Relevant bibliographies by topics / Styrene monomers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Styrene monomers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 13 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Styrene monomers.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Styrene monomers"

1

Mizutani, Masato, Kotaro Satoh, and Masami Kamigaito. "Construction of Vinyl Polymer and Polyester or Polyamide Units in a Single Polymer Chain via Metal-catalyzed Simultaneous Chain- and Step-growth Radical Polymerization of Various Monomers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 4 (2014): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13476.

Full text
Abstract:
Metal-catalyzed simultaneous chain- and step-growth radical polymerization was examined to combine common conjugated vinyl monomers, such as various acrylates and styrene, as chain-growth monomers and various ester- or amide-linked monomers bearing both an unconjugated C=C bond and an active C–Cl bond as step-growth monomers. The CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine-catalyzed copolymerization of alkyl acrylates and various step-growth monomers at a 1 : 1-monomer feed ratio resulted in almost linear random copolymers that consisted of vinyl polymer and polyester units. Additional functional groups, such as oxyethylene and disulfide units, can be introduced into the main chain using a step-growth monomer that possesses the functional units between the unconjugated C=C bond and the active C–Cl bond. Copolymerization at a higher feed ratio of chain-growth monomers, such as alkyl acrylates and styrene, can provide multiblock vinyl polymers connected to the functionalized step-growth monomer units.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yohanala P. T., Flaviana, Restu Mulya Dewa, Karinda Quarta, Widiyastuti Widiyastuti, and Sugeng Winardi. "Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 7 (2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n7p121.

Full text
Abstract:
Polystyrene spheres have been synthesized using potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators without using anysurfactant or stabilizing agent. Simple mixing method was used to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrenespheres. The influences of mixing time, ammount of styrene monomers, and ammount of initiators were studiedin this research. Size measurement and its distribution were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Monodisperse spheres and verry narrow size distribution are expected in this research. The results showed thatthe most optimum time to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrene latex is 6 hours, where biggest and mostuniform spheres size were obtained. Meanwhile when ammount of styrene monomers were increased, thediameter of polystyrene spheres were also increased. The biggest and most uniform polystyrene spheres diameterwas shown by 14% volume ratio of styrene monomer. For initiators influence, the smaller diameter ofpolystyrene spheres were obtained for 0.2 gram KPS than in 0.05 gram KPS. Polystyrene spheres using 0.05gram KPS also has more uniform size than in 0.2 gram.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Yu, Xinliang, Wenhao Yu, Bing Yi, and Xueye Wang. "Prediction of monomer reactivity ratios in radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 9 (2009): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2008215.

Full text
Abstract:
Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models are developed to predict monomer reactivity ratios (log r12) in radical copolymerization with monomers M1 (styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile) and M2 (vinyl monomers). The quantum chemical descriptors are calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G(d) basis set. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to generate Model S (monomer 1: styrene), Model MM (monomer 1: methyl methacrylate) and Model A (monomer 1: acrylonitrile). Simulation results show that the predicted log r12 values are in good agreement with the experimental data, with the test sets possessing correlation coefficients of 0.972 for Model S, 0.933 for Model MM and 0.946 for Model A.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Engler, Anthony, Habin Park, Manas Madhira, et al. "Investigation on Tethered Anion Effects in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024521mtgabs.

Full text
Abstract:
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been proposed to reduce concentration polarizations within batteries by immobilizing anions to the polymer matrix, which can help stabilize the electrodeposition process and extend Li-ion battery lifetime. Unfortunately, single-ion conducting SPEs continue to suffer from poor conductivity due to coupling with the slow segmental mobility of polymer chains and poor ion pair dissociation. Our group systematically investigated how different tethered anions affect the Li-ion conduction and polymer segmental mobility. Copolymers were synthesized using a common neutral monomer, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), with a series of different anionic monomers: 4-styrene sulfonate, 4-styrene phosphonate, 4-styrene TFSI, and methacrylate TFSI. These monomers presented a series of anions of varying strength with the same styrene structure, sulfonate vs. phosphonate vs. TFSI, as well as exploring structural monomer changes for the same TFSI anion, styrene vs. methacrylate, that allows for systematic changing of polymer electrolyte properties. Each copolymer series was further expanded by changing the composition of neutral-to-anionic monomers, ranging from 10-67 mol% anionic. The increased ion exchange capacity of the phosphonate groups led to a high degree of ion aggregation that exhibited hard mechanical properties and very low Li-ion conductivities. Increasing the electron delocalization of the ions from sulfonate to TFSI greatly improved the conductivities and lowered activation energies of ion transport, with methacrylate being slightly better than styrene. Implications of these results will be discussed for next-generation polymer electrolyte design.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Desire, Christopher T., R. Dario Arrua, Fotouh R. Mansour, Stefan A. F. Bon, and Emily F. Hilder. "Styrene-based polymerised high internal phase emulsions using monomers in the internal phase as co-surfactants for improved liquid chromatography." RSC Advances 12, no. 16 (2022): 9773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07705h.

