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1
Nel, Etienne L., and Ronald W. McQuaid. "The Evolution of Local Economic Development in South Africa: The Case of Stutterheim and Social Capital." Economic Development Quarterly 16, no. 1 (February 2002): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242402016001007.
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Khan, Pervaiz. "South Africa: from apartheid to xenophobia." Race & Class 63, no. 1 (July 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968211020889.
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How to explain the violent xenophobic attacks in South Africa in recent years? Two militant South African activists, Leonard Gentle and Noor Nieftagodien, interviewed here, analyse the race/class bases for the anti-foreigner violence in terms of the echoes/reverberations of apartheid and the rise of neoliberalism. They argue that remnants of apartheid have endured through the reproduction of racial and tribal categories, which has contributed to the entrenchment of exclusionary nationalist politics and the fragmentation of black unity. South Africa’s specific history of capitalist development, the African National Congress’s embraces of neoliberalism, on the one hand, and rainbowism, on the other, have produced the underlying conditions of precarity and desperation that resulted in the normalisation of xenophobia. The unions, too, have failed to recognise the new shape of the ‘working class’. Gentle and Nieftagodien outline the need to contend with the broader social conditions, the global economic crisis, neoliberalism and the deep inequalities it engenders in order to counteract the rising tide of xenophobia and build working-class unity.
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Cohen, Tamara, and Luendree Moodley. "Achieving "decent work" in South Africa?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2490.
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The fundamental goal of the International Labour Organisation is the achievement of decent and productive work for both women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. The South African government has pledged its commitment to the attainment of decent work and sustainable livelihoods for all workers and has undertaken to mainstream decent work imperatives into national development strategies. The four strategic objectives of decent work as identified by the ILO are: i) the promotion of standards and rights at work, to ensure that worker's constitutionally protected rights to dignity, equality and fair labour practices, amongst others, are safeguarded by appropriate legal frameworks; (ii) the promotion of employment creation and income opportunities, with the goal being not just the creation of jobs but the creation of jobs of acceptable quality; (iii) the provision and improvement of social protection and social security, which are regarded as fundamental to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and the burden of care responsibilities; and (iv) the promotion of social dialogue and tripartism. This article considers the progress made towards the attainment of these decent work objectives in South Africa, using five statistical indicators to measure such progress namely: (i) employment opportunities; (ii) adequate earnings and productive work; (iii) stability and security of work; (iv) social protection; and (v) social dialogue and workplace relations. It concludes that high levels of unemployment and a weakened economy in South Africa have given rise to a growing informal sector and an increase in unacceptable working conditions and exploitation. The rights of workers in the formal sector have not filtered down to those in the informal sector, who remains vulnerable and unrepresented. Job creation initiatives have been undermined by the global recession and infrastructural shortcomings and ambitious governmental targets appear to be unachievable, with youth unemployment levels and gender inequalities remaining of grave concern. Social protection programmes fail to provide adequate coverage to the majority of the economically active population. Social dialogue processes and organisational structures fail to accommodate or represent the interests of the informal sector. Until these problems are overcome, the article concludes, it remains unlikely that decent work imperatives will be attained.
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Pillay, Yogan G., and Patrick Bond. "Health and Social Policies in the New South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 25, no. 4 (October 1995): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yju7-0hdm-7tyw-xlmf.
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South Africa's first democratic government is today confronted with the challenge of recasting apartheid social and health policies, transforming a moribund bureaucracy's mode of governance, and restructuring a variety of public and private institutions, including the national Department of Health. In the attempt to redress racial, gender, and class inequities, enormous barriers confront health policy analysts and planners, progressive politicians, and activists within civil society who work in the field of health. This article sets the broad social policy context for the emerging strategies, documents some of the continuing inequities in the health sector, and recounts some recent experiences in one of the nine provinces (KwaZulu-Natal), to illustrate the difficulties and potentials that change of this magnitude presents under the prevailing conditions of neoliberal politics and economics.
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Lenfers, Ulfia A., Julius Weyl, and Thomas Clemen. "Firewood Collection in South Africa: Adaptive Behavior in Social-Ecological Models." Land 7, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7030097.
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Due to the fact that the South Africa’s savanna landscapes are under changing conditions, the previously sustainable firewood collection system in rural areas has become a social-ecological factor in questions about landscape management. While the resilience of savannas in national parks such as Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa has been widely acknowledged in ecosystem management, the resilience of woody vegetation outside protected areas has been underappreciated. Collecting wood is the dominant source of energy for rural households, and there is an urgent need for land management to find sustainable solutions for this complex social-ecological system. However, the firewood collection scenario is only one example, and stands for all “human-ecosystem service” interactions under the topic of over-utilization, e.g., fishery, grazing, harvesting. Agent-based modeling combined with goal-oriented action planning (GOAP) can provide fresh insights into the relationship between individual needs of humans and changes in land use. At the same time, this modeling approach includes adaptive behavior under changing conditions. A firewood collection scenario was selected for a proof-of-concept comprising households, collectors, ecosystem services and firewood sites. Our results have shown that, even when it is predictable what a single human agent will do, massive up-scaling is needed in order to understand the whole complexity of social-ecological systems. Under changing conditions, such as climate and an increasing population, fair distribution of natural goods become an important issue.
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Richter, Linda M., Shane A. Norris, Tanya M. Swart, and Carren Ginsburg. "In-migration and Living Conditions of Young Adolescents in Greater Johannesburg, South Africa." Social Dynamics 32, no. 1 (June 2006): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533950608628724.
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Richter, Linda M., Saadhna Panday, Tanya M. Swart, and Shane A. Norris. "Adolescents in the City: Material and Social Living Conditions in Johannesburg–Soweto, South Africa." Urban Forum 20, no. 3 (May 27, 2009): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-009-9065-x.
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Bosire, Edna N., Emily Mendenhall, and Lesley Jo Weaver. "Comorbid Suffering: Breast Cancer Survivors in South Africa." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320911365.
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Cycles of chronic illness are unpredictable, especially when multiple conditions are involved, and that instability can transform “normal” everyday life for individuals and their families. This article employs a theory of “comorbid suffering” to interpret how multiple concurrent diagnoses produce webs of remarkable suffering. We collected 50 life stories from breast cancer survivors enrolled in the South Africa Breast Cancer Study. We present three women’s narratives who grapple with comorbid suffering and illness-related work, which arise interpersonally when comorbid illnesses affects social interactions. We found that women strive to create a balance between living with comorbid suffering and continuously performing routine activities amid treatment. Discrimination and isolation were underpinned by women’s fear of being rejected by their families or how their illnesses created social distance between family members and the wider community. This study therefore illustrates how comorbid suffering requires intensive family commitments amid and beyond illness.
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Rutherford, Blair. "Nervous Conditions on the Limpopo: Gendered Insecurities, Livelihoods, and Zimbabwean Migrants in Northern South Africa." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 27, 2020): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1869.
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This paper examines some of the gendered insecurities informing some of the livelihood practices of Zimbabwean migrants in northern South Africa from 2004-2011, the period in which I carried out almost annual ethnographic research in this region. Situating these practices within wider policy shifts and changing migration patterns at the national and local scales, this paper shows the importance of attending to gendered dependencies and insecurities when analysing migrant livelihoods in southern Africa. These include those found within humanitarian organizations targeting Zimbabwean migrants in their programs and policies in the border area. These gendered insecurities, which are woven into the fabric of travel, work and accommodation for these migrant Zimbabwean women in northern South Africa, should be examined in struggles for social justice. By drawing on the lens of social critique to engender a wider sense of the social justice needs for Zimbabwean women migrants in South Africa, this essay aims to broaden the focus of activism on women migrants to also attend to gendered insecurities in their everyday economic and shelter-seeking activities.
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O'Sullivan, Siobhan. "Towards Democratic Justice? Land Reform in South Africa." Irish Journal of Public Policy 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/ijpp.3.2.4.
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This article theoretically establishes the interconnections between justice and democracy, and empirically explores the case of land reform in South Africa in the light of these interconnections. Firstly, it argues that democracy must ensure the realisation of social justice in order to create the conditions for human freedom and a truly inclusive and legitimate democracy. Secondly, the article argues that justice must also be subject to democratisation, i.e. public participation and deliberation on what should be distributed, how and to whom, termed democratic justice. In South Africa, there are significant concerns about the lack of redistribution and the continued exclusion of the poor, meaning that democratic justice is some way from being achieved.
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Naidu, Sirisha C., and Lyn Ossome. "Work, Gender, and Immiseration in South Africa and India." Review of Radical Political Economics 50, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 332–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613416666530.
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In this paper, we broaden Marx’s immiseration thesis to articulate social reproduction under capitalist growth. Specifically, we compare the female labor market in the context of the wage economy, the family-household, and the state, three institutions that influence the production-reproduction system. Our observations lead us to conclude that the neoliberal growth path has exacerbated inequities in the opportunities for female workers in both countries. Our findings affirm both the differentiation and homogenization of conditions of reproduction under capitalist exploitation.
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Gómez-Olivé, Xavier, Margaret Thorogood, Philippe Bocquier, Paul Mee, Kathleen Kahn, Lisa Berkman, and Stephen Tollman. "Social Conditions and Disability Related to the Mortality of Older People in Rural South Africa." World Health & Population 15, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/whp.2015.24266.
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Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier, Margaret Thorogood, Philippe Bocquier, Paul Mee, Kathleen Kahn, Lisa Berkman, and Stephen Tollman. "Social conditions and disability related to the mortality of older people in rural South Africa." International Journal of Epidemiology 43, no. 5 (May 15, 2014): 1531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu093.
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Jinabhai, Champak C., Hoosen M. Coovadia, and Salim S. Abdool-Karim. "Socio-Medical Indicators of Health in South Africa." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 1 (January 1986): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jtnm-2d1h-8tk8-63dv.
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Socio-medical indicators developed by WHO for monitoring progress towards Health-for-All have been adapted to reveal, clearly and objectively, the devastating impact of state planning based on an outmoded immoral and unscientific philosophy of race superiority in South Africa on the health of the disenfranchised majority within the context of social and economic discrimination; Health policy indicators confirm that the government is committed to three options (Bantustans, A New Constitution, and A Health Services Facilities Plan) all of which are inconsistent with the attainment of Health-for-All; Social and economic indicators reveal gross disparities between African, Coloured, Indian, and White living and working conditions; Provision of health care indicators show the overwhelming dominance of high technology curative medical care consuming about 97 percent of the health budget with only minor shifts towards community-based comprehensive care; and Health status indicators illustrate the close nexus between privilege, dispossession and disease with Whites falling prey to health problems related to affluence and lifestyle, while Africans, Coloureds, and Indians suffer from disease due to poverty. All four categories of the indicator system reveal discrepancies which exist between Black and White, rich and poor, urban and rural. To achieve the social goal of Health-for-All requires a greater measure of political commitment from the state. We conclude that it is debatable whether a system which maintains race discrimination and exploitation can in fact be adapted to provide Health-for-All.
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Cooper, Silvie, and Leah Gilbert. "An exploratory study of the experience of fibromyalgia diagnosis in South Africa." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 21, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459316677623.
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Within the conceptual framework of ‘medically-ill-defined’ conditions, this article focuses on the experiences of ‘diagnosis’ through a narrative analysis of fibromyalgia (a chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder) in South Africa. In-depth interviews were used to collect narratives from 15 participants. The findings show how the contested and confusing experience of fibromyalgia diagnosis can be understood, by viewing the interactions that patients have with their practitioners, families, peers and colleagues. The currency of fibromyalgia as a diagnosis and the inequalities present in the South African health care system characterise the experiences of symptom recognition, diagnosis and treatment. The analysis reveals how those living with fibromyalgia search for diagnosis, and struggle to maintain legitimacy for their experience in the complex constellation of porous symptoms that appear infrequently. The findings of this study confirm the existing evidence that shows fibromyalgia to be a challenging illness experience, which is attributed to the lack of clarity and legitimacy, and high contestation that surrounds the condition. Additionally, this study presents the ways that limited access to diagnosis and treatment for fibromyalgia in the South African context shapes this specific illness experience, and the value of using narrative approaches to gain insight into how people live with hidden and poorly understood conditions in this environment.
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Harcourt, Mark, and Geoffrey Wood. "Is there a future for a Labour Accord in South Africa?" Capital & Class 27, no. 1 (March 2003): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981680307900106.
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Foreign experience suggests that strong unions with close connections to the state can use political exchanges to mould social and economic policies to more readily reflect the needs of labour. South African unions could conceivably form a similar pact with the African National Congress by agreeing to moderate their demands for wage increases and to cooperate in the restructuring of the economy in exchange for pro-labour policies. Given persistent inequality and a rich tradition of social protest, it could be argued that neo-corporatism represents an unnecessary compromise in the South African situation. Nonetheless, neo-corporatism's track record underscores the role institutions can play in redressing social inequality, yet creating the conditions for economic growth. However, the key actors—labour, capital and government—may be neither able nor willing to strike a comprehensive deal.
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Moses, Susan. "Children and Participation in South Africa: An Overview." International Journal of Children's Rights 16, no. 3 (2008): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181808x311178.
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AbstractThis paper examines the current policy and practice around children's participation in South Africa. By situating the analysis from the perspective of the socio-economic and normative context within South Africa the paper critiques current typologies of children's participation for focusing too narrowly on processes internal to participatory processes. The paper argues that theorisations of children's participation need to take account of the range of activities which are labelled as children's participation and interrogate issues around who gets to participate and why, what the purposes of the participation are and under what conditions it is possible. This requires examining participatory processes and the children involved in them in relation to adult actors within and beyond the process as well as in relation to broader socio-political and economic environments.
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Albertyn, Cathi. "Claiming and defending abortion rights in South Africa." Revista Direito GV 11, no. 2 (December 2015): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-2432201519.
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ABSTRACT The South African transition to democracy enabled successful claims for gender equality and reproductive rights in the Constitution and in law. This article explores that transition with a focus on the enactment of a progressive abortion law; the feminist, rights and public health narratives that justified it; and the manner in which it transformed constitutional and legal norms about women and reproductive choice, despite a broadly conservative society. Then, it discusses twenty years of the Act in practice, highlighting its uneven implementation in the face of significant normative resistance and changing narratives. It also describes the ebb and flow of rights protection in changing social and political conditions, and demonstrates the importance of constitutional and legal guarantees to abortion as a bulwark against their erosion. At the same time, it illustrates the importance of political will, feminist narratives and civil society activism in maintaining effective access to safe, legal abortion for poor, black, working class and rural women.
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Jankeeparsad, Raphael Warren, and Dev Tewari. "End-User Adoption of Bitcoin in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (November 3, 2018): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2512.
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Since its introduction in 2008, the value and popularity of Bitcoin have risen exponentially. Despite being 10 years old, the concept of crypto currency is fairly new in South Africa. The increase in the value of Bitcoin, together with extensive media coverage, has led to the creation of a Bitcoin economic system with many South Africans jumping on the Bitcoin bandwagon. This study aims to identify the determinants affecting end-user adoption of Bitcoin in South Africa and to determine the main use of the crypto currency by South Africans. A research model was developed utilising constructs from the technology acceptance model and theory of planned behaviour. The model was then tested empirically by utilising two survey-based questionnaires, one for current users of Bitcoin and one for non-users. For users, perceived usefulness and access to facilitating conditions were the primary determinants influencing their decision to adopt the crypto currency while lack of trust and social influences were the primary reasons non-users chose not to adopt Bitcoin.
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Meyer, Natanya, and Włodzimierz Sroka. "A theoretical analysis of social entrepreneurship: The case of Poland and South Africa." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 8, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v8i1.596.
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As global trends are moving more towards social inclusion and green entrepreneurship many countries are changing the way they do business. This has sparked an interest in social entrepreneurship. Although much research has been conducted on this issue, fewer country comparisons are available and these could lead to an improved understanding of the topic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a theoretical analysis of social entrepreneurship comparing Poland and South Africa specifically focusing on the history, challenges, policy, and government support initiatives. The study followed a qualitative approach using document analysis by way of an intensive literature study. Findings indicated that social entrepreneurship is a global phenomenon and although it is of imperative importance as a means to improved social conditions, several barriers and challenges are prevalent. As with traditional for-profit businesses, social enterprises’ main barrier is access to finance.
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Kelly, Gabrielle. "Disability, cash transfers and family practices in South Africa." Critical Social Policy 39, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 541–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319867593.
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Relative to other low and middle-income countries, South Africa provides a generous set of cash transfers (social grants) targeted at people with disabilities. This article explores the influence of disability-related grants on family practices and configurations, care arrangements and household composition in the Western Province of South Africa. The article draws on the findings of two studies: 1) an ethnographic study of disability grant recipients and applicants in a low-income Cape Town community and; 2) a study of interactions between healthcare staff, disability grant applicants and their families. Findings show that disability grant income is shared within households and the contribution of a stable income provides opportunities for people with disabilities to exercise agency, be seen as valuable household members and secure care and support from other household members. However, conflicts may arise over how income is shared and may lead to the extortion, abuse and neglect of people with disabilities, particularly in cases of severe disablement. Given the lack of adequate social provisioning for those who are able-bodied and unemployed, disability also becomes highly valued in households and the potential suspension or cancellation of a grant can interfere with adherence to treatment. The study emphasises the influence of policy structures and economic conditions on household dynamics and care outcomes and contributes to the sparse international evidence-base on the role that disability welfare benefits play in household dynamics and care outcomes.
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SURENDER, REBECCA, MICHAEL NOBLE, GEMMA WRIGHT, and PHAKAMA NTSHONGWANA. "Social Assistance and Dependency in South Africa: An Analysis of Attitudes to Paid Work and Social Grants." Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 2 (January 8, 2010): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279409990638.
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AbstractDespite the absence of an unemployment grant in South Africa, there is growing concern that other social assistance provision might nevertheless weaken work motivation and create a ‘dependency culture’. This study explores attitudes about the relationship between grant receipt and paid employment in South Africa. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, it examines whether there is evidence of a ‘dependency culture’, the nature and strength of labour market attachment among grant recipients, and the opportunities and barriers to employment they face.We found that both those in and out of work placed a high value on paid employment. Joblessness had not become ‘normalised’, and all categories of the workless were extremely motivated to get work. Grant recipients did not subscribe to a distinctive culture but to mainstream values and aspirations. While some benefit claimants subscribed to popularly promoted prejudices about other social assistance claimants, our findings appear to counter recent concerns about potential unintended effects of the current grant system. The key factors in reducing people's chances of finding employment seem linked to the structural conditions of the labour market and the wider economy rather than the motivational characteristics of the unemployed and the arrangements of the grant system.
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Taylor, Whitney K. "Constitutional Rights and Social Welfare: Exploring Claims-Making Practices in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Comparative Politics 53, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5129/001041520x15795426509653.
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When do individuals choose to advance legal claims to social welfare goods? To explore this question, I turn to the case of South Africa, where, despite the adoption of a "transformative" constitution in 1996, access to social welfare goods remains sorely lacking. Drawing on an original 551-person survey, I examine patterns of legal claims-making, focusing on beliefs individuals hold about the law, rights, and the state, and how those beliefs relate to decisions about whether and how to make claims. I find striking differences between the factors that influence when people say they should file a legal claim and when they actually do so. The way that individuals interpret their own material conditions and neighborhood context are important, yet under-acknowledged, factors for explaining claims-making.
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Aguado, L., A. Porras, P. Calvo, A. Tomita, J. Burns, and J. E. Muñoz-Negro. "Anxiety and Depression in European Immigrants in Africa: Spaniards in South Africa." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1800.
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IntroductionIt is easy to find texts, in scientific literature, studying the adaptation of immigrants from developing countries in western countries. However, in these globalization times that we are living, few are the studies performed on members from developed countries emigrating to the third world.Objectives/AimsTo evaluate the factors predisposing to the onset of anxiety or depression symptoms in Spanish immigrants living in South Africa.MethodsThis is an exploratory study with a sample of 51 Spanish residents in South Africa between 24 and 57 years (44% male, 56% female), 44% of which were living there for more than two years. An online survey was administered, collecting data related to reasons and conditions for their moving to the country and traumatic events living during the stay. For the screening of depression and anxiety symptoms Hopkins Symptom Scale (HSCL-25) was used. Finally, we carried about several analysis using Chi2 test. For statistical analysis SPSS was utilized.ResultsThirty percent of the sample showed positive scores on anxiety symptoms scale, and 24% scored positive for depression. Job related items as being unemployed (P < 0.001) was associated to symptoms of depression. Insecurity/violence (P < 0.021) and race discrimination (P < 0.009) were the main factors related to anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsFactor related to employment, security and discrimination, has been significantly associated to the onset of anxiety and depression symptoms. Other factors related to the moving to the country or social relationships have shown no relations. More studies are needed to provide information about adaptation and factors related to mental health in Occidental immigrants in developing countries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kieh, George Klay. "Constructing the social democratic developmental state in Africa: lessons from the “Global South”." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-014-0004-4.
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Since the dawn of the post-colonial era in the various regions of the “Global South,” including Africa, the appropriate role of the state in the development process has been a frontier issue. The resulting debate has revolved around two major trajectories: the minimalist state and the maximalist state. The former, shaped by the liberal cum neo-liberal Weltanschauung, posits that the state should have a limited role in socio-economic development—basically the creation of propitious conditions for the private accumulation of capital. Essentially, the suzerainty over the development process should rest with the “market” and its associated forces, particularly businesses. On the other hand, the maximalist state perspective asserts that the state should have a prominent role in the development process, including serving as the engine. Importantly, the debate has gone through various cycles, each dominated by the minimalist state paradigm.In spite of the hegemony of the minimalist state perspective, several states in the “Global South” have experimented with various models of state dirigisme — the “developmental state:” authoritarian (e.g. Singapore and South Korea) and democratic (e.g. Botswana and Mauritius). Against this backdrop, using the lessons learned from the experiences of some of the states in the “Global South” that have experimented with variants of the developmental state model, this article concluded that the social democratic developmental state is the best trajectory for promoting human-centered democracy and development in Africa.
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Blaauw, Phillip F., Catherina J. Schenck, Anna M. Pretorius, and Christiaan H. Schoeman. "‘All quiet on the social work front’: Experiences of Zimbabwean day labourers in South Africa." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815594223.
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Migration, particularly when triggered by economic or political hardship, has significant psychological and socio-economic consequences for the individuals concerned. While an impressive amount of research has been conducted by social workers into migration in North America, Europe and Asia, the same cannot be said for Africa. The continent has high numbers of displaced people and refugees, yet no Africa-linked research on migration has been published by the social work profession. This article addresses this gap in the literature by focusing specifically on Zimbabwean day labourers in South Africa. Survey results reveal that these migrants face intense competition for scarce jobs, and thus economic uncertainty, and are often victimised. It is incumbent upon the social work profession to expose the vulnerable conditions in which day labourers have to operate, and to mobilise a coordinated response from relevant government and non-profit organisations in the interests of greater social justice and harmony.
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Meyer, J. C., M. Matlala, and A. Chigome. "Mental health care - a public health priority in South Africa." South African Family Practice 61, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i5.4946.
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Mental health is an integral part of health and it includes an individual’s emotional, psychological and social well-being. Mental illness remains underreported and underdiagnosed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. South Africa carries a huge burden of mental illnesses with the most prevalent being anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, mood disorders and depression. People with mental health conditions often face neglect in the health system as well as stigma and discrimination. This has resulted in poor health outcomes, isolation and high suicide rates, including amongst adolescents. The South African National Mental Health Policy Framework and Strategic Plan (2013–2020) aims to integrate mental health into the health system to provide quality mental health services that are accessible, equitable and comprehensive, particularly for community-based mental health. This article provides an overview of mental health care in South Africa, highlighting its public health importance.
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Jones, S. A., G. G. Sherman, and C. A. Varga. "Exploring socio-economic conditions and poor follow-up rates of HIV-exposed infants in Johannesburg, South Africa." AIDS Care 17, no. 4 (May 2005): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331319723.
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Wichmann, Janine, Jacqueline E. Wolvaardt, Chantelle Maritz, and Kuku V. V. Voyi. "Association between children's household living conditions and eczema in the Polokwane area, South Africa." Health & Place 14, no. 2 (June 2008): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.08.002.
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Ogunbanjo, Gboyega A. "Social determinants of health: time for action." South African Family Practice 59, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i4.4732.
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By the time, you receive this issue of the journal, the joint 5th WONCA Africa and 20th South African Academy of Family Physicians conference would have ended in Pretoria South Africa on 20 August 2017. The theme of the joint conference forms the basis of this editorial. So what is “Social Determinants of Health (SDH)”? The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. The SDH are mostly responsible for health inequities – the unfair and avoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries. It is acknowledged that “health equity and social determinants” are critical components of the post-2015 sustainable development goals (SDG) global agenda and of the push towards progressive achievement of universal health coverage (UHC). If we have to reduce health inequities, the approach will be to address both SDH and UHC in an integrated and systematic manner.1
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Sam, Christabel Aba. "The Making of the New Man in Contemporary African Fiction: A Reading of J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace." KENTE - Cape Coast Journal of Literature and the Arts 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jla.v1i1.86.
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Critical works on Coetzee’s Disgrace shows that the novel constructs a distressing picture of the conditions in post-apartheid South Africa –tabling his attempts at blurring national enthusiasm, creating racial stereotypes and consequently damaging the hopes of the new South Africa. However, a re-reading of the novel reveals that the survival of post-apartheid South Africa reside in the potential of a willing unity of racial bodies and a careful re-definition of masculinity vis-à-vis spatial re-configurations. Drawing on the concept of futurity and Frantz Fanon’s idea of the new man, this paper argues that the correlation between forms of community and forms of masculinity provide basis for re-configuring social cohesion in post-apartheid South Africa.
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Leonard, Llewellyn, and Rolf Lidskog. "Conditions and Constrains for Reflexive Governance of Industrial Risks: The Case of the South Durban Industrial Basin, South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105679.
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Within sustainability development paradigms, state governance is considered important in interventions to address risks produced by the industrial society. However, there is largely a lack of understanding, especially in the Global South, about the nature and workings of the governance institutions necessary to tackle risks effectively. Reflexive governance, as a new mode of governance, has been developed as a way to be more inclusive and more reflexive and respond to complex risks. Conversely, there is limited scholarly work that has examined the theoretical and empirical foundations of this governance approach, especially how it may unfold in the Global South. This paper explores the conditions and constrains for reflexive governance in a particular case: that of the South Durban Industrial Basin. South Durban is one of the most polluted regions in southern Africa and has been the most active industrial site of contention between local residents and industry and government during apartheid and into the new democracy. Empirical analysis found a number of constrains involved in enabling reflexive governance. It also found that a close alliance between government and industry to promote economic development has overshadowed social and environmental protection. Reflexive governance practitioners need to be cognisant of its applicability across diverse geographic settings and beyond western notions of reflexive governance.
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Terblanche, Judith, and Yusef Waghid. "The chartered accountant profession in South Africa: In dire need of decoloniality and ubuntu principles." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00030_1.
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The chartered accountant (CA) profession plays a significant role in the South African business society, as individual members often fulfil leadership positions. Consequently, whether CAs are cultivated into being responsible and socially just leaders whilst they are at higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa is an important aspect to consider. Decoloniality and ubuntu principles, those associated with restoring human dignity through recognition, contribute to the fostering of the appropriate conditions for human engagement that could result in a social awareness. So far, the CA profession has largely ignored the call for decoloniality, and we argue for a certain response by the profession that will result in meaningful transformation of the profession, the fostering of relationships, and a socially just consciousness. In particular, such a response has to do with openness towards other knowledge systems, a willingness to deliberate and the adoption of deliberative teaching and learning approaches.
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Maziriri, Eugine Tafadzwa, Miston Mapuranga, Justice Mushwana, and Nkosivile Welcome Madinga. "Antecedents That Influence the Intention to Use the Uber Mobile Application: Customer Perspectives in South Africa." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 08 (May 20, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i08.10632.
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<p class="0abstract">In today’s postmodern era, there is phenomenal growth in the use of smartphones, GPS as well as Internet. This has given a rise to a revolution in the business world and the revolution is focused on conducting business on the move usually by mobile commerce applications. The study sought to determine the impact of perceived convenience, facilitation conditions, social influence and price value on the intention to the use an Uber application. A quantitative methodology was utilised and the research concentrated specifically on consumers, located in the Johannesburg area and using of a non-probability convenience sample. A self-administered questionnaire was designed based on the scales used in previous studies. The statistical data analysis procedures utilised for the quantitative study were descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, structural equation modelling approach by means of the partial least squares structural equation modelling approach. The hypotheses testing results revealed that the intention to use an Uber application was influenced significantly and positively by perceived convenience, facilitation conditions, social influence and price value. The study authenticates those factors such as perceived convenience, facilitating conditions, social influence and price value are instrumental in stimulating the intention to use the Uber application. Lastly, based on the findings of this study, limitations were discussed along with the recommendations and concluding remarks.</p>
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Schwartzman, Kathleen C. "Can International Boycotts Transform Political Systems? The Cases of Cuba and South Africa." Latin American Politics and Society 43, no. 2 (2001): 115–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2001.tb00401.x.
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AbstractThe economic embargo against Cuba has been widely promoted as a way to hasten the end of the Castro regime. Historically, however, the connection between embargoes and regime change is mediated by a complex of political, social, and economic conditions. Labormarket bottlenecks and domestic elite opposition, decisive factors in the South African case, are absent from that of Cuba. This study uses the factors derived from an analysis of South Africa to compare the Cuban case and concludes that the embargo against Cuba cannot have its intended results.
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Toit, André Du. "Puritans in Africa? Afrikaner “Calvinism” and Kuyperian Neo-Calvinism in Late Nineteenth-Century South Africa." Comparative Studies in Society and History 27, no. 2 (April 1985): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500011336.
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Accounts of South African history and politics have been much influenced by what might be termed the Calvinist paradigm of Afrikaner history. As a model for the historical understanding of modern Afrikaner nationalism and of the ideology of apartheid it has proved persuasive to historians and social scientists alike. In outline, it amounts to the view that the “seventeenth-century Calvinism” which the Afrikaner founding fathers derived from their countries of origin became fixed in the isolated frontier conditions of trekboer society and survived for generations in the form of a kind of “primitive Calvinism”; that in the first part of the nineteenth century, this gave rise to a nascent chosen people ideology among early Afrikaners, which provided much of the motivation for, as well as the self-understanding of, that central event in Afrikaner history, the Great Trek, while simultaneously serving to legitimate the conquest and subordination of indigenous peoples; and that, mediated in this way, an authentic tradition of Afrikaner Calvinism thus constitutes the root source of modern Afrikaner nationalism and the ideology of apartheid. In fact, very little of this purported historical explanation will stand up to rigorous critical scrutiny: in vain will one look for hard evidence, either in the primary sources of early Afrikaner political thinking or in the contemporary secondary literature, of a set of popular beliefs that might be recognised as “primitive Calvinism” or as an ideology of a chosen people with a national mission.
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Iwu, Chux Gervase, Henrie Olumide Benedict ., and Robertson Khan Tengeh . "Teacher job satisfaction and learner performance in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 12 (December 30, 2013): 838–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i12.457.
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Against the backdrop of the dismal performance of a number of South African high Schools in recent years, this study investigates the relationship between poor performance of learners and teacher motivation in selected high schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Adopting an exploratory approach, a random sample of 279 educators was drawn from the database of the poorly performing high schools as provided by the Western Cape Department of Education. Using closed and open-ended questions, a survey questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 21) was utilised to analyse the data. A number of descriptive statistical tests including Chi Square, and Spearman’s correlation were conducted on the data. The results suggest that highly motivated educators experience job satisfaction; and also perform better than their poorly motivated counterparts. In terms of motivation, the results further suggest that a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic factors tend to exert influence on the educators motivation. For instance, working conditions, job security, and perceived growth opportunities in order of importance were noted to be contributing factors. As far as the obstacles that these educators encounter, lack of resources, work over load and lack of recognition were noted in order of severity. A positive relationship between the factors that influence an educators’ motivation and the level of obstacles encountered was noted. The implication is that, notwithstanding the rankings of the two sets of factors, no factor should be addressed in isolation.
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McIntyre, Michael L., Steven A. Murphy, and Carol-Ann Tetrault Sirsly. "Do firms seek social license to operate when stakeholders are poor? Evidence from Africa." Corporate Governance 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-01-2014-0011.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test for the salience of social licence to operate in the context of a very poor community. The idea of social license to operate is closely linked to ideas of stakeholder power, legitimacy and urgency (Mitchell et al., 1997). But what if a community is impoverished, and lacks the tools and privileges to effect change? Do the stakeholders believe they have influence over extension of the social license to operate? Does the employer listen to them? To examine this issue, survey data was gathered from 12,000 stakeholders working in a poor township in South Africa. The township is located near a major South African city in an employment market dominated by a single heavy industry. Responders perceived their welfare to be of importance to the employer and that they had a role in extension of the social license to operate. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of 12,000 employees working in an impoverished township near a large South African city. Findings – Despite being impoverished and lacking the tools and privileges to effect change that are available in wealthier communities, responders perceived some influence over extension of social license to operate. Research limitations/implications – While responders expressed clear sentiments, their actual power to extend or withhold social license to operate is unclear, and the study did not test for this. Practical implications – The practical implication is that firms should be wary of assuming that just because a stakeholder group is impoverished, it is unaware of its role and power as a stakeholder. Social implications – The more important implication is that under conditions of poverty, responders expressed a clear desire to see impediments to work removed, rather than a desire for handouts. Originality/value – The authors doubt there has ever been a study of this kind with this large a sample, in conditions of such extreme poverty.
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Wiltshire, Anne Hilda. "Labour turnover and considerations around work: temporary farm workers in South Africa." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 1/2 (March 12, 2018): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2016-0082.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to delineates workers’ labour turnover and considerations around work, in a context of informalisation of work, through a case study of temporary non-resident farm workers in the deciduous fruit sector in Ceres, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The research design is a three-phase exploratory sequential mixed-methods strategy. Findings from 29 in-depth interviews were refined, verified and ranked in four focus groups. These informed grounded indicators in a survey of 200 farm workers employed in peak season and their 887 household members. Findings Considerations are informed by work-related insecurities, interpersonal workplace relationships and reproductive insecurity in the form of care of others, social linkages and residential insecurity, seemingly hierarchical. The least important considerations most thwart workers’ ability to complete fixed-term contracts and account for over 70 per cent of labour turnover in the form of resignations. In sum, workers experience constrained considerations around work arising from their material, social and economic conditions. Originality/value This is the first study on the labour turnover of farm workers in South Africa and the fifth globally. The research gives precedence to the voice of farm workers and is a thick description of workers’ considerations around work.
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Leubolt, Bernhard. "One or two nation projects? Discourse on inequalities and equality-related policies in South Africa and Brazil." Revista de Sociologia e Política 23, no. 55 (September 2015): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-987315235503.
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AbstractThis contribution focuses on the social production and reproduction of social inequalities in Brazil and South Africa. It aims at interlinking different theoretical perspectives and applying them to a comparative analysis of inequality-related policies. Resorting to strategic-relational institutionalism, the historical heritage of discourse formation and the institutionalization of inequality regimes in the two countries to inform the analysis of the more recent conjuncture will be analysed. While South Africa is an example of formal racist discrimination, the Brazilian inequality regime worked on more informal patterns. The different historical heritage influences current foci of equality-related policies, which tend to be dominantly anti-racist in South Africa, while focusing on poverty reduction in Brazil during the recent years. The latter experience tended more towards a discourse of a ‘common interest’ and was better able to institutionalize policies to reduce income inequalities. South Africa is still discursively divided into ‘two nations’. Social uplifting for Africans linked to the governing parties was only partially accompanied by improved living conditions for the poor majority of Africans. Both countries are significantly structured by the respective historical heritage concerning both the creation and the reduction of inequalities. The Brazilian ‘one nation’ discourse was more successful in promoting equality-related policies than its ‘two nations’ counterpart in South Africa. Despite important improvements, both countries are now in critical junctures and societal contradictions are beginning to create new crisis tendencies.
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Burgard, Sarah A., and Susan M. Lee-Rife. "Community Characteristics, Sexual Initiation, and Condom Use among Young Black South Africans." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 50, no. 3 (September 2009): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002214650905000304.
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Individual and household-level characteristics that influence sexual behavior have been extensively studied in South Africa, but community characteristics have received limited attention. We use multilevel discrete time hazard models and multilevel logistic regression models to analyze data from a representative sample of young people in KwaZulu Natal, and from several sources of community data. Results suggest that, net of individual and household characteristics, higher levels of community concentrated disadvantage are associated with increased hazard of sexual initiation and higher risk of unprotected sex. Social disorder increases the hazard of sexual initiation, while greater community social cohesion is associated with delayed sexual debut, although the latter association appears stronger for young men than for young women. We discuss these results and the ways they vary from predictions based on U.S. theory in light of conditions prevailing in contemporary South Africa.
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Schoeman, S., M. Faber, V. Adams, C. Smuts, N. Ford-Ngomane, J. Laubscher, and M. Dhansay. "Adverse social, nutrition and health conditions in rural districts of the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces, South Africa." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23, no. 3 (January 2010): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2010.11734328.
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Baron, Philip, and Christiane M. Herr. "Cybernetically informed pedagogy in two tertiary educational contexts: China and South Africa." Kybernetes 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2017-0479.
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Purpose Discussing cybernetics as an enacted practice within specific contexts, this paper aims to identify key similarities and differences of two cybernetically informed approaches to tertiary education in the distinct contexts of China and South Africa. Design/methodology/approach Making explicit and comparing two cybernetically informed educational approaches, the authors identify shared aspects as well as differences arising from their practice in social contexts that have differing norms and values. Findings The authors find that conversational settings for learning, immediacy of feedback, the key role of the teacher and assessment strategies that are matched to cybernetic learning and teaching strategies all constitute shared vital aspects of cybernetically informed teaching that are valid across two distinct educational contexts. Enacting these key aspects however requires careful adaptation to local contexts. Research limitations/implications Primarily qualitative in nature, this study is limited to the examination of two bodies of work conducted independently of each other in differing contexts. Practical implications Arising from the long-term examination of applied educational practice, findings discussed in the paper are intended to inform similar practice in other contexts. The authors however emphasise that enacted ethical practice requires careful adapting of learning and teaching strategies to local conditions. Social implications Based on the authors’ findings, the authors demonstrate the value of cybernetically informed tertiary education that emphasises ethical settings for learning on the basis of mutuality, equality and social inclusion. Originality/value Based on two bodies of work that consolidated practice-based insights independently of each other, this paper presents insights on cybernetically informed education that, shown to work well in two very different contexts, may offer a broader applicability.
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Phillips, Jon, and Saska Petrova. "The materiality of precarity: Gender, race and energy infrastructure in urban South Africa." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 53, no. 5 (January 20, 2021): 1031–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20986807.
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Analysis of precarity has offered a critique of labour market experiences and politically induced conditions of work, housing, migration, or essential services. This paper develops an infrastructural politics of precarity by analysing energy as a critical sphere of social and ecological reproduction. We employ precarity to understand how gendered and racialised vulnerability to energy deprivation is induced through political processes. In turn, analysis of energy illustrates socio-material processes of precarity, produced and contested through infrastructure. Our argument is developed through scalar analysis of energy precarity in urban South Africa, a country that complicates a North-South framing of debates on both precarity and energy. We demonstrate how energy precarity can be reproduced or destabilised through: social and material relations of housing, tenure, labour and infrastructure; the formation of gendered and racialized energy subjects; and resistance and everyday practices. We conclude that analysis of infrastructure provides insights on how precarity is contested as a shared condition and on the prospect of systemic change through struggles over distribution and production.
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Magan, Ansuyah. "Individual and social determinants of oral health in South Africa in the context of COVID-19." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 8 (September 30, 2020): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no8a4.
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The global pandemic due to infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV -2) causes the disease COVID-19 which is a mild, self-limiting disease in the majority of infected individuals.1 However, in many individuals, particularly the elderly, or those with comorbidities such as diabetes, pulmonary disease or cardiovascular conditions, infection with SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more severe symptoms, and has proved fatal.2
Given that COVID-19 is a novel disease and that there is no vaccine or specific pharmacologic treatment for it, it is likely that its impact on an individual's general health will be protracted and is yet to unfold. Oral health is inextricably linked to general health and its neglect may have negative consequences on human and economic capital. The aim of this commentary is, therefore, to highlight the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on oral health in South Africa (SA).
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Bosire, Edna N. "Patients’ Experiences of Comorbid HIV/AIDS and Diabetes Care and Management in Soweto, South Africa." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320967917.
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More people with HIV live in South Africa than anywhere else in the world. As people with HIV increasingly confront comorbid conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes, the need for integrated chronic care continues to grow. However, chronic care for patients with multimorbidities is limited in many public hospitals in South Africa. This ethnographic study describes patients’ experiences seeking care for comorbid HIV and diabetes at a public tertiary hospital in Soweto, South Africa, and self-management at home. Findings illustrate how fragmented care, multiple clinic appointments, conflicting information, and poor patient–provider communication impeded patients’ access to care for their multimorbidities. Socio-economic factors such as poverty, costly transport to the hospital, and food insecurity impeded management of multimorbidities. Integrated care for patients with multimorbidities in Soweto is imperative and must recognize the critical role social and economic conditions play in shaping the experiences of living with HIV, diabetes, and their overlap.
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Kobayashi, Lindsay C., Guy Harling, Meagan T. Farrell, Ryan G. Wagner, and Lisa F. Berkman. "DISCERNING STATUS: SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL POSITION AND COGNITIVE HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3008.
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Abstract Rapid population aging in high absolute poverty settings, such as much of South Africa, demands new research on the social context factors that affect cognitive aging in these settings. We investigated the relationships between subjective social position within one’s village and cognitive function and impairment, with the rationale that psychosocial stress induced by low relative social position may affect cognitive aging outcomes independently of absolute socioeconomic conditions. Data were from the population-representative HAALSI study of 5,059 adults aged 40+ in rural Agincourt, South Africa. Subjective social position was assessed using the MacArthur Network social ladder, which asks respondents to indicate how high up a ladder they stand, relative to others, in their village. Cognitive function was a composite z-score of time orientation and word recall tests; scores ≤1.5 standard deviations (SD) below the mean indicated cognitive impairment. Twenty percent of those on the bottom rung had cognitive impairment, declining to 2% on the top rung. In regression models adjusted for age, sex, country of birth, education, literacy, marital status, employment, and asset-based household wealth, each ladder rung increase was associated with an 0.05 SD increase in cognitive z-score (95% CI: 0.04-0.06), and a 17% decrease in odds of cognitive impairment (OR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.79-0.88); these associations were greater in magnitude than those for years of education with these cognitive outcomes. Future work should examine if these relationships persist longitudinally, and investigate the mechanisms of these relationships, including village-level contextual factors that may contribute to subjective social position in this setting.
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Krige, Detlev. "FIELDS OF DREAMS, FIELDS OF SCHEMES: PONZI FINANCE AND MULTI-LEVEL MARKETING IN SOUTH AFRICA." Africa 82, no. 1 (January 19, 2012): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972011000738.
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ABSTRACTThe structural conditions associated with increased inequality amidst rapid change brought about by growing financialization and efforts to get the ‘unbanked’ sections of society into the formal financial system have created the conditions under which illegal pyramid and ponzi schemes, fake investment schemes, and legal multi-level marketing companies have been able to flourish. In contemporary Johannesburg and Soweto the originators of money multiplication schemes and the agents who ‘work’ to recruit new members position themselves in this context as financial entrepreneurs and brokers who embody a range of seemingly contradictory discourses, drawing on discourses of ‘empowerment’, ‘self-help’, ‘entrepreneurship’ and ‘religiously sanctioned wealth and prosperity’ in the course of their risk taking in the field of finance. Based on a series of case studies of female agents of ‘push-push’ schemes, the article shows how many of these discourses reflect some of the conditions of contemporary capitalism: citizens are expected to be active investors, active entrepreneurs and hard workers who are able to work from home and without a boss. Moreover, the schemes use sophisticated technologies, marketing strategies and other practices which simulate formality, legality and sincerity – echoing religious practices and discourses. At the same time a set of cultural values and social logics that are not necessarily produced by neo-liberal capitalism and financialization, but are certainly activated by them, makes it hard for citizens to recognize or admit the forms of deception involved, unless deception is seen to be central to the operation of the modern state or the present ‘get-rich-quick’ culture. Risk taking, and pursuit of social mobility, originate in dual economy legacies, with their unfulfilled expectations, wealth disparities and frustrated class aspiration. Participants in pyramid schemes have ideologies combining ‘progress’ with ‘imminent doom’, entrepreneurship with greed: contradictory attitudes reflective of financialization in the broader world.
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Fetter, Bruce, and Stowell Kessler. "Scars from a Childhood Disease: Measles in the Concentration Camps during the Boer War." Social Science History 20, no. 4 (1996): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017582.
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He had died ignominiously and swiftly of pneumonia following measles, without ever having gotten any closer to the Yankees than the camp in South Carolina.(Mitchell 1960 [1936])Writing for an American audience in the 1930s, Margaret Mitchell was able to dispatch the husband of Scarlett O’Hara with a certain irony. By then measles had become a childhood disease that was seldom fatal. During the nineteenth century, however, measles was not so lightly dismissed. Epidemics in populations with high proportions of susceptible individuals could be dangerous indeed. This article traces the history of measles in South Africa, showing how political and economic changes temporarily produced conditions that led to a devastating epidemic during the Boer War (1899–1902). It then compares the history of measles in South Africa with that in Great Britain and closes with a discussion of the relationship between human and biological causes in the history of the disease.
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Charman, Andrew J. E., Leif M. Petersen, Laurence E. Piper, Rory Liedeman, and Teresa Legg. "Small Area Census Approach to Measure the Township Informal Economy in South Africa." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 11, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689815572024.
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In this article, we describe a research approach to undertaking a small area census to identify informal economy activity, using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative tools. The method focuses on enterprise activity. The approach enables the researcher to record a broader spectrum of informal micro-enterprises through identifying businesses in situ within an area of sufficient scale to broadly reflect area-level market conditions and business dynamics. The approach comprises an enterprise census, a survey of all identified micro-enterprises in key sectors, in-depth interviews, and participatory research techniques. The article reports on the application of this method in eight case sites, located in township settlements within five major cities in South Africa. The research identified 9,400 individual enterprises, entailing 10,220 primary and secondary activities, distributed within a population of 325,000 and comprising 97,000 households. The approach permits significant advances to our understanding of the spatial dynamics of the informal sector. The research data has enabled the researcher to make original contributions to understanding informal enterprise activities in grocery retailing, liquor trade, and traditional medicine sectors.