Academic literature on the topic 'Study of economic-financial viability'
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Journal articles on the topic "Study of economic-financial viability"
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Gelashvili, Vera, Eva María Aguilar Pastor, María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas, and Maria-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano. "The economic and financial viability of sheltered employment centres." Management Decision 57, no. 9 (October 15, 2019): 2261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2017-1133.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether sheltered employment centers (CEEs) which have a higher rate of professionalization of their managers have better economic returns than those that have a lower one. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire has been drawn up for their managers. After collecting the answers, an index of professionalization classifies the CEEs with managers of high, medium and low levels of professionalism. This index is then correlated with the main financial ratios of companies. Findings The results show that companies with the highest level of managers’ professionalization, on average, have higher economic returns than companies with medium and low rates, although the difference is not very high. This study is an important contribution to academic literature, as it is the first to examine the professionalization of CEE managers. Research limitations/implications Finally, this paper is not short of limitations. The number of responses is small but there are similar studies with similar response rates. Additionally, the scarcity of responses may suggest that there is a lack of interest about the utility of professionalization by some CEEs managers because, perhaps, they do not have the necessary competences to understand its importance in management. Practical implications This study has some main implications for stakeholders: first, CEEs must pay more attention to the professionalization of their management team, because professionalization can lead to meeting its goals and guaranteeing the firm’s growth. Second, training programs in skills and attitudes should be designed to strengthen these competencies. Moreover, managers of social firms should know that the establishment of strategic plans will be useful to identify new opportunities in the market. Social implications Given the important role of these social firms for the employment of people with disabilities, training programs should be promoted by government in order to ensure the professionalization of these companies. Originality/value This research is an important contribution to the literature on this subject because there are no studies about the level of professionalization of CEEs, companies that represent an important value for the economy of a country.
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Chiran, A., Elena Gîndu, A. F. Jităreanu, C. R. Vîntu, and Adriana Măgureanu. "Solvency, Indebtedness, Rates of Return and Investment Impact on Economic and Technical Analysis Indicators (Case Study)." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0057.
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Abstract The purpose of the performed and presented financial analyzes, in the case of the two units, does not allow major discrepancies between the estimated and achieved situation. The authors have based the research on the technical-economic and financial analysis of investments, which sets economic efficiency and investments viability and assumes forecast of revenue, expenses, profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow: a) static analysis of indicators; b) dynamic analysis of indicators, c) cost-benefit analysis. Analysis of economic efficiency and sustainability of investments aimes at both static indicators of investment analysis and dynamic analysis of economic efficiency. The goal of research was to improve analyzes and economic indicators for assessing the effectiveness and sustainability of investments and the objectives targeted technical and economic analysis, solvency and viability of investments and the impact of the investment on key indicators of economic and financial technical analysis. Case studies, carried out at S.C. NORD INTERMED CONSULTING GROUP S.R.L. Dorneşti, Suceava county and S.C. ANDIMIR TOP S.R.L. Mihălăşeni, Botoşani county, led to a series of measures to improve the financial analysis of economic efficiency and sustainability of investments.
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Nagorna, Iryna V., and Viktoriia I. Benchak. "Methodical Aspects of Comprehensive Analysis of Financial Viability of Enterprise." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Economics” 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ.7(2).2020.108-116.
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Global changes in the economic environment, global processes of accounting standardization necessitate a revision of the theoretical foundations, future development of methodological approaches and guidelines for the formation of financial statements of Ukrainian enterprises. Qualitative economic information, collected and processed within the accounting system of a business entity for a reporting period, should provide the opportunity to make informed management decisions focused on optimizing the operation of an enterprise and its further development. Information, on the financial condition and results of a business entity is of interest to a wide range of participants in the business process. Based on the study of open reporting information, its users make important management decisions. That is why the issues related to the improvement of the presentation methodology and the use of financial statements are relevant. The article considers the role of a comprehensive financial analysis of an enterprise, provides theoretical and practical foundations for improving the methodology of financial reporting of an enterprise. The financial and economic activity of an enterprise on the example of the limited liability company “LEASING INVEST” was considered, the necessary calculations characterizing the financial condition of the enterprise were carried out. The analysis of the financial condition provides an opportunity to obtain an assessment, identify the causes and factors of the achieved state, prepare and justify management decisions. It plays an important role in ensuring effective management, is responsible for the selection, evaluation and interpretation of financial, economic and other data that affect the financial decision-making process
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Štaube, Tatjana, Benno Leemeijer, Sanda Geipele, Linda Kauškale, Ineta Geipele, and Jeroen Jansen. "Economic and financial rationale for age-friendly housing." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 21, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-05-2015-0015.
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Purpose This study aims to indicate the reasons and provide practical suggestions to financial viability of the age-friendly housing as a sustainable construction. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the primary and secondary literary sources, logical approach and comparisons of real estate and socio-economic regional statistics and conducts analysis of case studies. Findings The study contains the results from empirical analysis on the topicality of an age-friendly built environment in the scientific literature. Key principles are identified for a current early stage of the development of a concept of the age-friendly housing. A research on the current socio-economic aspects of the creation of an age-friendly built environment is made. The practical cases of the age-friendly housing are inspected. Timely developed age-friendly housings may expect growing demands, but thorough calculation on future income is required. Research limitations/implications The research is carried on a scale of two countries – the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Latvia. Practical implications The paper provides new developments in construction sector of Latvia and the Netherlands in terms of intention to further scientific and practical activities. The research has to identify the socio-economic aspects and the impact and importance of those in determining the revenues of age-friendly construction. Social implications Age-friendly construction is going to become the standard of the sustainable property development, whereby the developers and investors will not make additional investments as they are compensated up front, and society as a total gets the revenues on the long term. Once this “wheel is turning”, the benefits will be permanent. Originality/value Latvia is being analysed in comparison with the Netherlands. The authors challenged to find opportunities to both countries from the economic viability’s point of view for the age-friendly housing developments.