Full text
Abstract:
Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based monoliths prepared from the polymerisation of water-in-monomer high internal phase emulsions, where water-soluble monomers acrylamide or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (Mw 258) were included in internal phase.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Yang, Ke, Hui Niu, Zhenghai Shi, et al. "Convenient synthesis of versatile syndiotactic polystyrene materials containing pendant alkenyl groups with a scandium catalyst system." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 27 (2018): 3709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00607e.

Full text
Abstract:
The syndioselective copolymerization of styrene with five alkenyl functionalized styrenic monomers, with the use of a scandium catalyst, produced a new family of versatile syndiotactic polystyrene materials with pendant alkenyl groups.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lyons, RA, and E. Senogles. "Reactivities of Monomers Towards the 1-Methyl-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl Radical." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 12 (1994): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9942201.

Full text
Abstract:
The relative reactivities of acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate , methyl methacrylate and styrene towards the 1-methyl-1-( methoxycarbonyl )ethyl radical have been determined at 60°C, and the results compared with those for the poly (methyl methacrylate ) radical. The results for methyl acrylate suggest that the copolymerization of this monomer with methyl methacrylate is adequately described by a terminal mechanism. Those for styrene show that the presence of a penultimate styrene or methyl methacrylate unit in a poly(methyl methacrylate ) radical leads to a slightly greater preference for this radical to add styrene over methyl methacrylate compared to the 1-methyl-1-( methoxycarbonyl )ethyl radical. The results for methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile suggest that the copolymerization of these monomers is probably best represented by a penultimate mechanism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bauer, R. F. "A Two-Step Emulsion Polymerization Process Catalyzed by an Organic Diperoxide." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77, no. 4 (2004): 776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547851.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract An emulsion polymerization process is described which consists of consecutively polymerizing at least two olefinic monomers using an organic diperoxide with two independently functioning peroxy groups, namely 2,5-dimethyl-2-t-butylperoxy-5-hydroxy hexane. In the first polymerization step, the hydroperoxide group is activated by a redox reaction at low temperatures without decomposing the t-butyl peroxide portion of the initiator molecule. After charging fresh monomer, the t-butyl peroxide can then be thermally activated to initiate a second-stage polymerization reaction. This polymerization process employs conventional emulsion polymerization technology. It yields polymeric product with unique physical properties. Polymers with butadiene monomer in the first polymerization step, followed by styrene polymerization in the second step, resemble SBS tri-block polymers. They are thermoplastic, highly resilient and of good strength at high ultimate elongations. The consecutive polymerization of butadiene and acrylonitrile yields elastomers with a superior balance of low-temperature flexibility and resistance to swelling in organic solvents, when compared with random NBR copolymers of equivalent chemical composition. Combinations of butadiene and styrene in the first polymerization stage followed by styrene/acrylonitrile polymerization in the second, yield transparent ABS polymers with superior low-temperature impact resistance. Reference is also made to the polymerization of additional vinyl monomers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Schovanec, Martin, Jiří Horálek, Štěpán Podzimek, and Jaromír Šňupárek. "Copolymerization of 2-[3-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl Methacrylate with Styrene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 72, no. 9 (2007): 1244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20071244.

Full text
Abstract:
Radical copolymerization of 2-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl methacrylate (M1) with styrene (M2) at 70 °C in 1,4-dioxane was investigated and the reactivity ratios were determined. The copolymerization was carried out as batch copolymerization to a low conversion or as copolymerization with a continuous addition of monomers at higher instantaneous conversion. The monomer reactivity ratios of the copolymerizable UV stabilizer 2-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl methacrylate with styrene were determined using the Finemann-Ross plot for both copolymeration techniques. The estimated reactivity ratios were r1 = 0.588 and r2 = 0.6 for the technique of continuous addition of monomers and r1 = 0.462 and r2 = 0.476 and for the batch experiment. The copolymerization exhibited an azeotrope at f1 = 0.507, thus a copolymer with microstructure close to the alternating one was formed at this ratio of comonomers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gziut, Konrad, Agnieszka Kowalczyk, Beata Schmidt, Tomasz J. Idzik, and Jacek G. Sośnicki. "Influence of Methacrylate and Vinyl Monomers on Radical Bulk Photopolymerization Process and Properties of Epoxy-Acrylate Structural Adhesives." Polymers 15, no. 4 (2023): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040926.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, epoxy-acrylate structural adhesives tapes (SATs) were obtained from Bisphenol A-based liquid epoxy resin and epoxy acrylic resins (EARs). A new method of EARs preparation, i.e., the free radical bulk photopolymerization process (FRBP), was studied in detail. The influence of methacrylic monomers (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, (2-acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate) and vinyl monomers (N-vinylpyrrolidone and styrene) on the FRBP process of base monomers (i.e., butyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) was investigated. The kinetics of photopolymerization process was monitored by photo-differential scanning calorimetry method. The properties of the obtained EARs (viscosity and average molecular weights), as well as monomers conversion using 1H NMR, were determined. It was revealed that styrene significantly decreases the photopolymerization rate and increases the final monomers conversion (+27%). However, the resulting tetrapolymers BA-co-GMA-co-HEA-co-STY have low molecular weights and low polydispersity (2.2). Methacrylate monomers with shorter aliphatic chains (<C4) also decrease the rate of photopolymerization due to the length of the aliphatic chain increasing. Surprisingly, the best results of adhesion to steel and shear strength were obtained for SAT based on epoxy acrylate resin with styrene (11 N/25 mm and 20.8 MPa, respectively). However, the thermomechanical properties of SAT with styrene were weaker than those with methacrylates.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Styrene monomers"

