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Journal articles on the topic 'Styrene-butadiene copolymer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Mieczkowski, Paweł, Bartosz Budziński, Mieczysław Słowik, Jan Kempa, and Wojciech Sorociak. "Experimental Study of Tensile Properties of Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Modified Asphalt Binders." Materials 14, no. 7 (2021): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071734.

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The requirements imposed on road pavements are ever increasing nowadays, necessitating the improvement of the properties of paving materials. The most commonly used paving materials include bituminous mixtures that are composed of aggregate grains bound by a bituminous binder. The properties of bitumens can be improved by modification with polymers. Among the copolymers used for modifying bitumens, styrene–butadiene–styrene, a thermoplastic elastomer, is the most commonly used. This article presents the results of tests conducted on bitumens modified with two types of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer (linear and radial). Two bitumen types of different penetration grades (35/50 and 160/220) were used in the experiments. The content of styrene–butadiene–styrene added to the bitumen varied between 1% and 6%. The results of the force ductility test showed that cohesion energy can be used for qualitative evaluation of the efficiency of modification of bitumen with styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer. The determined values of the cohesion energy were subjected to the original analysis taking into account the three characteristic elongation zones of the tested binders. The performed analyses made it possible to find a parameter whose values correlate significantly with the content of styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer in the modified bitumen. With smaller amounts of added modifier (approximately 2%), slightly better effects were obtained in the case of linear copolymer styrene–butadiene–styrene and for larger amounts of modifier (5–6%) radial copolymer styrene–butadiene–styrene was found to be more effective. This is confirmed by the changes in the binder structure, as indicated by the penetration index (PI).

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2

Ghebremeskel, Ghebrehiwet N., J. K. Sekinger, J. L. Hoffpauir, and C. Hendrix. "A Study of the Thermal Degradation Products of Styrene-Butadiene Type Rubber by Pyrolysis/GC/MS." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 69, no. 5 (1996): 874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538409.

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Abstract Pyrolysis coupled with GC/MS was used to study thermal degradation products of styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR). Introduction of samples, using the pyrolysis carrier gas through the split injection port, followed by sub-ambient focusing of pyrolysis products gave reproducible chromatograms. The styrene content of styrene—butadiene copolymer was determined by plotting the GC areas of styrene and butadiene dimer (4-vinlycyclohexene) vs the percent bound styrene measured by refractive index and infrared spectroscopy. The accuracy and ease of use of the technique in determining the styrene content of styrene—butadiene copolymer is also compared to that of the refractive index and infrared spectroscopy methods. Finally, the effects of carbon black and other fillers on the thermal degradation products of the styrene—butadiene copolymer are also discussed.

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3

Bluhm, T. L., and M. D. Whitmore. "Styrene/butadiene block copolymer micelles in heptane." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 1 (1985): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-041.

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The radius of gyration of poly(styrene-b-butadiene) block copolymer micelles in n-heptane is measured by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results are compared with theoretical predictions, and good agreement is found, particularly for the appropriate scaling relations. It is argued that the radius of gyration of the micelles depends on both the molecular weight and the composition of the copolymers. The dominant factors which determine the micelle core and corona dimensions are identified.

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4

Vargas, M. A., A. E. Chávez, R. Herrera, and O. Manero. "Asphalt Modified by Partially Hydrogenated SBS Tri-Block Copolymers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 4 (2005): 620–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547902.

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Abstract This work examines the modification of asphalt with hydrogenated poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) copolymer containing different amounts of butadiene and ethylene-co-butylene. The polymer composition can be described generically as poly (styrene−[(butadiene)1−x−(ethylene−co−butylene)x]−styrene), where x is the hydrogenated fraction of the molecule. These hydrogenated (SBEBS) copolymers were produced by in-situ hydrogenation following a Ziegler-Natta catalytic reaction of poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) tri-block copolymers (SBS), which were previously synthesized by anionic polymerization. Control over the hydrogenation time produces SBEBS polymers with various degrees of saturation of the polybutadiene block, as characterized by FTIR, HNMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Polymer-modified asphalts (PMA) were obtained by a high-temperature mixing process with AC-20 asphalt (Salamanca, Mexico) and SBS or SBEBS copolymers. PMA samples were characterized before and after high-temperature storage tests by fluorescence microscopy, rheometry, and mechanical tests. Results indicate that PMA obtained from SBEBS contain a polymer matrix with well-dispersed asphalt rich phase, with improved mechanical and thermal stability over those PMA produced with SBS. Compatibility between SBEBS and the aromatic fraction of maltenes can explain the dispersion of the polymer in asphalt and the enhanced properties.