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Tinsay, Claire N., and Ma Luisa C. Catague. "Viability of Constructing a Commercial Bank Building." Philippine Social Science Journal 3, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i2.151.
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The banking system plays a critical role in the modern economic world. Banks facilitate the flow of funds in the economy and ensure the efficient allocation of financial resources. As the business grows, expansion in the form of opening new branches becomes imminent. The R. B. Bank is in its tailwinds to meet its branch operations' growth and curtail the lease's fast-rising cost. In response, the management has considered a new location site for its expansion and built a bank building that could cater to the diverse needs of its growing clientele. Hence, the study determined the viability of constructing a commercial bank building and assess its financial performance for the years 2016-2018 as the basis for making financial projections for the years 2021 to 2025. It also ascertained the cost-benefit analysis of leasing out its unused portion and explored the challenges and opportunities associated with the project.
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R, Fazalath Hussain, and Suraj V. Shivabal. "Financial Viability of Vijayanand Roadlines Limited-A Study." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 6, no. 12 (December 25, 2019): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v6i12p122.
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Guduro, Getachew Gedeno, and Angesom Hadush Desta. "Cyst Viability and Economic Significance of Hydatidosis in Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Parasitology Research 2019 (August 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2038628.
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Hydatidosis is cystic parasitosis caused by a larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus with immense economic and public health significance. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in the city municipal abattoir of Southern Ethiopia with the aim of determining prevalence and cyst fertility and estimating financial losses associated with organ condemnation. The visceral organs of about 400 cattle were examined for hydatid cysts after slaughter. Postmortem examination, cyst characterization, and direct financial loss estimations were carried out. From the total 400 cattle examined, 208 (52%) were found positive for hydatid cyst infection in one or more of their organs. A total of about 395 hydatid cysts were collected from different organs of the infected cattle. Anatomical distribution of the cysts indicated that around 245 (62.03 %) were found in lung, 91 (23.04%) in liver, 26 (6.58%) in heart, 21 (5.32%) in spleen, and 12(3.04%) in kidney. From the total 395 cysts collected, 166 (42.03%) were found fertile and 229 (57.97%) nonfertile. From the total fertile cysts, 70 (42.17%) were found to be viable and 96 (57.83%) nonviable. Furthermore, from the total nonfertile cysts, 204 (89.08%) and 25 (10.91%) were sterile and calcified, respectively. Distribution of cyst calcification was higher in liver and fertility rate was higher in the cysts of lungs. The statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of hydatidosis was found to be significantly associated with age of the studied animals (P<0.05). However, there was no significant association (P>0.05) between the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis and other risk factors such as sex, breed, body condition, and origin of animals. The annual financial loss calculated from organ condemnation was estimated about 58,114.62 USD. This study revealed that hydatidosis is a highly prevalent disease in the study area with a huge economic losses. Therefore, there is a need for immediate intervention by breaking the life cycle of the parasite to alleviate its economic impact and zoonotic risks to humans.
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Kożuch, Anna, and Magdalena Ryś. "Evaluation of the economic viability of forest management by the Forest Experimental Station in Krynica." Forest Research Papers 77, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2016-0025.
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Abstract The Forest Experimental Station (FES) in Krynica is a unit specialized in teaching activities. However, it also fulfils other educational, ecological and social functions. Additionally, as the FES in Krynica operates on the free market and needs to be competitive, primarily with respect to the raw timber prizes, it is also a forest management unit that can be subjected to economic evaluation. The aim of this study was to analyze the income, costs and overall financial outcome of the FES in Krynica for the years of 2008–2012. A financial analysis, using indicators of financial liquidity, profitability, economic activity and liabilities, was also carried out to evaluate the economic effectiveness and efficiency of the forest management unit’s operation. The data was obtained from financial documents, particularly balance sheets, as well as profit and loss accounts. In the years of 2008–2012, mean income and costs of the FES in Krynica amounted to 7 121.1 thous. PLN/year and 6 478.2 thous. PLN/year, respectively. The net financial outcome was positive and amounted to a mean of 628.8 thous. PLN/year. The proportion of the sale income compared to the total income from all activities carried out by the unit increased from 93% to 96%. This included income from the sale of products, goods and materials, which increased by 57% mainly due to an increase in the income from timber sales (ca. 83%). Costs incurred by the unit increased as well, being 40% higher in 2012 than in 2008, while the cost level indicator decreased by ca. 8%. In the examined time period, the economic effectiveness and efficiency of the unit’s operation improved, as evidenced by the increasing profits and the values of the profitability indicators. Results obtained in the comprehensive analysis of the financial situation in the FES in Krynica provide a basis for the evaluation of economic processes and for appropriate decision making concerning wealth management and the direction of future development. In the evaluation of the economic and financial activity of the FES in Krynica, the increase inprofitability in the analysed time period, as concluded from the indicator of turnover profitability, was particularly noteworthy. The financial indicator values greatly exceed reference values only on the level of financial liquidity. The liability indicators served as evidence of obvious financial independence of the FES in Krynica.
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Reier Forradellas, Ricardo Francisco, Javier Jorge-Vázquez, Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso, and Ricardo Salazar Valdivia. "Methodology to Evaluate Economic Viability Plans and Digitalization Strategies in Private Social Education Centers." Education Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040170.
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The Spanish educational system is characterized by the coexistence of three different models of production and provision of education: public, subsidized and private. Within the privately-owned centers not under the subsidized system, private schools of a social nature stand out. These schools, whose main source of financing comes from the fees paid by the students’ families, must implement financial strategies that guarantee their economic viability and allow them to develop their educational project. In a highly competitive environment, the implementation of sound financial strategies and the development of educational innovation policies are critical to ensure their survival. In this context, this study analyzes a methodological proposal that can contribute to guide this strategic policy based on two fundamental pillars: the financial viability of the center and educational innovation through the application of new technologies and innovative teaching strategies. To this end, the case method has been used as the main methodology, obtaining results that considerably improve student satisfaction and that represent economic improvements of more than €100,000 per year. From these results it has been possible to identify different possible scenarios that can condition the financial viability of the educational center, the dropout rate and the academic performance of the students.