1

Ma, Yinghua. "Living cationic polymerization of styrene monomers." Thesis, Aston University, 2000. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9636/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis describes an experimental investigation of synthesis of polystyrene under various polymerization conditions such as solvent polarity, temperature, initial concentrations of initiator, catalyst, monomer and added salts or co-catalyst, which was achieved using the living cationic polymerization technology in conjunction with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and NMR spectroscopy. Polymerizations of styrene were conducted using 1-phenyl ethylchloride (1-PEC) as an initiator and tin tetrachloride (SnCI4) as a catalyst in the presence of tetra-n-Butylammonium chloride (nBu4NCI). Effects of solvent polarity varied by mixing dichloromethane (DCM) and less polar cyclohexane (C.hex), temperature, initial concentrations of SnC14, 1-PEC and nBu4NCI on the polymerizations were examined, and the conditions under which a living polymerization can be obtained were optimised as: [styrene]o ~ 0.75 - 2 M; [1-PEC]o ~ 0.005 - 0.05 M; [SnCI4Jo ~ 0.05 - 0.4 M; [nBu4NCIJo ~ 0.001 - 0.1 M; DCM/C.hex ~ 50/0 - 20/30 v/v; T ~ 0 to -45°C. Kinetic studies of styrene polymerization using the Omnifit sampling method showed that the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymers obtained increased in direct proportion to monomer conversion and agreed well with the theoretical Mn expected from the concentration ratios of monomer to initiator. The linearities of both the 1n([MJoI[M]) vs. time plot and the Mn vs. monomer conversion plot, and the narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) measured using GPC demonstrated the livingness of the polymerizations, indicating the absence of irreversible termination and transfer within the lifetimes of the polymerizations. The proposed 'two species' propagation mechanism was found to apply for the styrene polymerization with 1-PEC/SnCI4 in the presence of nBu4NCl. The further kinetic experiments showed that living styrene polymerizations were achieved using the 1-PEC/SnCI4 initiating system in mixtures of DCM/C.hex 30/20 v/v at -15°C in the presence of various bromide salts, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, tetra-n-pentylammonium bromide, tetra-n-heptylammonium bromide, and tetra-n-octylammonium bromide, respectively. The types of the bromide salts were found to have no significant effect on monomer conversion, Mn, polydispersity and initiation efficiency. Living polymerizations of styrene were also achieved using titanium tetrachloride (TiCI4) as a catalyst and 1-PEC as an initiator in the presence of a small amount of 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine or pyridine instead of nBu4NCl. GPC analysis showed that the polymers obtained had narrow polydispersities (P.D. < 1.3), and the linearities of both the In([MJo/[MJ) vs. time plot and the Mn vs. monomer conversion plot demonstrated that the polymerizations are living, when the ratio of DCM and C.hex was less than 40 : 10 and the reaction temperature was not lower than -15°C. The reaction orders relative to TiCl4 and 1-PEC were estimated from the investigations into the rate of polymerization to be 2.56 and 1.0 respectively. lH and 13C NMR analysis of the resultant polystyrene would suggest the end-functionality of the product polymers is chlorine for all living polymerizations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bahrin, Nurfariza. "Renewable monomers for bio-styrene formation using phenolic acid decarboxylase." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/100542/.