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5

Liu, Jie, Xin Min, Xiuzhong Zhu, Zichao Wang, Tong Wang, and Xiaodong Fan. "A New Synthesis Strategy on Styrene-Butadiene Di-Block Copolymer Containing High cis-1,4 Unit Via Transfer of Anionic to Coordination Polymerization." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020195.

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A novel synthesis strategy on styrene-butadiene di-block copolymer (PS-b-PB) with high cis-1,4 unit content was developed, based on a transfer technique from anionic to coordination polymerization. Firstly, the styrene monomer was initiated by n-butyllithium (Li) utilizing anionic polymerization at 50 °C, which resulted in a macromolecular alkylating initiator (PSLi). Secondly, PSLi was aged with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and boron trifluoride etherate (B) for obtaining a complex catalyst system (Ni/PSLi/B). Then, Ni/PSLi/B was applied to initiate the butadiene (Bd) polymerization. Following this new strategy, a series of PS-b-PBs were successfully synthesized. The experimental results indicated that under the molar ratio combination of [Li]/[Ni] = 5 and [B]/[Li] = 1, styrene-butadiene di-block copolymers could be easily achieved with high cis-1,4 unit content (>97%) and controlled molecular weight as well as narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.5). Furthermore, the copolymer’s block ratio could also be effectively controlled by controlling the two components’ monomer feed ratio.

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6

Tanaka, Yasuyuki, Hisaya Sato, and Junichi Adachi. "Structural Characterization of Diene Block Copolymers by GPC and Ozonolysis—GPC Measurements." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 1 (1987): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536119.

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Abstract The sequence distribution and block structure of styrene units in commercial styrene—butadiene and styrene-isoprene copolymers were analyzed by GPC measurements on the original copolymers and on ozonolysis products. Tapered-block structures are clearly differentiated by ozonolysis—GPC measurements. The content of large block styrene sequences in S-B-S type block copolymers was found to be 77 to 99% or more. S-B and S sequences in addition to the S-B-S sequence were observed for most of the triblock copolymers. A star-shaped S-B-S copolymer was distinguished from a linear copolymer by comparison of the molecular weight and chemical composition of the main and shoulder peaks by GPC and also by reference to the molecular weight of the block styrene sequence determined by ozonolysis—GPC measurements. A mixture of block copolymers was estimated for a high-styrene thermoplastic elastomer by GPC and ozonolysis—GPC measurements together with the measurement of chemical composition distribution. In a similar way the block structure was analyzed for S-I-S triblock copolymers.

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7

Zhang, Yan, Sufang Zhao, Yintao Li, Leidong Xie, and Kanglong Sheng. "Radiation effects on styrene–butadiene–styrene copolymer." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 15 (2008): 3431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.04.018.

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8

Wu, Guoliang, Songjun Zeng, Encai Ou, Puren Yu, Yanbing Lu, and Weijian Xu. "Photoinitiator grafted styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer." Materials Science and Engineering: C 30, no. 7 (2010): 1030–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.05.004.

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9

Mandal, Prithwiraj, Siva Ponnupandian, Soumyadip Choudhury, and Nikhil K. Singha. "TUNING PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY IN HIGH VINYL CONTENT SBS BLOCK COPOLYMER, A THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER VIA THIOL-ENE MODIFICATION." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 90, no. 3 (2017): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.17.83761.

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ABSTRACT Thiol-ene modification of high vinyl content thermoplastic elastomeric styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) block copolymer (BCP) was carried out using different thiolating agents in toluene at 70 °C. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the participation of vinyl double bond in the thiol-ene modification reaction of SBS. Surface morphology of the block copolymers evaluated by atomic force microscopy analysis showed higher roughness after the thiol-ene reaction. The thiol-modified SBS block copolymer showed better adhesion strength and oil resistance properties than the pristine SBS.

