oceanic Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 9607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179607.

Full text

Abstract:

Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) are a significant source of atmospheric particulate matter and microplastic loading to waterways. Road wear is exacerbated in cold climate by the widespread use of studded tires. The goal of this research was to assess the anthropogenic levers for suspendable road dust generation and climatic conditions governing the environmental fate of non-exhaust particles in a wet maritime winter climate. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the NORTRIP model for the Capital region of Reykjavík, Iceland (64.1° N). Precipitation frequency (secondarily atmospheric relative humidity) governed the partitioning between atmospheric and waterborne PM10 particles (55% and 45%, respectively). Precipitation intensity, however, increased proportionally most the drainage to waterways via stormwater collection systems, albeit it only represented 5% of the total mass of dust generated in winter. A drastic reduction in the use of studded tires, from 46% to 15% during peak season, would be required to alleviate the number of ambient air quality exceedances. In order to achieve multifaceted goals of a climate resilient, resource efficient city, the most important mitigation action is to reduce overall traffic volume. Reducing traffic speed may help speed environmental outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Aleksandrov, A. S., T. V. Semenova, and D. Yu Raskoshny. "Classification of road sections according to the degree of danger to the formation of a wear track." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 20, no. 5 (November 11, 2023): 650–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2023-20-5-650-669.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. The intensification of the motorization of the Russian population has led to a significant increase in the number of passenger cars, which in many regions are supplied with studded tires for the winter period. This circumstance led to the large-scale appearance of a certain type of ruts caused by the wear of asphalt concrete pavement from the action of studded tires and abrasive materials used to combat winter slipperiness. The track formed on the surface of road surfaces has a complex character and includes three types of tracks: structural, shear track and wear track. The contribution of each type of track to the total depth of the complex track is different and depends on the characteristics of transport loads, the properties of the coating material, and weather and climatic factors.Materials and methods. The wear track is formed in winter from the impact of studded tires, and its depth is affected by many factors: the mode and intensity of movement of cars with studded tires, the type of spikes, their number on the tire, the size of the protrusion of the working insert of the spike, the properties of asphalt concrete pavement, weather and climatic factors, as well as winter road maintenance measures. On curves of a small radius, braking or acceleration sections, as well as sections with a normal mode of movement of cars, the horizontal loads from the studded tire are different. This is due to the occurrence of various types of friction, as well as the dependence of the coefficient of adhesion of the coated tire on the speed of movement, which is variable in the braking and acceleration sections. As a result, in certain areas, the contribution of wear to the depth of the complex track is greater than in areas with a different driving mode. In the article, a study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of road sections with different traffic modes to the formation of wear ruts. A method has been developed for calculating various components of the complex trackage caused by compaction and wear of the asphalt concrete coating, as well as deformations of the underlying layers of the pavement and the roadbed.Result. Based on the data of experiments carried out on the roads of Omsk, a classification of sections according to the degree of danger to the formation of a wear track is proposed, dividing sections of urban roads into heavily worn, worn and weakly worn. Based on the analysis of data from road diagnostics performed over the past five years, the approximate service life of the coatings until the formation of a 30 mm deep track has been determined.Discussion and conclusion. The authors’ ideas about the influence of friction and the speed of movement on the process of track formation caused by wear are presented. The correspondence of the experimental data obtained by the authors of the article with the data of colleagues who performed similar studies in Russia and abroad is shown. Clarifications introduced by the authors into the generally accepted ideas about asphalt wear are explained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Schumacher, Thomas, Christopher C. Higgins, and Steven C. Lovejoy. "Detection of Vehicles with Studded Tires Using Acoustic Emission Sensors Mounted to Highway Bridges." Journal of Transportation Engineering 136, no. 5 (May 2010): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000062.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Elvik, Rune. "The effects on accidents of studded tires and laws banning their use: a meta-analysis of evaluation studies." Accident Analysis & Prevention 31, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(98)00054-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ivanov, A. M., S. R. Kristalniy, N. V. Popov, M. A. Toporkov, and M. I. Isakova. "Method of determining coupling characteristics of studded tires with slipping and experience of its application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1177 (February 2019): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1177/1/012023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lindbom, John, Mats Gustafsson, Göran Blomqvist, Andreas Dahl, Anders Gudmundsson, Erik Swietlicki, and Anders G. Ljungman. "Wear Particles Generated from Studded Tires and Pavement Induces Inflammatory Reactions in Mouse Macrophage Cells." Chemical Research in Toxicology 20, no. 6 (June 2007): 937–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx700018z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Lindbom, John, Mats Gustafsson, Göran Blomqvist, Andreas Dahl, Anders Gudmundsson, Erik Swietlicki, and Anders G. Ljungman. "Exposure to Wear Particles Generated from Studded Tires and Pavement Induces Inflammatory Cytokine Release from Human Macrophages." Chemical Research in Toxicology 19, no. 4 (April 2006): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx0503101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Svendenius, J., M. Gäfvert, F. Bruzelius, and J. Hultén. "Experimental Validation of the Brush Tire Model5." Tire Science and Technology 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.3130985.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The paper contains an experimental validation of the physically based brush-tire model toward the tire behavior in a number of different realistic conditions. Results of measurements performed with summer, winter, and studded tires on different road foundations such as wet and dry asphalt, basalt, snow, and ice are presented. The purpose behind the validation is to study the possibilities of using the brush model to estimate the friction coefficient from measurements or estimates of the longitudinal tire forces and tire slip. The sensitivity of the included tire parameters toward various factors that may change during normal run of the vehicle is also investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Gladushevskiy, I. S., and S. S. Evtyukov. "The method of calculating the braking distance on a dry asphalt concrete pavement when driving on studded tires." Вестник гражданских инженеров 16, no. 2 (2019): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2019-16-2-142-146.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Segersson, David, Christer Johansson, and Bertil Forsberg. "Near-Source Risk Functions for Particulate Matter Are Critical When Assessing the Health Benefits of Local Abatement Strategies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136847.