Full text
Abstract:
Lignocellulose is an abundant natural polymer on earth that contains renewable resource of aromatic compound, the lignin. Many industrially valuable chemicals can be developed from lignin and this can reduce the dependency on petrochemicals. Wheat straw contains ferulic acid as one of its building blocks, which can be accumulated as a major metabolite from growth with Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, a known lignin degrading bacteria in minimal media. Using the enzyme phenolic acid decarboxylase (PAD) in engineered E.coli, ferulic acid was converted into 4-vinylguaiacol (3-methoxy-4-hydroxystyrene). The substituted monostyrene was then enzymatically polymerised by laccase to form a polymer that showed an adhesive property. This enzymatically generated polymer can potentially provide an alternative to synthetic process, besides providing renewable option to generate environmental friendly material in ambient conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Tichagwa, Lilian M. "Synthesis of acrylate-based polymeric and polymerisable surfactants and their application in the emulsion polymerisation of styrene." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1185.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (PhD (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>The study described in this dissertation examines the synthesis of mainly acrylate-based surfactants and their subsequent use as emulsifiers/stabilisers in the emulsion polymerisation of styrene. Some acrylamide-based surfactants were also studied, for comparison purposes only. Two major types of surfactants, polymerisable (surfactant monomers or surfmers) and polymeric, were synthesised, characterised and used in emulsion polymerisation reactions. The prepared polymerisable surfactants, 12-acryloyloxydodecanoic acid (12-ADA) and 11-acrylamidoundecanoic acid (11-AAUA), and their sodium salts, had reactive acryloyl functionalities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Clark, Darren Cameron. "Dual monomer grafting of styrene and maleic anhydride onto polyethylene, effect of polyethylene microstructure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/NQ54405.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Levy, Florence. "Fonctionnalisation d'un latex de polystyrène par un monomère chloré : le bis 2 chloroéthyl-itaconate." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10538.

Full text
Abstract:
Fonctionnalisation superficielle du polystyrene par bis 2-chloro ethyl-itaconate. Determination des constantes cinetiques et physicochimiques. Etude de la copolymerisation avec le styrene et l'acrylate de butyle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Srichan, Sansanee. "Synthesis of sequence-controlled polymers by copolymerization of para-substituted styrenic derivatives and N-substituted maleimides." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF005/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans ce travail, les copolymérisations radicalaires contrôlées de monomères donneurs (dérivés du styrène) et accepteurs (maleimides N-substitués) ont été effectuées afin de préparer des polymères à séquences contrôlées. Ces macromolécules ont été préparées par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par la voie des nitroxides en utilisant le SG1 comme agent de contrôle. Des polymères ayant des microstructures bien définies ont été obtenus par le contrôle du temps de l’addition d’une petite quantité de monomère accepteur au cours de la polymérisation d’un large excès de monomère de type donneur. Dans cette thèse, des nouveaux dérivés styréniques para-substitués ont été sélectionnés afin de préparer une variété de polymères fonctionnels à séquences contrôlées. Par exemple, des polyélectrolytes à base de poly(4-hydroxystyrène)s et poly(vinyl benzyle amine)s ont été obtenus par polymérisation de dérivés protégés du styrène (4-tert-butoxystyrène, 4-acetoxystyrène et N-(p-vinyl benzyl)phthalimide) avec une quantité non-stœchiométrique de maleimides N-substitués. Par ailleurs, des polymères PEGylés biocompatibles et solubles dans l’eau ont également été étudiés. Des polymères à séquences contrôlées portant des fonctions alcynes protégées sur chaque unité de styrène ont été dans un premier temps synthétisés. La suppression de ces groupes protecteurs a permis le greffage du α-méthoxy-ω-azido-PEG sur les fonctions alcynes libres en employant la chimie click de type CuAAC. Finalement, des polymères semi-cristallins à séquences contrôlées ont été élaborés en utilisant le styrène d’octadécyle comme monomère donneur. Les propriétés thermiques de ces polymères ont été étudiées afin d’évaluer l’influence de la microstructure sur le comportement de leur cristallisation<br>In this work, controlled radical copolymerizations of donor (styrenic derivatives) and acceptor monomers (N-substituted maleimides, MIs) have been investigated in order to synthesize sequence-controlled polymers. These macromolecules were prepared by nitroxide mediated polymerization using the nitroxide SG1 as a control agent. Polymers with defined microstructures were obtained by time-controlled addition of small amounts of acceptor monomers during the polymerization of a large excess of donor monomer. In this thesis, new styrenic derivatives have been studied in order to design sequence-controlled polymers with functional backbones. For example, sequence-controlled polyelectrolytes based on poly(4-hydroxystyrene)s and poly(vinyl benzyl amine)s were obtained through the polymerization of protected styrenic derivatives (i.e. 4-tert-butoxystyrene, 4-acetoxystyrene and N-(p-vinyl benzyl)phthalimide) with non-stoichiometric quantities of N-substituted maleimides. Furthermore, the preparation of PEGylated biocompatible water-soluble polymers was also investigated. Sequence-controlled polymers bearing protected alkyne functional groups on each styrene units were first synthesized followed by the removal of their protecting groups allowing the grafting of α-methoxy-ω-azido-PEG on free alkyne moieties via CuAAC mediated click reaction. Finally, sequence-controlled semi-crystalline polymers were synthesized using octadecylstyrene as a donor monomer. The thermal properties of these polymers were studied to evaluate the influence of polymer microstructure on crystallization behavior
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Applin, Samantha. "Surfactant Free Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(Styrene-Co-Methyl Methacrylate): Correlation of Microsphere Characteristics with Monomer Reactivity and Water Solubility." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192354.