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10

Lee, Hwan-Koo, Dae-Cheol Kim, Seong Il Yoo, Byeong-Hyeok Sohn, and Wang-Cheol Zin. "Phase Diagram for Blends of Styrene−Butadiene Diblock Copolymer and Styrene−Butadiene Random Copolymer." Macromolecules 36, no. 20 (2003): 7740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma030020w.

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11

Gong, Yafeng, Yunze Pang, Fayang Li, Weidong Jin, Haipeng Bi, and Yulin Ma. "Analysis of the Influence of SBS Content and Structure on the Performance of SBS/CR Composite Modified Asphalt." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5585891.

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The performance of asphalt can be improved by adding styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer and crumb rubber (CR). This paper investigated the influence of the structure and content of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer on the properties of SBS/CR modified asphalt (SBS/CRMA). These SBS/CRMA were prepared by mixing 90# matrix asphalt, 60 mesh CR powder, and SBS copolymers with two molecular structures, which were tested for penetration, softening point, ductility, and rheology. The complex modulus, phase angle, rutting factor, storage modulus, and dissipation modulus of SBS/CRMA were analyzed with the 64°C frequency sweep tests. The results revealed that the content and structure had significant impacts on the performances of SBS/CRMA, and the advantages of SBS polymer network structure in the modified asphalt system cannot be reflected when the amount of SBS was small. Meanwhile, the high-temperature stability, low-temperature tensile resistance, temperature sensitivity, and viscoelasticity of rubberized asphalt were further improved by adding a moderate amount of SBS copolymer. Furthermore, the properties of SBS/CRMA were better as the contents of SBS increased when the type of SBS doped was the same. The effect of modification improved by star-shaped SBS copolymer addition was more than that improved by linear SBS copolymer addition. As a conclusion, the content of 4 wt% star-shaped SBS and 20 wt% CR powder-modified 90# matrix asphalt has the best modification effect with the comparison of other groups.

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12

Ta?demir, M�nir. "Properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polycarbonate blends with styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 93, no. 6 (2004): 2521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20708.

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13

Picchioni, Francesco, Elisa Passaglia, Giacomo Ruggeri, Maria Teresa Piccini, and Mauro Aglietto. "Blends of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer with random styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 203, no. 10-11 (2002): 1396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3935(200207)203:10/11<1396::aid-macp1396>3.0.co;2-p.

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14

Fong, Hao, and Darrell H. Reneker. "Elastomeric nanofibers of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 37, no. 24 (1999): 3488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19991215)37:24<3488::aid-polb9>3.0.co;2-m.

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15

Yamaoka, Ikuro. "Anisotropic behaviour of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer/methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer blends." Polymer 39, no. 5 (1998): 1081–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00399-6.

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16

McKay, Kevin W., William A. Gros, and Charles F. Diehl. "The influence of styrene–butadiene diblock copolymer on styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer viscoelastic properties and product performance." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56, no. 8 (1995): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560808.

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17

Liu, Jie, Xin Min, Xuan Zhang, et al. "A novel synthetic strategy for styrene–butadiene–styrene tri-block copolymer with high cis -1,4 units via changing catalytic active centres." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 6 (2019): 190536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190536.

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A styrene–butadiene–styrene tri-block copolymer (SBS) with a high cis -1,4 unit content (greater than 97%) was synthesized by a novel synthetic strategy based on changing the catalytic active centres using n -butyllithium and a nickel-based catalyst. Firstly, styrene was polymerized via anionic polymerization using butyllithium as the initiator (Li, activity centre Li) at 50°C. The obtained alkylated macroinitiator (PSLi) was aged with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and boron trifluoride etherate (B) to prepare a second reactive centre (Ni-F), which was used to initiate the polymerization of butadiene (Bd). Finally, triphenyl phosphine (PPh 3 ) was added to adjust the electron density of the third active centre (P-Ni-F), and styrene monomer was added again to synthesize the second polystyrene block to obtain SBS. The polymerization technique presented here is simple and has an efficient initiation effect due to the high initiation activities for the different monomers. It also exhibits excellent control over the stereo-structure of the butadiene segments in the prepared copolymers, and the SBS polymers with high cis -1,4 unit content were easily achieved.