Full text

Abstract:

When mortality or other health outcomes attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are estimated, the same exposure–response function (ERF) is usually assumed regardless of the source and composition of the particles, and independently of the spatial resolution applied in the exposure model. While several recent publications indicate that ERFs based on exposure models resolving within-city gradients are steeper per concentration unit (μgm−3), the ERF for PM2.5 recommended by the World Health Organization does not reflect this observation and is heavily influenced by studies based on between-city exposure estimates. We evaluated the potential health benefits of three air pollution abatement strategies: electrification of light vehicles, reduced use of studded tires, and introduction of congestion charges in Stockholm and Gothenburg, using different ERFs. We demonstrated that using a single ERF for PM2.5 likely results in an underestimation of the effect of local measures and may be misleading when evaluating abatement strategies. We also suggest applying ERFs that distinguish between near-source and regional contributions of exposure to PM2.5. If separate ERFs are applied for near-source and regional PM2.5, congestion charges as well as a reduction of studded tire use are estimated to be associated with a significant reduction in the mortality burden in both Gothenburg and Stockholm. In some scenarios the number of premature deaths is more than 10 times higher using separate ERFs in comparison to using a single ERF irrespective of sources as recommended by the WHO. For electrification, the net change in attributable deaths is small or within the uncertainty range depending on the choice of ERF.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Karlsson, Helen, John Lindbom, Bijar Ghafouri, Mats Lindahl, Christer Tagesson, Mats Gustafsson, and Anders G. Ljungman. "Wear Particles from Studded Tires and Granite Pavement Induce Pro-inflammatory Alterations in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages: A Proteomic Study." Chemical Research in Toxicology 24, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx100281f.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Furberg, Anna, Rickard Arvidsson, and Sverker Molander. "Live and Let Die? Life Cycle Human Health Impacts from the Use of Tire Studs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081774.