Full text
Abstract:
Polymeric microspheres have been used in a broad range of applications from chromatographic separation techniques to analysis of air flow over aerodynamic surfaces. The preparation of microspheres from many polymer families has consequently been extensively studied using a variety of synthetic approaches. Although there are a myriad of polymeric microsphere synthesis methods, free-radical initiated emulsion polymerization is one of the most common techniques. In this work, poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) microspheres were synthesized via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. The effects of the co-monomer composition and addition time on particle size distribution, particle formation, and particle morphology were investigated. Particles were characterized using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy to gain further insight into particle size and size distributions. Reaction kinetics were analyzed through consideration of characterization results. A particle formation mechanism for poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) microspheres was proposed based on characterization results and known reaction kinetics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Drockenmuller, Eric. "Synthèse de nouveaux nitroxydes et alcoxyamines fonctionnalisés. Application à la polymérisation radicalaire vivante/contrôlée de monomères vinyliques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13071.

Full text
Abstract:
Les travaux effectués au cours de cette thèse concernent la polymérisation radicalaire vivante/contrôlée de monomères vinyliques par les nitroxydes. Le principe de ce type de polymérisation repose sur l'établissement d'un équilibre entre espèces dormantes (ou alcoxyamines) et espèces actives (radicaux alkyle et nitroxyle). Afin d'abaisser la température de ce procédé et de l'étendre à d'autres monomères, nous avons modifié la réactivité du nitroxyde en introduisant divers substituants de polarité et d'encombrement stérique variables. Ainsi, une nouvelle classe de nitroxydes (b-sulfinyl nitroxydes), comportant une fonction polaire sulfoxyde sur le carbone situé en b, a été synthétisée. Ces radicaux ont été caractérisés par spectroscopie RPE (stabilité thermique, couplages aN et aH, constante de vitesse de dissociation kd). A partir de ces résultats, un de ces radicaux (NO_XI) a été engagé dans la polymérisation de monomères vinyliques. Il permet le contrôle de la polymérisation du styrène (Vp &gt;&gt; Vth) ainsi que celui des acrylates d'éthyle et de n-butyle à 90 ʿC. De plus, il a été montré que l'orientation de la fonction sulfoxyde, induite par la stéréochimie du nitroxyde, a une forte influence sur les caractéristiques du radical et sur les comportements cinétiques observés. Divers analogues structuraux de NO_XI ont ensuite été synthétisés, en remplaçant la fonction sulfoxyde par des groupements de polarité variable. L'un de ces radicaux (NO_XI_pentyl) permet un parfait contrôle de la polymérisation du styrène à 60 ʿC et une vitesse de polymérisation nettement supérieure à celle de la polymérisation thermique. La comparaison de l'ensemble des comportements cinétiques observés aux évolutions théoriques, a permis de déterminer les ordres de grandeurs des constante cinétiques impliquées dans ces systèmes (K et kc). Les résultats obtenus montrent que la valeur de kc dépend essentiellement de l'encombrement stérique des substituants portés par la fonction nitroxyle<br>This thesis focuses on the living/controlled radical polymerization of vinyl monomers mediated by nitroxides. The principle of this process is based on the establishment of an equilibrium between dormant species (or alkoxyamines) and active species (alkyl and nitroxyl radicals). In order to decrease the temperature of this process and to extend it to other monomers, we modified the nitroxide reactivity by introduction of substituents with different polarity and steric hindrance. A new class of nitroxides (b-sulfinyl nitroxides), bearing a polar sulfoxide function on the b-carbon atom, was then synthesized. These radicals have been characterized by ESR spectroscopy (thermal stability, coupling constants aN and aH, rate constant of dissociation kd). From these results, one of these radicals (NO_XI) has been engaged in the polymerization of vinyl monomers. It affords the control of the styrene (Vp &gt;&gt; Vth), ethyl and n-butyl acrylates polymerizations at 90 ʿC. Moreover, it has been shown that the orientation of the sulfoxide function, induced by the nitroxide stereochemistry, has a strong effect on the radical properties and on the polymerization kinetics. Various structural analogues of NO_XI were then synthesized, replacing the sulfoxide function by substituents of variable polarity. One of these radicals (NO_XI_pentyl) allows a perfect control of the styrene polymerization at 60 ʿC and a rate of polymerization clearly higher than the thermal polymerization one. The comparison of all polymerization kinetics with theoretical evolutions, allowed the determination of the orders of magnitude of the kinetic constants involved in the process (K and kc). These results show that the kc value depends mainly on the steric hindrance of the substituents carried by the nitroxide function
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Malek, Fouad. "Synthèse de nouveaux monomères à chaînes latérales pyrazole et bipyrazole et leurs polymérisations." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20140.

Full text
Abstract:
Ce travail concerne la synthese et la caracterisation des polymeres et copolymeres obtenus par polymerisation de nouveaux monomeres styreniques, vinyliques, maleimiques et methacryliques porteurs des cycles pyridine, pyrazole et bipyrazole. Une discussion sur la copolymerisation de ces monomeres avec d'autres monomeres conduisant a des systemes accepteur-donneur est presentee. En plus, des comparaisons entre la structure et les proprietes, notamment thermiques, sont abordees. Enfin deux applications ont ete etudiees: la premiere concerne les resines acetylantes selectives, la seconde l'obtention de membranes specifiques a la separation des metaux
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ramirez, Marquez Walter. "Relations procédé de synthèse microstructure-morphologie-propriétés des copolymères acrylate de méthyle-styrène." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19025.

Full text
Abstract:
Copolymerisation en emulsion. Par le procede en reacteur ferme, l'existence d'azoetropes plus nombreux qu'en solution ou en masse confirme que les taux de reactivite sont des grandeurs cinetiques apparentes. Synthese de copolymeres a composition et a structuration controlees, par des procedes semicontinu, batch corrige et core-shell
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Styrene monomers"

1

Ltd, ICON Group. TAIWAN STYRENE MONOMER CORP: Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis (Labor Productivity Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ltd, ICON Group. TAIWAN STYRENE MONOMER CORP: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Styrene monomers"

1

Hirao, Akira, and Katsuhiko Takenaka. "Nonpolar Monomers: Styrene and 1,3-Butadiene Derivatives." In Anionic Polymerization. Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54186-8_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tanaka, Ryo, and Takeshi Shiono. "Coordination Polymerization (Styrene and Polar Vinyl Monomers)." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_180-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Tanaka, Ryo, and Takeshi Shiono. "Coordination Polymerization (Styrene and Polar Vinyl Monomers)." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_180.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Jiang, David, and Charles A. Wilkie. "Graft Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers onto Polymers Containing Styrene." In Polymer Modification. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1477-4_10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hampton, Kenneth W., and Warren T. Ford. "Synthesis and Emulsion Copolymerizations of Styrene Sulfonate Monomers for Cross-Linked Polyampholyte Latexes." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0755.ch003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wilén, Carl-Eric. "Synthesis of Antioxidant Monomers Based on Sterically Hindered Phenols, α-Tocopherols, Phosphites and Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) and their Copolymerization with Ethylene, Propylene or Styrene." In Antioxidant Polymers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118445440.ch12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Seymour, Raymond B. "Styrene-Maleic Anhydride-Vinyl Monomer Terpolymers and Blends." In High Performance Polymers: Their Origin and Development. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7073-4_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Krishnamurti, Chandrasekhar, Saurabh Dalai, and Mounika Jonnavittula House Surgeon. "An Incident of Styrene Monomer Gas Poisoning at Visakhapatnam." In 5th World Congress on Disaster Management. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003341932-48.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hovhannisyan, A. A., M. Khaddaj, I. A. Gritskova, G. K. Grigoryan, N. G. Grigoryan, and A. G. Nadaryan. "Peculiarities of Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Styrene in Static Heterogeneous Monomer: Water System in the Absence of Emulsifier." In Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials. Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429425301-14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Stein, Judith, and Slawomir Rubinsztajn. "Silane Functionalired Styrene Monomers and Their Polymerization." In Silicon-Containing Polymers. Royal Society of Chemistry, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837672448-00187.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Styrene monomers"

1

Kass, Michael, Jiheon Jun, Christopher Janke, Gavin Warrington, Dino Sulejmanovic, and James Keiser. "Swell Behavior of Elastomers with a Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude and a Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16565.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The compatibility of seventeen elastomer materials with two heavy biofuels (fast pyrolysis bio-oil and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) bio-crude) and diesel was assessed through volume change measurements. The elastomers included two fluorocarbons, six acrylonitrile rubbers (NBRs), and one each of fluorosilicone, neoprene, polyurethane, silicone, epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), a blend of polyvinyl chloride and NBR (OZO), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), hydrogenated NBR (HNBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The specimens were immersed in each test fuel for four weeks at 50°C and then measured for volume change. Afterwards, the specimens were dried, and the volume was remeasured. In general, the bio-oil produced unacceptable swelling in the fluoroelastomers, ECO, OZO, neoprene, polyurethane, SBR, HNBR, EPDM, silicone and five of the NBRs. In most cases, the HTL bio-crude produced lower (though still unacceptable) swelling than the bio-oil. Materials that showed good compatibility with the HTL biocrude were the fluoroelastomers, OZO, and silicone.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kass, Michael D., Christopher J. Janke, Samuel A. Lewis, James R. Keiser, and Raynella M. Connatser. "Elastomer Compatibility with a Pyrolysis-derived Bio-oil." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14613.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The compatibility of fueling infrastructure elastomers in bio-oil and diesel fuel was determined by measuring the volume swell and hardness before and after drying. The bio-oil was produced via fast pyrolysis from a blend of pine feedstocks. The elastomer materials included two fluorocarbons, six acrylonitirile butadiene rubbers (NBRs), fluorosilicone, styrene butadiene rubber, neoprene, polyurethane, neoprene, silicone, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), a blend of NBR and PVC (OZO), and a blend of epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide (ECO). The majority of the elastomer materials (except for EPDM, SBR and silicone) exhibited higher volume expansion in bio-oil than in diesel. Excessive swelling was noted for the polyurethane, neoprene and three of the NBRs. In general, the higher polarity of these elastomers more closely aligned with the polarities of the bio-oil versus the diesel fuel. Conversely, EPDM, SBR, and silicone are relatively nonpolar and this matches the low polarity of the diesel fuel, which resulted in higher volume expansion in diesel, rather than the bio-oil for these four polymers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kokol, Nino, Tomaž Pirman, Martin Ocepek, and Robin A. Hutchinson. "High-Temperature Radical Copolymerization of Dibutyl Itaconate With N-Butyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene." In TBMCE, International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.1.2025.5.

Full text
Abstract:
The homopolymerization of itaconates results in relatively short polymer chains and low monomer conversions. To study whether copolymerization provides a more favorable result, dibutyl itaconate was copolymerized with n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and styrene. In addition to representing the most commercially preferred monomer families, these co-monomers were also chosen due to the differences in the secondary reactions that occur during polymerization at elevated temperatures. Experiments were conducted under semi-batch operating conditions at 110 °C with equal molar ratios of the co-monomer to dibutyl itaconate to enable direct comparison of the results. The impact of varying monomer compositions on polymer molecular mass distributions and polymerization rates was studied, with samples analysed using size exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Caillol, Sylvain. "Plant oil based radically polymerizable monomers for sustainable polymers." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kypx2569.

Full text
Abstract:
We have focuses our studies on the synthesis of novel biobased monomers designed for free radical polymerization which could increase the biomass carbon content pursuing to equal or improve the performance of existing polymers from non-renewable sources. Cardanol, which is a natural phenolic oil, is issued from Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL), a non-edible renewable resource, co-produced from cashew industry in large commercial volumes (1Mt p.a.). Cardanol is non-toxic and particularly suitable for the addition of aromatic renewable resources in polymers and materials. We recently reported various routes for the synthesis of di- and poly-functional building blocks derived from cardanol thereafter used in polymer syntheses. We especially synthesized a new radically polymerizable cardanol-derived monomer. Hence, we synthesized cardanol-based aromatic latex by radical aqueous emulsion (and miniemulsion) polymerization. We also synthesized UV-reactive cardanol-derived latex for styrene-free coating applications. &#x0D;Vegetable oils and their fatty acids (FAs) derivatives have become the most promising alternative solution to design performant bio-based polymers. However, considering the poor reactivity of the internal unsaturation of FAs through radical process, most currently available synthesis of monomers reported in literature are limited to polycondensation. Therefore, the objective of our work was to synthesize monomers from fatty acids bearing reactive function through radical process and evaluate their resulting methacrylate polymers as viscosity modifiers in various oils such as mineral or vegetable oils.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pantić, Olga. "Biobased composite materials obtained from unsaturated polyester resins and waste coffee." In 35th International Congress on Process Industry. SMEITS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/ptk.022.041.