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18

STASIAK, JOANNA, GEOFF D. MOGGRIDGE, ADRIANO ZAFFORA, ANNA PANDOLFI, and MARIA L. COSTANTINO. "ENGINEERING ORIENTATION IN BLOCK COPOLYMERS FOR APPLICATION TO PROSTHETIC HEART VALVES." Functional Materials Letters 03, no. 04 (2010): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604710001342.

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This study demonstrates how the mechanical performance of polymeric material can be enhanced by morphology and phase orientation of block copolymers to achieve desired anisotropic mechanical properties. The material used was a new Kraton block copolymer consisting of styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene blocks having cylindrical morphology. We report a method of achieving long range uniaxial as well as biaxial orientation of block copolymer. Each microstructural organization results in a specific mechanical performance, which depends on the direction of the applied deformation. The method of tailoring mechanical properties by engineering microstructure may be successfully utilized to applications requiring anisotropic mechanical response, such as prosthetic heart valves.

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19

Anttinen-Klemetti, Tiina, Raija Vaaranrinta, Pertti Mutanen, and Kimmo Peltonen. "Inhalation exposure to 1,3-butadiene and styrene in styrene–butadiene copolymer production." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 209, no. 2 (2006): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.09.006.

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20

Wei, Dongya, Changming Mao, Shuai Li, and Zhaobo Wang. "Dynamically Vulcanized Nitrile Butadiene Rubber/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Terpolymer Blends Compatibilized by Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 53, no. 4 (2014): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348.2013.857533.

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21

Barreto, Thiago, Lucas Repsold, Nathália Souza e Silva, and Michéle Casagrande. "Influence of addition of butadiene copolymer and modified styrene on the mechanical behavior of a sand." Soils and Rocks 45, no. 2 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2022.074521.

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Butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR) is an elastomer composed of 75% butadiene and 25% styrene and is widely used in the automotive industry in tire production. This elastomer can be produced from two polymerization processes: emulsion or solution polymerization. This paper presents the mechanical behavior of a polymer reinforced sand compared to pure sand. Direct shear tests were performed on pure sand specimens and with the addition of modified styrene butadiene-styrene copolymer (XSBR). The polymeric sand specimens had 10% moisture content, 50% relative density, with water-polymer mass ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4, with no curing time, or with curing times 48, 72, 96, 576, and 720 h. Improvements were verified in the strength parameters of sand specimens with polymer addition, while comparing with pure sand parameters, showing that the improvement of soils with polymers is satisfactory for application in geotechnical works, such as: embankments in soft soils, soils for shallow foundations and for slope stability.

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22

Alekseev, A. A., A. V. Lobanov, V. S. Osipchik, V. S. Glukhovskoi, V. M. Aristov, and A. A. Alekseev. "The Properties of a Styrene Butadiene Block Copolymer with a High Styrene Content." International Polymer Science and Technology 41, no. 10 (2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1404101009.

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The structure and properties of block copolymers (BCPs) of styrene and butadiene of grade StiroTEP-70 (styrene:butadiene = 70:30, Mw/Mn = 1.43–1.45) are discussed. Analysis of IR spectra enables the BCP to be treated as polystyrene-stat-copoly(butadiene/styrene/1,2-butadiene)-polystyrene. It is suggested that the absorption band at 542 cm-1 be considered as characteristic when identifying polymers with extensive polystyrene phases. At temperatures of 190–230°C, the BCP is partially crosslinked, and at 260°C it breaks down. The BCP is processed well at temperatures up to 200°C.

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23

Allen, N. "Photooxidation of styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene (SEBS) block copolymer." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 162, no. 1 (2004): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00311-3.

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24

Lu, X., and U. Isacsson. "Rheological characterization of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer modified bitumens." Construction and Building Materials 11, no. 1 (1997): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-0618(96)00033-5.

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25

Yang, Jen Ming, and Shih Chang Tsai. "Biocompatibility of epoxidized styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer membrane." Materials Science and Engineering: C 30, no. 8 (2010): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.06.014.

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26

Xingzhou, Hu, and Luo Zubo. "Wavelength sensitivity of photooxidation of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer." Polymer Degradation and Stability 48, no. 1 (1995): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(95)00011-a.

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27

Xie, Hong-Quan, Wei Zhao, and Dong Xie. "Amphiphilic styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer grafted with polyoxyethylene." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 107, no. 1 (2007): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26998.

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28

Zhang, Hong Gang, Qiang Huai Zhang, Xue Ting Wang, Hua Tan, Li Ning Gao, and Dong Wei Cao. "Compatibility and Storage Stability of Asphalt Binder Modified by Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Graft Copolymer." Materials Science Forum 1036 (June 29, 2021): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.459.

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A styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was grafted with an unsaturated polar monomer (monomer A) composed of maleic anhydride (MAH) and methoxy polyethylene (MPEG) via a ring-opening reaction after epoxidizing styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (ESBS). The microscopic changes of SBS before and after grafting has been characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results revealed that the monomer A was successfully grafted on SBS backbone, and the maximum graft ratio (GR) was 20.32%. To verify the compatibility between SBS and asphalt, solubility parameters and surface free energy (SFE) of SBS, grafted SBS and asphalt were measured. It was found that the solubility parameter and SFE of grafted SBS were closer to asphalt compared with SBS. It also has been confirmed from storage stability that the temperature susceptibility of grafted SBS modified asphalt was reduced in compare with SBS modified asphalt binder. As consequence, the use of grafted copolymer can be considered a suitable alternative for modification of asphalt binder in pavement.

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29

Tanaka, Yasuyuki, Yasunobu Nakafutami, Yasushi Kashiwazaki, Junichi Adachi, and Kaoru Tadokoro. "Sequence Structure of Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer Determined by Ozonolysis-HPLC Method." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 2 (1987): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536125.

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Abstract The configurational sequence of styrene units and the arrangement of styrene and 1,2-butadiene units in styrene-butadiene copolymers were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis of the ozonolysis products which were separated by a combination of GPC and HPLC. The ozonolysis products from diad and triad styrene sequences flanked by 1,4-butadiene units showed two and three peaks in HPLC, respectively, reflecting the diad and triad tacticity. The probability of racemic addition was found to be 0.56 and 0.58 for radical and anionic SBR, respectively. The ozonolysis products from styrene-1,2 sequences were separated into three fractions by HPLC. The first and second fractions were assigned to a 1,4-1,2 styrene-1,4 (VS) structure differed only in cotacticity. The third fraction was considered to be a mixture of the meso and racemic forms of the l,4-styrene-l,2-l,4 (SV) sequence. The GPC fraction corresponding to a sequence consisting of two styrenes and one 1,2 units was separated into four peaks by HPLC. Both large peaks contained SSV + VSS structures, where one peak consisted of meso configurations with respect to the two styrene units, and the second peak contained racemic styrene alignments. The two small peaks were SVS with the separation due to cotacticity. Based on the intensity of HPLC peaks, it was deduced that the addition of a 1,2 unit after the styrene terminal predominated the addition of a styrene unit after the 1,2 terminal.

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30

Wang, Zhaobo, Hongling Zhao, Jian Zhao, and Xin Wang. "Dynamically Vulcanized Styrene-Butadiene Rubber/Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/High Impact Polystyrene Blends Compatibilized by Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 50, no. 1 (2010): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222341003609468.

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31

Kim, Ginam, W. Marsillo, and M. Libera. "Morphological transformations in solution-cast Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer thin films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010013729x.

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The fact that block copolymers can assume a range of morphologies depending upon such variables as relative block length and molecular weight is now well known. In the case of poly(styrene)[PS]-poly(butadiene)[PB]-poly(styrene) (SBS) triblock copolymer, the morphologies range from spheres (roughly ~20% minor component), to cylinders (roughly 20%~35% minor component), to lamellae (roughly equal component fractions) Most recently, there has been increasing interest in transformations between morphologies by thermal annealing. This paper describes initial results studying the effect of solvent evaporation rate and post-casting annealing treatment on the morphology of SBS thin films.TEM specimens were prepared by solution casting electron transparent films. 50 μl of 0.1 wt% SBS (30% styrene, Mw=14,000, Scientific Polymer Products, Inc.) dissolved in toluene was deposited on a polished NaCl single crystal substrate placed in a small dish. After solvent evaporation the film was cut into small squares, floated from the salt in water, and each square was collected on a Cu grid.

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32

Dalas, E., S. N. Koklas, and V. Papakostas. "Aragonite crystallization on functionalized styrene–butadiene copolymer." Journal of Crystal Growth 254, no. 1-2 (2003): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(03)01155-2.

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33

Sakurai, K., Y. Shirakawa, T. Kashiwagi, and T. Takahashi. "Crystal transformation of styrene-butadiene block copolymer." Polymer 35, no. 19 (1994): 4238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(94)90602-5.

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34

Wang, Ji-ming, Bo Chen, Sheng-jie Tang, Dong Shan, and An-na Zheng. "Styrene/butadiene copolymer synthesized by reactive extrusion." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 33, no. 8 (2015): 1096–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-015-1659-2.

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35

Kumar, R. Mahesh, N. Rajini, K. Mayandi, and Suchart Siengchin. "Thermal Performance of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Copolymer Blended with PTFE Particle/Polymer Composite." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.444.

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Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymer and Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) polymer has different properties individually. In this work ABS is used as matrix and PTFE is used as particle reinforcement. ABS is a copolymer containing butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile. This work is to focus about the thermal property of ABS copolymer by adding PTFE as particle in polymer composites. From the analysis PTFE fit into a perfect particle reinforcement material for a broad assortment of utilizations. The samples is prepared with 100% ABS and 10% PTFE by weight, 20% PTFE is added to ABS and fabricated with Injection molding process. The addition of PTFE to ABS has improved on thermal properties. Experiment results shows that PTFE filler added composites exhibited high thermal conductivities and good coefficient of linear thermal expansion when compared with pure ABS copolymer.

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36

Lee, Hwan-Koo, and Wang-Cheol Zin. "Phase Diagrams for the Blends of a Styrene-Butadiene Diblock Copolymer and a Styrene-Butadiene Random Copolymer: Theory." Macromolecules 33, no. 8 (2000): 2894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma991827k.

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37

Nowakowska, Maria. "Reaction of singlet oxygen with styrene-butadiene copolymer: 1. 9-Methylanthracene photo-sensitized oxidation of styrene-butadiene copolymer." Polymer Degradation and Stability 12, no. 1 (1985): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(85)90053-9.

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38

Hong, Kailiang, Zhe Wang, Guoming Lu, et al. "Mechanical and piezo-resistive properties of styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer covalently modified with graphene/styrene-butadiene-styrene composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135, no. 31 (2018): 46568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.46568.

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Wang, Fusong, Lei Zhang, Xiaoshan Zhang, Hechuan Li, and Shaopeng Wu. "Aging Mechanism and Rejuvenating Possibility of SBS Copolymers in Asphalt Binders." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010092.

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The styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt pavement has been in growing demand in the road construction field owing to its workable mechanical property and temperature durability. This paper prepared a penetrative rejuvenator (PR) with waste cooking oil (WCO) and emulsified asphalt, then applied PR on SBS copolymers to investigate its aging and rejuvenating effects in an asphalt binder. After a thin film oven test (TFOT) and ultraviolet (UV) aging of SBS copolymers, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to analyse the aged copolymers’ chemical structure. Moreover, both aged and rejuvenated SBS copolymers were added into a fresh asphalt binder to get two kinds of modified asphalt binders, namely, MAAC (modified by aged copolymer) and MARC (modified by rejuvenated copolymer). Aiming to analyse the monomer effect of SBS copolymers in the asphalt binder, the rheological characteristic with dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), chemical structure with FTIR and physical properties with penetration, soft point and ductility tests were investigated using MAAC and MAAC samples. The results showed that rejuvenated SBS copolymer could improve MAAC’s viscoelasticity, but from FTIR spectral analysis, PR resulted in no chemical changes to SBS copolymers. A tough coat which made MAAC of higher stiffness was observed on the copolymer surface after thermal treatment. UV caused evidently negative effects on SBS copolymer because of accelerating oxidation by ozone, which brought about high possibility of cracks during servicing periods of asphalt pavement. In addition, MAAC was inferior in both rheological and physical properties, which reflected the significance and necessity in consideration of alleviating SBS copolymer aging in field.

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40

SHI, ZHONG-TAO, MIN HAN, SHI-FENG ZHAO, et al. "SELF-ASSEMBLY OF SILVER NANOCLUSTERS ON TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER TEMPLATES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 15n17 (2005): 2792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205031717.

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Poly (styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) triblock copolymer templates have been prepared by solvent-induced order-disorder phase transition method. Silver nanoclusters have been deposited onto the SBS copolymer templates by low energy clusters beam deposition (LECBD) method. The microstructures of the template and cluster deposits have been characterized by AFM with tapping-mode. It is shown that the triblock copolymers are self-assembled to form an in-plane cylinder ordered microstructure. In the case of low coverage (<50%), silver nanaoclusters deposited on the template tend to aggregate along with the pattern of the template and coalesce into larger nanoparticles. Optical absorption spectra reveal that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoclusters deposited on the template occurs at 545nm, being a red shift of ~75nm compared to that silver nanoclusters deposited on the fused quartz substrate.

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41

Spoljaric, Steven, and Robert A. Shanks. "Poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene)-Dye-Coupled Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.169.

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Dye-coupled polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were prepared and the coloured POSS particles were ultrasonically solution dispersed in poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS). POSS molecules contained either isobutyl or phenyl groups to provide selective compatibility with either the soft (butadiene) or hard (styrene) phase within the block copolymer. The composition and thermal stability were characterised using thermogravimetry. Colour coordinates were measured. Tensile mechanical properties, creep and recovery were determined. Creep was modeled using the 4-element model of Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt, while recovery correlated with the stretched-exponential function of Kohlrausch, Williams and Watts.

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42

Yang, Xiu Hua. "Study on Performance of SBS Modified Asphalt." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.715.

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SBS is a styrene - butadiene - styrene block copolymer, the addition of SBS of high and low temperature performance and road can be very good to improve the performance of asphalt. This paper studied the performance of the modified asphalt on the content of modifier.

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43

Simionescu, Tudor Mihai, Alina Adriana Minea, and Paulo Nobre Balbis dos Reis. "Fire Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Enhanced with Organic Montmorillonite and Exolit Fire Retardant." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (2019): 5433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245433.

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In this paper an experimental investigation on fire retardancy of a new polymer nanocomposite derived from organic montmorillonite and exolit fire retardant in an acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene copolymer by analyzing the flammability and fire behavior is described. The samples were prepared by melting and mixing nanocomposites and fire retardant in different concentrations in an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene base polymer. It was found that using only one component (organic montmorillonite or fire retardant) the burning stops in 10 s on the sample. Confirmation of synergy in flammability by combining both montmorillonite and flame retardants was noticed and is discussed regarding the flame-retardant mechanisms assessed by means of the Limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94, and cone-calorimeter methods. The acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene preparation with 15–20 wt% fire retardant and 1–2 wt% organic montmorillonite reached a UL-94 V-0 classification, contrasting with the pure acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene and the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with 15 wt% fire retardant and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with 1–2 wt% organic montmorillonite formulations, which completely burned. Finally, the samples showed a very good synergy going to a higher reduction of the peak heat release rate and to a minimum mass reduction, as obtained from cone calorimeter tests.

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Kamiya, Shingo, Shigeru Tasaka, Xiaomin Zhang, Dewen Dong, and Norihiro Inagaki. "Compatibilizer Role of Styrene-butadiene-styrene Triblock Copolymer in Asphalt." Polymer Journal 33, no. 3 (2001): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.33.209.

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45

Kee, D. De, P. Mohan, and D. S. Soong. "Yield stress determination of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer solutions." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 25, no. 1-2 (1986): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222348608248035.

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46

Lee, Wen-Fu, and Ying-Jou Chen. "Graft copolymerization ofN-isopropylacrylamide on styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 82, no. 11 (2001): 2641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.2117.

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47

Lamb, Gordon D., and Roy S. Lehrle. "Pyrolysis behaviour of a styrene-ethylene (styrene-hydrogenated butadiene) copolymer." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 15 (March 1989): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(89)85039-9.

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48

Lazzari, Massimo, and Mercedes Torneiro. "A Global View on Block Copolymers." Polymers 12, no. 4 (2020): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040869.

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In this systematic review, a total of 45,143 publications on block copolymers, issued between 1952 and 2019, are analyzed in terms of number, source, language, institution, country, keywords, and block copolymer type, to find out their evolution and predict research trends. The number of publications devoted to block copolymers has been growing for over six decades, maintaining a consistent level throughout the last few years. In their majority, documents came out of the United States, although more recently, Chinese institutions are those displaying the largest production. Keywords analysis indicated that one-third of the publications concerned synthesis, around 20% explored self-assembly and morphological aspects, and another 20% referred to block copolymer applications in solution. In particular, 2019 confirmed the expansion of studies related to drug delivery, and in minor extent, to a deeper view of self-assembling. Styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer was the most popular in studies covering both basic and industrially oriented aspects. Other highly investigated copolymers are PEO-b–PPO-b–PEO (Pluronic©) and amphiphilic block copolymers based on polycaprolactone or poly(lactic acid), which owed their success to their potential as delivery vehicles. Future trending topics will concern nanomedicine challenges and technology-related applications, with a special attention toward the orientation and ordering of mesophase-separated morphologies.

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Susik, Agnieszka, Agata Rodak, Javier Cañavate, Xavier Colom, Shifeng Wang, and Krzysztof Formela. "Processing, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of GTR Modified by SBS Copolymers." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051788.

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In this work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was thermo-mechanically treated in the presence of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymers. During preliminary investigation, the effects of different SBS copolymer grades, the variable content of SBS copolymer on the Mooney viscosity, and the thermal and mechanical properties of modified GTR were determined. Subsequently, GTR modified by SBS copolymer and cross-linking agents (sulfur-based system and dicumyl peroxide) was characterized by assessment of rheological, physico-mechanical, and morphological properties. Rheological investigations showed that linear SBS copolymer, with the highest melt flow rate among studied SBS grades, was the most promising modifier of GTR, considering processing behavior. It was also observed that an SBS improves the thermal stability of the modified GTR. However, it was found that higher content of SBS copolymer (above 30 wt%) does not bring any effective changes and, for economic reasons, is inefficient. The results showed that samples based on GTR modified by SBS and dicumyl peroxide have better processability and slightly higher mechanical properties compared to samples cross-linked by a sulfur-based system. This is due to the affinity of dicumyl peroxide to the co-cross-linking of GTR and SBS phases.

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Pospíšil, J., D. Michálková, I. Fortelný, Z. Kruliš, and M. Šlouf. "Aromatic Diamines as Cooperative Compatibilizers and Impact Modifiers in LDPE/HIPS Blends." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 3 (2005): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300310.

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Mechanical recycling emerged among other plastics recycling approaches as a profitable method. Its feasibility has enhanced by understanding of reasons of lower mechanical properties of aged materials in comparison with virgin materials, and by a proper exploitation of the knowledge of compatibilization and stabilization additives for upgrading of reused materials. This study deals with low density polyethylene (LDPE). Impact strength of recycled or pre-aged (recyclate model) LDPE / high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) blends compatibilized with styrene-butadiene copolymer / ethylene-propylene elastomer was enhanced and fineness of the phase structure of the system was improved by using N,N'-disubstituted 1,4-phenylenediamine co-additives. Mechanism of the strong synergistic compatibilization effect was explained by LDPE grafting with styrene-butadiene copolymer mediated by the bifunctional amine additive.

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