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Journal articles on the topic 'Stump decay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hickman, Gary W., and Ed Perry. "Evaluation of Products to Enhance Tree Stump Decay." HortTechnology 4, no. 4 (1994): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.4.367.

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Three commercially available tree stump removal products: Dexol Stump Remover, Cooke Stump Remover & Potassium Nitrate, and Lily/Miller Stump Remover and Potassium Nitrate, as well as three nitrogen-containing fertilizers—potassium nitrate (13-0-45), ammonium nitrate (34-0-0), and ammonium sulfate (21-0-0), were evaluated for their ability to hasten decomposition of the stumps of two tree species [Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Paulownia tomemtosa (Thunb.) Steud.]. None of the products accelerated decay in either species after 8 weeks.

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2

Xie, Zhushan, Xiang Liang, Haiyu Liu, Xiangsheng Deng, and Fei Cheng. "Nutrient Element Stocks and Dynamic Changes in Stump–Root Systems of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis." Forests 15, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010001.

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Stump–root systems consist of aboveground stumps and underground coarse roots after timber harvesting. Stump–root systems are the primary source of coarse woody debris (CWD) in plantations, and they play a crucial role in the material cycle, energy flow, and biodiversity of Eucalyptus plantation ecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge about the changes in elemental stock within this CWD type during decomposition. To address this gap, we conducted a study on Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis stump–root systems at various times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years) after clearcutting. Our aim

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3

Vais, Andrey, Alexandra Melnik, Artem Nepovinnykh, Alina Andronova, and Pavel Mikhaylov. "Evaluating stumps volume in managed, protective pine stands of the subtaiga forest-steppe region of Middle Siberia." E3S Web of Conferences 525 (2024): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452502007.

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The article evaluates the stump reserves in pine forests of the subtaiga-forest-steppe region of Central Siberia. It was found that in stands with high density (relative density above 1.0) and high productivity (I– II productivity classes), the stump stock ranged from 0.23 to 2.21 m3 per ha 1. The proportion of stump wood in the total timber stock ranged from 0.04% to 0.44%. The majority of stumps (39.1%) were in the 2nd decay class, indicating that the silvicultural practices used in the area were implemented over a decade ago. The mass of stumps ranged from 0.07 to 0.70 t per ha-1, while the

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4

Kauppi, A., K. Paukkonen, and H.-L. Tela. "The role of phenols in sprouting and wood decay of birches." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 7 (1991): 1066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-146.

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Changes in the total phenol content after coppicing of Betulapubescens Ehrh. were studied in the stumps, basal buds at different stages of growth, and sprouts of various ages to determine the role of phenols in sprouting. The phenol content of the wood at the cut surface of stumps had clearly decreased 24 h after cutting, and another apparent decrease occurred about 2 weeks later, when the suppressed buds on the stump started developing. High phenol levels were maintained the longest in the light wood of the inner parts of the stump, but remained relatively low in the brown, mycelium-containin

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5

Filip, Gregory M., Craig L. Schmitt, and Kevin P. Hosman. "Effects of Harvesting Season and Stump Size on Incidence of Annosus Root Disease of True Fir." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 2 (1992): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/7.2.54.

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Abstract A high frequency (89%) of annosus root disease caused by Heterobasidion annosum was found in true fir stumps cut 5 to 10 years earlier in northeastern Oregon. Neither season of harvesting nor stump size significantly affected the amount of stump decay which averaged 51%. Another root pathogen, possibly a species of Armillaria heretofore not recorded in Oregon, was often found in H. annosum-infected stumps. Additional surveys and research are recommended in true fir forests throughout western North America. West. J. Appl. For. 7(2):54-56.

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6

Filip, Gregory M., Craig L. Schmitt, and Kristen L. Chadwick. "Incidence of Heterobasidion annosum in Mixed-Conifer Natural Regeneration Surrounding Large True Fir Stumps 20–25 Years after Harvesting in Northeastern Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 4 (2006): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.4.178.

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Abstract High-elevation true fir stands on federal lands have a long history of selective harvesting. In 1989 a high frequency (89%) of Heterobasidion annosum, the cause of annosus root disease, was found in residual true fir stumps (mean, 20-in. diameter) cut 5–9 years earlier in northeast Oregon. In 2004, H. annosum was found at the stump surface of 29% of the natural conifer regeneration (mean, 18 years) within 20 ft of infected residual stumps. A total of 16 of 122 (13%) live saplings had H. annosum–caused stain or decay. Only 3% of 126 sample trees, however, were dead and infected by H. a

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7

Kurvits, Vahur, Peeter Muiste, Allar Padari, and Veiko Uri. "Hariliku kuuse (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) kändude juurimise tootlikkus juurimisagregaadiga Pallari KH-160 neljal Eesti katsealal." Forestry Studies 79, no. 1 (2023): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0011.

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Abstract The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the productivity of the stump lifting device Pallari KH-160, the distribution of working time, and to assess the dependence of the time and productivity of lifting operations on stump diameter in four different sample areas. Viru and Orguse sample areas were located in the Hepatica site type, Elva sample area in the Oxalis site type, and Rõuge test area in the Myrtillus site type. Viru sample area had smaller stumps compared to the others and had more stumps affected by decay. The highest productivity in terms of dry mass or volume w

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8

Tarmu, Toomas, Andres Kiviste, Ain Näkk, Allan Sims, and Diana Laarmann. "The Application of Sonic Tomography (PiCUS 3 Sonic Tomograph) to Detect and Quantify Hidden Wood Decay in Managed Norway Spruce Stands." Forests 13, no. 8 (2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081260.

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Tree mortality plays a vital role in the accuracy of growth and yield calculations. Economic loss caused by Heterobasidion sp. and Armillaria sp. is a common issue in forestry. Estonian forests, which are mostly managed, are susceptible to fungal infection due to freshly exposed wood surfaces, such as stumps and mechanical wounds. External signs of infection are often scarce and may lead to incorrect stand vitality valuation. Modern devices, such as the PiCUS 3 Sonic Tomograph, can be used for non-destructive decay assessment. We assessed decay in two intensively managed Norway spruce (Picea a

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9

Vartiamäki, Henna, Jarkko Hantula, and Antti Uotila. "Effect of application time on the efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum treatment against the sprouting of birch in Finland." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 4 (2009): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-009.

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To test the effect of application time on the efficacy of a biological control agent to prevent sprouting of cut stumps, birches ( Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were cut and stumps treated with a decay fungus ( Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar) at different times during one growing season. Applications were conducted at 2 week intervals. The presence of fruiting bodies was examined three times during the 2 years following treatment. Sprouting was measured twice. Fructification was most abundant 1 year after the treatment, and the frequency of stumps with fruiti

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10

Lackner, Tomáš, Birgit Reger, Cynthia Tobisch, and Volker Zahner. "The Potential of Artificial Snags to Promote Endangered Saproxylic Beetle Species in Bavarian Forests." Diversity 16, no. 5 (2024): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16050270.

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The creation of artificial snags, so-called high stumps, within forest management operations is a recently established tool to enrich standing deadwood as a habitat for saproxylic species. In this study, we analysed the impact of active high stump management on saproxylic beetle species. We selected 63 high stumps in six Bavarian forest districts (Germany), which were felled and subjected to close examination, focusing on beetle (Coleoptera) colonization. We identified 63 emerged coleopteran species belonging to 29 families; a further 10 taxa were identified only at the genus or family level,

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11

Lombardi, Fabio, Paolo Cherubini, Bruno Lasserre, Roberto Tognetti, and Marco Marchetti. "Tree rings used to assess time since death of deadwood of different decay classes in beech and silver fir forests in the central Apennines (Molise, Italy)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 4 (2008): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-195.

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We investigated the relationship between time since death and morphological characteristics of Abies alba Mill. (European silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) stumps in two forest stands in the central Apennines. At each site, 15 or 16 living trees were selected, and increment cores were collected to build master ring-width chronologies. For both sites, cross sections were collected from stumps. Samples were assigned to visually discernible decay classes, and their death date dendrochronologically determined. Using cross-dating techniques, stumps cross-dated significantly with s

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12

Tian, Suzhong, та William D. Ostrofsky. "Butt and Root Decay in Precommercially Thinned SpruceߝFir Stands". Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, № 2 (2007): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.2.129.

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Abstract To test the effect of precommercial thinning (PCT) on butt decay development, 10 commercial thinning size spruceߝfir stands that were precommercially thinned 10ߝ24 years ago and seven unthinned (UT) control stands were assessed for butt decay incidence. The data indicate that PCT did not increase butt decay incidence for either red spruce or balsam fir compared with UT control stands. However, butt decay incidence increased with dbh, height, age, and years of PCT for balsam fir. These relationships were not found for red spruce. No significant PCT treatment effect was found for either

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13

LeMay, Valerie M. "Percent decay estimation using decayed wood area at breast or stump height." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 2 (1993): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-041.

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The estimation of tree percent decay is important for estimating the quantity and quality of wood available for timber products. Several different independent variables have been used to estimate the percent decay of standing trees, but often the resulting percent decay predictions are poor. Other independent variables are required for more precise prediction of percent decay. The objective of this study was to examine the use of percent decay area measured at breast or stump height as a possible variable for estimating tree percent decay. Data used in testing included one species group, true

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14

Lewis, Katherine J., and Everett M. Hansen. "Survival of Inonotustomentosus in stumps and subsequent infection of young stands in north central British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 7 (1991): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-144.

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Distribution of tomentosus root disease in spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and P. glauca × engelmannii Engelm.) and pine (Pinusconforta var. latifolia Engelm.) stumps in 1- to 30-year-old harvest units, survival of Inonotustomentosus (FR) Teng in stumps, and infection of regeneration trees were examined by transect surveys and root excavations. The number of diseased stumps ranged from 8 to 71 per hectare (2.1–27.5%); these were in patches, commonly two to three stumps each. Viable mycelium was found in 80 and 53% of the 30-year-old spruce and pine stumps, respectively. Distal growth by I. t

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15

Ota, Takayuki, Takashi Masaki, Hisashi Sugita, Tatsuo Kanazashi, and Hisashi Abe. "Properties of stumps that promote the growth and survival of Japanese cedar saplings in a natural old-growth forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 11 (2012): 1976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-141.

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In a natural forest that has experienced logging and lacks large fallen logs, cut stumps are expected to become a suitable substrate for regeneration. We investigated the properties of stumps that promoted the natural regeneration of coniferous species in a natural old-growth forest dominated by Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don. A comparison of C. japonica saplings growing in three microsites (ground, stumps, and fallen logs) revealed that sapling density was highest on the stumps; 75% of saplings were distributed on stumps, which occupied only 3% of the projected forest area. The mortality

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16

Sullivan, Kelly F., Gregory M. Filip, John V. Arena, Stephen A. Fitzgerald, and Steven D. Tesch. "Incidence of Infection and Decay Caused by Heterobasidion annosum in Managed Noble Fir on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 3 (2001): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/16.3.106.

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Abstract On the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in north-central Oregon, a 70- to 80-yr-old noble fir stand that was thinned 26 yr prior to sampling exhibited 72% incidence of H. annosum infection for wounded trees and 83% for unwounded trees. Decay volume averaged 6% in wounded trees and 1% in unwounded trees. In a similar stand that was thinned 7 yr prior to sampling, incidence of infection was 94% for wounded trees and 80% for unwounded trees. Decay volume averaged 3% in wounded trees and 0% in unwounded trees. Trunk wounds and stumps created from thinning both appeared to be effective infe

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17

Filip, Gregory M. "Symptom Expression of Root-Diseased Trees in Mixed Conifer Stands in Central Washington." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 1, no. 2 (1986): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/1.2.46.

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Abstract Two proposed seed-orchard sites on the Wenatchee and Gifford Pinchot National Forests were examined prior to tree felling and land clearing to evaluate root-disease symptom expression in three species of conifers (Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii], grand fir [Abies grandis], and ponderosa pine [Pinus ponderosa]. About half of the trees within infected areas had roots decayed by one of three principal root pathogens, Armillaria ostoyae, Phellinus weirii, and Fomes annosus, as determined from totally excavated root systems. Trees with above-ground symptoms had significantly moreroot d

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18

Eberhardt, Thomas L., Philip M. Sheridan, and Jolie M. Mahfouz. "Monoterpene persistence in the sapwood and heartwood of longleaf pine stumps: assessment of differences in composition and stability under field conditions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 7 (2009): 1357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-063.

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Monoterpenes in exudates, phloem, and sapwood have received considerable attention relative to the active defenses of pine trees. However, little is known about the composition and function of the heartwood monoterpenes. To address this deficiency, monoterpene contents and relative compositions were determined for sapwood and heartwood samples from longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) stumps monitored in the field for a 1 year period postharvest. Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry analysis of sapwood and heartwood sample extracts showed the total monoterpene contents for both declined at

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19

Thies, Walter G., and Earl E. Nelson. "Reduction of Phellinus weirii Inoculum in Douglas-Fir Stumps by the Fumigants Chloropicrin, Vorlex, or Methylisothiocyanate." Forest Science 33, no. 2 (1987): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/33.2.316.

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Abstract Three dosages of chloropicrin and Vodex, with and without sealing, and one dosage of methylisothiocyanate (MIT) in capsules or open glass tubes were applied to Douglas-fir stumps to reduce Phellinus weirii (Mutt.) Gilb. inoculum. After 2 years, all fumigants had reduced the amount of inoculum, but MIT was less effective than chloropicrin or Vorlex. Neither higher levels of fumigant nor sealing the stump tops resulted in further reduction of inoculum. Inoculum in dead stumps was not further reduced by covering stumps with a plastic tarp. Presence of advanced decay did not seem to be ad

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20

Greifenhagen, Sylvia, Douglas G. Pitt, Monique C. Wester, and F. Wayne Bell. "Juvenile response to conifer release alternatives on aspen-white spruce boreal mixedwood sites.Part II: Quality of aspen regeneration." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 4 (2005): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81548-4.

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This study, a component of the Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, was designed to investigate the effects of conifer release alternatives on the quality of regenerating trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). A randomized block design was used to compare untreated aspen with aspen growing in areas treated with two broadcast cutting treatments (brushsaw and Silvana Selective) and two broadcast herbicide treatments (glyphosate and triclopyr). The glyphosate treatment virtually eliminated aspen, whereas triclopyr tended to top-kill aspen, resulting in lateral dominance. Both fall cutting treatm

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21

Whitney, Roy D., and G. Blake MacDonald. "Effects of root rot on the growth of balsam fir." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 5 (1985): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-143.

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Growth increments were compared on balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) trees with varying amounts of decay on the stump (15 cm above ground) that originated from the roots. In 1612 trees, from 20 to 156 years of age on 139 plots across northern Ontario, the average height and radial increments over the last 3 years were 13.5 and 10.9% smaller, respectively, in trees with ground-level decay compared with trees having no decay at this level. Stand basal area was more useful than tree age as a stratification variable for revealing the effect of root rot on growth. Growth reductions were the sma

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22

Stanosz, G. R., and R. F. Patton. "Armillaria root rot in aspen stands after repeated short rotations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (1987): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-155.

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Aspen suckers and stump/root-collar sprouts were sampled in short-rotation plots established by the U.S. Forest Service in Minnesota and by the Petawawa National Forestry Institute in Ontario. Roots exhibited lesions and decay typical of Armillaria root rot. Infection had occurred by direct rhizomorph penetration, entry of rhizomorphs through stubs of previously cut sprouts, and growth of mycelium through proximal parent roots. Stump/root-collar sprouts were more frequently colonized than suckers. Incidence was highest in the Minnesota plot, sampled 5 years after the start of the third 8-year

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23

Bogdanski, Bryan, Injamam Alam, Derek Sattler, et al. "An economic analysis of management practices to mitigate butt rot and deer browse of planted western redcedar." Journal of Forest Business Research 2, no. 2 (2023): 42–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.62320/jfbr.v2i2.26.

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We consider the economic feasibility of silviculture investments to reduce butt rot (through stump removal) and ungulate browse damage (stand establishment strategies), which are the most serious impacts to planted western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) stands in coastal British Columbia, Canada. We find mixed support for these investments, even if carbon sequestration benefits are included. We do find butt rot causes significant material damage to volumes, but such damage tends to occur well into the future of the stand diminishing the negative impact on stand value. As such, given t

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Pratt, Jim, and Iben M. Thomsen. "An Experiment in Denmark to Infect Wounded Sitka Spruce with the Rotstop Isolate of Phlebiopsis gigantea, and Its Implications for the Control of Heterobasidion annosum in Britain." Pathogens 11, no. 8 (2022): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080937.

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The formulation of a Finnish isolate of the saprotrophic wood-rotting fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea into the biocontrol agent (BCA) Rotstop, which is used to prevent infection of Norway spruce stumps by aerial basidiospores of H. annosum, has led to its application to more than 200,000 ha of forest in Scandinavia and North Europe. The success of this treatment opens the possibility of introducing the Rotstop strain into Britain for use on Sitka spruce stumps, which at present (2022) are lacking adequate prophylactic treatment. However, Rotstop is probably non-native to Britain and to North Ameri

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25

YAHR, Rebecca, Brian J. COPPINS, and Alexandra M. COPPINS. "Transient populations in the British conservation priority lichen,Cladonia botrytes." Lichenologist 45, no. 2 (2013): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282912000746.

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AbstractIn the face of changing environments, conservation is tending towards an adaptive framework which accounts for the movement of species in the landscape. This makes it necessary to quantify population dynamics of species of concern. We studied the nationally scarceCladonia botrytes, a priority Biodiversity Action Plan species in Britain, examining population dynamics at two scales: first, we studied the demography for two populations over a period of 13 years. The monitored populations declined to complete absence, starting from 77 mats on 19 stumps. Individual mats persisted maximally

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Okada, Yasuhiko, Fei Cai, and Ushio Kurokawa. "Changes in Slope Stability over the Growth and Decay of Japanese Cedar Tree Roots." Forests 14, no. 2 (2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020256.

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In Japan, repeated driftwood landslide disasters have become a major issue; thus, studies are required to better understand forest function to implement appropriate forest management and prevent such disasters. We investigated the effect of Japanese cedar tree roots on shallow landslide initiation. To incorporate the effect of roots on the two side-flanks of the shallow landslide, we propose a new slope-stability analysis method in which the sliding block is simplified as a three-prism model. The root reinforcement was approximated by the sum of the root pullout forces over a unit area, incorp

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27

Whitney, R. D., R. L. Fleming, K. Zhou, and D. S. Mossa. "Relationship of root rot to black spruce windfall and mortality following strip clear-cutting." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 2 (2002): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-194.

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Root and butt rots are often implicated as causal factors influencing windfall and mortality of residual trees following partial cutting. Measurements of decay at stump level (i.e., the upward extension of root rot) were made on cross-sectional discs taken from windfallen and standing dead 100- to 130-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) near Nipigon in northwestern Ontario. Subsequently, causal fungi were identified using laboratory culturing procedures. The incidence and amount of decay in windfallen trees within leave strips following alternate strip clear-cutting was higher th

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Vartiamäki, Henna, Antti Uotila, Jarkko Hantula, and Pekka Maijala. "Biological Sprout Control with Chondrostereum purpureum- Preliminary Results from Field Trials in Finland." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 3, Special Edition (2007): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2007-0035.

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The aim of our ongoing project is to test the efficiency of the indigenous decay fungus, C. purpureum, as a biocontrol agent against stump sprouting in Finland. Chondrostereum purpureum was applied to freshly cut birch (Betula pendula, B. pubescens) stumps at 12 different time points during the growing season. The most effective treatment time seemed to be the early summer, at least on birch. Efficacy of C. purpureum on aspen (Populus tremula), grey alder (Alnus incana) and willows (Salix spp.) was also tested. Treatment was done in July. One year after the treatments C. purpureum seemed to ha

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Lazarev, Vladimir, Zlatan Radulovic, and Slobodan Milanovic. "Interactions of polysporous cultures of antagonistic fungus Peneiphora gigantea (Fr.) Massee and some decay fungi of spruce from Stara planina." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 91 (2005): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0591163l.

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In the control of the fungus Heterobasidion annosum the most frequently applied method is stump treatment with biological preparations containing dehydrated spores of the saprophytic fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea (syn. Peniophora gigantea /Fr./ Massee). In the field, this fungus is a competitor to the fungus Heterobasidion annosum. This paper presents the results of laboratory analyses of interactions of decay fungi isolated from the root and butt of uprooted spruce trees in the Nature Park "Stara Planina", and their relation to the fungus Ph. gigantea. The interactions of these fungi were analy

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30

Pukkala, Timo, Timo Möykkynen, Magnus Thor, Jonas Rönnberg, and Jan Stenlid. "Modeling infection and spread of Heterobasidion annosum in even-aged Fennoscandian conifer stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 1 (2005): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-150.

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Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s. lato causes severe damage to forests. This study describes a model for simulating the infection and spread of Heterobasidion spp. in stands of Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L. The model includes submodels for stand dynamics (plot simulation, growth and yield, and cross-cutting of trees) and disease dynamics: (i) spore infection, (ii) stump colonization, (iii) colonization of stump roots, (iv) vegetative transfer to tree roots, (v) spread of disease in tree roots, (vi) spread of decay in stems, and (vii) disease effect on tree growth and surv

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Vasiliauskas, Rimvydas, and Jan Stenlid. "Spread of S and P group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum within and among Picea abies trees in central Lithuania." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 7 (1998): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-071.

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Spread of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. was investigated in a 60-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand in central Lithuania. Of the 375 trees sampled, H. annosum was isolated from 85 (22.7%). Forty nine (56.3%) of the isolates belonged to the S group and 38 (43.7%) to the P group. Among the S-group isolates, 35 genets occupied 49 trees (1.4 trees per genet on average). In the P group, 24 genets were detected in 37 trees (1.5 trees per genet on average). The largest S and P genets were 21 and 20 m in diameter, respectively. The S group spread was more extensive within stem

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Szczepkowski, Andrzej, Waldemar Kowalczuk, Katarzyna Sikora, Marta Damszel, and Zbigniew Sierota. "Fungi Occurring in Norway Spruce Wood Decayed by Heterobasidion parviporum in Puszcza Borecka Stands (Northeastern Poland)." Forests 13, no. 2 (2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020229.

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In many spruce stands, trees are frequently attacked by the pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum, albeit without visible symptoms in the crown. In the present work, the results of the presence of stem rot, assessed by PICUS Sonic Tomography, and the fungal biota on trees and stumps in eight plots in the Puszcza Borecka Forest are described. The plots were located in stands on original forest soil (4) and on post-agricultural soil (4), where around a stump with H. parviporum symptoms (signs of internal rot and basidiocarps), 30 trees were selected and examined for internal rot. Wood samples were

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Kiadaliri, Masoud, Mohadeseh Ghanbari Motlagh, Hadi Sohrabi, et al. "The Effects of Forest Accessibility on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Deadwood: A Comparison between Recreational and Natural Forests." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (2023): 10592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310592.

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Deadwood is one of the main structural features of forest ecosystems and plays an important role in the nutrient cycle, in maintaining production and environmental heterogeneity, and acts as an indicator for assessing the biodiversity of forest ecosystems. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of deadwood according to the influence of forest accessibility indicators in a comparison between natural and recreational forests. The studied area was divided into three accessibility classes based on the slope gradient range, the slope

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Moroni, Martin T. "Disturbance history affects dead wood abundance in Newfoundland boreal forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 12 (2006): 3194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-195.

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Dead wood (dead standing tree (snag), woody debris (WD), buried wood, and stump) abundance was estimated in Newfoundland balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests regrown following natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Although harvesting left few snags standing, natural disturbances generated many snags. Most were still standing 2 years after natural disturbance, but almost all had fallen after 33–34 years. Snag abundance then increased in stands aged 86–109 years. Natural disturbances generated little WD 0–2 years following disturbance. Har

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Hietala, Ari M., Nina E. Nagy, Arne Steffenrem, Harald Kvaalen, Carl G. Fossdal, and Halvor Solheim. "Spatial Patterns in Hyphal Growth and Substrate Exploitation within Norway Spruce Stems Colonized by the Pathogenic White-Rot Fungus Heterobasidion parviporum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 12 (2009): 4069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02392-08.

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ABSTRACT In Norway spruce, a fungistatic reaction zone with a high pH and enrichment of phenolics is formed in the sapwood facing heartwood colonized by the white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum. Fungal penetration of the reaction zone eventually results in expansion of this xylem defense. To obtain information about mechanisms operating upon heartwood and reaction zone colonization by the pathogen, hyphal growth and wood degradation were investigated using real-time PCR, microscopy, and comparative wood density analysis of naturally colonized trees with extensive stem decay. The hyphae a

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Gonthier, P., M. Garbelotto, and G. Nicolotti. "European Pines May Be Simultaneously Infected by More Than One Species of Heterobasidion." Plant Disease 86, no. 7 (2002): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.7.814c.

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Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.:Fr.) Bref. sensu lato, one of the most damaging root and butt rot agents on conifers, was recently segregated into three species in Europe based on morphology, intersterility grouping (ISGs), and host preferences (3). These species include: H. annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu stricto (ISG P) on Pinus, other conifers and some hardwoods; H. parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen (ISG S), primarily on Picea; and H. abietinum Niemelä & Korhonen (ISG F) on Abies. In the summer of 1998, a Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.), growing at 1,900 m in a mixed spruce (Picea) and larch (

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Liepiņš, Jānis, Kaspars Liepiņš, Andis Lazdiņš, Roberts Matisons, and Āris Jansons. "A Comparative Study of Stem Rot Severity in Mature Deciduous Trees in Latvia." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010144.

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Efforts to enhance carbon storage in forest ecosystems through policy and management decisions rely on accurate forest biomass assessments. However, most forest inventories consider tree mortality the only form of aboveground biomass loss, overlooking other important factors, such as wood decay in living trees. In this study, using linear mixed-effects models, we delve into the sustainability of mature and over-mature deciduous forests in Latvia by conducting a comprehensive analysis of stem rot severity, identifying species for which the impact of stem rot on their carbon stock reduction was

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Cruickshank, Michael G., Cosmin N. Filipescu, and Rona N. Sturrock. "The effect of stump removal and tree admixture on butt decay incidence, damage and wood density in western redcedar." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 40, no. 3 (2018): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2018.1496143.

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Copoț, Ovidiu, and Cătălin Tănase. "Substrate properties, forest structure and climate influences wood-inhabiting fungal diversity in broadleaved and mixed forests from Northeastern Romania." Forest Systems 29, no. 3 (2020): e021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2020293-16728.

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Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to find the factors which best explains the wood-inhabiting fungal species’ richness in beech and oak-dominated forests.Area of study: We focused on broadleaved and mixed forests found in Northeastern Romania.Materials and methods: 59 plots were randomly set up in broadleaved and mixed forest stands, in which vegetation structure, composition, and topoclimatic factors were quantified along with wood-inhabiting fungal richness. Generalized linear models were used to characterize relationship between fungal diversity and biotic and abiotic f

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Nisah, Firda Ainun, Wahyudin Wahyudin, Neneng Winarsih, and Putri Febriyani. "Effect of vegetable waste and banana stump composition in casabo fertilizer on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 18, no. 4 (2023): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v18i4.5273.

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Liquid organic fertilizer is a solution resulting from the decay of organic materials derived from plant waste that contains more than one element. In Karawang, precisely in Telagasari Village, is the village with the largest banana fruit producer in West Java. In the Karawang market, a lot of vegetable waste has yet to be utilized, so it only causes a bad smell which can eventually cause disease. And there is not much processing of chicken eggshells even though they have a lot of nutritional content. CASABO fertilizer is a liquid organic fertilizer made from variations in chicken eggshells, v

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Matangaran, Juang Rata, and Romadoni Anggoro. "LIMBAH PEMANENAN JATI DI BAYUWANGI JAWA TIMUR." PERENNIAL 8, no. 2 (2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v8i2.221.

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Harvesting teak in Java always causes wood waste in the forest. The objectives of this research were to identify the shape of wood waste generated from teak harvesting activities and to determine their recovery and residual factors. The research was conducted at teak forest of Stated Owned Company (Perum Perhutani) at Banyuwangi East Java with the sampling intensity of 10 % using whole tree method. Measurement of wood waste was performed at thinning and clearcutting compartment of teak stand. The result of the study showed that the shapes of wood waste consisted of broken stem, decay wood, sho

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Sen, D. P., and S. N. Pradhan. "Step-Like Delta from Talchir Rocks Around Village Simlipal, Orissa." Journal Geological Society of India 40, no. 2 (1992): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1992/400202.

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Abstract Within the Talchir Group of rocks of the Talchir Gondwana basin occurs a step-like delta around village Simlipal. The older of the two delta sequences is characterised by interference of topset and foreset beds, sleep foreset slope (10° - 26°) and imperceptible delta slope break. Irregular shifting of lake level during the growth of the older delta, possibly controlled by weather variation from abnormally high temperature condition to cold, cloudy and dry conditions resulted in the formation of step-like delta. Delta front collapsed due to decay of stagnant buried ice which formed par

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PEARCE, M. H., and N. MALAJCZUK. "Stump colonization by Armillaria luteobubalina and other wood decay fungi in an age series of cut-over stumps in karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) regrowth forests in south-western Australia." New Phytologist 115, no. 1 (1990): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00930.x.

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McCarthy, Brian C., and Ronald R. Bailey. "Distribution and abundance of coarse woody debris in a managed forest landscape of the central Appalachians." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 7 (1994): 1317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-172.

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Coarse woody debris (CWD) is integral to the functioning and productivity of forested ecosystems. Standing snags and large logs on the forest floor affect soil processes, soil fertility, hydrology, and wildlife microhabitat. Few data are available pertaining to the distribution and abundance of CWD in the managed hardwood forests of the central Appalachians. We surveyed 11 stands, at various stages of development (succession) after clear-cutting (<2, 15–25, 65–90, >100 years old), to evaluate the density, volume, and biomass of trees, snags, and logs under the local forest management reg

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Poloni, Adrian L., Matteo Garbelotto, Christopher A. Lee, and Richard C. Cobb. "Efficacy of Chemical and Biological Stump Treatments for the Control of Heterobasidion occidentale Infection of California Abies concolor." Pathogens 10, no. 11 (2021): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111390.

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We conducted an experimental evaluation of treatments to limit Heterobasidion occidentale infection of white fir (Abies concolor) stumps and wounds in California mixed conifer forests. We tested the efficacy of urea, borate, and a mixture of two locally collected Phlebiopsis gigantea strains in preventing pathogen colonization of fir stumps and separately, urea and borate as infection controls on experimental stem wounds. These were paired with a laboratory test on ~100 g wood blocks with and without a one-week delay between inoculation and treatment. Urea, borates, and Phlebiopsis treatments

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Hunt, R. S., and T. White. "First Report of Inonotus tomentosus, the Cause of Tomentosus Root Disease, from the Yukon Territory." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (1998): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.264c.

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During forest pest surveys in the Watson Lake area (60°N 129°W) of the Yukon Territory (YT), sporocarps, tentatively identified as Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.:Fr.) S. Teng, were observed in association with old mortality (25+ years) and root rot of old (200 to 275 years) white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) growing in riparian zones. I. tomentosus primarily attacks spruce throughout North America (1). Cultures from collected sporocarps and from a decayed root of a living tree produced chlamydospore-like hyphal swellings typical of I. tomentosus(2). Although three of the collected sporocarps

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Katarzyna, Marciszewska, Szczepkowski Andrzej, Otręba Anna, et al. "The dynamics of sprouts generation and colonization by macrofungi of black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. eliminated mechanically in the Kampinos National Park." FOLIA FORESTALIA POLONICA, SERIES A – FORESTRY 60, no. 1 (2018): 34–51. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0004.

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The experiment conducted in the Kampinos National Park since 2015 is aimed at investigating the relationship between the dynamics of black cherry sprouting response and the type and term of implementation of the mechanical elimination procedure. It also identifies macrofungi colonizing trees undergoing eradication. Three treatments, basal cut-stump, cutting (height: ca. 1 m) and girdling, were performed on 4 terms: early and late spring, summer and winter. Each variant was conducted within two plots, and applied to 25 trees, to 600 trees in total. For two consecutive vegetation seasons, sprout

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Vagholkar, Ketan. "Stump appendicitis." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 7 (2020): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202872.

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Appendectomy is one of the commonest abdominal operation performed all over the world. Stump appendicitis is one of the uncommon complications of appendectomy. The diagnosis of stump appendicitis is delayed due to low index of suspicion by virtue of the fact that an appendectomy has already been done. The clinical presentation exactly simulates acute appendicitis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography is diagnostic. Completion appendectomy either open or laparoscopic is the mainstay of treatment. Awareness regarding the possible aetiology, diagnosis and management is essential for avoiding del

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Chittoria, Ravi. "Role of topical insulin therapy in amputation stump." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, no. 4 (2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/028.

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Wound healing is a complex process with overlapping steps of haemostasis, the inflammatory and proliferative phases, remodelling .Any problem with the edge of the wound can be detrimental to healing and may cause delay in wound healing. In this article, we share our experience of using topical insulin therapy for wound bed preparation in non-healing ulcer over the amputation stump.

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White, Elizabeth A. "Wheelchair Stump Boards and Their Use with Lower Limb Amputees." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 55, no. 5 (1992): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269205500503.

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A three-part study was undertaken into the supply of wheelchair stump boards by the Disablement Services Authority and their use by therapists and by patients with an amputation. The research highlighted the importance of stump boards in the prevention of post-operative complications occurring in the stump, and showed that the delay that frequently occurs when stump boards are ordered necessitates the manufacture of temporary models in occupational therapy departments. With the devolution of the wheelchair service to the NHS in 1991, it will be interesting to see if the needs of the individual

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