Full text
Abstract:
Replacing styrene with biobased monomers to produce fully biobased unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) turned out to be quite a challenging task. Styrene has been recognized as a hazardous and a potentially carcinogenic substance for human health. Using dimethyl itaconate as an alternative reactive diluent to styrene, which can be obtained from renewable resources, enables low viscosity for easy manipulation of mentioned UPRs. Fully biobased UPRs in question were based on itaconic acid, succinic acid, and propylene glycol, which were then diluted with dimethyl itaconate. Having in mind that UPRs can be used as a matrix for composite materials, this paper examines the effect of different weight ratios of spent coffee grounds as a filler. To determine the application of thus obtained composite materials, characterization consisted of examining mechanical properties based on viscosity measurements, uniaxial stretching experiments, FTIR spectroscopy and gel content analysis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jung, D., A. Hegeman, N. R. Sottos, P. H. Geubelle, and S. R. White. "Self-Healing Composites Using Embedded Microspheres." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0673.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract A self-repairing polyester matrix composite material is described which utilizes embedded polyoxymethylene urea (PMU) microspheres to store a crack filling agent to be released into the crack and rebond the crack faces. The developed repair mechanism uses naturally occurring functional sites in the polyester matrix network to trigger the repair action. The repair agent is mostly composed of styrene monomers and high molecular weight polystyrene. Microscopic observations of the microsphere/crack interaction are presented. Of particular interest is the process with which the microspheres break and release their content when encountered by a crack. The effects of the microspheres on the stiffness and toughness of the polyester resin are also studied. Using standard tensile samples, the composite elastic modulus has been found to decrease with the volume fraction of microspheres, while the fracture toughness of tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) specimens is shown to reach a maximum value at approximately 10% volume fraction. Examinations of the fracture surfaces show tails extending from the microspheres, indicating crack pinning and crack front bowing as the primary toughening mechanisms. An enhanced level of adhesion between the microsphere and matrix has been found to decrease the composite fracture toughness and increase the incidence of sphere breakage on the fracture surface.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kratzok, Max, Anil Saigal, and Michael Zimmerman. "Temperature-Dependent Impact Properties of ABS Polymer." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71382.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Polymeric materials are composed of chains of molecules known as monomers which are held together by secondary bonds. Amorphous polymers have a glass transition temperature above which their behavior transitions from glassy to viscoelastic, meaning they act like both a viscous liquid and an elastic solid. This concept may seem familiar to anyone who has used Silly Putty®; bouncing a ball of Silly Putty causes the material to behave elastically whereas it will flow into a puddle if left on a table overnight. Time temperature superposition (TTS) describes the dependence of viscoelastic mechanical properties on time and temperature. Repeating the Silly Putty experiment at a different temperature will change how long it takes to reach the same end mechanical property. The Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation empirically defines the relationship between a temperature shift and a shift in the timescale for a specific material property. It has been widely used for materials undergoing low rates of strain (e.g. creep, stress relaxation), but it applies to any property of viscoelastic behavior. This paper examines modeling the temperature-dependent impact behavior of polymers based on the WLF equation. Although polymers experience viscoelastic behavior for an incredibly short time prior to fracture, the strong temperature dependence and past literature suggest the validity of the WLF equation to higher rates of strain as demonstrated herein for the energy absorption of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) undergoing high-velocity multiaxial impact tests.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Febriansyar, Rosyad Adrian, Nadya Ummi Azizah, and Widayat. "Optimization heat integration of preliminary plant design of styrene monomer into polystyrene." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATICS, AND ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094754.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cheng, X., L. Yang, and Y. Zhang. "A Novel Styrene-Assisted Monomer Route for Polymer Derived Macroporous SiBCN Ceramic Monolith." In MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019mst/2019/mst_2019_1336_1342.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Cheng, X., L. Yang, and Y. Zhang. "A Novel Styrene-Assisted Monomer Route for Polymer Derived Macroporous SiBCN Ceramic Monolith." In MS&T19. TMS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2019/mst_2019_1336_1342.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Styrene monomers"

1

Moore, Brian, Timothy Haddad, Rene Gonzalez, and Constance Schlaefer. Reactivity Ratios of Isobutyl POSS-Styrene and Styrene Monomers. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422517.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Saiwan, Chintana. Mesostructural ultra thin silica film formation through admicellar technique. Chulalongkorn University, 2003. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2003.78.

Full text
Abstract:
Thin silica film formation from adsolubilization of inorganic silica precursors, letra-n-butoxysilane (TBOS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TBOS) in admicellar polymerization were studies. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at 700 uM and octyl phenol ethoxylate or Triton X-100 at 200 uM were used as surfactant templates for adsolubilizates TBOS and TBOS respectively. For the TBOS/CTAB system, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographic images showed fibers, hemispheres and flat layers existing along with increase of surface coverge on the mica surface as the TBOS feed concentration was increased. The results showed phase separation at low TBOS concentration, At high TBOS concentration, where there was no phase separation, the silica film was flat layer of multi-layer occurring from solublization of silicate anion of oligomers at the admicelle-aqueous solution interface. For the TBOS/ triton X-100 system, the surface morphology on the mica surfaceexhibited the thin homogeneous globular-shaped implying solubilization of TBOS at the admicelle-water interface. Addition of styrene monomer and 2.2-azobisosobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator promoted adsolubilization of TEOS significantly in admicellar core of triton x-100. The surface morphology of the film depended on the amount of styrene and TEOS feed concentrations. As the styrene concentration increases, the periodic structures become more homogeneous. Higher concentration of styrene assisted the incorporation of TBOS in the polystyrene and inhibited the formation of silica particles on the surface, At 3 uM styrene and TEOS concentrations, styrene and TEOS synergistically fabricate the composite silica film with high coverage density.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Styrene monomers' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography