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Journal articles on the topic 'Styrene monomers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mizutani, Masato, Kotaro Satoh, and Masami Kamigaito. "Construction of Vinyl Polymer and Polyester or Polyamide Units in a Single Polymer Chain via Metal-catalyzed Simultaneous Chain- and Step-growth Radical Polymerization of Various Monomers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 4 (2014): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13476.

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Metal-catalyzed simultaneous chain- and step-growth radical polymerization was examined to combine common conjugated vinyl monomers, such as various acrylates and styrene, as chain-growth monomers and various ester- or amide-linked monomers bearing both an unconjugated C=C bond and an active C–Cl bond as step-growth monomers. The CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine-catalyzed copolymerization of alkyl acrylates and various step-growth monomers at a 1 : 1-monomer feed ratio resulted in almost linear random copolymers that consisted of vinyl polymer and polyester units. Additional f

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2

Yohanala P. T., Flaviana, Restu Mulya Dewa, Karinda Quarta, Widiyastuti Widiyastuti, and Sugeng Winardi. "Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 7 (2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n7p121.

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Polystyrene spheres have been synthesized using potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators without using anysurfactant or stabilizing agent. Simple mixing method was used to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrenespheres. The influences of mixing time, ammount of styrene monomers, and ammount of initiators were studiedin this research. Size measurement and its distribution were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Monodisperse spheres and verry narrow size distribution are expected in this research. The results showed thatthe most optimum time to synthesize styrene monomer into po

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3

Yu, Xinliang, Wenhao Yu, Bing Yi, and Xueye Wang. "Prediction of monomer reactivity ratios in radical copolymerization of vinyl monomers." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 9 (2009): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2008215.

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Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models are developed to predict monomer reactivity ratios (log r12) in radical copolymerization with monomers M1 (styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile) and M2 (vinyl monomers). The quantum chemical descriptors are calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G(d) basis set. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to generate Model S (monomer 1: styrene), Model MM (monomer 1: methyl methacrylate) and Model A (monomer 1: acrylonitrile). Simulatio

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4

Engler, Anthony, Habin Park, Manas Madhira, et al. "Investigation on Tethered Anion Effects in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024521mtgabs.

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Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been proposed to reduce concentration polarizations within batteries by immobilizing anions to the polymer matrix, which can help stabilize the electrodeposition process and extend Li-ion battery lifetime. Unfortunately, single-ion conducting SPEs continue to suffer from poor conductivity due to coupling with the slow segmental mobility of polymer chains and poor ion pair dissociation. Our group systematically investigated how different tethered anions affect the Li-ion conduction and polymer segmental mobility. Copolymers were synthesized using a common

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5

Desire, Christopher T., R. Dario Arrua, Fotouh R. Mansour, Stefan A. F. Bon, and Emily F. Hilder. "Styrene-based polymerised high internal phase emulsions using monomers in the internal phase as co-surfactants for improved liquid chromatography." RSC Advances 12, no. 16 (2022): 9773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07705h.

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Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-based monoliths prepared from the polymerisation of water-in-monomer high internal phase emulsions, where water-soluble monomers acrylamide or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (Mw 258) were included in internal phase.

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6

Yang, Ke, Hui Niu, Zhenghai Shi, et al. "Convenient synthesis of versatile syndiotactic polystyrene materials containing pendant alkenyl groups with a scandium catalyst system." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 27 (2018): 3709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00607e.

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The syndioselective copolymerization of styrene with five alkenyl functionalized styrenic monomers, with the use of a scandium catalyst, produced a new family of versatile syndiotactic polystyrene materials with pendant alkenyl groups.

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7

Lyons, RA, and E. Senogles. "Reactivities of Monomers Towards the 1-Methyl-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl Radical." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 12 (1994): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9942201.

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The relative reactivities of acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate , methyl methacrylate and styrene towards the 1-methyl-1-( methoxycarbonyl )ethyl radical have been determined at 60°C, and the results compared with those for the poly (methyl methacrylate ) radical. The results for methyl acrylate suggest that the copolymerization of this monomer with methyl methacrylate is adequately described by a terminal mechanism. Those for styrene show that the presence of a penultimate styrene or methyl methacrylate unit in a poly(methyl methacrylate ) radical leads to a slightly greater preference for this r

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8

Bauer, R. F. "A Two-Step Emulsion Polymerization Process Catalyzed by an Organic Diperoxide." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77, no. 4 (2004): 776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547851.

