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Journal articles on the topic 'Sub-carrier signal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

S., Shanmugasundaram. "Sub Carrier Analysis for QAM Modulation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 4 (2017): 354–57. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i4.866.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless data transmission system is a multi-carrier system in which single higher rate data stream can be divided into multiple lower rate data streams. Modulation and De-Modulation technique play a major role in OFDM based data transmission system. Based on Modulation technique only, the frequency transformation method and encoding and decoding methods are enabled. Effective modulation techniques called as “Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)”modulation are used to design an OFDM System. Carrier signal is one of the import
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Shanmugasundaram, S. "Sub Carrier Analysis for QAM Modulation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 4 (2017): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i4.866.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless data transmission system is a multi-carrier system in which single higher rate data stream can be divided into multiple lower rate data streams. Modulation and De-Modulation technique play a major role in OFDM based data transmission system. Based on Modulation technique only, the frequency transformation method and encoding and decoding methods are enabled. Effective modulation techniques called as “Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)” modulation are used to design an OFDM System. Carrier signal is one of the important signals
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3

Chen, Xiaofei, Xiaochun Lu, Xue Wang, Jing Ke, and Xia Guo. "Constant Envelope Multiplexing of Multi-Carrier DSSS Signals Considering Sub-Carrier Frequency Constraint." Electronics 10, no. 2 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020211.

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With the development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), multiple signals modulated on different sub-carriers are needed to provide various services and to ensure compatibility with previous signals. As an effective method to provide diversified signals without introducing the nonlinear distortion of High Power Amplifier (HPA), the multi-carrier constant envelope multiplexing is widely used in satellite navigation systems. However, the previous method does not consider the influence of sub-carrier frequency constraint on the multiplexing signal, which may lead to signal power leakag
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Chen, Siyu, Hang Sun, Min Weng, Shijie Wen, Le Li, and Bingqing Liu. "Design and Research of Channel Circuit Based on Broadband Power Line Carrier." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2433, no. 1 (2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2433/1/012017.

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Abstract In order to effectively improve the anti-attenuation, anti-noise and anti-impedance change capabilities of the low-voltage narrowband power line carrier communication unit, reduce the carrier signal coupling attenuation, and highly fidelity signal power encoded and modulated by the carrier chip, an improved high-speed power line carrier communication transceiver circuit is designed. Using 303.13kHz~357.81kHz as sub-carrier signal frequency can effectively avoid the random noise generated by high-power power electronic equipment and household appliances below 35kHz. At the same time, t
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Cao, Xiaomao, Hong Ma, Hua Zhang, and Jiang Jin. "Virtual Array-Based Signal Detection and Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in a Multistatic Collaborative Passive Detection System." Remote Sensing 16, no. 17 (2024): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16173152.

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To tackle the problem of difficult signal detection and carrier frequency synchronization faced by wireless communication among stations of the multistatic passive detection system in interference environments, an adaptive signal detection and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation method based on a virtual array is proposed in this paper. This is a data-aided method that utilizes a training sequence composed of three segments of sub-training sequences with different symbols. This method first uses spatial spectrum estimation to obtain the coarse frequency estimations of interference signal
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6

Oteng-Amoako, Kingsley, and Saeid Nooshabadi. "Adaptive Turbo-Coded Hybrid-ARQ in OFDM Systems over Gaussian and Fading Channels." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 2, no. 1 (2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i1.300.

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In this paper, an analytical approach for spectral efficiency maximization of coded wideband transmissions is presented based on OFDM. The approach exploits Type-III Hybrid-ARQ, enabling all sub-carriers to be employed in codeword transmission regardless of the sub-carrier conditions.The effects of imperfect sub-channel estimation are characterized and compensated for during code rate and signal constellation optimization. The results of the paper highlight that by independently adapting the code rate and signal constellation to individual OFDM sub-carriers based on an estimated sub-carrier CS
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Wang, Xiangqing, Lei Ren, Xiaokun Yang, and Dongfei Wang. "A Scheme for Generating Millimeter Wave Signals through 32-Tupling Frequency Multiplication without Filtering Using Eight Mach-Zehnder Modulators." Mathematics 12, no. 17 (2024): 2781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12172781.

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In this paper, a filterless 32-tupling millimeter wave generation scheme based on eight MZMs is proposed. The system has an upper and lower parallel two-branch structure. The upper branch consists of two subsystems Sub-A and Sub-B in cascade, each subsystem contains four MZMs, and the MZMs are all operating at maximum transfer point (MATP). Sub-A mainly generates ±8th order optical sideband signal as the incident light signal of Sub-B. After modulation of Sub−B, the output signal is mainly ±16th order optical sideband signal containing the central optical carrier component. The optical attenua
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Ren, Lu-Lu, Hao Dong, Ting-Ting Han, Yun Chen, and Shou-Nian Ding. "Enhanced anodic electrochemiluminescence of CdTe quantum dots based on electrocatalytic oxidation of a co-reactant by dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles and its application for sandwiched immunoassays." Analyst 142, no. 20 (2017): 3934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an01231d.

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9

Yin, Jing, Yan Zhao, Feng Yang, Dengcai Yang, and Yunxin Wang. "Generation of a Fundamental/Doubled Frequency Phase-Coded Microwave Signal Based on Polarization Multiplexed Technology." Photonics 10, no. 3 (2023): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030293.

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Microwave photonic phase-shifting technology can be used to generate high-frequency, broadband, and tunable phase-coded microwave signals, which are helpful in solving the contradiction between the detection range and the range resolution in radar systems. A method for generating a reconfigurable carrier phase-coded signal of a fundamental or doubled carrier frequency, based on polarization multiplexed technology, is proposed and verified by the experiments in this paper. A dual-parallel dual-polarization Mach–Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM) and a polarization-dependent phase modulator (PD-PM) we
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Mahmood, Nasir, Muhammad Khalil Shahid, and Ali Saeed. "A Comparative analysis of OFDM based Communication using different Mapping Schemes for Signal Modulation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 10 (2014): 3952–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v12i10.2982.

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OFDM is a multiplexing technique that is used to divide a frequency spectrum into sub-carriers that are orthogonal to each other. They are capable to carry high rate data transmission. The orthogonality is maintained by keeping one sub carrier, null on the centre of other sub carriers. Sub-carriers have cyclic prefix which is placed in between them and the bandwidth wastage due to guard band is reduced up to 50%. Spectral efficiency is of OFDM is far better than other frequency modulation techniques due to othrognality. Additionally, CP design helps in better diversity gain. The data is disp
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Ren, Yuanchao. "The application of ultrawideband technology in future wireless communications and practical exploration." Applied and Computational Engineering 6, no. 1 (2023): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/6/20230915.

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An innovative form of wireless communication technology is called ultra-wideband technology. By directly modulating impulse pulses with extremely rapid rise and fall times, it is possible to create signals with bandwidths of the order of GHz. It has the benefits of being insensitive to channel fading, low power spectral density of the transmitted signal, low interception capability, low system complexity, and the ability to provide several centimeters of positioning accuracy. It also resolves the main propagation issues that have plagued traditional wireless technology for many years. Early hi
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12

Li, Bin, Wei Zheng, Shu Bo Ren, and Jian Jun Wu. "Optimal Selection of Cyclic-Prefix and Sub-Carrier for OFDM Signal in Mobile Satellite Communications Channel." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1194.

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Adapted parameters of OFDM signals can bring performance improvement in mobile satellite communications. This paper firstly analyzes the effect of cyclic-prefix (CP) length and sub-carrier bandwidth on system interference and capacity. This effect can be described by a formula which consists of system capacity, CP length and sub-carrier bandwidth. Then using this formula, a method to select the optimal parameters is given. In the end, a numerical calculation is performed to figure out the optimal parameters, considering the multipath delay spread and Doppler spread in satellite channel. It com
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13

Mahendra, Sharma, and Kumar Singh Santhosh. "Orthogonality Measurent of Ofdm Signal." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 3 (2018): 595–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp595-598.

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In recent days, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is the technique to transmit and receive the signal without any overlapping of the signal. OFDM is also a multiplexing technique as well as modulation technique. It is a multi-carrier transmission technique in which single high data stream is divided into a number of lower rate streams that are transmitted simultaneous over some narrow sub channel. In general, OFDM avoids Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI), Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) and fault transmissions between source and destination node. To measure the performance of the syste
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14

Lei, Ziwei, Peng Yang, and Linhua Zheng. "Detection and Frequency Estimation of Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Signals Based on Channelized Modulated Wideband Converters." Electronics 7, no. 9 (2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090170.

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It is challenging to detect and track frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) signals due to their wideband frequencies and the limitations of current hardware. In the implementation, there has been a trend of conducting compressive sensing for blind signal processing of FHSS signals. The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is a type of sub-Nyquist sampling system, which accomplishes the recovery of highly accurate broadband sparse signals by multichannel sub-Nyquist sampling sequences. However, it is difficult to adjust MWC to FHSS signals, because the support set and sparsity change with the
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15

Sharma, Mahendra, and Santhosh Kumar Singh. "Orthogonality Measurent of OFDM Signal." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 3 (2018): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i3.pp595-598.

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<p>In recent days, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is the technique to transmit and receive the signal without any overlapping of the signal. OFDM is also a multiplexing technique as well as modulation technique. It is a multi-carrier transmission technique in which single high data stream is divided into a number of lower rate streams that are transmitted simultaneous over some narrow sub channel. In general, OFDM avoids Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI), Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) and fault transmissions between source and destination node. To measure the performance of
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16

Ji, Yuanfa, Ying Zhang, Xiyan Sun, Xizi Jia, and Jingjing Li. "Enhanced Synchronization Algorithms for BOC Signals Based on Reconstructed Sub-Correlation Functions." Electronics 12, no. 13 (2023): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132839.

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Aiming at the ambiguous synchronization of binary offset carrier (BOC) and composite binary offset carrier (CBOC) modulation signals due to secondary peaks for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a reconstructed sub-correlation function synchronization algorithm (RSSA) for BOC and CBOC is proposed. The general autocorrelation subfunctions of BOC and CBOC are obtained by deriving the subfunctions of the cross-correlation function between BOC signals with different modulation orders. According to the characteristics of the subfunctions, the corresponding reconstruction rules are set to ob
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17

Wang, Wen Bin, Dao Yuan Liu, and Yu Qin Yao. "Study of the OFDM System Carrier Synchronization Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2772.

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The OFDM system modulates signal by using a plurality of spectrum aliasing orthogonal sub-carriers, so it is extremely sensitive to carrier frequency offset, and any tiny frequency offset may destroy the orthogonality of the sub-carriers, thereby seriously affecting the performance of the system. So carrier frequency offset is the primary problem for the OFDM technology, and in recent years it has also become a focus for researchers. Accurate frequency synchronization is the precondition for the OFDM system to work properly. The main purpose of this paper is to seek a more reliable and viable
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18

Kim, Sooyeon, Chan-Gyu Choi, Sang-Rok Moon, et al. "Packaging of an Amplifier Module for Sub-THz Wireless Transmission Based on Photonics." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 23, no. 6 (2023): 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.192.

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In this study, we have developed an amplifier waveguide module suitable for broadband communication in the sub-THz band. To achieve a waveguide module with excellent gain flatness characteristics, the effects of errors during the packaging procedures of the waveguide module and the space occupied by the bondwire were analyzed through an electromagnetic simulation. Furthermore, a photonics-based sub-THz wireless link with a carrier frequency of 288 GHz was established using a packaged amplifier module. The amplifier module was placed at the output of the sub-THz transmitter based on a uni-trave
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19

WANG Xiaoyun, FAN Huichuan, CHEN Xiaoshuang, and WANG Lin. "Terahertz detection simulation of plasma waves in monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> field-effect transistor." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 15 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250517.

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Low-dimensional material systems benefit from their extremely high carrier mobility and flexible integrability, making them a subject of research in the terahertz detection field and demonstrating significant application potential. Currently, the structures relied upon for simulation and analysis of semiconductor terahertz detection using software primarily target bulk materials, while simulation analysis for terahertz detection in low-dimensional material systems remains relatively unexplored. Due to the low degrees of freedom in carrier motion within low-dimensional materials, the probabilit
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20

Li, Yuanyuan, Qiong Zhao, and Wu Zhang. "A Filter-Free, Image-Reject, Sub-Harmonic Downconverted RoF Link Without Fiber-Dispersion-Induced Power Fading." Photonics 11, no. 12 (2024): 1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121191.

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A filter-free, image-reject, sub-harmonic downconverted RoF link is proposed based on a dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP–QPSK) modulator. At the remote antenna unit, the receiving radio frequency signal is applied to the upper QPSK modulator to achieve carrier-suppressed single-sideband (CS–SSB) modulation. The local oscillator (LO) is applied to the lower QPSK modulator, achieving sub-harmonic single-sideband (SH–SSB) modulation. The I/Q mixing is realized by exploiting a two-channel photonic microwave phase shifter, which mainly consists of a modulator, two polarization co
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Gazaliev, A. Sh, M. V. Moskotin, V. V. Belosevich, M. G. Rybin, I. A. Gayduchenko, and G. N. Goltsman. "Graphene two terminal detector as THz mixer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012054.

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Abstract The growing requirements for mobile communication networks (data transfer rates over 100 Gbps) makes it necessary to use carrier signal with a frequency of at least 100 GHz. This requires the development of cheap and broadband sub-terahertz (sub-THz) detectors. Here we report on our recent efforts toward the development of a heterodyne sub-THz detector based on a single layer graphene two-terminal device integrated with a bowtie antenna on a sapphire substrate. Our detector operates at frequency of 140 GHz, which corresponds to the maximum transmission of THz radiation in the Earth’s
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Zhang, Si-Yu, and Hui Zheng. "A Hybrid PAPR Reduction Scheme in OFDM-IM Using Phase Rotation Factors and Dither Signals on Partial Sub-Carriers." Entropy 24, no. 10 (2022): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24101335.

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As a multi-carrier modulation technique, a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a common issue suffered by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) due to its system structure. High PAPR may cause signal distortion, which affects correct symbol transmission. This paper tries to inject dither signals to the inactive (idle) sub-carriers, which is a unique transmission structure of OFDM-IM, to reduce PAPR. Unlike the previous works, which utilize all idle sub-carriers, the proposed PAPR reduction scheme utilizes selected partial sub-carriers. This method pe
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Liu, Zhe, Dayong Wang, Weimin Zhu, et al. "Microwave Photonics Broadband Doppler Velocity Simulator with High Spurious Suppression Ratio by Using Serrodyne Modulation." Photonics 11, no. 4 (2024): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11040357.

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A Doppler velocity simulation method based on serrodyne modulation is proposed to achieve the frequency shift from hundred hertz to megahertz. One sub-phase modulation (PM) in a dual-parallel dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator loads a sawtooth signal to achieve a small frequency shift of the optical carrier. The other three sub-PMs implement carrier-suppressed double-band modulation of the RF signal. The RF signal is directly coupled from the receiving antenna to the modulator’s RF port without any electrical devices like a 90° hybrid, which ensures a broad operational bandwidth of the system.
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Chae, Keun Hong, Hua Ping Liu, and Seok Ho Yoon. "Unambiguous Composite BOC Signal Tracking Based on Partitioned Sub-Carriers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.535.

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In this paper, we propose an unambiguous signal tracking scheme for composite binary offset carrier (CBOC) signal tracking. First, we obtain partitioned sub-carriers and partial correlations. Based on a recombination of the partial correlations, we propose a novel correlation function without side-peaks. From numerical results, the proposed correlation function is found to offer a better tracking performance than that of the conventional correlation function in terms of the tracking error standard deviation.
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Narieda, Shusuke, and Takeo Fujii. "Self-Tuning of Signal Detection Level for Energy Detection-Based Carrier Sense in Low-Power Wide-Area Networks." Sensors 24, no. 11 (2024): 3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113368.

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Carrier sense allows end devices to improve the communication quality through autonomous decentralization by consuming power. In particular, energy detection-based carrier sense can improve communication quality compared with peak detection-based carrier sense. To improve the trade-off between communication quality and energy consumption in low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), this study proposes a self-tuning method for the signal detection level of an energy detection-based carrier sense, that is, the carrier sense level in sub-GHz band LPWANs. In the proposed method, the carrier sense lev
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Wang, Weiheng, Yu Bai, Shuanglin Fu, et al. "High Linearity Microwave Photonic Up-Conversion System Based on Parallel Dual-Drive Mach–Zehnder Modulators." Photonics 9, no. 4 (2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040236.

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A large dynamic frequency up-conversion scheme based on parallel dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulators (DD-MZM) and balance detection is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. By optimizing the distribution ratio of the optical carrier power and the IF signal power between the two DD-MZMs, the third-order intermodulation components in two sub-links cancel each other upon the balanced photodetector. The measured results show that the large spurious-free dynamic range of 112.3 dB·Hz4/5 is obtained for an intermediate frequency signal of 2 GHz up-converted to 18 GHz, which is a 14.8 dB enhancemen
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27

Khan, M. R. H., and M. A. Hoque. "Highly Stable Photonic Local Carriers for Phased Array Receiver System." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 5 (2020): 6294–300. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3464.

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In this paper, a complete system analysis of photonic local carrier generation technique has been investigated. The generated carrier is potentially suitable to replace the existing microwave/RF Local Carrier (LC) used in commercial Low Noise Blocks (LNBs) for the Phased Array (PA) receiver system. The optical LC generated from heterodyning of two commercialized lasers is being stabilized with an Optical Frequency Lock Loop (OFLL). This approach resulted in a generated carrier at the K<sub>u</sub>-band (10.7GHz to 12.75GHz) signal received from a PA receiver. Various loop parameters of the OFL
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Wang, Ju, and Jonathan Liu. "Interference Minimization and Dynamic Sub-Carrier Allocation in Broadband Wireless Networks." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 3, no. 3 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2014070101.

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Efficient channel allocation is the key to fully exploit the signal diversity presented in the multi-carrier physical link in today's broadband wireless access networks. There are mounting evidences that the 4G and future-generation systems will take advantage of two opposite types of access methods, one using centralized control method and the other using a distributed approach. The authors study the distributed channel allocation problem in this article, formulated as a non-linear optimization problem, in broadband wireless networks. The signal properties of the multi-carrier radio interface
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Ahn, Sang-Il, and Dong-Chul Park. "Design of Downlink Channel for Transportable KOMPSAT Ground Station Using Sub-Carrier Signal." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 3 (2009): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2009.20.3.313.

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30

Takiguchi, K. "Sub‐carrier channel demultiplexing of THz‐wave OFDM signal assisted by optical technology." Electronics Letters 53, no. 16 (2017): 1123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.1844.

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31

Weiler, Ruediger M., Paul Blunt, Stephen Hodgart, and Martin Unwin. "The Effect of Cosine Phased BOC Modulation on the GNSS Receiver Search Process." Journal of Navigation 61, no. 4 (2008): 591–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463308004876.

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The modernisation of GPS and the introduction of Galileo will introduce the use of Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation. BOC will be implemented as either a sine or cosine sub-carrier modulation, which affects the spectral properties of the signal and the receiver search, acquisition and tracking processes. This paper addresses the effect of the various forms of BOC modulation on the receiver search process. Theory is developed to draw comparisons between search techniques and verified with computer simulation models.
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Sui, Tao, Yongxin Feng, Bo Qian, Fang Liu, Qiang Jiang, and Xiao Li. "Design and Analysis of a Multi−Carrier Orthogonal Double Bit Rate Differential Chaotic Shift Keying Communication System." Electronics 12, no. 8 (2023): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081785.

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A new multi−carrier orthogonal double bit rate differential chaotic shift keying (MC−ODBR−DCSK) communication system is presented in this paper. With two composite signals generated by an orthogonal chaotic signal generator as reference signals, 2M bits of information data are transmitted on M−channel subcarriers, improving transmission speed and energy efficiency. In addition, the receiver does not require a radio frequency (RF) delay circuit to demodulate the received data, which makes the system easier to implement. This paper analyzes Data−energy−to−Bit−energy Ratio (DBR) of the system. Th
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Zhang, Kai, Hongwei Zhou, and Feixue Wang. "Multiplexing Performance Assessment of POCET Method for Compass B1/B3 Signals." Journal of Navigation 64, S1 (2011): S41—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463311000427.

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Compared with traditional GPS signals, modern GNSS signals are much more complex and have various new modulations. This introduces a difficulty in combining multiple signal components into a constant-envelope signal that maximises the power efficiency of High Power Amplifiers (HPA) on satellites. This paper first describes the fundamental Phase-Optimised Constant-Envelope Transmission (POCET) technique that searches the optimum combining solution for multiple binary navigation signals. Then the Compass B1/B3 signals are modelled by POCET. For the B1 band, a binary complex sub-carrier is adopte
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Mustafa, Samah A. "Reliability of Trigonometric Transform-based Multi-Carrier Scheme." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 6, no. 2 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.10312.

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This work is looking for a new physical layer of a multi-carrier wireless communication system to be implemented in low complexity way, resorting to suitable fast transform. The work presents and assesses a scheme based on Discrete Trigonometric Transform with appending symmetric redundancy either in each or multiple consecutive transformed blocks. A receiver front-end filter is proposed to enforce whole symmetry in the channel impulse response, and bank of one tap filter per sub-carrier is applied as an equalizer in the transform domain. The behaviour of the transceiver is studied in the cont
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Patchala, Sarala, and Sailaja Maruvada. "Filter Bank Multi Carrier Signal System for Frequency Selective Channels." Traitement du Signal 38, no. 2 (2021): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.380219.

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Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) frameworks are a subclass of multicarrier (MC) frameworks. The essential guideline, separating spectrum into many thin sub channels, may not be new, MC frameworks have seen wide appropriation. These days, multicarrier regulation frameworks dependent on the discrete Fourier transforms are usually used to transmit over recurrence particular channels subject to forceful noise aggravations. In any case, these handsets experience the ill effects of poor sub channel spectral control, that is, the measure of inter channel impedance isn't unimportant. It very well may b
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Shen, Xinyu, Zhao Zhang, Jie Yang, et al. "A 0.0012-mm2 0.66-pJ/bit BPSK demodulator incorporating a loop-filter-less PLL achieving the maximum data rate of f carrier/2." Journal of Semiconductors 46, no. 3 (2025): 032201. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/24100022.

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Abstract This paper presents a compact ultra-low-power phase-locked loop (PLL) based binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) demodulator. The loop-filter-less (LPF-less) PLL is proposed to make phase of PLL output carrier signal track the phase of BPSK signal in real time. Thus, the maximum date rate can be significantly extended to the half of the carrier frequency (f carrier) with a very compact size compared to prior PLL-based BPSK demodulators. Furthermore, eliminating all the static power in our LPF-less PLL, the energy efficiency is obviously improved. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process, our pr
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37

Uddin, Jia, Mohammed Faisal, Md Facihul Azam, and A. F. M. Muzahidur Rahman. "Performance Analysis of Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access over Rayleigh Fading Channel." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.985.

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Recently, multi-carrier transmission schemes have been introduced into Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems to gain advantages for high data rate transmission as well as security. Due to pseudorandom code there is no chance to Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). There are different techniques to mitigate multipath fading. One of the method is to transmit identical narrowband direct-sequence (DS) waveforms in parallel over a number of sub-channels using frequency diversity. Implementation this multi-carrier modulation technique in CDMA system is known as multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA). In Ra
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Li, Lintao, Jiayi Lv, Xin Ma, Yue Han, and Jiaqi Feng. "Design of Low Probability Detection Signal with Application to Physical Layer Security." Electronics 12, no. 5 (2023): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051075.

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In this work, we mainly focus on low probability detection (LPD) and low probability interception (LPI) wireless communication in cyber-physical systems. An LPD signal waveform based on multi-carrier modulation and an under-sampling method for signal detection is introduced. The application of the proposed LPD signal for physical layer security is discussed in a typical wireless-tap channel model, which consists of a transmitter (Alice), an intended receiver (Bob), and an eavesdropper (Eve). Since the under-sampling method at Bob’s end depends very sensitively on accurate sampling clock and ch
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39

Hara, Tomohiko, and Yoshio Ohshita. "Analysis of recombination centers near an interface of a metal–SiO2–Si structure by double carrier pulse deep-level transient spectroscopy." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (2022): 095316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106319.

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This paper proposes a new double carrier pulse deep-level transient spectroscopy (DC-DLTS) method that is applicable for evaluating metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures and the recombination centers in carrier-selective contact solar cells. Specifically, this study evaluated recombination characteristics of defects induced in bulk Si near SiO2/Si interfaces by reactive plasma deposition (RPD). In this method, a pulse voltage was first applied to inject majority carriers. Subsequently, a second pulse voltage was applied, which allowed minority carriers to be injected into the MIS stru
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40

Gul, Malik Muhammad Usman, Sungeun Lee, and Xiaoli Ma. "Carrier frequency offset estimation for OFDMA uplink using null sub-carriers." Digital Signal Processing 29 (June 2014): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2014.02.015.

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41

Shang, Peng, Decai Zou, Xue Wang, and Ziyue Chu. "A Novel, Blind, Wideband Spectrum Detection under Non-Flat Spectrum and Fading Scenarios." Electronics 11, no. 15 (2022): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152415.

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In the field of radio surveillance and cognitive radio, the reception of a signal is usually made in a non-cooperative manner, which means there exists little prior information to detect the signals reliably via a traditional method. At the same time, the prevalent wideband acquisition mode will receive multiple subband signals from homogeneous or heterogeneous systems, leading to deteriorated detection performance under a non-flat spectrum and fading channel. In view of the above concerns, a novel detection algorithm based on the Gaussian hidden Markov model (HMM) is proposed so as to separat
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42

Ikchha, Pandey, Bhalerao Siddarth, and Dutta Papiya. "DCT Based Robust and Secured Digital Image to Audio Watermarking Algorithm." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 2271–77. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12701.

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In this paper, a new watermarking based on Discrete Cosine Transform Sub band coding scheme is presented. This method uses the time domain signal and process it in frequency domain, while time domain features of the carrier remains same, so no one can identify the hidden data into it. The algorithm is based on Psychoacoustic Auditory Model and Spread Spectrum theory. It generates a watermark signal using spread spectrum theory and embeds it into the signal by measuring the masking threshold. Since the watermark is shaped to lie below the masking threshold, the difference between the original a
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43

Kao, Chi-Yi, Tai-Ming Kung, and Jenn-Gwo Hwu. "Impact of Oxide Charges on The Minority Carrier Response in MOS(p) Devices With Al2O3/SiO2 Gate Stacks under Strong Inversion Condition." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 21 (2024): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01211301mtgabs.

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Admittance measurement, including capacitance and conductance, is very useful to analyze the electrical characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) systems. These techniques offer insights into various device properties, including interface trap density and minority carrier lifetime in the substrate. It is essential to note that, apart from the gate area, the oxide region beyond the device could significantly influence measurement results [1]-[2]. In this work, a compact model proposed in [3] was used to clarify an unusual minority carrier response time observed in experimental data. Th
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44

Huang, Yang, Xinyi Zheng, Yufei Guo, and Shiming Gao. "Performance Improvement of the Free-Space Optical Communication Link Using Spatial Diversity Reception-Assisted OFDM Signals." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (2022): 6828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12146828.

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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology is presented for use in free-space optical (FSO) communications accompanied by the spatial diversity reception. Using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation formats, the OFDM signals show robustness to support high spectral efficiency and compatibility with the spatial diversity reception to improve receiver sensitivity. Compared with the single-carrier QPSK signal, the OFDM-QPSK signal with 64 sub-carriers can reduce the BER from 2.87 × 10−3 to 2.98 × 10−4 at the SNR of 6 dB. Using a two-aperture spatial diversity reception
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Zhou, Fangming, Lulu Zhao, Limin Li, et al. "GNSS Signal Acquisition Algorithm Based on Two-Stage Compression of Code-Frequency Domain." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (2022): 6255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126255.

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The recently-emerging compressed sensing (CS) theory makes GNSS signal processing at a sub-Nyquist rate possible if it has a sparse representation in certain domain. The previously proposed code-domain compression acquisition algorithms have high computational complexity and low acquisition accuracy under high dynamic conditions. In this paper, a GNSS signal acquisition algorithm based on two-stage compression of the code-frequency domain is proposed. The algorithm maps the incoming signal of the same interval to multiple carrier frequency bins and overlaps the mapped signal that belongs to th
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46

Nakagawa, K., T. Sato, S. Tsuchiya, J. Yamada та Y. Toda. "Enhancement of polarization anisotropy in ultrafast carrier dynamics by intramolecular excitation in the organic conductor κ-(BEDT- TTF)2Cu(NCS)2". Europhysics Letters 136, № 5 (2021): 57001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ac4c02.

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Abstract In this work, in order to investigate the origin of the anomalous polarization dynamics observed in the normal conducting state of the organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2, we performed optical pump probe measurements by varying the probe pulse energy from to 1.59 eV. We found that the polarization-dependent transient signal was most enhanced at , which was close to the intramolecular excitation energy of the BEDT-TTF molecules but is not exactly matched. This difference is linked to the formation of an energy gap at the Fermi energy at low temperatures, which results in an in
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47

Hao, Fang, Baoguo Yu, Xingli Gan, et al. "Unambiguous Acquisition/Tracking Technique Based on Sub-Correlation Functions for GNSS Sine-BOC Signals." Sensors 20, no. 2 (2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020485.

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The autocorrelation function (ACF) of the Binary Offset Carrier modulation (BOC) signal for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has multiple peaks, ambiguity is easily generated during the synchronization of the baseband signal. Some methods have been proposed to remove the ambiguity, but the performance is not suitable for high-order BOC signals or does not maintain narrow correlation characteristics. This paper proposes a sub-function reconstruction synchronization algorithm to solve this problem, of which the key is to design a new local auxiliary code: the local Pseudo-Random Noise (
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48

Gao, Xiang, Yuancheng Cai, Bo Xu, Xiaoling Zhang, and Kun Qiu. "Multi-Twin-SSB Modulation with Direct Detection Based on Kramers–Kronig Scheme for Long-Reach PON Downstream." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040748.

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As the demand for high data volumes keeps increasing in optical access networks, transmission capacities and distance are becoming bottlenecks for passive optical networks (PONs). To solve this problem, a novel scheme based on multi-twin single sideband (SSB) modulation with direct detection is proposed and investigated in this paper. At the central office, two SSB signals are generated simultaneously with the same digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The twin-SSB signal is not only robust against frequency selected power fading introduced by chromatic dispersion (CD), but also improves the sp
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Sanjay, Sharma, Yadav R.P., and Janyani Vijay. "Substrate Current Evaluation for Lightly and Heavily Doped MOSFETs at 45 nm process Using Physical Models." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 5, no. 1 (2016): 120–25. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v5i1.556.

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Substrate noise is a major integration issue in mixed signal circuits; particularly at radio frequency (RF) it becomes a key issue. In deep sub micron MOSFETs hot carrier effect induces device degradation. The impact ionization phenomenon is one of the main hot carrier effects. The paper covers the process and device level simulation of MOSFETs by TCAD and the substrate current comparison in lightly and heavily doped MOS. PMOS and NMOS devices are virtually fabricated with the help of ATHENA process simulator. The modeled devices include the hot carrier effects. The MOS devices are implemented
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Mippo, Naiara Tieme, Paulo Henrique Kiohara Acyoli Bastos, Felipe Streitenberger Ivo, and Olympio Lucchini Coutinho. "Photodetector optic power optimization to increase the gain on sub-octave microwave photonic link / Optimização da potência óptica do fotodetector para aumentar o ganho na ligação fotónica de microondas sub-octave." Brazilian Applied Science Review 5, no. 5 (2021): 1990–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.34115/basrv5n5-002.

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An investigation of the optic spectral components beating at the photodetector to recover the RF signal at the output of a sub-octave microwave photonic link is presented, by a theoretical and experimental approach. It is demonstrated the best efficiency is achieved when the carrier to sideband ratio (CSR) is 0 dB at a low bias voltage condition on Mach-Zehnder (MZM) intensity modulator. A RF power link gain improvement of 9.7 dB is demonstrated for a same photodetector incident optic power, compared with a link operating at quadrature bias voltage condition on the MZM.
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