Full text

Abstract:

Studded tires are used in a number of countries during winter in order to prevent accidents. The use of tire studs is controversial and debated because of human health impacts from increased road particle emissions. The aims of this study are to assess whether the use of tire studs in a Scandinavian studded passenger car actually avoids or causes health impacts from a broader life cycle perspective, and to assess the distribution of these impacts over the life cycle. Life cycle assessment is applied and the disability-adjusted life years indicator is used to quantify the following five types of health impacts: (1) impacts saved in the use phase, (2) particle emissions in the use phase, (3) production system emissions, (4) occupational accidents in the production system, and (5) conflict casualties from revenues of cobalt mining. The results show that the health benefits in the use phase in general are outweighed by the negative impacts during the life cycle. The largest contribution to these negative human health impacts are from use phase particle emissions (67–77%) and occupational accidents during artisanal cobalt mining (8–18%). About 23–33% of the negative impacts occur outside Scandinavia, where the benefits occur. The results inform the current debate and highlight the need for research on alternatives to tire studs with a positive net health balance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

TAMAKAWA, KATSUMI, YOHKO TAKAHASHI, YASUKO MISHIMA, TOSHIHIKO SEKI, and AKIRA TSUNODA. "Mutagenicity and benzo(a)pyrene contents in soils in Sendai city influences of particulate substances produced by studded tires of automobiles." Eisei kagaku 31, no. 5 (1985): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.31.329.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

SATO, Tsugumichi, Tadashi NIIOKA, Masaaki KURASAKI, and Yutaka KOJIMA. "Particle Numbers in Classified Sizes of Roadside Dust Caused by Studded Tires in the Air at Different Heights from the Pavement Surface." Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) 51, no. 2 (1996): 588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/jjh.51.588.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Lushnikov, Nikolay, Pyotr Lushnikov, Dmitry Nebratenko, and Vladimir Nikolaevsky. "Dynamics of rutting because of road surface wear." E3S Web of Conferences 457 (2023): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345701012.

Full text

Abstract:

The results of the road surface wear observations in different periods of the year on one of the highways are considered in the paper. Reducing the rate of wear of road surfaces by car tires is an urgent task for the Russian Federation, since the state incurs huge losses owing to this. A set of measures is necessary to reduce the wear of road surfaces, especially during the period when studded tires are used on the cars. Additional researches related to the specifics of our country are required for developing such activities. Foreign measures cannot be applied without significant modification, since each country has its own approach to solving this issue. It is necessary to fulfill a research of wear mechanisms in the “car tire – road surface” system and obtain quantitative dependences of the wear rate on some external factors to substantiate organizational and technical measures aimed at reducing road surface wear. The article presents the results of observations of the rate of increase in the track and the road surface roughness degradation are presented in the paper. The following quantitative indicators were determined as a result of observations: the rate of change in rut depth due to the road surface wear; spectral density of the microprofile of road surface roughness during its wear. Preliminary conclusions were drawn about the mechanism of road surface wear and proposals were formulated for the trend of further researches based on the results of field studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Strandroth, Johan, Matteo Rizzi, Maria Olai, Anders Lie, and Claes Tingvall. "The effects of studded tires on fatal crashes with passenger cars and the benefits of electronic stability control (ESC) in Swedish winter driving." Accident Analysis & Prevention 45 (March 2012): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.11.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tamakawa, K., Y. Takahashi, Y. Mishima, T. Seki, A. Tsunoda, Y. Hisamatsu, and H. Matsushita. "Mutagenicity and benzo[a]pyrene contents in soils of Sendai city — Influence of particulate substances produced by use of studded tires in automobiles." Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 164, no. 4 (August 1986): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(86)90115-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Pindus, Mihkel, Hans Orru, Marek Maasikmets, Marko Kaasik, and Rain Jõgi. "Association Between Health Symptoms and Particulate Matter from Traffic and Residential Heating − Results from RHINE III in Tartu." Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306401610010058.

Full text

Abstract:

Background:Traffic and residential heating are the main sources of particulate matter (PM) in Northern Europe. Wood is widely used for residential heating and vehicle numbers are increasing. Besides traffic exhaust, studded tires produce road dust that is the main source of traffic-related PM10. Several studies have associated total PM mass with health symptoms; however there has been little research on the effects of PM from specific sources.Objective:To study the health effects resulting from traffic and local heating PM.Methods:Data on respiratory and cardiac diseases were collected within the framework of RHINE III (2011/2012) in Tartu, Estonia. Respondents’ geocoded home addresses were mapped in ArcGIS and linked with local heating-related PM2.5,traffic-related PM10and total PM2.5concentrations. Association between self-reported health and PM was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results:The annual mean modelled exposure for local heating PM2.5was 2.3 μg/m3, for traffic PM103.3 μg/m3and for all sources PM2.55.6 μg/m3. We found relationship between traffic induced PM10as well as all sources induced PM2.5with cardiac disease, OR=1.45 (95% CI 1.06−1.93) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.02−1.95), respectively. However, we did not find any significant association between residential heating induced particles and self-reported health symptoms. People with longer and better confirmed exposure period were also significantly associated with traffic induced PM10, all sources induced PM2.5and cardiac diseases.Conclusion:Traffic-related PM10and all sources induced PM2.5associated with cardiac disease; whereas residential heating induced particles did not.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Nakatsuji, Takashi, Takashi Fujiwara, Toru Hagawara, and Yuki Onodera. "Snow and Ice Control System Based on Slipperiness Data Transmitted by Drivers: Usefulness of Subjective Slipperiness Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1533, no. 1 (January 1996): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153300107.

Full text

Abstract:

In Japan, the regulation of studded tires requires the establishment of new countermeasures for effective ice control on slippery roads in winter. The most important information for snow and ice control systems is determining the slipperiness of road surfaces. To detect the slipperiness simply and precisely, a monitoring system was examined in which drivers judged the slipperiness. To evaluate the suitability of such slipperiness data, three investigations were carried out: (a) the relationship between the road condition classification and the slipperiness index, (b) the effectiveness of the subdivision of road classification, and (c) the comparison of slipperiness indexes with the actual friction coefficients. To address the first problem, the road conditions were investigated for 1 month with the cooperation of 10 taxi companies. It was found that the subjective slipperiness index was more sensitive to changes in weather conditions than the road classifications, and that icy roads do not always correspond to slippery roads. That is, there was a limitation on expressing road conditions by road classification. For the second problem, a similar investigation was performed by subdividing the road conditions into more classes. It was concluded that the subdivision of road classification is not so effective in precisely representing the slipperiness of roads. For the third problem, it was clarified that the subjective slipperiness indexes more or less agree with the actual friction coefficients. As for the results, the slipperiness index showed potential for use in snow and ice control systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Tornevi, Andreas, Henrik Olstrup, and Bertil Forsberg. "Short-Term Associations between PM10 and Respiratory Health Effects in Visby, Sweden." Toxics 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060333.

Full text

Abstract:

The old Swedish city Visby, located on the island Gotland, has, for several years, reported higher PM10 concentrations than any other city in Sweden. In Visby, local limestone is used, both in road paving and as sand used for anti-slip measures, resulting in a clear annual pattern of PM10 with the highest concentrations during winter/spring when studded tires are allowed. This study analyzes the short-term associations between PM10 and daily number of patients with acute respiratory problems (ICD–10 diagnoses: J00–J99) seeking care at the hospital or primary healthcare units in Visby during the period of 2013–2019. The daily mean of PM10 was on average 45 µg m−3 during winter/spring and 18 µg m−3 during summer/autumn. Four outcome categories were analyzed using quasi-Poisson regression models, stratifying for period and adjusting for calendar variables and weather. An increase in respiratory visits was associated with increasing concentrations in PM10 during the summer/autumn period, most prominent among children, where asthma visits increased by 5% (95% CI: 2–9%) per 10 µg m−3 increase in PM10. For the winter/spring period, no significant effects were observed, except for the diagnose group ‘upper airways’ in adults, where respiratory visits increased by 1% (95% CI: 0.1–1.9%) per 10 µg m−3 increase. According to the results, limestone in particles seem to be relatively harmless at the exposure concentrations observed in Visby, and this is in line with the results from a few experimental and occupational studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Peltola, Harri. "Seasonally Changing Speed Limits: Effects on Speeds and Accidents." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1734, no. 1 (January 2000): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1734-07.

Full text

Abstract:

Summarized are the results of studies that examined the effects of speed limits that were changed on a seasonal basis on Finnish main roads. The first of these studies was an experimental study (1987–1989) in which speed limits were changed according to time of year. A follow-up study was then conducted on the resulting and greatly expanded use of lower speed limits during the winters of 1989 to 1996. Reasons for lowering wintertime speed limits involved primarily adverse road and driving conditions, including slippery roads, the use of studded tires, frequent heavy rain or snowfall, and darkness. In the 2-year study, a statistically significant accident reduction of 14 percent was detected, and the followup suggests an even greater accident reduction. This significant accident reduction was achieved by cutting mean speeds as little as 3.8 km/h. Interviews with drivers showed they accepted the lower speed limits surprisingly well, most likely because they understood the reasons for them. Although significant safety advantages have been gained in poor driving conditions, the gains have been even greater in good conditions on roads of reasonably high standard because such roads are where speed limits dropped the most. Lower wintertime speed limits have had a positive safety effect, even on roads with a fixed 100-km/h speed limit. As a result, most 100-km/h speed limit signs in Finland are now changed manually to 80 km/h at the end of October and back to 100 km/h in early March. These safety measures have proven to be both cost-effective and well accepted. Lower wintertime speed limits are now being planned in other northern European countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Romanyuk, N. N., V. N. Ednach, P. N. Logvinovich, A.-M. S Dzjasheev, M. N. Kalimullin, V. I. Shamonin, and N. P. Ayugin. "Development of the design and substantiation of the parameters of the working body for digging the roots of sugar beet." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1154, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1154/1/012049.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The article proposes an original design of the forked working body of a beet harvester designed to dig up roots from the soil, which reduces the damage to root crops through the use of elastic elements in its design, which are rubber studded tires and the creation of an additional digging force acting on them. As a result of the analysis of the work of the proposed design, it was found that when interacting with the root crop, the elastic elements partially cover its surface, while creating an additional digging force. Analytical dependences are obtained, as well as the design and kinematic parameters of the forked working body are substantiated on the average size of the sugar beet root crop, which makes it possible to substantiate the optimal operating modes of the machine, to determine the dependence of the influence of the root crop size and the translational speed of the root harvester on the rotational speed of the tip of the active fork. The calculations showed that with an increase in the operating speed of the machine in the range from 1.0 to 2.0 m/s, it is necessary to ensure an increase in the angular velocity of the rotors ωr in the range from 24 to 57.4 s−1, which corresponds to a change in their rotation frequency from 230 to 554 min−1, which ensures that root crops are not damaged from interaction with working bodies. Given the versatility of the proposed design of the working body and a wide range of harvested root crops, the number of rows of spikes should be taken equal to 18. With an optimal value of the cylinder radius of 0.036 m, the distance between the rows of spikes is 13 mm. Given the presence of soil and plant residues, the height of the elastic spikes, it is advisable to use equal to 5-7 mm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Saemann, E. ‐U, J. Hald, and A. Schuhmacher. "Sound field studies of truck tires." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426340.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Hrynyshyn, Ksenia, Volodymyr Skorokhoda, and Taras Chervinskyy. "Study on the Composition and Properties of Pyrolysis Pyrocondensate of Used Tires." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.01.159.

Full text

Abstract:

A low-temperature pyrolysis, the target product of which is pyrocondensate, is one of the options for the recycling usedtires. The fractional composition and properties of pyrocondensate of rubber waste pyrolysis obtained at an industrial plant have been studied. The pyrocondensate was separated into gasoline, diesel fraction and residue. The composition and properties of obtained productswere determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis and IR spectroscopic studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

López de la Cruz, Juan José. "TODOS LOS TIEMPO." Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no. 4 (2011): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2011.i4.13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Sakai, H. "Studies on the mechanical properties of tires." JSAE Review 16, no. 3 (July 1995): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0389-4304(95)95089-d.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Smirnov, A. O., A. F. Kolbasov, and V. P. Monakhov. "Effect of tires air pressure on operation of vehicle. Reasons for changes in tires air pressure." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 3-1 (February 10, 2015): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67233.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Loewen, Jacob A. "MISSIONARIES: DRIVERS OR SPARE TIRES?" International Review of Mission 75, no. 299 (July 1986): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6631.1986.tb01478.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Li, Hong Tao, Yu Li Shao, and Bao Liang Wang. "Approach for Quantitative Express of Tire’s Foot Print." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.652.

Full text

Abstract:

With special design and manufacture instruments, foot print of used truck tires under different combinations of vehicle load was studied in this paper. The load factor is studied in terms of wheel load and tire inflation pressure. Based on the experimental data, approach for quantitative expression of foot print is also researched. Thus, the behavior of tire-pavement contact can be quantitatively expressed The area of the tire’s footprint should be calculated with different equations varying with the kinds of pavement, and critical change point of the tire’s footprint shape should be decided with load factor varying with the kinds of pavements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Bauer, David R., John M. Baldwin, and Kevin R. Ellwood. "Correlation of Rubber Properties between Field Aged Tires and Laboratory Aged Tires." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 777–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547913.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The kinetics of aging of key tire properties both in the field and in oven exposures at different temperatures has been interpreted by using a combination of empirical models and accelerated shift factors. Crosslink density and rubber modulus increase with aging while peel strength and elongation-to-break decrease. In the case of oven aging, the rate of property change increases from 40 °C to 70 °C and then decreases. In the case of field aging, the rate of property change is greatest in hotter climates such as Phoenix and is slower in cooler climates such as Detroit. Spare tires age at a rate that is ∼70% as fast as on-road tires. Below 70 °C, the rate data for all of the aging changes can be fit to an Arrenhius relationship with an activation energy of ∼69 kJ/mole, a value that is consistent with the aging process resulting from diffusion limited oxidation. The measured acceleration factor of oven aging at 70 °C relative to on-road aging in Phoenix is independent of the property change measured confirming that it is possible to chemically age tires in ovens. It takes 6–7 weeks of oven aging at 70 °C to produce a tire that is aged 4 years in Phoenix. Field results show that the rate of tire aging varies by over a factor of 5 for the different tire types and brands studied in this work. The implications for tire durability testing are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Magner, Brigid, and Emily Potter. "Australian Studies in Uncertain Times." Journal of Australian Studies 46, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2022.2067445.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Vynohradov, Borys, and Ihor Ostashko. "Non-Waste Disposal of Used Automobile Tires." Advanced Engineering Forum 25 (November 2017): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.25.157.

Full text

Abstract:

The non-waste disposal of worn-out tires is considered, where in addition to obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels, a solid residue pyrolysis is effectively used. A technique for determining the power consumption for the grinding process has been developed. The aeromechanics of a centrifugal mill was studied. The possibility of using a grinded solid residue of pyrolysis as a substitute for technical carbon is shown.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Hrynyshyn, K. O., V. Y. Skorokhoda, and T. I. Chervinskyy. "COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF PYROCONDENSATE OF PYROLYSIS WEAR TIRES." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2021.02.028.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the options for the disposal of worn car tires is low-temperature pyrolysis, the target product of which is pyrocondensate. The fractional composition and properties of pyrocondensate of pyrolysis of rubber waste obtained at an industrial plant are studied. The pyrocondensate was separated into gasoline and diesel fraction and residue. The composition and properties of these fractions have been studied in detail. X-ray fluorescence analysis and IR spectroscopic studies of pyrocondensate and narrow fractions isolated from it were performed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!