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Abstract An emulsion polymerization process is described which consists of consecutively polymerizing at least two olefinic monomers using an organic diperoxide with two independently functioning peroxy groups, namely 2,5-dimethyl-2-t-butylperoxy-5-hydroxy hexane. In the first polymerization step, the hydroperoxide group is activated by a redox reaction at low temperatures without decomposing the t-butyl peroxide portion of the initiator molecule. After charging fresh monomer, the t-butyl peroxide can then be thermally activated to initiate a second-stage polymerization reaction. This polymeri

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9

Schovanec, Martin, Jiří Horálek, Štěpán Podzimek, and Jaromír Šňupárek. "Copolymerization of 2-[3-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl Methacrylate with Styrene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 72, no. 9 (2007): 1244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20071244.

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Radical copolymerization of 2-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl methacrylate (M1) with styrene (M2) at 70 °C in 1,4-dioxane was investigated and the reactivity ratios were determined. The copolymerization was carried out as batch copolymerization to a low conversion or as copolymerization with a continuous addition of monomers at higher instantaneous conversion. The monomer reactivity ratios of the copolymerizable UV stabilizer 2-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl methacrylate with styrene were determined using the Finemann-Ross plot for both copolymeration technique

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10

Gziut, Konrad, Agnieszka Kowalczyk, Beata Schmidt, Tomasz J. Idzik, and Jacek G. Sośnicki. "Influence of Methacrylate and Vinyl Monomers on Radical Bulk Photopolymerization Process and Properties of Epoxy-Acrylate Structural Adhesives." Polymers 15, no. 4 (2023): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040926.

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In this paper, epoxy-acrylate structural adhesives tapes (SATs) were obtained from Bisphenol A-based liquid epoxy resin and epoxy acrylic resins (EARs). A new method of EARs preparation, i.e., the free radical bulk photopolymerization process (FRBP), was studied in detail. The influence of methacrylic monomers (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, (2-acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate) and vinyl monomers (N-vinylpyrrolidone and styrene) on the FRBP process of base monomers (i.e., butyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) was in

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11

Dayter, Lily A., Kate A. Murphy, and Devon A. Shipp. "RAFT Polymerization of Monomers with Highly Disparate Reactivities: Use of a Single RAFT Agent and the Synthesis of Poly(styrene-block-vinyl acetate)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 12 (2013): 1564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13375.

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A single reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, malonate N,N-diphenyldithiocarbamate (MDP-DTC) is shown to successfully mediate the polymerization of several monomers with greatly differing reactivities in radical/RAFT polymerizations, including both vinyl acetate and styrene. The chain transfer constants (Ctr) for MDP-DTC for both these monomers were evaluated; these were found to be ~2.7 in styrene and ~26 in vinyl acetate, indicating moderate control over styrene polymerization and good control of vinyl acetate polymerization. In particular, the MDP-DTC RAFT agent al

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12

Mohsen, Hassan Noori, Yehya Kamal Al-Bayati, and Rana Rasool Jalil. "Iron Ionic Imprinted Polymers IIps for Separation and Preconcentration of Iron from Crude and Fuel Oil." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, no. 2 (2022): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.656.

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A novel Iron ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) was synthesized by bulk polymerization using different types of monomers such as 1-vinyl imidazole and Styrene, respectively. Molar ratios of monomer, template and cross-linking agent for polymerization, various monomers and solvents were studied to obtain the largest adsorption capacity for Iron. The prepared Iron-IIPs were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier - transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The three-dimensional network structure surfaces of Iron-IIPs are unaffected

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13

Akhtar¹, Naheed, Muhammad Siddique Awan, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali, Omer Aziz, and Farhana Bibi. "Polystyrene Bioremediation: A Perspective on Microbial and Environmental Constrained Interventions." Scandic Journal Of Advanced Research And Reviews 3, no. 2 (2022): 016–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55966/sjarr.2022.3.2.0051.

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The polystyrene is the specific kind of plastics based upon petroleum which is composed of monomers of vinyl benzene (styrene). Regardless of the attraction of polystyrene, multiple organizations and municipalities are enduring an emerging challenge during disposal of polystyrene products and packaging. It is appraised that the products of polystyrene accounts for not more than 1% of the overall burden of landfill resources. It could be a greater health threat for humans also who are on the topmost level of food chain and farsighted styrene monomers of the plastics used in engineering polystyr

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14

Hayama, Riho, Tetsuo Koyama, Takahiko Matsushita, Ken Hatano, and Koji Matsuoka. "Preparation of Functional Monomers as Precursors of Bioprobes from a Common Styrene Derivative and Polymer Synthesis." Molecules 23, no. 11 (2018): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112875.

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CM-Str (4-(Chloromethyl)styrene) was used as a useful starting material for the construction of a series of functional monomers. Substitution of the chlorine to the corresponding azide was performed, and the reduction of the azide proceeded smoothly to afford an aminostyrene, which was used as a common precursor for the preparation of functional monomers. Condensation of the amine with a fluorophore, biotin and carbohydrate was accomplished. Among the monomers, a carbohydrate monomer was polymerized with or without acrylamide as a model polymerization to yield the corresponding water-soluble g

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15

Kozakiewicz, Janusz, Joanna Trzaskowska, Wojciech Domanowski, et al. "Studies on Synthesis and Characterization of Aqueous Hybrid Silicone-Acrylic and Acrylic-Silicone Dispersions and Coatings. Part I." Coatings 9, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010025.

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The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the method of synthesis on properties of aqueous hybrid silicone-acrylic (SIL-ACR) and acrylic-silicone (ACR-SIL) dispersions. SIL-ACR dispersions were obtained by emulsion polymerization of mixtures of acrylic and styrene monomers (butyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid and methacrylamide) of two different compositions in aqueous dispersions of silicone resins synthesized from mixtures of silicone monomers (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, vinyltriethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane) of two different compositions. ACR-SIL dispersions

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16

Alexakis, Alexandros E., Thayanithi Ayyachi, Maryam Mousa, Peter Olsén, and Eva Malmström. "2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol as a Biobased Monomer Precursor for Thermoplastics and Thermoset Polymers." Polymers 15, no. 9 (2023): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092168.

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To address the increasing demand for biobased materials, lignin-derived ferulic acid (FA) is a promising candidate. In this study, an FA-derived styrene-like monomer, referred to as 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (MVP), was used as the platform to prepare functional monomers for radical polymerizations. Hydrophobic biobased monomers derived from MVP were polymerized via solution and emulsion polymerization resulting in homo- and copolymers with a wide range of thermal properties, thus showcasing their potential in thermoplastic applications. Moreover, divinylbenzene (DVB)-like monomers were prepared

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17

Kharchenko, O., V. Smokal, O. Krupka, and A. Kolendo. "THERMOSTABILITY OF POLYSTYRENE BY STYRYLQUINOLINE CONTAINING METHACRYLATES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Chemistry, no. 1(56) (2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2209.2019.1(56).8.

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It's known that polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics. The materials based on it are used in almost all branches of engineering and human's daily life. Therefore, the creation of new highly effective thermal stabilizers for polystyrene remains as the actual task of polymer chemistry. Combining fragments of basic industrial monomer with the modifiers in the polymer matrix provides the ability to control performance properties of obtained materials. Investigation of thermostabilitive action of new styrylquinoline containing methacrylic monomers on polystyrene have been described in

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18

van den Dungen, Eric T. A., Jacques Rinquest, Nadine O. Pretorius, et al. "Investigation into the Initialization Behaviour of RAFT-Mediated Styrene–Maleic Anhydride Copolymerizations." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 10 (2006): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06238.

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The living radical alternating copolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride mediated by the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization process has been studied at short chain lengths using two different dithiobenzoate RAFT agents. The results indicate specificity of addition of the RAFT-agent leaving groups for either styrene or maleic anhydride. The addition rate of the monomers and the fact that monomers are added individually favour the penultimate unit model of polymer propagation.

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19

González-Pluma, Marisol, Luis E. Elizalde, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra, Guadalupe Telles-Padilla, Ledezma Raquel, and Mildred Flores-Guerrero. "Synthesis of Styrene Monomers Hydroxyl Functionalized." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 50, no. 11 (2013): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2013.829357.

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20

Yang, Mei-Lin, Kai Li, and Harald D. H. Stöver. "Living cationic polymerization of styrene monomers." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 15, no. 5 (1994): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1994.030150506.

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21

Sharma, Arvind K., and Dario Pasini. "Fluorinated styrene-based monomers for cyclopolymerizations." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 132, no. 11 (2011): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.07.021.

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22

Nieswandt, Katharina, Prokopios Georgopanos, Clarissa Abetz, Volkan Filiz, and Volker Abetz. "Synthesis of Poly(3-vinylpyridine)-Block-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization." Materials 12, no. 19 (2019): 3145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193145.

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In this work, we present a novel synthetic route to diblock copolymers based on styrene and 3-vinylpyridine monomers. Surfactant-free water-based reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of the macroRAFT agent poly(3-vinylpyridine) (P3VP) is used to synthesize diblock copolymers with molecular weights of around 60 kDa. The proposed mechanism for the poly(3-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(styrene) (P3VP-b-PS) synthesis is the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) which involves the in situ formation of well-defined micellar nanos

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23

Jiang, Yudian, Kun Cao, and Qi Wang. "Linear Radical Additions-Coupling Polymerization (LRAsCP): Model, Experiment and Application." Polymers 17, no. 6 (2025): 741. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17060741.

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Exploring new polymerization strategies for currently available monomers is a challenge in polymer science. Herein, a bifunctional initiator (BFI) is introduced for the conventional radical polymerization of a vinyl monomer, resulting in linear radical additions-coupling polymerization (LRAsCP). In LRAsCP, the coupling reaction alongside the addition reaction of the radicals contributes to the construction of polymer chains, which leads to stepwise growth of the multiblock structure. Theoretical analysis of LRAsCP predicted variation of some structural parameters of the resulting multiblock po

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24

Wen, Shuang Shuang, Guang Xue Chen, Qi Feng Chen, Zhen Cai Qu, and Jin Yan. "Analysis and Synthesis of Surface Sizing Agent BLD-02." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1401.

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The chemical composition of surface sizing agent BLD-02 was researched, as well as its synthesis method. BLD-02 was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and the main monomers were styrene, acrylate and acrylonitrile. In the process of synthesis, these monomers were prepared for copolymer latex by seed emulsion polymerization. Through a series of pre-trial, the results showed that when the contents of initiator and emulsifying agent were 0.3% and 3% (the percentage of total) respectively, the weight ratio of hard monomer to soft monomer was 2/3 and the reaction temperature was 75°C, the synthetic

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25

Miyagawa, Atsushi, Shinya Ohno та Hatsuo Yamamura. "N,N-Bis(hexyl α-d-acetylmannosyl) Acrylamide". Molbank 2021, № 3 (2021): M1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1255.

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Glycosyl monomers for the assembly of multivalent ligands are typically synthesized using carbohydrates with biological functions and polymerizable functional groups such as acrylamide or styrene introduced into the carbohydrate aglycon, and monomers polymerized using a radical initiator. Herein, we report the acryloylation of 6-aminohexyl α-d-mannoside and its conversion into the glycosyl monomer bearing an acrylamide group. The general acryloylation procedure afforded the desired N-hexyl α-d-acetylmannosyl acrylamide monomer as well as an unexpected compound with a close Rf value. The compou

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26

Kohut, Ananiy, Roman Fleychuk, Orest Hevus, and Stanislav Voronov. "Macroinitiators on the basis of new peroxide surface active monomers." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 1, no. 2 (2007): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht01.02.083.

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The surface active properties of new peroxide maleic monomers were investigated. The regularities of their copolymerization with styrene were studied. Peroxide polymers containing ditertiary alkyl peroxide groups in side substituents of backbone as the prospective high-temperature free radical macroinitiators were synthesized.

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27

Wang, Jing Chang, Jian Tao Zhao, Zhong Hua Du, Chun Ming Liu, and Xu Dong. "Research on Performance of the Monomers about Acrylic Pour Point Depressant." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.884.

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Kinds of pour point depressants were prepared from common monomers, octadecyl acrylate, maleic anhydride, styrene, acrylamide and vinyl acetate. Because the monomers have various functional groups, the performance of the polymers that were prepared from different monomers showed different. The performance of the pour point depressants on solubility in diesel and the drop of pour point on Daqing crude oil was studied. The results showed that styrene and vinyl acetate could increase the solubility of the pour point depressants; maleic anhydride and acrylamide could improve the drop of crude oil

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28

Pellecchia, Claudio, and Leone Oliva. "Ethylene—Styrene Copolymerization." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 3 (1999): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538817.

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Abstract Ethylene—styrene copolymers are new materials developed within the last decade using the new homogeneous olefin polymerization catalysts (generally referred to as “metallocene catalysts”). By proper selection of the catalytic system and the reaction conditions, a variety of copolymers with different compositions, structures, and properties can be obtained. Thus, copolymers containing a very low amount of styrene (or p-methylstyrene) on a substantially polyethylenic backbone are crystalline thermoplastics, which could be used to produce functionalized PEs. Increasing the styrene conten

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29

Lima, Mafalda S., Cátia S. M. F. Costa, Jorge F. J. Coelho, Ana C. Fonseca, and Arménio C. Serra. "A simple strategy toward the substitution of styrene by sobrerol-based monomers in unsaturated polyester resins." Green Chemistry 20, no. 21 (2018): 4880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc01214h.

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30

Muringayil Joseph, Tomy, Sumi Murali Nair, Suresh Kattimuttathu Ittara, Józef T. Haponiuk, and Sabu Thomas. "Copolymerization of Styrene and Pentadecylphenylmethacrylate (PDPMA): Synthesis, Characterization, Thermomechanical and Adhesion Properties." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010097.

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The copolymerization of styrene (St) with a bioderived monomer, pentadecylphenyl methacrylate (PDPMA), via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was studied in this work. The copolymerization reactivity ratio was calculated using the composition data obtained from 1H NMR spectroscopy, applying Kelen-Tudos and Finemann-Ross methods. The reactivity ratio of styrene (r1 = 0.93) and PDPMA (r2 = 0.05) suggested random copolymerization of the two monomers with alternation. The copolymerization conversion increased with increasing PDPMA concentration of the feed, upto 70 wt % PDPMA, but decreas

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31

Liu, Jie, Xin Min, Xuan Zhang, et al. "A novel synthetic strategy for styrene–butadiene–styrene tri-block copolymer with high cis -1,4 units via changing catalytic active centres." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 6 (2019): 190536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190536.

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A styrene–butadiene–styrene tri-block copolymer (SBS) with a high cis -1,4 unit content (greater than 97%) was synthesized by a novel synthetic strategy based on changing the catalytic active centres using n -butyllithium and a nickel-based catalyst. Firstly, styrene was polymerized via anionic polymerization using butyllithium as the initiator (Li, activity centre Li) at 50°C. The obtained alkylated macroinitiator (PSLi) was aged with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and boron trifluoride etherate (B) to prepare a second reactive centre (Ni-F), which was used to initiate the polymerization of butadien

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Kamal, I., S. M. Kabeb, M. López-Mesas, and Nurlin Abu Samah. "Arsenic Removal Using Ion Imprinted Polymer: Synthesis and Characterization." Current Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cst.v3i1.9665.

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Efforts to mitigate arsenic contamination have spurred the development of various remediation technologies, among which ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) have emerged as a promising solution. IIPs are a class of functional polymer materials tailored to selectively recognize and adsorb specific ions from solution based on their molecular imprinting technique. IIP can be develop using different kinds of monomer. There were 8 potential monomers that can be used such as vinyl pyridine, allylthiourea, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, allylamine, 1-vinylimiadzole and styrene. In this

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Wang, Rong, Yijun Zheng, Xiaofu Li, et al. "Optically active helical vinylbiphenyl polymers with reversible thermally induced stereomutation." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 18 (2016): 3134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00447d.

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A series of novel chiral vinylbiphenyl monomers, (+)-2-[(S)-alkoxycarbonyl]-5-(4′-hexyloxyphenyl)styrene (S-(+)-I-Mm, m = 0, 1, 2, 3)/(−)-2-[(R)-sec-butyloxycarbonyl]-5-(4′-hexyloxyphenyl)styrene (R-(−)-I-M0), were designed and synthesized to search for new building blocks of optically active helical polymers.

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34

Nishida, Takenori, Kotaro Satoh, and Masami Kamigaito. "Biobased Polymers via Radical Homopolymerization and Copolymerization of a Series of Terpenoid-Derived Conjugated Dienes with exo-Methylene and 6-Membered Ring." Molecules 25, no. 24 (2020): 5890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245890.

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A series of exo-methylene 6-membered ring conjugated dienes, which are directly or indirectly obtained from terpenoids, such as β-phellandrene, carvone, piperitone, and verbenone, were radically polymerized. Although their radical homopolymerizations were very slow, radical copolymerizations proceeded well with various common vinyl monomers, such as methyl acrylate (MA), acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and styrene (St), resulting in copolymers with comparable incorporation ratios of bio-based cyclic conjugated monomer units ranging from 40 to 60 mol% at a 1:1 feed ratio. The mon

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35

Avasthi, Kalpana, Ashish Bohre, Miha Grilc, Blaž Likozar, and Basudeb Saha. "Advances in catalytic production processes of biomass-derived vinyl monomers." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 16 (2020): 5411–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy00598c.

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Simula, Alexandre, Miren Aguirre, Nicholas Ballard, et al. "Novel alkoxyamines for the successful controlled polymerization of styrene and methacrylates." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 10 (2017): 1728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py02190e.

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37

Zhang, Yueyan, Katrina M. Konopka, Richard S. Glass, Kookheon Char, and Jeffrey Pyun. "Chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers (CHIPs) via inverse vulcanization and dynamic covalent polymerizations." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 34 (2017): 5167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00587c.

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Li, Joshua Qing Song, Yan Qiu Wang, and Hai Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of Silica/Polymer Hybrid Submicron Particles via a Semi-Continuous Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.225.

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Submicron hybrid particles were prepared by direct polymerization of three monomers of styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and vinyl acetate (VAC) onto the hydrophilic surface of 230 nm silica submicron particles without any coupling agent in a semi-continuous emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization at a monomer starved condition. The polymerization was initiated by potassium persulfate with constant monomer feed at 0.01, 0.02, or 0.04 mL/min, after adding 230 nm silica seed particles. The particle growth was investigated with a laser particle size analyzer and SEM, and the particle surfaces b

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Husár, Branislav, Norbert Moszner, and Ivan Lukáč. "Synthesis and photooxidation of styrene copolymer bearing camphorquinone pendant groups." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (March 6, 2012): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.37.

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(±)-10-Methacryloyloxycamphorquinone (MCQ) was synthesized from (±)-10-camphorsulfonic acid either by a known seven-step synthetic route or by a novel, shorter five-step synthetic route. MCQ was copolymerized with styrene (S) and the photochemical behavior of the copolymer MCQ/S was compared with that of a formerly studied copolymer of styrene with monomers containing the benzil (BZ) moiety (another 1,2-dicarbonyl). Irradiation (λ > 380 nm) of aerated films of styrene copolymers with monomers containing the BZ moiety leads to the insertion of two oxygen atoms between the carbonyl groups of

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40

Phan, Trang N. T., Adèle Ferrand, Hien The Ho, et al. "Vinyl monomers bearing a sulfonyl(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide group: synthesis and polymerization using nitroxide-mediated polymerization." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 45 (2016): 6901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01004k.

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Zhu, Xian Mei, Gang Hu Cheng, and Hong Zhao Liu. "Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Emulsion of Styrene and Acrylate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1886.

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The control of particle size and its distribution has become more and more important both in theory and in practice of emulsion polymerization field. In this study, cationic styrene-acrylate copolymer containing functional monomer was converted into water-soluble polymers by reaction with quaternising agents and acids with the free-soap emulsion polymerization method. The latex was obtained at the existence of nitrogen by the copolymerization of hydrophobic monomer styrene and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydrophilic monomer dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, modified PVA-0588 as the emulsifiers. The

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RABAGLIATI, FRANCO M., MARIA V. CUEVAS, MÓNICA A. PÉREZ, et al. "HOMO- AND COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE AND STYRENE RELATED MONOMERS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION." Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 61, no. 4 (2016): 3304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072016000400030.

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Cook, L. A., J. L. Hensley, E. G. Miller, and G. W. Tindall. "Determination of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine monomers in poly(2-vinylpyridine—styrene)." Journal of Chromatography A 463 (January 1989): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)84459-9.

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44

Zhong, Yuanhao, Chunji Wu, and Dongmei Cui. "Syndio-and cis-1,4 dually selective copolymerization of polar fluorostyrene and butadiene using rare-earth metal catalysts." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 20 (2020): 3961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi00719f.

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Synthesizing functional butadiene–styrene rubber through coordination polymerization is a theoretical challenge for polymer science, since functional monomers usually deactivate to the applied catalysts.

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45

Ishihara, Mina, Tomofumi Kaeda, and Takashi Sasaki. "Silica/polymer core–shell particles prepared via soap-free emulsion polymerization." e-Polymers 20, no. 1 (2020): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2020-0028.

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AbstractIn this study, core–shell particles were prepared as a hybrid material, in which a thin polymer shell was formed on the surface of the SiO2 sphere particles. The core–shell structure was successfully achieved without adding a surfactant via simple free-radical polymerization (soap-free emulsion polymerization) for various monomers of styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and their derivatives. MMA formed thin homogeneous shells of polymer (PMMA) less than 100 nm in thickness with complete surface coverage and a very smooth shell surface. The obtained shell morphology strongly depended on

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46

Malins, Edward L., Carl Waterson та C. Remzi Becer. "Alternating copolymers of functionalized α-methyl styrene monomers and maleic anhydride". Polymer Chemistry 6, № 36 (2015): 6543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00935a.

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Wu, Yuchao, Mingen Fei, Renhui Qiu, Wendi Liu, and Jianhui Qiu. "A Review on Styrene Substitutes in Thermosets and Their Composites." Polymers 11, no. 11 (2019): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111815.

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In recent decades, tremendous interest and technological development have been poured into thermosets and their composites. The thermosets and composites with unsaturated double bonds curing system are especially concerned due to their versatility. To further exploit such resins, reactive diluents (RDs) with unsaturated sites are usually incorporated to improve their processability and mechanical properties. Traditional RD, styrene, is a toxic volatile organic compound and one of the anticipated carcinogens warned by the National Institute of Health, USA. Most efforts have been conducted on re

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Abu-Abdoun, Ideisan I. "Synthesis and Polymerization of 4-Vinylbenzylphenylsulfone." Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science 12 (November 25, 2023): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.16.

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The preparation of new sulfone monomer and polymer based on 4-Vinylbenzylphenylsulfone (4-VBPS) and free radical polymerization was investigated, based on the reaction of chloromethyl styrene with sodium phenyl sulfone (phSO2Na) in dimethylformamide (DMF), using the phase transfer catalysts 18-crown-6. Copolymerization of the prepared sulphone monomer with p-methylstyrene was carried out at 65 ˚C. Nonpolymerizable 4-Ethylbenzylphenylsulfone was also prepared. The prepared monomers and polymers were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques, the number-average molecular weights (Mn) o

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Jiménez-Victoria, Ariadna, René D. Peralta-Rodríguez, Enrique Saldívar-Guerra, Gladis Y. Cortez-Mazatán, Lluvia de Abril A. Soriano-Melgar, and Carlos Guerrero-Sánchez. "Emulsion Polymerization Using an Amphiphilic Oligoether Ionic Liquid as a Surfactant." Polymers 14, no. 17 (2022): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173475.

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We investigate the use of an ionic liquid (IL) as a surfactant in emulsion polymerization (EP) reactions. ILs have been proposed as surfactants for micellar dispersions, emulsions, micro-emulsions and suspensions. Thus, it is important to acquire knowledge of the application of ILs in heterogeneous polymerizations. We selected the amphiphile cationic oligoether IoLiLyte C1EG™ as an IL for this purpose and compared its performance to that of the conventional surfactant dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) in the EP of methyl methacrylate and styrene. After we found the proper concentration

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Shi, Yuan‐chang, You‐shi Wu, Gan‐zuo Li, and Wei‐zhong Zhu. "Solubilization of Styrene and Acrylamide Monomers in Microemulsions." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (2003): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/dis-120019974.

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