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Salassi, Michael E., Bobby R. Eddleman, and James G. Hamill. "Economic Survivability of Mississippi Rice Farms: A Deterministic Simulation Approach." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 19, no. 2 (December 1987): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025437.
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AbstractThis study evaluates the economic survivability of rice farms in the Delta area of Mississippi. A general whole-farm simulation model, FLIPSIM V, is used to simulate the operations of representative rice farms over a 10-year period. Although farm size did not change for any of the representative farms considered, the financial structure of these farms changed considerably. Crop mix was found to cause significant differences in the economic growth and financial viability of rice farms in the region.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Study of economic-financial viability"
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Weiss, Torsten. "Wind Power Project Development : Financial Viability of Repowering with RETScreen as a Decision Aid Tool." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257684.
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There is a need for an efficient adjustment of the energy supply system towards renewable energy resources in the near future. This raises the question whether it is financially efficient to repower an onshore wind turbine or wind farm in operation with respect to specific surrounding conditions? To this purpose, the objective of this Thesis is a quantitative analysis of a wind power project repowering addressing certain legislative parameters, varying economic factors and WT models respectively. To enable this analysis, a case-study considering a number of hypothetical scenarios for repowering a wind farm in Germany has been applied. The scenarios address in particular the widely implemented limitation in overall building heights of 100m depending upon varying economical parameters. Nevertheless, this case-study applies three different WT models whereof one model matches the legislations and the other two models exceed the legislations by a varying degree in order to evaluate a potential productivity growth. The varying economic conditions are represented by a base case projection applying average wind power construction costs and financial rates whereas a best case and worst case projection consider deviating interest rates, capacity factors, investment and O&M costs respectively. The economic calculations together with the determination of the capacity factor with respect to each WT model are performed by utilising the decision aid tool RETScreen. The results obtained by this case-study show versatile economic and technological performance. WT models of minor size addressing in particular local existing legislation regarding the limitation of overall height which must not exceed 100m are inefficient regardless of varying economic conditions. Exceeding the limitation, WT models provide a significant increase in performance and thus return positive economic results independent of varying economic conditions. The main conclusion is that existing local legislations based on previous considerations from the past but which no longer correspond to the state of technology have to be questioned in general or have to be mitigated by subsidy instruments in order to support a generation shift in technology before the end of life of operational wind farms and thus promptly increase efficiency by repowering.
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Kok, F. Josephine B. de. "Economic rationality and political viability, prerequisites in economic reform? : a case study of China, 1978-1995." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a38a09c3-00b4-4a70-80f1-71d65d471d31.
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To address the research questions - How has the Chinese government been able to produce a successful reform process and what logic has been behind it? - I develop a politico-economic framework that is largely based on a public choice model by Frey and Eichenberger (1992) and a politico-economic research methodology by Bates and Kreuger (1993). Its basic assumption is that all individuals, including bureaucrats and autocrats, maximise their own power and money subject to constraints. Secondly, it assumes that, when a new leadership rises to power, it will try to start an economic reform process in order to secure its power position. Per reform period, economic reform plans are analysed on their intended effect, implementation and actual results in pure economic terms as well as in political terms (leadership's power position). The framework hypothesises that during a reform process a government will perform a constant balancing act between the political viability with the economic rationality of each individual reform measure. This hypothesis is testedJand the Chinese reform period 1978-1995. The constraints Deng Xiaoping's leadership faces are the Communist Party's rule, a very strong bureaucracy, management of state enterprises and military, the command economy with an agricultural commune system and a revenue dependency on state owned enterprises. The hypothesis largely holds for China: agricultural reforms start with liberalisation to be later on largely retracted; real state owned enterprise reforms are never implemented; rural industrial reforms boom after tax revenues could be withheld at local level; the military's civilian industries is thriving. Unwanted results are quickly changed or retracted in the following period. Also identified is that despite these efforts, unintended interlinkage effects between the different reform measures become increasingly important and difficult to assess, resulting in a great loss of power for the leadership.
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King, Richard R. "Can the conversion to organic apple production improve economic and ecological viability in the Okanagan? a case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42307.
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The viability of commercial apple production in the central Okanagan is threatened by high input costs, high land cost, restrictions on operations due to perceived and real environmental damage, and a historically oversupplied free market for apples. This paper documents the conversion of a Kelowna apple orchard to certified organic status in 2006 to 2008 and analyzes the potential of the conversion to counter some of the threats to viability of the farm.
Economic factors compared for conventional and organic farm systems are input costs, market returns (historical and projected) and changes occurring in market access for organic produce. Environmental factors discussed are differences in pest control methods, orchard nutrition, water use, and the potential environmental impact of organic philosophy on Okanagan apple production.
Organic food production and marketing in Canada is regulated by the federal government. The importance of regulation and identification of organic foods is discussed and evaluated.Study results show that conversion of a conventional apple orchard to organic production has significant potential for improving economic viability for an Okanagan apple orchard but does not conclusively demonstrate environmental improvement. Government and infrastructure support systems for organic production and marketing are limited in capacity to promote significant growth in Canada’s organic production. A threat to the observed improvement in Orchard viability by converting to organic production is the fact that the organic market is small. If a large number of producers in the Okanagan and Washington state were to convert to organic production, premiums for organic apples would likely shrink and the improved viability noted in the study might disappear.
Several recommendations are made for further research and an outline of necessary steps for those planning conversion of an Okanagan apple orchard to organic production is included.
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Baker, Kahlil. "Using product-specific fuelwood yields to assess economic viability : a case study of farm-based Gliricidia sepium and Caesalpinia velutina plantations in Nicaragua." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43232.
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Non-industrial fuelwood plantations are commonly seen as a means of improving rural livelihoods while helping to meet energy demand. However, for smallholders to invest in the establishment of fuelwood plantations, economic viability is required. Two of the greatest sources of uncertainty in evaluating the economic viability of fuelwood plantations are the effects that market-specific requirements can have on the stumpage price a plantation owner can hope to receive and the lack of appropriate growth and yield information. The primary objective of this thesis was to determine if Caesalpinia velutina and Gliricidia sepium fuelwood plantations in Nicaragua could be economically viable in the smallholder context if sold within the market place. To improve the accuracy of the economic viability assessment, a novel approach was used that forecasted fuelwood yields by market-specific product segments, thereby accounting for the effects of market requirements on differential revenues and costs. Data on market demand, product segment dimensions and prices were collected by measuring fuelwood logs and by interviewing fuelwood consuming business owners. To forecast fuelwood log volume by product segments, species-specific yield models based on three separate sub-models were developed: 1) mean diameter at breast height (DBH) predicted over time; 2) mean height as a function of mean DBH; and 3) taper as a function of mean DBH and mean height. Mortality was assumed to be zero, following establishment mortality. To assess economic viability, information on costs, discount rates, market requirements and fuelwood yields by product segment were combined using the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR). It was concluded that fuelwood plantation yields according to product-specific requirements were essential for the economic viability analysis. In the context of this study, farm-based Caesalpinia velutina and Gliricidia sepium fuelwood plantations could be economically viable over longer rotations. However, barriers to entry such as access to capital and the need for reaching economies of scale made it unlikely that fuelwood plantations could be economically viable for smallholders without institutional support.
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Lien, Oskarsson Mathias. "Systemic risks with Contingent Convertible Bonds : A simulated study in systemic risks of triggering CoCos in a stressed European banking system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376566.
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Ever since the great financial crisis of 2008 regulators have pushed toward more resilient banks, resulting in more demanding regulation and an increase of regulator’s insight and power. Through the revision of the BASEL framework, Contingent Convertible Bonds were introduced in 2010 as a part of regulatory capital and has since then grown increasingly popular. However, these instruments have never been tested in a stressed European financial system. Hence, there is no genuine information of how these instruments would behave. Neither have there been any published efforts in testing this through simulation, to the best of my knowledge. Using a temporally disaggregated augmentation of the EBA 2016 stress test, I simulate how the financial system would be affected by triggering the CoCos. Studying the implications of both low and high trigger instruments. Results indicate that there are low risks for a systemic fallout and showcases some notable differences as a result of CoCo design and type of trigger.
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Singh, Baljot. "A case study about the potential of battery storage in Culture house : Investigation on the economic viability of battery energy storage system with peak shaving & time-of-use application for culture house in Skellefteå." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52998.
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The energy demand is steadily increasing, and the electricity sector is undergoing a severe change in this decade. The primary drivers, such as the need to decarbonize the power industry and megatrends for more distributed and renewable systems, are resulting in revolutionary changes in our lifestyle and industry. The power grid cannot be easily or quickly be upgraded, as investment decisions, construction approvals, and payback time are the main factors to consider. Therefore, new technology, energy storage, tariff reform, and new business models are rapidly changing and challenging the conventional industry. In recent times, industrial peak shaving application has sparked an increased interest in battery energy storage system (BESS). This work investigated BESS’s potential from peak shaving and Time-of-use (TOU) applications for a Culture-house in Skellefteå. Available literature provides the knowledge of various BESS applications, tariff systems, and how battery degradation functions. The predicted electrical load demand of the culture-house for 2019 is obtained from a consultant company Incoord. The linear optimization was implemented in MATLAB using optimproblem function to perform peak shaving and time-of-use application for the Culture-hose BESS. A cost-optimal charging/discharging strategy was derived through an optimization algorithm by analyzing the culture-house electrical demand and Skellefteå Kraft billing system. The decisional variable decides when to charge/discharge the battery for minimum battery degradation and electricity purchase charges from the grid. Techno-economic viability is analyzed from BESS investment cost, peak-power tariff, battery lifespan, and batter aging perspective. Results indicate that the current BESS price and peak-power tariff of Skellefteå Kraft are not suitable for peak shaving. Electricity bill saving is too low to consider TOU application due to high battery degradation. However, combining peak shaving & TOU does generate more profit annually due to additional savings from the electricity bill. However, including TOU also leads to higher battery degradation, making it not currently a viable application. A future scenario suggests a decrease in investment cost, resulting in a shorter payback period. The case study also analyses the potential in the second-life battery, where they are purchased at 80 % State of Health (SoH) for peak shaving application. Second-life batteries are assumed to last until 70 % or 60 % before End of Life (EOL). The benefit-cost ratio indicates that second-life batteries are an attractive investment if batteries can perform until 60% end of life, it would be an excellent investment from an economic and sustainability perspective. Future work suggests integrating more BESS applications into the model to make BESS an economically viable project.
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O'Malley, John Richard Jr. "Electronic Data Interchange: An Inventory Perspective of Its Economic Viability and Recommendations for Information Technology Driven Implementation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37365.
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Electronic commerce (EC) in its various forms is perceived by many organizations as the way that business will be conducted in the future. Much of the current wave of interest in EC is driven by new, readily available technologies like the Internet and the World Wide Web. The excitement regarding Web Commerce has lead many to believe that EC is relatively new. In reality, EC in the form of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) has existed for 30 years and accounts for far more business than WC. It is the preferred, and often required, way of doing business with many large organizations such as the U.S. Federal Government, Ford, General Motors, and Wal-Mart.
While EDI has existed for 30 years, it has not experienced the rapid adoption rate that Web Commerce has in the last few years. Currently, less than 10 percent of U.S. businesses and less than 5 percent of world businesses utilize EDI. The adoption rates for other recent information technologies, such as the World Wide Web and e-mail, have been much higher in a much smaller time frame which leads to the question of why has diffusion of EDI occurred so slowly compared to other recent information technologies. According to Kalakota and Whinston (1996), it is not due to technology problems with EDI but instead with its benefits. This is in conflict with Emmelhainz (1990) and Sokol (1995) who point out the tremendous benefits to firms that adopt EDI.
This dissertation researches the reasons for the low EDI adoption rate based on financial benefits. It then develops an economic model that computes the cost savings which result when an EDI system is implemented. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the economic mechanisms of EDI. Based on the model developed here, recommendations are made for changing EDI to increase its market penetration. Finally, based on the recommendations an alternative EDI system, JEEDI, is developed. The financial effectiveness of the JEEDI system over existing EDI systems is then demonstrated using the economic model developed here.Ph. D.
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Maclean, Sindisile. "Assessing financial viability of selected urban and rural municipalities in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007093.
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The purpose of the research is to assess the financial viability of selected urban and rural municipalities in the Eastern Cape. Municipalities that are not financially viable and sustainable will always struggle to deliver basic services to communities. Without sound financial management systems, municipalities will be forced to discontinue their operations. Municipalities, particularly small and rural ones, are not self-sufficient and often rely on grants and transfers to satisfy their immediate short-term goal of providing basic services to satisfy the needs of their communities. Therefore, finance is regarded as an overriding and decisive factor for determining the viability of municipalities. The study seeks to investigate the financial viability of selected urban and rural municipalities in the Eastern Cape. Its key research questions are: Are municipalities able to provide sufficient funds to provide a range of services at an acceptable service level? To what extent do municipalities rely on external funding? Do municipalities have revenue collection capacity and revenue policies? The study asserts that most municipalities lack the required financial resources. They depend mainly on transfers from Provincial Government and equitable share and conditional grants from National Government. Section 152 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 8 of 1996, states, amongst other things, that Local Government should ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. The constitution further states that a municipality must strive, within its financial and administrative capacity, to achieve its objectives. The Municipal Finance Management Act, Act 56 of 2003, creates a framework for municipalities to borrow money and determine the conditions for short- and long-term borrowing. The Act assigns clear roles and responsibilities to the various role players involved in local government financial management. According to the Act, an annual budget for a municipality may only be funded from realistically anticipated revenues to be collected. As revenue projections in the budget must be realistic, the Municipal Property Rates Act, Act 6 of 2004, facilitates the collection of revenue in municipalities and establishes a uniform property rating system across South Africa. Property tax is the biggest element of local government tax revenue and is central to municipal finance. The Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000, amongst its objectives, provides for the manner in which municipal powers and functions are exercised as well as establishes a simple framework for the core processes of planning, performance management and resource mobilisation. The Act also provides a framework for public administration and human resource development. Finally, it also empowers the poor and ensures that municipalities put in place service tariffs and credit control policies that take their needs into account. The research contends that, whilst there is legislation and structures to assist and direct municipalities, it has been established that municipalities do not properly collect rates and taxes due to them to augment their revenue. The study has shown nevertheless that metropolitan municipalities have the capacity to collect revenue for municipal services. This is confirmed by their collection rate which ranges between 94 % and 97 %. There is also the culture of non-payment by communities for services rendered by the municipalities. Rural municipalities are exempted from property tax, while other rural municipalities who have an urban component, have to collect. There is also the question of unemployment and poverty. Consequently, municipalities are not self-sufficient and rely on grants and equitable share to survive. As a result of this lack of self-sufficiency, it is difficult to implement service delivery and also difficult to attract skilled personnel. The study has investigated why some municipalities fail to collect revenue and depend on national grants. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings of the quantitative paradigm have been presented in the form of graphs and charts. The major findings include: All municipalities have limited borrowing capacity; have not exceeded their budgets in terms of their spending; small municipalities have households as their main contributor of revenue collected; metropolitan municipalities get the big slice of their revenue from business; small and rural municipalities rely on grants and transfers and are therefore not financially viable; metropolitan municipalities are, to a great extent, financially viable but lack skills and capacity to utilize their resources for effective service delivery; and all municipalities under-spend their budgets. The study, after elaborating on the findings, makes recommendations on how municipalities should become financially viable.
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Costa, Cristiana Filipa Gomes. "Viabilidade económico-financeira de projeto de criação de negócio têxtil." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19988.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA existência de uma relação precária entre a cadeia de lojas BalletShop- composta por 5 lojas, localizadas na área centro e sul do país - e um dos seus maiores fornecedores de artigos de vestuário, que potenciará uma eminente cessação do contrato entre ambas as partes, foi a situação que despoletou a ideia do negócio em análise. Desse modo, o presente projeto propõe a criação de um negócio de produção de vestuário de dança, que se caracteriza por ser um negócio de reduzida dimensão, no entanto, com uma previsão favorável de crescimento, dado que irá atuar num nicho de mercado pouco explorado em Portugal, mas com bastante potencial, não só nacional, como internacionalmente. Para esse efeito, prevê-se a produção de quatro produtos - maillots, tutus cueca, saias de trespasse fixo e saias de pontas - , através de uma estratégia de diferenciação, no entanto tentando sempre otimizar o indicador qualidade/preço. Para a implementação do presente projeto será necessário um investimento de, aproximadamente, 19.000€ em maquinaria e equipamento diverso. A elaboração rigorosa e detalhada a nível técnico do presente projeto foi possível graças a uma investigação exaustiva acerca do tema e do setor, às entrevistas efetuadas às promotoras do projeto, e ao apoio e colaboração de diversas pessoas relacionadas com o empreendimento em análise e com a área a que este diz respeito. O resultado evidenciou um projeto viável e atrativo de investimento, suportado por resultados económico-financeiros, mesmo quando equacionando alguns cenários mais pessimistas.
The existence of a precarious relationship between the BalletShop chain of stores - made up of 5 stores - and one of its largest suppliers of dance wear, which will lead to an imminent termination of the contract between both parties, it was the situation that triggered the idea of the business under analysis. Thus, this project proposes the creation of a dance wear production business, which is characterized by being a small business, but with a favorable growth forecast, as it will operate in a little explored niche market in Portugal, but with a lot of potential, not only nationally but also internationally. To achieve this purpose, it is planned the production of four products - maillots, tutus and two types of skirts -, through a differentiation strategy, however always trying to optimize the quality/price indicator. To implement this project will be required an investment of, approximately, 19.000€ in machinery and equipment. The rigorous and detailed technical elaboration of this project was possible thanks to a thorough research on the theme and the sector, to the interviews carried out with the project promoters and the support and collaboration of several people related to the project under analysis and the area to which it relates. The result evidenced a viable and attractive investment project, supported by economic and financial results, even when equating some pessimistic scenarios.
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Bagge, Laura. "An investigation of the economic viability and ethical ramifications of video surveillance in the ICU." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/943.
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The purpose of this review of literature is to investigate the various roles of video surveillance (VS) in the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) as well as its legal and ethical implications. Today, hospitals spend more money on the ICU than on any other unit. By 2030, the population of those 65 and over is expected to double. 80% of older adults have at least one chronic diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). As a consequence, the demand for ICU services will likely increase, which may burden hospital with additional costs. Because of increasing economic pressures, more hospitals are using video surveillance to enhance quality care and reduce ICU costs (Goran, 2012). Research shows that VS enhances positive outcomes among patients and best practice compliance among hospital staff. The results are fewer reports of patient complications and days spent in the ICU, and an increase in reported hospital savings. In addition, VS is becoming an important tool for the families of newborns in the neonatal ICU (NICU). The belief is that the VS can facilitate parent-baby bonding. In the United States of America, privacy rights impose legal restrictions on VS. These rights come from the U.S. Constitution, Statutory law, Regulatory law, and State law. HIPPA authorizes the patient to control the use and disclosure of his or her health information. Accordingly, hospitals are under obligation to inform patients on their right to protected health information. It is appropriate that hospitals use VS for diagnostic purposes as long as they have obtained patient consent. According to modern day privacy experts Charles Fried and Alan Westin, a violation of a person's privacy equates a violation on their liberty and morality. However, if a physician suspects that a third party person is causing harm to the patient, than the use of covert VS is justifiable.B.S.N.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
Books on the topic "Study of economic-financial viability"
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Zeddies, J. Viability of farms: Study. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1991.
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Chaturvedi, Vaibhav. Financial viability of irrigation co operatives: An exploratory study in Gujarat. Ahmedabad: Development Support Centre, 2009.
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K, Sharma R. Research study on economic and social viability of agro-processing industries in India. New Delhi: African-Asian Rural Development Organisation, 2012.
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Lery, J. M. Economic viability of marine capture fisheries: Findings of a global study and an interregional workshop. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1999.
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Moyo, Sam. Agricultural collective co-operativisation: A case study of the socio-economic viability of the Makoni District Union OCCZIM collectives. Harare: Zimbabwe Institute of Development Studies, 1991.
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Henderson, Blaine J. Financial viability, curricular philosophy, and graduate employability at the Shingwauk and Wawanosh homes: A case study of two early Canadian residential schools. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2007.
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Hines, Deborah A. Financial viability of smallholder reforestation in Viet Nam. Hanoi: United Nations Development Programme, 1995.
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Mayer, Wolfgang. On the viability of conditional assistance programs. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2005.
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Economic democracy and financial participation: A comparative study. London: Routledge, 1992.
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D'Art, Daryl. Economic democracy and financial participation: A comprative study. New York: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Study of economic-financial viability"
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Segura Asensio, E., J. M. Pinar Pérez, and F. P. García Márquez. "Economic Viability Study for Offshore Wind Turbines Maintenance Management." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 235–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47241-5_19.
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Tinoco, Dellano Jatobá Bezerra, and Samira Yusef de Araújo Falani. "Investigation of the Productive Process in the Saline Industry: Case Study Based on Economic Viability." In Operations Management for Social Good, 829–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23816-2_82.
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Abberger, Klaus, and Wolfgang Nierhaus. "Findings of the Signal Approach: A Case Study for Kazakhstan." In Empirical Economic and Financial Research, 327–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03122-4_20.
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Aam, Shaista, and Ayesha Khatoon. "Financial Inclusion Leads to Export Market Penetration: A Panel Study on Asian and African Countries." In Economic Growth and Financial Development, 57–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79003-5_4.
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Papoutsi, Fani A. "Creativity Development and Educational Expenditures: An Exploratory Study." In Economic and Financial Challenges for Eastern Europe, 379–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12169-3_25.
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Chen, Yunxian. "Local Economic Development and Financial Support—A Study of Chinese Financial Hierarchy." In National Finance, 59–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6092-1_3.
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Siddiqui, Taufeeque Ahmad, and Kashif Iqbal Siddiqui. "Financial Inclusion and Telecommunication in India : A Study on Spillover Effect." In Trade, Investment and Economic Growth, 341–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6973-3_19.
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Fotis, Panagiotis. "The Relationship Between Efficiency Measures and Environmental Pollution: An Empirical Study." In Economic and Financial Challenges for Eastern Europe, 473–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12169-3_32.
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Farhang, Sadegh, Aron Laszka, and Jens Grossklags. "An Economic Study of the Effect of Android Platform Fragmentation on Security Updates." In Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 119–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58387-6_7.
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Čaušević, Fikret. "The Fastest-Growing Economies and Financial Openness." In A Study into Financial Globalization, Economic Growth and (In)Equality, 47–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51403-1_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Study of economic-financial viability"
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Fialho, Joana, Pedro Pinto, and Ana Lucia Gomes. "Photovoltaic system for self-consumption — An economic viability study." In 2017 International Conference in Energy and Sustainability in Small Developing Economies (ES2DE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/es2de.2017.8015337.
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Wells, Jaeger, and Paul Sansom. "Offshore Methane Hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico: A Study in Economic Viability." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25739-ms.
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"A STUDY ON FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF INTRODUCTION OF BUS ROUTES OF BANGALORE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT CORPORATION." In International Conference on Research in Business management & Information Technology. ELK ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.bm.icrbit-2015.24.
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Browder, Becca, and Dava J. Newman. "Economic Viability of Commercial Spaceports: A Case Study of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport." In ASCEND 2020. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-4036.
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Holla, Suchitra G., Suresh H. Jangamshetti, and Angadi B. Raju. "Selection of Wind Turbine Generator based on Reliability and Economic Viability - A Case Study." In Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.800-057.
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Akhtar, Zainab, and K. V. S. Rao. "Study of economic viability of 200 MW solar chimney power plant in Rajasthan, India." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808689.
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Wong, Kau-Fui V., and Thomas Kuhn. "A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Viability of STEM and Other Fields of Study." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43341.
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Finding a high paying job in an expanding market is a challenging goal that many people face today. The current work addresses the issue, principally to aid parents, college undergraduates and high school seniors. With many different options available, it is important to identify those options that can lead to economic success with expected job growth. One measure that can be used is monthly income. Looking at the past values for monthly income will give a good idea of which fields are high paying. It is also necessary to project future monthly income based on field of baccalaureate degree earned in order to accurately see what direction the fields are headed financially. Applying the data available to various stationary and trend based models will allow predictions to be made for the future monthly earnings for a field. This paper will aim to validate STEM as a viable option to choose for high pay and increased job growth.
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Al-Jaafreh, Mohammad, Geev Mokryani, Abdalfettah asharaa, and Rana Zubo. "Techno-Economic Viability Test of Renewable Energy Supply Options in Developing Countries: Jordan Case Study." In Proceedings of the 1st International Multi-Disciplinary Conference Theme: Sustainable Development and Smart Planning, IMDC-SDSP 2020, Cyperspace, 28-30 June 2020. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-6-2020.2298211.
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Gharbia, Yousef, and Mohammed Anany. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Installing Solar PV Systems on Gas Stations’ Rooftops in Kuwait." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70156.
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Considering the fact that Kuwait receives annual global irradiation of about 2088 kWh/m2, the potential for utilizing solar energy for electric power generation cannot be overlooked. Micro-grid connected PV plants are one important option for the energy mix that can be pursued to meet part of the future demand for energy. To assess the viability of such option, we investigated the technical and the economic feasibility of installing PV solar panels on local gas stations’ rooftops. Gas stations were targeted because of their unobstructed flat rooftops and being mostly far away from high-rise buildings and other shade-causing objects. The daily and monthly energy consumption data of one typical gas station were used in this study. PVsyst software was used to determine the optimal technical parameters of the system. The available rooftop area of the gas station, fitted with the selected PV models and the inverters resulted in an installed capacity of 77.3 kWp. The system was able to generate 121.3 MWh/year which covers about 72 % of the annual energy consumption of the gas station. Factors affecting the system output such as near shading, soiling, and temperature effects were considered. The economic analysis of the system estimated the cost of kWh to be around $ 0.088. The overall cost of the system incurred during its lifetime (25 years), including inverters replacement cost, maintenance cost, and financial cost, was about $ 269,200.
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Castell, Albert, Pere Margalef, Marc Medrano, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Scott G. Samuelsen. "Economic Viability of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Working With Biogas." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65259.
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Catalonia (Spain) has a significant potential of biogas production from agricultural activities and municipal waste. In addition, there are plenty of industrial cogeneration plants, but most of them use conventional fuels such as natural gas, and conventional energy conversion devices, such as internal combustion engines. Molten carbonate fuel cells are ultra-clean and highly efficient power generator devices capable of converting biogas into electricity and heat. Located in Lleida (Catalonia), Nufri is a fruit processing company with a long tradition on biogas production and cogeneration, with an installed capacity bigger than 4.5 MW. This study analyzes the economic viability of a fuel cell operating on biogas in Spain, on a real case basis (Nufri). Different fuel cell capacities are analyzed (from 300 kW to 1200 kW). A parametric study of different fuel cell prices ($/kW installed) is performed. Additional biogas cleanup requirements are taken into account. The results are based on the Spanish legislation, which establishes a special legal framework that grants favorable, technology-dependent feed-in premiums for renewable energy and cogeneration. Results show that the payback period ranges from 5 to 8 years depending on the fuel cell capacity and installation price.
Reports on the topic "Study of economic-financial viability"
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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.
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The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.
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Kramer, Robert. LED Street Lighting Implementation Research, Support, and Testing. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317274.
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This report describes the results of technical analysis, field tests, and laboratory tests that were performed for LED highway lighting options by the Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center (EERC) at Purdue University Northwest for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This effort was conducted over the past 3 years to evaluate and test the technology and viability of using modern highway lighting technology to enhance energy efficiency, safety, security, and economic development of communities and roadways. During the testing period there was a continuous discussion between INDOT and EERC regarding the laboratory and field testing of INDOT approved luminaires submitted by vendors. There were multiple discussions with INDOT and vendors regarding the individual details and issues for the 29 luminaires that were tested. A comparison study was conducted by EERC of the various alternatives and comparison to currently installed luminaires. Data was collected for field tests of the luminaires by EERC and INDOT personnel for the luminaires. Field data was evaluated and compared to lighting models using vendor supplied ies data files. Multiple presentations were made at 3 separate Purdue Road Schools regarding the results and procedures of the testing program by EERC in conjunction with INDOT. A total of 22 final reports, considered confidential by INDOT, for individual vendor luminaires have been prepared as part of this effort. These reports were submitted sequentially to INDOT as testing was completed during the course of this effort. A total of 29 luminaires were tested. Some luminaire testing was terminated during testing due to design issues or vendor requests. All testing was summarized in the INDOT specification sheet attached to each report. Observations regarding the consistency of the supplied test luminaire with the requirements of Section 7.2 of the INDOT test procedure “Procedure for evaluation and approval list requirements for solid state ballasted luminaires ITM 957-17P” is provided in the Appendix to the report for each luminaire. Details regarding how these tests were performed and the respective associated evaluation of performance and reliability are provided in the report. This effort included: consideration of published and vendor information; appraisal of products consistent with national industry standards; review of physical design, thermal performance; laboratory testing of photopic performance, reliability, life cycle data and characteristics, and power characteristics; technical and probabilistic risk studies; and field testing and analysis of LED light sources including comparison to currently installed conventional light sources. Assistance in preparing INDOT standards for highway lighting was provided on multiple occasions.
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Sabatelle, Jason, Adonis Caramintzos, and Jamie McCall. Small Business COVID-19 Lending Programs: Fostering Social Capital and Financial Stability. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/covid.lending.
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In times of crisis, investment in entrepreneurial ventures tends to decline. Early data suggest the decline in small business investments due to the pandemic will be historic in scope and depth. Community development lending practices aim to sustain small firms until they can resume their normal course of business. Affordable financing provides capital injections into small businesses which can help to cushion against COVID-19 induced economic shocks. Using Carolina Small Business Development Fund’s lending data as a case study, this analysis considers the effect of COVID-19 response programs. These activities are oriented towards creating a “social safety net” of Main Street businesses that boost social capital development, community trust, and financial stability. We believe the findings are likely generalizable to lending activities by other community development financial institutions.
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Nampanya, Sonevilay, Syseng Khounsy, and Peter Windsor. Assessment of socio-economic impacts of foot and mouth disease vaccination programmes in northern and central provinces Lao PDR (STANDZ Programme, 2017). O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2778.
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This study received financial support from the OIE SRR-SEA and the AusAID programmes called STANDZ, with some fieldwork support from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR projects AH/2012/068 and AH/2012/067).
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Fan, Li, and Veronica Mendizabal Joffre. The Gender Dimension of Sustainable Consumption and Production: A Microsurvey-Based Analysis of Gender Differences in Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200401-2.
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Using microsurveys conducted in the People’s Republic of China over the past 2 decades, this paper explores the individual preferences among men and women toward sustainable consumption and production—the concept of doing more with less and decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation. The study finds that women exhibit greener living and working habits than men. However, women—regardless of education, rural–urban setting, or age—are impacted by time poverty, low political participation, limited awareness, gender norms, and, for younger and older women, financial limitations. To encourage and increase women’s capacity in shaping environmental solutions, economic and political gender gaps must be addressed and awareness on the impact of consumption needs to be strengthened.
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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.
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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
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Potential minability and economic viability of the Antaramut-Kurtan-Dzoragukh coal field, north-central Armenia; a prefeasibility study. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b2178.
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Updated market study and economic, financial and credit analysis of the proposed Dar es Salaam Maritime Gateway Program (DSMGP) in the port of Dar es Salaam. Evidence on Demand, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_cr.september2015.knapenn1.
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Exploring the Prospects of Using 3D Printing Technology in the South African Human Settlements. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0074.
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South Africa is a country with significant socio-economic development challenges, with the majority of South Africans having limited or non-existent access to basic infrastructure, services, housing and socio-economic opportunities etc. The urban housing backlog currently exceeds 2.4 million houses, with many families living in informal settlements. The Breaking New Grounds Policy, 2014 for the creation of sustainable human settlements, acknowledges the challenges facing human settlements, such as, decreasing human settlements grants allocation, increasing housing backlog, mushrooming of informal settlements and urbanisation. The White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), 2019 notes that South Africa has not yet fully benefited from the potential of STI in addressing the socio-economic challenges and seeks to support the circular economy principles which entail a systematic change of moving to a zero or low waste resource-efficient society. Further to this, the Science and Technology Roadmap’s intention is to unlock the potential of South Africa’s human settlements for a decent standard of living through the smart uptake of science, technology and innovation. One such novel technology is the Three-Dimensional (3D) printing technology, which has produced numerous incredible structures around the world. 3D printing is a computer-controlled industrial manufacturing process which encompasses additive means of production to create 3D shapes. The effects of such a technology have a potential to change the world we live in and could subsequently pave the roadmap to improve on housing delivery and reduce the negative effects of conventional construction methods on the environment. To this end, the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), in partnership with the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) and the University of Johannesburg (UJ) hosted the second virtual IID seminar titled: Exploring the Prospects of Using 3D Printing Technology in the South African Human Settlements, on 01 March 2021 to explore the potential use of 3D printing technology in human settlements. The webinar presented preliminary findings from a study conducted by UJ, addressing the following topics: 1. The viability of 3D printing technology 2. Cost comparison of 3D printed house to conventional construction 3. Preliminary perceptions on 3D printing of houses Speakers included: Dr Jennifer Mirembe (NDoHS), Dr Jeffrey Mahachi, Mr Refilwe Lediga, Mr Khululekani Ntakana and Dr Luxien Ariyan, all from UJ. There was a unanimous consensus that collaborative efforts from all stakeholders are key to take advantage of this niche technology. @ASSAf_Official; @dsigovza; @go2uj; @The_DHS; #SA 3D_Printing; #3D Print_Housing; #IID
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.
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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor