Relevant bibliographies by topics / Style GAN

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Style GAN'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Style GAN"

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Yang, Shuai, Jiaying Liu, Wenjing Wang, and Zongming Guo. "TET-GAN: Text Effects Transfer via Stylization and Destylization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 1238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011238.

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Text effects transfer technology automatically makes the text dramatically more impressive. However, previous style transfer methods either study the model for general style, which cannot handle the highly-structured text effects along the glyph, or require manual design of subtle matching criteria for text effects. In this paper, we focus on the use of the powerful representation abilities of deep neural features for text effects transfer. For this purpose, we propose a novel Texture Effects Transfer GAN (TET-GAN), which consists of a stylization subnetwork and a destylization subnetwork. The key idea is to train our network to accomplish both the objective of style transfer and style removal, so that it can learn to disentangle and recombine the content and style features of text effects images. To support the training of our network, we propose a new text effects dataset with as much as 64 professionally designed styles on 837 characters. We show that the disentangled feature representations enable us to transfer or remove all these styles on arbitrary glyphs using one network. Furthermore, the flexible network design empowers TET-GAN to efficiently extend to a new text style via oneshot learning where only one example is required. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in generating high-quality stylized text over the state-of-the-art methods.
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Hatakeyama, Taro, Ryusuke Saito, Komei Hiruta, Atsushi Hashimoto, and Satoshi Kurihara. "Invertible Conditional GAN Revisited: Photo-to-Manga Face Translation with Modern Architectures (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 16224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26972.

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Recent style translation methods have extended their transferability from texture to geometry. However, performing translation while preserving image content when there is a significant style difference is still an open problem. To overcome this problem, we propose Invertible Conditional Fast GAN (IcFGAN) based on GAN inversion and cFGAN. It allows for unpaired photo-to-manga face translation. Experimental results show that our method could translate styles under significant style gaps, while the state-of-the-art methods could hardly preserve image content.
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Gao, Yiming, and Jiangqin Wu. "GAN-Based Unpaired Chinese Character Image Translation via Skeleton Transformation and Stroke Rendering." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 01 (April 3, 2020): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5405.

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The automatic style translation of Chinese characters (CH-Char) is a challenging problem. Different from English or general artistic style transfer, Chinese characters contain a large number of glyphs with the complicated content and characteristic style. Early methods on CH-Char synthesis are inefficient and require manual intervention. Recently some GAN-based methods are proposed for font generation. The supervised GAN-based methods require numerous image pairs, which is difficult for many chirography styles. In addition, unsupervised methods often cause the blurred and incorrect strokes. Therefore, in this work, we propose a three-stage Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture for multi-chirography image translation, which is divided into skeleton extraction, skeleton transformation and stroke rendering with unpaired training data. Specifically, we first propose a fast skeleton extraction method (ENet). Secondly, we utilize the extracted skeleton and the original image to train a GAN model, RNet (a stroke rendering network), to learn how to render the skeleton with stroke details in target style. Finally, the pre-trained model RNet is employed to assist another GAN model, TNet (a skeleton transformation network), to learn to transform the skeleton structure on the unlabeled skeleton set. We demonstrate the validity of our method on two chirography datasets we established.
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Han, Xinying, Yang Wu, and Rui Wan. "A Method for Style Transfer from Artistic Images Based on Depth Extraction Generative Adversarial Network." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020867.

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Depth extraction generative adversarial network (DE-GAN) is designed for artistic work style transfer. Traditional style transfer models focus on extracting texture features and color features from style images through an autoencoding network by mixing texture features and color features using high-dimensional coding. In the aesthetics of artworks, the color, texture, shape, and spatial features of the artistic object together constitute the artistic style of the work. In this paper, we propose a multi-feature extractor to extract color features, texture features, depth features, and shape masks from style images with U-net, multi-factor extractor, fast Fourier transform, and MiDas depth estimation network. At the same time, a self-encoder structure is used as the content extraction network core to generate a network that shares style parameters with the feature extraction network and finally realizes the generation of artwork images in three-dimensional artistic styles. The experimental analysis shows that compared with other advanced methods, DE-GAN-generated images have higher subjective image quality, and the generated style pictures are more consistent with the aesthetic characteristics of real works of art. The quantitative data analysis shows that images generated using the DE-GAN method have better performance in terms of structural features, image distortion, image clarity, and texture details.
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Wu, Xinlong, Desheng Zheng, Kexin Zhang, Yanling Lai, Zhifeng Liu, and Zhihong Zhang. "Implementation of Art Pictures Style Conversion with GAN." Journal of Quantum Computing 3, no. 4 (2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/jqc.2021.017251.

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YUAN, Honghui, and Keiji YANAI. "Multi-Style Shape Matching GAN for Text Images." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E107.D, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2023ihp0010.

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Hou, Haodi, Jing Huo, Jing Wu, Yu-Kun Lai, and Yang Gao. "MW-GAN: Multi-Warping GAN for Caricature Generation With Multi-Style Geometric Exaggeration." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 30 (2021): 8644–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3118984.

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Jiang, Sidong, Yuyao Yan, Yiming Lin, Xi Yang, and Kaizhu Huang. "Sketch to Building: Architecture Image Translation Based on GAN." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2278, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2278/1/012036.

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Abstract Image-to-image translation with Generative Adversarial Networks has been extensively studied recently. However, it remains still very challenging for sketch-to-image translation owing to large domain gap and information asymmetry problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel two-step method as well as designing an interactive system which can generate different styles of architecture images from a hand-drawn sketch. In our framework, either an architecture sketch can be drawn and then translated into a color image, or an architecture photo can be loaded, followed by sketch generation, modification, and translation. Style images can also be manually selected for different output styles. Experimental results show that our method has better performance on both image quality and diversity than the other competitive methods.
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Zhang, Lei. "Analysis of Guzheng Music Style Transformation Based on Generative Adversarial Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4950231.

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With the emergence of more and more new music styles, Guzheng, a traditional national musical instrument that has been handed down for thousands of years, also faces new challenges. However, with the development of the times and aesthetics, composers have created various modern Guzheng music, thus injecting new vitality into the development of Guzheng. In order to study the mutual conversion between Guzheng music and other music, this paper proposes a Guzheng music conversion model based on Star generative adversarial networks (GAN), which can convert any length of music and realize the music conversion between various styles. Based on the idea of star GAN, this model uses Mel spectrum of music and random target style tags to train a general generator to generate a specified music style. It is found that the model proposed in this paper has better conversion effect between similar styles of music; that is, when Guzheng music is converted into pop and flute, the effect is the best, the average accuracy is 89.62% and 90.32%, respectively, and the cosine similarity is also 15.8 and 20.5.
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Yeom, Jihyeon, Heekyung Yang, and Kyungha Min. "An Attention-Based Generative Adversarial Network for Producing Illustrative Sketches." Mathematics 9, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9212791.

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An illustrative sketch style expresses important shapes and regions of objects and scenes with salient lines and dark tones, while abstracting less important shapes and regions as vacant spaces. We present a framework that produces illustrative sketch styles from various photographs. Our framework is designed using a generative adversarial network (GAN), which comprised four modules: a style extraction module, a generator module, a discriminator module and RCCL module. We devise two key ideas to effectively extract illustrative sketch styles from sample artworks and to apply them to input photographs. The first idea is using an attention map that extracts the required style features from important shapes and regions of sample illustrative sketch styles. This attention map is used in the generator module of our framework for the effective production of illustrative sketch styles. The second idea is using a relaxed cycle consistency loss that evaluates the quality of the produced illustrative sketch styles by comparing images that are reconstructed from the produced illustrative sketch styles and the input photographs. This relaxed cycle consistency loss focuses on the comparison of important shapes and regions for an effective evaluation of the quality of the produced illustrative sketch styles. Our GAN-based framework with an attention map and a relaxed cycle consistency loss effectively produces illustrative sketch styles on various target photographs, including portraits, landscapes, and still lifes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework through a human study, ablation study, and Frechet Inception Distance evaluation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Style GAN"

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Kola, Ramya Sree. "Generation of synthetic plant images using deep learning architecture." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18450.

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Background: Generative Adversarial Networks (Goodfellow et al., 2014) (GANs)are the current state of the art machine learning data generating systems. Designed with two neural networks in the initial architecture proposal, generator and discriminator. These neural networks compete in a zero-sum game technique, to generate data having realistic properties inseparable to that of original datasets. GANs have interesting applications in various domains like Image synthesis, 3D object generation in gaming industry, fake music generation(Dong et al.), text to image synthesis and many more. Despite having a widespread application domains, GANs are popular for image data synthesis. Various architectures have been developed for image synthesis evolving from fuzzy images of digits to photorealistic images. Objectives: In this research work, we study various literature on different GAN architectures. To understand significant works done essentially to improve the GAN architectures. The primary objective of this research work is synthesis of plant images using Style GAN (Karras, Laine and Aila, 2018) variant of GAN using style transfer. The research also focuses on identifying various machine learning performance evaluation metrics that can be used to measure Style GAN model for the generated image datasets. Methods: A mixed method approach is used in this research. We review various literature work on GANs and elaborate in detail how each GAN networks are designed and how they evolved over the base architecture. We then study the style GAN (Karras, Laine and Aila, 2018a) design details. We then study related literature works on GAN model performance evaluation and measure the quality of generated image datasets. We conduct an experiment to implement the Style based GAN on leaf dataset(Kumar et al., 2012) to generate leaf images that are similar to the ground truth. We describe in detail various steps in the experiment like data collection, preprocessing, training and configuration. Also, we evaluate the performance of Style GAN training model on the leaf dataset. Results: We present the results of literature review and the conducted experiment to address the research questions. We review and elaborate various GAN architecture and their key contributions. We also review numerous qualitative and quantitative evaluation metrics to measure the performance of a GAN architecture. We then present the generated synthetic data samples from the Style based GAN learning model at various training GPU hours and the latest synthetic data sample after training for around ~8 GPU days on leafsnap dataset (Kumar et al., 2012). The results we present have a decent quality to expand the dataset for most of the tested samples. We then visualize the model performance by tensorboard graphs and an overall computational graph for the learning model. We calculate the Fréchet Inception Distance score for our leaf Style GAN and is observed to be 26.4268 (the lower the better). Conclusion: We conclude the research work with an overall review of sections in the paper. The generated fake samples are much similar to the input ground truth and appear to be convincingly realistic for a human visual judgement. However, the calculated FID score to measure the performance of the leaf StyleGAN accumulates a large value compared to that of Style GANs original celebrity HD faces image data set. We attempted to analyze the reasons for this large score.
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Yao, Xu. "Latent representations for facial images and video editing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT019.

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Apprendre à éditer des images et des vidéos de visages est un domaine particulièrement actif dans la recherche académique et industrielle. Cette thèse aborde le problème de l'édition de visages dans le cas particulier des images et des vidéos à haute résolution. Dans cette thèse, nous développons des méthodes basées sur l'apprentissage profond pour effectuer l'édition d'images faciales. Plus précisément, nous explorons la tâche en utilisant les représentations latentes obtenues à partir de deux types de réseaux neuronaux profonds : les modèles basés sur l'auto-encodage et les réseaux antagonistes génératifs (GAN). Pour chaque type de méthode, nous considérons un problème spécifique d'édition d'image et proposons une solution efficace qui surpasse l'état de l'art. La thèse comprend deux parties. Dans la partie I, nous explorons les tâches d'édition d'images via l'espace latent des autoencodeurs. Nous considérons d'abord la tâche de transfert de style entre les photos, et proposons un algorithme efficace qui est construit sur une paire de réseaux basés sur des autoencodeurs. Ensuite, nous étudions la tâche d'édition de l'âge du visage pour les images à haute résolution, en utilisant une architecture d'encodeur-décodeur. Le réseau proposé encode une image de visage en représentations de caractéristiques invariantes selon l'âge, et apprend un vecteur de modulation correspondant à un âge cible. Notre approche permet une édition fine de l'âge sur des images à haute résolution dans un seul modèle unifié.Dans la deuxième partie, nous explorons la tâche d'édition via l'espace latent des modèles antagonistes génératifs (GAN). Tout d'abord, nous considérons le problème de l'édition "démêlée" (disentangled) des attributs faciaux sur des images synthétiques et réelles, en proposant un réseau de transformation latent qui agit dans l'espace latent d'un modèle GAN pré-entraîné. Nous avons également proposé un pipeline de manipulation vidéo, afin de généraliser le résultat de l'édition aux vidéos. Deuxièmement, nous étudions le problème de l'inversion du GAN - la projection d'une image réelle dans l'espace latent d'un GAN pré-entraîné. En particulier, nous proposons un encodeur feed-forward, qui encode une image donnée en un code caractéristique et un code latent en une seule passe. L'encodeur proposé s'avère plus précis et plus stable pour l'inversion d'images et de vidéos, tout en conservant de bonnes capacités d'édition
Learning to edit facial images and videos is one of the most popular tasks in both academia and industrial research. This thesis addresses the problem of face editing for the special case of high-resolution images and videos.In this thesis, we develop deep learning-based methods to perform facial image editing. Specifically, we explore the task using the latent representations obtained from two types of deep neural networks: autoencoder-based models and generative adversarial networks. For each type of method, we consider a specific image editing problem and propose an effective solution that outperforms the state-of-the-art.The thesis contains two parts. In part I, we explore image editing tasks via the latent space of autoencoders. We first consider the style transfer task between photos and propose an effective algorithm that is built on a pair of autoencoder-based networks. Second, we study the face age editing task for high-resolution images, using an encoder-decoder architecture. The proposed network encodes a face image to age-invariant feature representations and learns a modulation vector corresponding to a target age. Our approach allows for fine-grained age editing on high-resolution images in a single unified model.In part II, we explore the editing task via the latent space of generative adversarial models (GANs). First, we consider the problem of facial attribute disentangled editing on synthetic and real images, by proposing a latent transformation network that acts in the latent space of a pre-trained GAN model. We also proposed a video manipulation pipeline, to generalize the editing result to videos. Second, we investigate the problem of GAN inversion -- the projection of a real image to the latent space of a pretrained GAN. In particular, we propose a feed-forward encoder, which encodes a given image to a feature code and a latent code in one pass. The proposed encoder is shown to be more accurate and stable for image and video inversion, meanwhile, maintaining good editing capacities
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Wang, Mo. "Styles cognitifs des élèves chinois de l'enseignement secondaire en Chine et leurs influences sur l'éducation mathématique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2088/document.

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Le style cognitif est un domaine bien étudié et approfondi dans les pays occidentaux, surtout aux États-Unis, mais il reste peu développé par les chercheurs chinois. Cette notion est à propos de la personnalité, de la façon de traiter des informations reçus chez les différents individus, et elle peut aussi porter une influence sur l’éducation, qui contient l’éducation de mathématiques. En Chine, les mathématiques sont une matière principale et importante dans le système éducatif, et sous un contexte particulier de la société chinoise, un système éducatif chinois s’est formé. La phase secondaire est la phase la plus représentative dans le système éducatif chinois, et sous le contexte particulier, il faut considérer les styles cognitifs les plus fréquents chez les élèves et aussi le style cognitif de chaque élève pour trouver des méthodes d’améliorer l’éducation mathématique aux écoles secondaires. Pour ce but, il faut bien prendre en considération le côté d’apprentissage et le côté de didactique. Ainsi, notre travail va commencer par une étude des recherches et des théories matures de style cognitif qui serviront de base théorique, et ensuite avec la présentation du contexte de l’éducation mathématique en Chine nous allons pouvoir mieux le lier avec le style cognitif. Avec les résultats de notre recherche nous analysons et proposons des manières possibles au niveau de politique, de didactique et d’apprentissage pour améliorer l’éducation mathématique aux écoles secondaires en profitant des théories de style cognitif et des résultats de notre recherche
The cognitive style is a well-developed and studied domain in western countries, especially in USA, but it is still a new ground for Chinese researchers. This conception is about the personality, the way to treat the received information for individuals, and it can also influence the education, which includes of course the mathematic education. In China, the mathematic is a principle subject at school in the Chinese educational system. With a special background in the society of China, a special educational system has been formed. The secondary education is the most typical in this educational system, and we need to think about the most frequent cognitive styles among Chinese students and also the cognitive style of each student to find the best methods to make the mathematic education better and more appropriate. For this destination, we need to consider the side of learning and the side of teaching. Therefore, our work will start by a presentation of the researches of cognitive styles and those mature theories, which can be our theoretical base, and then we will connect the education of mathematic with cognitive styles by a presentation of the situation of mathematics education in China. With the results of our research, we will analysis and make some advises about the politics of education, of the teaching and learning methods to try to ameliorate the mathematic education in China with help of cognitive styles and this research
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D'Ascoli, Joseph. "The Lure of Gambling: What State Governments Can Gain from the Legalization and Expansion of Gambling." Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/372.

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Thesis advisor: Richard McGowan
Gambling, both in the casino-style and lottery forms, has risen to become a major component of the entertainment industry in the United States. State governments are the gatekeepers of this growing industry, holding the power to legalize and regulate all aspects of gambling. This thesis explores the rationale state governments have for legalizing gambling as well as the impact gambling tax revenues have for state budgets. The main focus is casino-style gambling, as casino-style gambling in particular is being pursued for expansion by numerous states in a variety of forms. As various forms of gambling are legalized throughout the country, a state's gambling interests begin to face competition from both neighboring states and other forms of gambling within the state. Econometric models attempted to predict the tax revenues a state can obtain from legalized gambling based on such competition and a states own demographics. The results support a first-mover advantage for states expanding casino-style gambling and finds that new forms of gambling significantly erode established gambling industries
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
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Estenson, Lilly. "(R)Evolution Grrrl Style Now: Disidentification and Evolution within Riot Grrrl Feminism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/94.

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This thesis examines the evolution of feminist praxis within the riot grrrl movement, focusing on two specific riot grrrl demographics - founding riot grrrls in the early 1990s and currently active riot grrrls in southern California. This thesis argues that riot grrrl activism is still thriving but in diverse, strategically modified ways. Using José Muñoz’s concept of “disidentification,” it analyzes how contemporary riot grrrls have appropriated and adapted the original movement’s tenets to allow for greater accessibility and diversity.
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Suprina, Joffrey Scott. "Using Life-Style and Coping Resources to Differentiate Between Gay Men With and Without Alcohol Problems: An Adlerian Study." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06292006-153529/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Catherine Y. Chang, committee chair; Kenneth B. Matheny, Roy M. Kern, Catherine J. Brack, Brain J. Dew, committee members. Electronic text (74 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 29, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-74).
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Li, Xin Ling. "Who stole the beat? : black masculinity, hip-hop music, and the black gay men who rap." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708221.

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Petersson, Erik, and Oscar Östergaard. "Two Styles of the Insight Creation Process : A multiple case study of how four organizations gain insights from external information." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176559.

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Using external information to gain insights is becoming increasingly important in today’s knowledge based economies. However, from both research and practice it is somewhat unclear how organizations manage these activities. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to explore how four different organizations manage their insight creation process from external information. To do this, a literature review about insight creation is done to create an analytical framework. Based on this framework, the insight creation process is analyzed within the organizations to find characteristics of each process. Next, a cross case analysis is conducted that reveal the main differences between the organizations. The results indicate two main styles of managing the insight creation process that can be differentiated with regards to formality. As such, this paper complements previous research within the area of competitive intelligence and knowledge management in the sense that it increases the understanding of the insight creation process.
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Foushee, Kenneth M. "The relationship between adult basic and adult secondary educational instructional styles and learner outcomes when measured as educational gain on the national reporting system." Thesis, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3705174.

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The research activity was designed to explore the idea of a predominance of one of two teaching styles, defined as teacher-centered or learner-centered, among adult basic education and adult secondary education teachers in Missouri. The Principles of Adult Learning Scale (Conti, 1985), consisting of 44 questions, was employed to identify the teaching style of respondents. The scores on the survey were compared to the educational outcome measure provided by the Department of Education and State of Missouri with the intention that conclusions as to the efficacy of one of the two styles would be revealed.

The survey was distributed to the 36 adult education programs in Missouri Three total attempts to obtain responses were made during the survey period. Of the 756 full- and part-time teachers in the Missouri system, 89 surveys were returned but due to improperly identified or unidentified numbers, only 34 of the survey responses were deemed usable.

Requiring a minimum sample of approximately 250 upon which to draw inferential conclusions, no generalizations could be drawn about the larger population of Missouri adult basic education and adult secondary education teachers. Descriptive statistics relative to the 34 participants revealed that most of the teachers were female and the highest education level was the doctorate, but most teachers held masters. The sample group average age was above 40 with 42 % older than 60. As to tenure in adult education 62 % of responding teachers had taught adult education for more than five years and 42% greater than 10 years. The 34 teachers favored teacher-centered instructional methods versus student-centered instructional methods.

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COSTA, Bárbara Miranda Ferreira. "Repercussões dos fatores socioeconômicos, de estilo de vida e nutricionais no ganho ponderal excessivo no ciclo gravídico-puerperal." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1774.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de mestrado barbara miranda ferreira.pdf: 429667 bytes, checksum: d95226fbacb3328ed858bfd9c2fdc8cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-12
The excessive gestational weight gain can cause harmful consequences for both the mother and for the fetus. Nutritional, lifestyle, economic and social factors can affect the weight gain above recommendations. Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional (caloric intake, macro and micronutrients), lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, reproductive behavior) and economic (income) factors associated with the excessive weight gain in eutrophic pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study included 200 low-risk pregnant women in 2 public obstetric hospitals in Goiás, Brazil. The women that agreed to this study were divided in 2 groups: cases with excessive weight gain (> 16Kg) and controls within the recommended weight gain for eutrophic pregnant (11.50 < a < 16Kg), matched on age. The women were inquired about their food intake during the gestational period, by means of a quantitative and qualitative food-frequency questionnaire validated and adapted to the low income regional people. The women were inquired about their economic and lifestyle conditions, too. The software for statistical analyze were the SPSS version 17.0. Were used the folowing tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Fisher, Student´s t, chi-square (x²), odds ratio (CI 95%), Mann-Whitney, Spearman´s correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression. Results: The median age was 25.00 (22.00-29.00) years-old for cases and 24.00 (22.00-28.00) years-old for controls (p=0.52). The median per capita income was R$ 303.75 (225.60-500.00) for cases and R$ 333.33 (175.00-480.00) for controls (p=0.41). The median education level was 10.50 (9.00-12.00) years for cases and 11.00 (9.00-12.00) years for controls (p=0.77). There was 13.00 (13%) smokers among cases and 8.00 (8%) among controls (p=0.25). The frequency of regular physical activity was 28.00 (28%) pregnant women among cases and 31.00 (31%) among controls (p=0.65). About the reproductive behavior, there were no differences between groups for the parity (p=0.45) and abortion (p=0.90). The birth interval was 27.00 (0.00-60.75) months in cases and 22.50 (0.00-47.75) in controls (p=0.34). The following variables showed in the univariate analysis a significant correlation coefficient (ρ) to the weight gain: calories = 0.15 (p=0.04), protein = 0.16 (p=0.03), total cholesterol = 0.21 (p<0.01), retinol = 0.21 (p<0.01), iron = 0.18 (p=0.01), zinc = 0.15 (p=0.04), selenium = 0.19 (p<0.01) and phosphorus = 0.16 (p=0.03). The median of the satured fat intake was 36.57 grams (23.37 51.06) in the case group and 28.21 grams (19.92 41.90) in the control group (p=0.04). In the multivariate analysis the protein intake was the only independente variable associated with excessive pregnant weight gain. Conclusion: The factors associated with the excessive weight gain in the group of cases were total caloric intake, proteins, satured fat, cholesterol, retinol, iron, zinc, selenium and phosphorus, and in special, the protein intake. Lifestyle and economic factors didn t affect weight gain.
O ganho ponderal excessivo na gestação pode trazer consequências maléficas tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto. Fatores sociais, econômicos, de estilo de vida e nutricionais podem ser responsáveis por este ganho de peso acima das recomendações. Objetivos: Avaliar os fatores econômicos (renda), de estilo de vida (tabagismo, prática de atividade física, comportamento reprodutivo) e nutricionais (consumo calórico, macro e micronutrientes) que podem estar relacionados ao ganho de peso excessivo em gestantes eutróficas. Metodologia: Este estudo de caso-controle incluiu 200 gestantes de baixo risco obstétrico de 2 maternidades públicas do Estado de Goiás. Todas as gestantes que concordaram em participar do estudo foram divididas em 2 grupos: casos com ganho de peso excessivo (> 16Kg) e controles com ganho de peso dentro do recomendado (11,50 < a < 16Kg), pareados por idade. As mulheres foram entrevistadas com relação ao seu consumo alimentar durante o período gestacional através de um questionário quantitativo e qualitativo de frequência de consumo alimentar validado e adaptado à população regional de baixa renda. Elas também foram questionadas sobre sua condição econômica e de estilo de vida. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa SPSS, versão 17.0. Foram aplicados os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Fisher, t de Student, qui-quadrado (x²), odds ratio (IC 95%), Mann-Whitney, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e regressão linear multivariada. Resultados: A mediana da idade das pacientes foi 25,00 (22,00-29,00) anos para os casos e 24,00 (22,00-28,00) anos para os controles (p=0,52). A renda per capita foi de R$ 303,75 (225,60-500,00) para casos e R$ 333,33 (175,00-480,00) para controles (p=0,41). A mediana de escolaridade foi de 10,50 (9,00-12,00) anos para casos e 11,00 (9,00-12,00) anos para controles (p=0,77). Houve 13,00 (13%) fumantes no grupo de casos e 8,00 (8%) no grupo de controles (p=0,25). A frequência da prática de atividade física regular foi de 28,00 (28%) das gestantes nos casos e 31,00 (31%) nos controles (p=0,65). Em relação ao comportamento reprodutivo, não houve diferenças entre a frequência de paridade (p=0,45) e abortos (p=0,90) entre os grupos. O intervalo intergestacional foi de 27,00 (0,00-60,75) meses entre os casos e de 22,50 (0,00-47,75) meses entre os controles (p=0,34). As seguintes variáveis apresentaram na análise univariada um coeficiente de correlação (ρ) com o ganho de peso significante: calorias = 0,15 (p=0,04), proteínas = 0,16 (p=0,03), colesterol total = 0,21 (p<0,01), retinol = 0,21 (p<0,01), ferro = 0,18 (p=0,01), zinco = 0,15 (p=0,04), selênio = 0,19 (p<0,01) e fósforo = 0,16 (p=0,03). A mediana do consumo de gordura saturada foi de 36,57 gramas (23,37 - 51,06) no grupo de casos e 28,21 gramas (19,92 - 41,90) no grupo controle (p=0,04). Na análise multivariada o consumo protéico foi a única variável independente relacionada ao ganho de peso excessivo na gestação. Conclusão: O consumo calórico, as proteínas, a gordura saturada, o colesterol, o retinol, ferro, zinco, selênio e fósforo estiveram relacionados ao maior ganho ponderal observado no grupo de casos, em especial o consumo protéico. Os fatores econômicos e de estilo de vida não influenciaram o ganho de peso.
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Books on the topic "Style GAN"

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Xu shi wen xue gan ran li yan jiu. Tianjin Shi: Bai hua wen yi chu ban she, 1995.

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Bolin, Lin, Zhu Yanhui, and Du Peizhen, eds. Dang zheng gan bu shi yong wen ti du xie. Taiyuan: Shanxi ren min chu ban she, 1986.

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Cao, Yizhen. "Hong lou meng" qing gan jiang shu yu ci de xu shi gong neng. Hangzhou: Zhejiang da xue chu ban she, 2015.

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Dong Han Gan Lingxiang shang bo can bei: Dong Han zhao hou xiao zi can bei. [Nanning]: Guangxi mei shu chu ban she, 2002.

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1725-1805, Wessely Naphtali Herz, Sanders Yehonatan, and Yeshivat ha-hesder Rishon le-Tsiyon "Otsrot ḥayim.", eds. Gan naʻul: U-vo sheloshah batim ... : kol elu ḥeleḳ mi-maʻarekhet sefarim be-shem "Levanon", ha-ba le-varer ule-laben yesodot ṿe-shorshe leshon ha-ḳodesh, meshalaṿ u-melitsotaṿ. Rishon le-Tsiyon: Yeshivat ha-hesder Rishon le-Tsiyon "Otsrot ḥayim", 2016.

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Wen ti xue gai lun. Changsha: Hunan jiao yu chu ban she, 1986.

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Ci zhang xue gai lun. Fuzhou: Fujian jiao yu chu ban she, 1986.

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Yishan, Sun, ed. Xie zuo gai lun. Beijing: Guang ming ri bao chu ban she, 1986.

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Belmondo style. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2004.

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Zheng gang Tai cai 100 dao. Taibei Xian Zhonghe Shi: Shan shu fang wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Style GAN"

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Melnyk, Virginia Ellyn. "Punch Card Patterns Designed with GAN." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 69–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_7.

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AbstractKnitting punch cards codify different stitch patterns into binary patterns, telling the machine when to change color or to generate different stitch types. This research utilizes Neural Networks (NN) and image-based Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), with an image database of knitting punch cards, to generate new punch card designs. The hypothesis is that artificial intelligence will learn the basic underlying structures of the punch cards and the pattern makeup that is inherent across patterns of different styles and cultures. Different neural networks were utilized throughout the research, such as Neural Style Transfer (NST), AdaIN Style Transfers, and StyleGAN2. The results from these explorations offer different insights into pattern design and various outcomes of the different neural networks. Ultimately physically testing these punch card designs, these patterns were knit on a domestic knitting machine, resulting in novel fabrication and design techniques that are both digital and craft-based.
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Madi, Boraq, Reem Alaasam, Ahmad Droby, and Jihad El-Sana. "HST-GAN: Historical Style Transfer GAN for Generating Historical Text Images." In Document Analysis Systems, 523–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06555-2_35.

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Yang, Zuoyun, and Hongqiong Huang. "Comic Image Style Transfer Based on De-GAN." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Academic Conference on Blockchain, Information Technology and Smart Finance (ICBIS 2023), 949–56. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-198-2_99.

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Raju, Jaya Chandra, Kompella Subha Gayatri, Keerthi Ram, Rajeswaran Rangasami, Rajoo Ramachandran, and Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam. "MIST GAN: Modality Imputation Using Style Transfer for MRI." In Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, 327–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87589-3_34.

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Vidal-Gorène, Chahan, Jean-Baptiste Camps, and Thibault Clérice. "Synthetic Lines from Historical Manuscripts: An Experiment Using GAN and Style Transfer." In Image Analysis and Processing - ICIAP 2023 Workshops, 477–88. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51026-7_40.

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Shu, Jian, Yuehui Chen, Yi Cao, and Yaou Zhao. "SA-GAN: Chinese Character Style Transfer Based on Skeleton and Attention Model." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 576–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4742-3_48.

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Yao, Xu, Alasdair Newson, Yann Gousseau, and Pierre Hellier. "A Style-Based GAN Encoder for High Fidelity Reconstruction of Images and Videos." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 581–97. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19784-0_34.

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Huang, Yaoxiong, Mengchao He, Lianwen Jin, and Yongpan Wang. "RD-GAN: Few/Zero-Shot Chinese Character Style Transfer via Radical Decomposition and Rendering." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 156–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58539-6_10.

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Li, Yuqian, Weiguo Xu, and Xingchen Liu. "Research on Architectural Generation Design of Specific Architect's Sketch Based on Image-To-Image Translation." In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 314–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_28.

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AbstractSketch is a way for architects to communicate with others. Architects record their own ideas through rapid drawing. However, sketches are abstract, vague, and even ambiguous. To this end, architects need to spend a lot of time, through modeling and other means, to present the architectural plan that can be understood by people. However, this method is time-consuming and laborious. Due to the development of deep learning technology, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN) and generative adversarial networks (GAN), they have shown great advantages in the field of image recognition and generation. With the help of these technologies, ambiguous architectural sketches can be directly transformed into architectural scheme drawings, and architects’ creative intentions can be continuously improved and developed, It will be very convenient and efficient. Therefore, based on the image-to-image translation, this paper realizes the mapping from architectural sketches to architectural scheme drawings with the help of CycleGAN. Through the analysis of the architectural generation design results of Frank Gehry's and Alberto Campo Baeza's architectural sketches, firstly, the feasibility of this method is verified. Secondly, it is found that this method can well complete the identification of sketch boundaries. In the generated scheme drawings, it can not only reflect the volume and lighting changes of the building, but also reflect the architect's creative intention and style to a large extent, The side reflects the cognitive ability of this method to architectural design.
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Chen, Yen-Chia, Lieu-Hen Chen, Hiroki Shibata, and Yasufumi Takama. "Styled Comic Portrait Synthesis Based on GAN." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96451-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Style GAN"

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Zuo, Zhiwen, Lei Zhao, Shuobin Lian, Haibo Chen, Zhizhong Wang, Ailin Li, Wei Xing, and Dongming Lu. "Style Fader Generative Adversarial Networks for Style Degree Controllable Artistic Style Transfer." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/693.

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Artistic style transfer is the task of synthesizing content images with learned artistic styles. Recent studies have shown the potential of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for producing artistically rich stylizations. Despite the promising results, they usually fail to control the generated images' style degree, which is inflexible and limits their applicability for practical use. To address the issue, in this paper, we propose a novel method that for the first time allows adjusting the style degree for existing GAN-based artistic style transfer frameworks in real time after training. Our method introduces two novel modules into existing GAN-based artistic style transfer frameworks: a Style Scaling Injection (SSI) module and a Style Degree Interpretation (SDI) module. The SSI module accepts the value of Style Degree Factor (SDF) as the input and outputs parameters that scale the feature activations in existing models, offering control signals to alter the style degrees of the stylizations. And the SDI module interprets the output probabilities of a multi-scale content-style binary classifier as the style degrees, providing a mechanism to parameterize the style degree of the stylizations. Moreover, we show that after training our method can enable existing GAN-based frameworks to produce over-stylizations. The proposed method can facilitate many existing GAN-based artistic style transfer frameworks with marginal extra training overheads and modifications. Extensive qualitative evaluations on two typical GAN-based style transfer models demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for gaining style degree control for them.
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Sakao, Naho, and Yoshinori Dobashi. "Fonts Style Transfer using Conditional GAN." In 2019 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cw.2019.00075.

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Gao, Jingzhi, and Xuesong Su. "Style-Infused Image Restoration with GAN." In 2023 4th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Control (ICCEIC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icceic60201.2023.10426692.

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Zhou, Zhiyao, Yi Yang, Zhuohao Cai, Yusi Yang, and Lan Lin. "Combined Layer GAN for Image Style Transfer*." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compem.2019.8778838.

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Wu, Xiao, Yaochen Li, Zelin Hao, Chuan Wu, Xiaochun Wang, and Yuehu Liu. "Image Style Transformation Based on structure GAN." In 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac48633.2019.8996315.

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Mao, Wenyu, Jixing Li, Xiaozhou Guo, Ronxuan Shen, Huaxiang Lu, Zhanzhong Cao, Xinggang Wang, and Chi Zhang. "SSCGAN: speech style conversion based on GAN." In International Conference on Algorithms, Microchips, and Network Applications, edited by Fengjie Cen and Ning Sun. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2636492.

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Mittermueller, Martina, Zhanxiang Ye, and Helmut Hlavacs. "EST-GAN: Enhancing Style Transfer GANs with Intermediate Game Render Passes." In 2022 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cog51982.2022.9893673.

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Li, Xiang, Lei Wu, Changshuo Wang, Lei Meng, and Xiangxu Meng. "Compositional Zero-Shot Artistic Font Synthesis." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/122.

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Recently, many researchers have made remarkable achievements in the field of artistic font synthesis, with impressive glyph style and effect style in the results. However, due to less exploration in style disentanglement, it is difficult for existing methods to envision a kind of unseen style (glyph-effect) compositions of artistic font, and thus can only learn the seen style compositions. To solve this problem, we propose a novel compositional zero-shot artistic font synthesis gan (CAFS-GAN), which allows the synthesis of unseen style compositions by exploring the visual independence and joint compatibility of encoding semantics between glyph and effect. Specifically, we propose two contrast-based style encoders to achieve style disentanglement due to glyph and effect intertwining in the image. Meanwhile, to preserve more glyph and effect detail, we propose a generator based on hierarchical dual styles AdaIN to reorganize content-styles representations from structure to texture gradually. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our model in generating high-quality artistic font images with unseen style compositions against other state-of-the-art methods. The source code and data is available at moonlight03.github.io/CAFS-GAN/.
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Bui, Nhat-Tan, Hai-Dang Nguyen, Trung-Nam Bui-Huynh, Ngoc-Thao Nguyen, and Xuan-Nam Cao. "Efficient loss functions for GAN-based style transfer." In Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2022), edited by Jianhong (Jessica) Zhou, Wolfgang Osten, and Dmitry P. Nikolaev. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2679248.

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Liu, Yinquan, and Zhuang Chen. "Research on GAN-based Text Effects Style Transfer." In 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education (ICISCAE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590780.

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Reports on the topic "Style GAN"

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McKinnon, Mark, Craig Weinschenk, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Modeling Gas Burner Fires in Ranch and Colonial Style Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mwje4818.

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The test scenarios ranged from fires in the structures with no exterior ventilation to room fires with flow paths that connected the fires with remote intake and exhaust vents. In the ranch, two replicate fires were conducted for each room of origin and each ventilation condition. Rooms of fire origin included the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. In the colonial, the focus was on varying the flow paths to examine the change in fire behavior and the resulting damage. No replicates were conducted in the colonial. After each fire scene was documented, the interior finish and furnishings were replaced in affected areas of the structure. Instrumentation was installed to measure gas temperature, gas pressure, and gas movement within the structures. In addition, oxygen sensors were installed to determine when a sufficient level of oxygen was available for flaming combustion. Standard video and firefighting IR cameras were also installed inside of the structures to capture information about the fire dynamics of the experiments. Video cameras were also positioned outside of the structures to monitor the flow of smoke, flames, and air at the exterior vents. Each of the fires were started from a small flaming source. The fires were allowed to develop until they self-extinguished due to a lack of oxygen or until the fire had transitioned through flashover. The times that fires burned post-flashover varied based on the damage occurring within the structure. The goal was have patterns remaining on the ceiling, walls, and floors post-test. In total, thirteen experiments were conducted in the ranch structure and eight experiments were conducted in the colonial structure. All experiments were conducted at UL's Large Fire Laboratory in Northbrook, IL. Increasing the ventilation available to the fire, in both the ranch and the colonial, resulted in additional burn time, additional fire growth, and a larger area of fire damage within the structures. These changes are consistent with fire dynamics based assessments and were repeatable. Fire patterns within the room of origin led to the area of origin when the ventilation of the structure was considered. Fire patterns generated pre-flashover, persisted post-flashover if the ventilation points were remote from the area of origin.
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Ielpi, A., R. H. Rainbird, and W. J. Davis. Record of Precambrian orogenic unroofing preserved in fluvial strata of western Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332496.

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Fluvial sandstone in the Kilohigok and Elu basins of western Nunavut record deposition related to the amalgamation and tenure of the Nuna supercontinent. The ca. 1.9 Ga Burnside River Formation was sourced by erosional unroofing of the nearly coeval Thelon Orogen, about 250 km away, in a regime of crustal flexure. This proximally sourced sandstone contains abundant clustered channel forms that point to high-magnitude discharge and sediment yield in weakly mobile channels. By comparison, the ca. 1.6 Ga Ellice Formation was sourced by the erosional unroofing of the ca. 1.8 Ga Trans-Hudson Orogen, about 1000 km away, in a geodynamic regime of thermally driven sagging. The distally sourced Ellice Formation contains some rare and nonclustered channel forms that point to lesser discharge and sediment yield in mobile channels. Provenance analysis and plate models support links between the fluvial style of the Burnside River and Ellice formations and orogenic unroofing facilitated by Hadley-cell atmospheric circulation at tropical paleolatitudes.
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Lutz, Carsten. Adding Numbers to the SHIQ Description Logic - First Results. Aachen University of Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.117.

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Recently, the Description Logic (DL) SHIQ has found a large number of applications. This success is due to the fact that SHIQ combines a rich expressivity with efficient reasoning, as is demonstrated by its implementation in DL systems such as FaCT and RACER. One weakness of SHIQ, however, limits its usability in several application areas: numerical knowledge such as knowledge about the age, weight, or temperature of real-world entities cannot be adequately represented. In this paper, we propose an extension of SHIQ that aims at closing this gap. The new Description Logic Q-SHIQ, which augments SHIQ by additional, 'concrete domain' style concept constructors, allows to refer to rational numbers in concept descriptions, and also to define concepts based on the comparison of numbers via predicates such as < or =. We argue that this kind of expressivity is needed in many application areas such as reasoning about the semantic web. We prove reasoning with Q-SHIQ to be EXPTIME-complete (thus not harder than reasoning with SHIQ) by devising an automata-based decision procedure.
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Stakes, Keith, Keith Stakes, Julie Bryant, Nick Dow, Jack Regan, and Craig Weinschenk. Analysis of the Coordination of Suppression and Ventilation in Multi-Family Dwellings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ympj4047.

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The majority of the existing full-scale fire service research studied the impact of tactics on the residential fireground, specifically in single-family structures. This study builds upon prior research by conducting thirteen experiments in three-story, multi-family dwellings to quantify the impact of coordination between ventilation and suppression actions. Experiments were conducted in four, garden-style apartment buildings; each of which had two lower-level units, four first-floor units, and four second-floor units. The apartments shared a common stairwell that was enclosed for all of the experiments in this study. To examine the effectiveness of tactics in the fire apartment, common stairwell and applicable exposure apartments, four experiments were conducted in lower-level apartments, seven were conducted in first-floor apartments, and two were conducted in second-floor apartments including both bedroom and kitchen/living room fires. The fire size varied based on the amount of initial ventilation provided. The main control variables included the location of initial water application, the ventilation method, and the timing of ventilation relative to water application. The suppression tactics included interior water application, exterior water application followed by interior water application, and a combined interior and exterior water application. The ventilation tactics examined in these experiments included horizontal, vertical, positive pressure, and hydraulic ventilation. Similar to previous experiments in acquired single-family structures, there was no meaningful increase in temperature outside of fire rooms when ventilation tactics were executed in close coordination with (shortly after or shortly before) the onset of suppression. In contrast, for experiments where ventilation occurred with delayed suppression, temperature exposures increased throughout the fire apartment, and in experiments where the apartment door was left open, temperatures and carbon monoxide exposures increased throughout the common stairwell. Suppression actions, whether interior or exterior, resulted in a decrease in temperatures and gas concentrations at locations where occupants may potentially be located. The enclosed common stairwell, a unique feature of this experimental series, acted as capture of combustion products. Opening the apartment door to gain access should be thought of as an important ventilation action, both in terms of its potential to cause fire growth and its potential for smoke movement into the stairwell, limiting the egress for potentially trapped occupants in exposure units. Tactics such as door control, positive pressure ventilation, and hydraulic ventilation which were used both simultaneous with and sequentially post-suppression were shown to limit gas flows into the stairwell. After effective suppression, structure ventilation operations should similarly be cognizant of gas flows, with the aim of establishing flow throughout all areas where occupants may be located.
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Law, Edward, Samuel Gan-Mor, Hazel Wetzstein, and Dan Eisikowitch. Electrostatic Processes Underlying Natural and Mechanized Transfer of Pollen. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613035.bard.

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The project objective was to more fully understand how the motion of pollen grains may be controlled by electrostatic forces, and to develop a reliable mechanized pollination system based upon sound electrostatic and aerodynamic principles. Theoretical and experimental analyses and computer simulation methods which investigated electrostatic aspects of natural pollen transfer by insects found that: a) actively flying honeybees accumulate ~ 23 pC average charge (93 pC max.) which elevates their bodies to ~ 47 V likely by triboelectrification, inducing ~ 10 fC of opposite charge onto nearby pollen grains, and overcoming their typically 0.3-3.9 nN detachment force resulting in non-contact electrostatic pollen transfer across a 5 mm or greater air gap from anther-to-bee, thus providing a theoretical basis for earlier experimental observations and "buzz pollination" events; b) charge-relaxation characteristics measured for flower structural components (viz., 3 ns and 25 ns time constants, respectively, for the stigma-style vs. waxy petal surfaces) ensure them to be electrically appropriate targets for electrodeposition of charged pollen grains but not differing sufficiently to facilitate electrodynamic focusing onto the stigma; c) conventional electrostatic focusing beneficially concentrates pollen-deposition electric fields onto the pistill tip by 3-fold as compared to that onto underlying flower structures; and d) pollen viability is adequately maintained following exposure to particulate charging/management fields exceeding 2 MV/m. Laboratory- and field-scale processes/prototype machines for electrostatic application of pollen were successfully developed to dispense pollen in both a dry-powder phase and in a liquid-carried phase utilizing corona, triboelectric, and induction particulate-charging methods; pollen-charge levels attained (~ 1-10 mC/kg) provide pollen-deposition forces 10-, 77-, and 100-fold greater than gravity, respectively, for such charged pollen grains subjected to a 1 kV/cm electric field. Lab and field evaluations have documented charged vs. ukncharged pollen deposition to be significantly (a = 0.01-0.05) increased by 3.9-5.6 times. Orchard trials showed initial fruit set on branches individually treated with electrostatically applied pollen to typically increase up to ~ 2-fold vs. uncharged pollen applications; however, whole-tree applications have not significantly shown similar levels of benefit and corrective measures continue. Project results thus contribute important basic knowledge and applied electrostatics technology which will provide agriculture with alternative/supplemental mechanized pollination systems as tranditional pollen-transfer vectors are further endangered by natural and man-fade factors.
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6

Shiihi, Solomon, U. G. Okafor, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Improving the Outcome of GMP Inspections by Improving Proficiency of Inspectors through Consistent GMP Trainings. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317433.

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Approximately 90% of the pharmaceutical inspectors in a pharmacy practice regulatory agency in West Africa have not updated their training on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection in at least eight years. However, in the last two years the inspectors relied on learning-on-the job skills. During this time, the agency introduced about 17% of its inspectors to hands-on GMP trainings. GMP is the part of quality assurance that ensures the production or manufacture of medicinal products is consistent in order to control the quality standards appropriate for their intended use as required by the specification of the product. Inspection reports on the Agency’s GMP inspection format in-between 2013 to 2019 across the six geopolitical zones in the country were reviewed retrospectively for gap analysis. Sampling was done in two phases. During the first phase sampling of reports was done by random selection, using a stratified sampling method. In the second phase, inspectors from the Regulatory Agency from different regions were contacted on phone to send in four reports each by email. For those that forwarded four reports, two, were selected. However for those who forwarded one or two, all were considered. Also, the Agency’s inspection format/checklist was compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) GMP checklist and the GMP practice observed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reporting skills and the ability of inspectors to interpret findings vis-à-vis their proficiency in inspection activities hence the efficiency of the system. Secondly, the study seeks to establish shortfalls or adequacies of the Agency’s checklist with the aim of reviewing and improving in-line with best global practices. It was observed that different inspectors have different styles and methods of writing reports from the same check-list/inspection format, leading to non-conformances. Interpretations of findings were found to be subjective. However, it was also observed that inspection reports from the few inspectors with the hands-on training in the last two year were more coherent. This indicates that pharmaceutical inspectors need to be trained regularly to increase their knowledge and skills in order to be kept on the same pace. It was also observed that there is a slight deviation in placing sub indicators under the GMP components in the Agency’s GMP inspection format, as compared to the WHO checklist.
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7

Questioning hierarchies: Senior leaders’ views on how global civil services changed during the pandemic. People in Government Lab, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-peoplegov-rp_2022/003.

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Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic required dramatic changes and new ways of working from civil services around the world. Within this, the immediate pandemic response and shift to remote work have captured most attention, but there has been less analysis of the other ways in which civil services adapted, or of how these changes have shaped the post-pandemic reform agenda. To gain insight on these questions, we interviewed 14 heads of civil service (or other similarly senior officials) from countries on all six continents to understand how they interpret the transformations that have occurred, what they are doing to institutionalise and deepen them, and what they perceive as the next frontiers for change. We find that the pandemic imposed a dual imperative on civil services: the need for greater speed, flexibility, and decentralisation of decision-making on the one hand, and for greater coordination and collaboration on the other. These two imperatives sat in tension with each other and led them to make a range of changes, many of which revolved around the common theme of questioning, unpacking, and remaking the traditionally hierarchical structures and norms of their institutions. The specific changes made varied across countries and spanned from the adoption of agile ways of working to the creation of new coordination mechanisms, the adoption of new modes and styles of leadership, and intensified training systems focusing on a broader scope of skills. Senior leaders viewed these changes mainly as an acceleration of pre-existing trends rather than as new ideas, and saw technology as an enabler but not a driver of change. Looking past the emergency response phase of the pandemic, leaders are not unanimous in their views on which of these changes are likely to be permanent. However, many perceive an urgent need to change structural aspects of people management and leadership development – from training to personnel evaluation and career management – in order to resolve the challenges and tensions that emerged in this process, and this effort dominates their thinking about institutionalising and continuing change in the medium- to long-term.
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