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Starita, Noemy, Clorinda Annunziata, Keith M. Waddell, Luigi Buonaguro, Franco M. Buonaguro, and Maria Lina Tornesello. "Identification of Human Herpesvirus 8 Sequences in Conjunctiva Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Ugandan Patients." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/801353.
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The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is particularly high in sub-Saharan Africa with temporal trends similar to those of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8), has not yet been investigated in conjunctiva tumors. In this study biopsies and PBMCs of conjunctiva neoplasia patients along with nonneoplastic conjunctiva tissues have been analyzed for HHV8 sequences by PCR targeting ORF26. All amplimers were subjected to nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. HHV8 DNA has been identified in 12 out of 48 (25%) HIV-positive, and in 2 out of 24 (8.3%) HIV-negative conjunctiva neoplastic tissues and in 4 out of 33 (12.1%) PBMC samples from conjunctiva neoplasia diseased patients as well as in 4 out of 60 (6.7%) nontumor conjunctiva tissues. The viral load ranged from 1 to 400 copies/105cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority of HHV8 ORF26 amplimers clustered with subtypes R (n=11) and B2 (n=6). This variant distribution is in agreement with that of HHV8 variants previously identified in Ugandan KS cases. The presence of HHV8 in conjunctiva tumors from HIV-positive patients warrants further studies to test whether HHV8 products released by infected cells may have paracrine effects on the growth of conjunctiva lesions.
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Murakami, Tadahiro, Tsutomu Fujihara, Yoshihide Horibe, and Masatsugu Nakamura. "Diquafosol Elicits Increases in Net Cl– Transport through P2Y2 Receptor Stimulation in Rabbit Conjunctiva." Ophthalmic Research 36, no. 2 (2004): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076887.
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Palomar, Amaya Pérez del, Alberto Montolío, José Cegoñino, Sandeep Kumar Dhanda, Chit Tong Lio, and Tanima Bose. "The Innate Immune Cell Profile of the Cornea Predicts the Onset of Ocular Surface Inflammatory Disorders." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (2019): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122110.
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Ocular surface inflammatory disorder (OSID) is a spectrum of disorders that have features of several etiologies whilst displaying similar phenotypic signs of ocular inflammation. They are complicated disorders with underlying mechanisms related to several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Current literature shows the involvement of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in ocular surface inflammation. The ocular surface contains distinct components of the immune system in the conjunctiva and the cornea. The normal conjunctiva epithelium and sub-epithelial stroma contains resident immune cells, such as T cells, B cells (adaptive), dendritic cells, and macrophages (innate). The relative sterile environment of the cornea is achieved by the tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells in the conjunctiva, the presence of regulatory lymphocytes, and the existence of soluble immunosuppressive factors, such as the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and macrophage migration inhibitory factors. With the presence of both innate and adaptive immune system components, it is intriguing to investigate the most important leukocyte population in the ocular surface, which is involved in immune surveillance. Our meta-analysis investigates into this with a focus on both infectious (contact lens wear, corneal graft rejection, Cytomegalovirus, keratitis, scleritis, ocular surgery) and non-infectious (dry eye disease, glaucoma, graft-vs-host disease, Sjögren’s syndrome) situations. We have found the predominance of dendritic cells in ocular surface diseases, along with the Th-related cytokines. Our goal is to improve the knowledge of immune cells in OSID and to open new dimensions in the field. The purpose of this study is not to limit ourselves in the ocular system, but to investigate the importance of dendritic cells in the disorders of other mucosal organs (e.g., lungs, gut, uterus). Holistically, we want to investigate if this is a common trend in the initiation of any disease related to the mucosal organs and find a unified therapeutic approach. In addition, we want to show the power of computational approaches to foster a collaboration between computational and biological science.
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Lavaju, P., P. Mahat, P. Upadhyaya, Y. Agrawal, and K. Ahmad. "Subconjunctival cysticerscosis with involvement of superior muscle complex - a case report." Health Renaissance 11, no. 3 (2014): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9659.
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Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation caused by cysticercus cellulose. Ocular and adnexal cysticercosis represents 13% to 46% of systemic disease. There are different modes of presentation of ocular cysticercosis. Case: Here we report a case with the left upper eyelid ptosis. On ocular examination, there was presence of a cystic yellowish mass of size of the eye ball in the upper palpebral sub-conjunctiva along with dystropia and limitation of extraocular movements in dextroelevation. Complete surgical excision of the cyst was achieved through splitting of the left upper eyelid. There was presence of sub-conjunctival cyst along with involvement of levator palpebral superioris (LPS) and superior rectus (SR) muscle. Histopathological examination of the cyst showed features suggestive of cysticercosis. The patient was symptomatically better postoperatively. He was commenced on oral prednisolone 1mg/kg and oral albendazole 400 mg for 28 days. Conclusion: Cysticercosis should be considered in cases of inflammatory swelling of subconjunctival space especially in people with poor personal and community hygiene. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9659 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):293-296
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Fagerberg, Peter S., Ingvild M. S. Ramberg, and Peter B. Toft. "Combining Brachytherapy and Cryotherapy as Adjuvant Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva: Literature Review and Case Reports." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 7, no. 2 (2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512029.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Separately, cryotherapy and brachytherapy have shown promising results when adjuvating the excision of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC). The aim of this paper is to assess the combined effect in terms of complications and recurrence rate. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> We describe 2 patients suffering from SCCC, and we review the current literature on adjuvant cryotherapy and brachytherapy. Both patients, one of whom suffered from recurrent SCCC, underwent surgical excision followed by combined cryotherapy and brachytherapy. Cryotherapy was performed using a retinal cryoprobe, and 2 rounds each of 5 s with N<sub>2</sub>O as a cryogen were applied. Brachytherapy was performed using a ruthenium-106 plaque, delivering a dosage of 100 Gy at 2-mm depth. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> By reviewing the current literature and describing 2 case reports, this paper illustrates the use of combined cryotherapy and brachytherapy after surgical excision of SCCC. The current literature presents promising results of each treatment, and the 2 cases showed promising results by combining the 2 adjuvant therapies showing no signs of recurrence or complications during a follow-up period of 26 and 38 months.
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Zhminko, P. G., V. M. Voronina, S. S. Svitlyi, and L. O. Rudaya. "Toxicological substantiation for didecyldimethylammonium chloride occupational exposure standard." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 88, no. 1 (2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2020-88-1-54-60.
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Dydetsyldymetylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used as a raw material in the chemical industry for the production of some insecticidal, fungicidal and aldehydic preparations and disinfectants in which it is an active ingredient. Aim of the Research. To establish a scientific substantiation for DDAC indicative safe exposure level (ISEL) in the workplace air by analyzing and summarizing the bibliographic data about the degree of DDAC danger. Methods. To establish a scientific substantiation for DDAC occupational exposure standard the following properties were analyzed: its physical and chemical characteristics; LD50 (lethal dose) for oral and dermal exposure; LC50 (lethal concentration) for inhalation exposure; irritant and sensitizing properties; NOAELs (no-observed adverse effect level) for DDAC were determined in sub-acute and subchronic experiments under different conditions of exposure as well as its long-term effects. The calculation of DDAC ISEL in the workplace air was performed using equations which make allowance for the toxicity properties of the preparation when it is administered to laboratory animals through different routes. Results. DDAC is an imported product used as an active ingredient in the production of certain pesticides and disinfectants. DDAC falls into the category of non-volatile substances: its vapor pressure is <1x10-2 Pa at 20° C, at 50оC – 2,3x10-4 Pa (US ISC) When introduced into the gastrointestinal tract, the substance is classified as moderately dangerous – Category 3 (in accordance with Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals / GHS / United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2017) and has a mild skin-resorptive effect (Category 4, GHS). Its adverse local impact on the skin has been identified. The substance LC50 after inhalation exposure is 70 mg/m3 (Category 2, GHS). DDAC produces marked irritant action on the skin and conjunctiva of rabbits (Category1B, GHS). Erythema, crust and swelling were recorded on skin. Burns, corrosion, acute keratoconjunctivitis were observed when the substance got onto conjunctiva. No sensitizing effect of the preparation was found (not classified, GHS). The cumulative properties of the substance are incomplete. NOAELs were determined in sub-acute and sub-chronic experiments after oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. The most affected organs and systems are skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, liver. Mutagenic, carcinogenic, embryotoxic, teratogenic and toxic effects on the reproductive function are not limiting harmful criteria. Calculation of the value of DDAC ISEL in the workplace air was conducted by the equations of regressive dependence, which take into consideration the parameters of acute toxicity. Making allowance for the degree of its hazard and the risk of developing the pathology of general genesis under the effect of the substance, the recommended ISEL value in the workplace air is 0.2 mg/m3, aggregate state “a” with the mark “protection of eyes and skin is necessary”. Key Words: dydetsyldymetylammonium chloride, DDAC, ISEL in the workplace air, insecticides, disinfectants.
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Liu, Yin, Minqin Xiao, Yanan Zhao, Wei Qiu, and Hong Xiao. "Safety and Efficacy of a Trans-Eyelid Facial Rejuvenation Surgery Combining Partial Repositioning of Orbital Fat and Midface Lift in Chinese Patients: A Prospective Case Series." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 128, no. 10 (2019): 970–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419850845.
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Objective:To describe the combined technique of midface lift and partial release of orbital fat for facial rejuvenation and evaluate the safety and aesthetic results.Methods:This was a single-center study that included patients who underwent facial rejuvenation from January 2010 to December 2016. The orbital fat was partially removed, and the cheek fat pads were repositioned to exfoliate the myocutaneous flaps of the lower eyelids and midface through a sub-ciliary incision. The cheek soft tissue pads and orbital fat were restored and sutured to the periorbital membranes and orbital margins. Postoperatively, the patients were examined at 6 and 18 months for changes in the shapes of cheeks, eyelid joints, sunken eyepit, and nasolabial sulcus along with procedural complications.Results:A total of 179 (177 women; 2 men) eligible patients with a mean age of 47.17 years underwent the procedure. The shapes of cheeks and eyelid joints of all patients improved, along with shallowing of the sunken eyepit and nasolabial sulcus at 6- and 18-month follow-up. The surgical procedure involved minor trauma without facial scarring, lower eyelid flinch, and dislocation. None of the patients reported complications of nerve injuries, long-term chemosis conjunctiva, periocular swelling, or dislocation of the lower eyelids. Only 2 patients who underwent subsequent pouch surgeries had slight ectropion, which was restored within 4 months of surgery.Conclusion:To conclude, the combined partial orbital fat repositioning and midface lift via sub-ciliary approach is a successful treatment option for facial rejuvenation with no major complications.
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Chuka, Okosa Michael, and Anyiam Daniel Chukwuemeka Darlinton. "Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Presenting as Bilateral Non-Infiltrative Extraconal Superior Orbital Tumour in a 27 Year Old Nigerian Woman: Features, Management and Outcome." Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports 5 (January 2012): CCRep.S10138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ccrep.s10138.
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Introduction Orbital masses in adults are often caused by systemic diseases or are associated with systemic manifestations. Juvenile xanthogranuloma as a cause is rare and unreported in Africa. We present clinical features, management, and outcomes of bilateral orbital adult onset juvenile xanthogranuloma. Case Presentation A 27 year old Nigerian woman presented with bilateral upper-lid lumps having lasted 5 months. These increased in size for about 1 month and stopped. Lid swelling was preceded by itchy eyes, redness of conjunctiva, and occasional mild pain. There were no visual or systemic symptoms. The lumps were firm, slightly mobile, not tender, and not attached to skin but rather to deeper structures. There was restriction on up-gaze but no proptosis or diplopia. Hematological, biochemical, and X-ray investigations were normal. Prednisolone tablets 10 mg daily for two weeks were not useful. Tissue biopsy was invaluable in diagnosis of this rare condition and disclosed juvenile xanthogranuloma. Partial surgical excision was done under lidocaine infiltration. No recurrence has occurred in 40 months of follow-up. No systemic disease has manifested. Conclusion Juvenile xanthogranuloma can present as bilateral superior orbital tumor in adults; functional and cosmetic aims were achieved by sub-total excision.
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Kharel, R. Sitaula, S. Bhatta, G. B. Shrestha, and J. K. Shrestha. "Malignant transformation of kissing nevus- a rare entity." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 4, no. 2 (2012): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6555.
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Background: Kissing nevus is a congenital nevus in adjacent parts of the eyelids. Malignant transformation of kissing or divided nevi of the eyelids is rarely described. Objective: To report a very rare case of malignant transformation of kissing nevus with ocular and extraocular spread. Case: A 57- year- old man with 6/6 visual acuity in both eyes presented with a kissing nevus present since birth in right upper and lower eyelids which had a slow growth phase. The upper lid in the area of the nevus was thickened with a 20x12x15 mm black pigmented crusted hemorrhagic nodular lesions. The lower lid had a 6 mm black pigmented ulcerated lesion over the pre-existing nevus in the lateral third of the lid with full thickness infiltration. Another 5x4 mm pigmented lesion over the lower medial lid margin with a thickness of about 3 mm extended to the conjunctival side of the lower lid. Right sided pre-auricular and submaxillary nodes were palpable. A biopsy of tissue samples from the eyelid and pre-auricular nodes were consistent with malignant melanoma.Conclusion: Malignant transformation of kissing nevus is rare. It can spread to the conjunctiva, pre-auricular and sub-mandibular lymphnodes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6555 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 329-332
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Padha, Abhishek, Prateek Koul, and Swati Sharma. "Study of prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of pterygium in Sub Himalayan region, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (2018): 3916. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184882.
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Background: Pterygium, derived from the Greek work ‘pteryx’, meaning wing is a growth of fibrovascular tissue on the cornea and conjunctiva in the palpebral fissure. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence and Socio-demographic determinants of pterygium in Sub Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between the months of May-June 2018, in the outpatient department of Ophthalmology of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Chamba, H.P, India. Among all the patients visiting the OPD in the given duration, a total of 200 patients having Pterygium were selected for the study. Detailed history of the all the patients were taken and required examination was done. Data collected was analysed with Microsoft excel software.Results: Out of the 200 patients, 59% were males and 41% were females. 70% of the total study population were seen in the age group 41-60years. In present study a total of 130 patients (65%) were outdoor workers. Left eye (40.5%) was the eye most frequently involved eye in present study, right eye (36.5%) also both the eyes were involved in 23% of study population. Nasal pterygium was seen in 93%, temporal pterygia 5.5% and double pterygium (both nasal and temporal presentation in same eye) in 1.5% patients. Grade I pterygium was seen in 43.5% patients, grade II in 40% and grade III pterygia were found in 16.5% of the study population.Conclusions: People living in high altitude regions and who work outdoors, are subjected to increased U.V. exposure. So, they must take appropriate precautions like wearing protective glasses and caps etc.
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Chentsova, E. V., I. B. Alekseeva, E. N. Verigo, et al. "Cases of Undiagnosed Open Eye Injury: Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment." Ophthalmology in Russia 16, no. 3 (2019): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2019-3-393-398.
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Open eye injury (OTG), in the structure of eye damage is up to 35.0–85.0 %, the level of disability among the working part of the male population from 26 to 55 years ranges from 25.0–47.5 %, and the removal of the eyeball due to traumatic pathology is 6.5–26.3 % of cases. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the consequences of undiagnosed cases of open injury, successfully treated in the Department of traumatology and reconstructive surgery. Attention is focused on some diagnostic techniques that contribute to the correct diagnosis, especially in undiagnosed and unoperated timely sub — conjunctival sclera ruptures that occur in 1.0–2.6 % of cases of OTG. This pathology leads to the development of severe complications with a persistent decrease in visual functions, detachment of the inner shells, with the formation of staphylomatous, cystic changes, as a rule, along the upper limb in 0.5–1.0 mm from it. There are 3 clinical cases with the description of surgical restoration of the integrity of the scleral capsule in combination with intraocular surgery, which led to good anatomical, cosmetic and functional results. In the first case, the patient with the consequence of injury with wooden shavings 6 months ago was performed a delayed revision of vascular staphyloma after separation of the conjunctiva and plastic defect sclera cadaver scleral flap. Visual acuity of OD increased from 0.4 to 0.8. The second case is the consequences of an open eye injury, dislocation of the lens under the conjunctiva. The patient underwent a delayed revision of the scleral wound with removal of the lens, microinvasive vitrectomy with removal of hemophthalmos, iris plasty and secondary IOL implantation. Visual acuity improved with pr.l.certae up to 0.7. The third case is a patient with the consequences of open trauma, staphyloma vascular, complete coloboma of the iris, traumatic cataract. Were facoaspiration traumatic cataract with IOL implantation and plasticity of the iris, delayed revision of the scleral wound plasty of the defect cadaverous sclera. Visual acuity improved with pr.l.certae to 0.2 n/K. Conclusion. Thus, thanks to the use of clinical and diagnostic methods of research and high-tech surgical technique of treatment, it was possible to achieve optimal anatomical, cosmetic results in patients with long-term consequences of complicated open eye injury. Despite the severe anatomical consequences, good functional results were obtained in all cases. In our opinion, this can be explained by the absence of damage to the choroid during the injury, which, according to the literature, mainly leads to massive bleeding into the inner shells and cavities of the eye, the development of ischemia and is the trigger for the development of vitreoretinal proliferation.
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Fernandes, Priyanka, Kelsey Oyong, and Dawn Terashita. "680. “There’s More to This Than Meets the Eye”: Opportunities for Infection Prevention in Optometry Clinics." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.686.
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Abstract Background Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LAC-DPH) investigated an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis secondary to adenovirus between June and July 2017, and all cases were linked to a single optometry clinic. The LAC-DPH aimed to determine whether sub-optimal infection prevention practices used in the implicated clinic were commonplace within other local optometry clinics. The objective of this study was to understand infection prevention practices in optometry clinics within Los Angeles County. Methods LAC-DPH conducted a survey consisting of 17 questions related to infection prevention practices among a sample of optometry providers in the county. The survey was administered online (SurveyMonkey) via emails sent to a local optometric society’s listserv and in-person at a local continuing education event for optometrists. The results were analyzed and are represented as percentages. Results There were 42 responses, 20 via the online survey (response rate 15%) and 22 via the in-person survey (response rate 22%). The majority worked in an optometry clinic: 77.5% (n = 31). More than half had no written hand-hygiene policy (58.5%, n = 24), 46.2% (n = 18) did not wear gloves while examining patients with eye drainage and about half (48.7%, n = 18) did not use droplet precautions for patients with respiratory symptoms. The vast majority used multi-dose eye-drop vials (92.5%, n = 37) but more than 40% (n = 21) did not discard the vial if the tip came into contact with conjunctiva. The majority (68.4%, n = 26) used alcohol wipes with 70% isopropyl alcohol to disinfect tonometers, while 47.4% (n = 18) used noncontact tonometers and 23.6% (n = 9) used disposable tips (options for this question were not mutually exclusive). Conclusion Infection prevention practices in optometry clinics are sub-optimal and must be improved. All optometry clinics must have a hand-hygiene policy and discard multi-dose vials which come into contact with conjunctivae. While the evidence on the best disinfectant for tonometers is limited, commonly used disinfectants like 70% alcohol wipes or 3% hydrogen peroxide have been associated with adenovirus outbreaks. Current evidence suggests that infectious spread via tonometers can be prevented by using disposable covers or by disinfection with 1:10 diluted bleach. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Jawade, Sandeep, Rahul Dagwar, and Ravi Chauhan. "Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome of Blunt Ocular Trauma in a Tertiary Care Centre of Central India: A Prospective Study." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical invention 7, no. 11 (2020): 5063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v7i11.01.
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Introduction: Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual morbidity and Visual impairment leading to injury of the globe, optic nerve and adnexa ranging from superficial to vision-threatening complications.
 Objective: To study the factors leading to blunt ocular trauma, its characteristics, presentation and Outcome.
 Methods: Hospital-based prospective study conducted at the tertiary care centre of central India. The patient was assessed and if required, admitted. They were followed up on 1st week,1st month,6th month and were assessed for visual outcome and complications.
 Results: Male constituted 66% and female 34% of all patients. This study had patients of age ranging from 3 to 90 years. Most of the patients were found in the age group of 31-40 years(20.3%). In our study which included 103 cases, there were 20% cases of RTA and 80% cases of non-RTA. 85(82.5%) had lid oedema with chemosis of conjunctiva.87(84.4%) patients had a sub-conjunctival haemorrhage.16 patients (15.5%) presented with a corneal abrasion.32 patients(31.06%) presented with traumatic hyphaema.2 patients(1.9%) had traumatic optic neuropathy.7 patients(6.7%) presented with Berlin’s oedema and 8(8.1%) presented with angle recession glaucoma. Final visual outcome of patients was,1 patient(0.97%)had no perception of light,4 patients(3.8%) had visual acuity of perception of light and projection of rays inaccurate. 7 patients(6.7%) had vision perception of light and projection of rays accurate.45(43.68%) patients regained visual acuity of 6/6
 Conclusion: Blunt trauma was more common in males. Most common age group was 4th decade. Road traffic accidents constituted a large number of blunt injuries. Road traffic accidents had a high rate of visual loss due to optic nerve injury.
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Julius, Peter, Stepfanie N. Siyumbwa, Phyllis Moonga, et al. "Clinical and Pathologic Presentation of Primary Ocular Surface Tumors among Zambians." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 7, no. 2 (2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511610.
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<b><i>Aim:</i></b> This study aimed to characterize the clinical and pathologic presentation of ocular surface tumors (OSTs) and to more precisely differentiate the grades of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and benign lesions among Zambians. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two-hundred sixty-five Zambian patients presenting with ocular surface growths, suspicious for OSSN, were recruited between November 2017 and November 2019 to a cross-sectional study to investigate their lesions. Sociodemographic data were collected, HIV infection status and vision tests were performed, and lesions were measured and documented. Lesions &#x3e;2 mm in diameter were excised and sent for pathology analysis. In addition to the biopsies, tears, blood, and buccal swabs were collected. CD4+ T-cell counts were measured by flow cytometry. Lesions were classified according to the WHO guidelines. χ<sup>2</sup> and bivariate correlations were used to analyze variable associations and strengths with phi/Cramer’s V and correlation coefficients, respectively. Binary logistics was used to adjust for covariance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this study, 68.3% of the participants were found to be HIV positive. The most frequent diagnoses were invasive OSSN (45.3%), preinvasive OSSN (29.1%), and pterygium (22.6%). Invasive OSSN comprised keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (87.5%), basaloid SCC (3.3%), and spindle cell carcinoma (3.3%). Unusual carcinomas, not described previously, included hybrid SCC (5.0%) and acantholytic SCC (0.8%). Invasive OSSN had advanced tumor (T3/T4) staging (93.3%) at diagnosis. Lymphadenopathy was rare (2.3%), and metastasis was absent. Patients were mostly female (59.2%). Median age was 36 (interquartile ranges 33–41) years (ranges 18–81). Patients with invasive OSSN were more likely to present with pain (<i>p</i> = 0.007), redness (<i>p</i> = 0.034), excessive tearing (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), discharge (<i>p</i> = 0.011), bleeding (<i>p</i> = 0.007), reduced vision (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), fungating lesion (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and blindness (<i>p</i> = 0.005); location at temporal limbus (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), inferior limbus (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), or circumlimbal (<i>p</i> = 0.001); and extension to cornea (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and forniceal palpebral conjunctiva (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Invasive OSSN was associated with any smoking habit and alcohol consumption (<i>p</i> = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). HIV positivity was strongly associated with OSSN (74.6% OSSN vs. 49.3% benign lesions; <i>p</i> = 0.0001; phi: 0.237 [<i>p</i> = 0.0001]). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> OSTs are very common in Zambia and are strongly associated with HIV coinfection. Patients with OSSN were more likely to be HIV positive than those with pterygia. Despite the commonality of OSTs in sub-Saharan Africa, these cancers have historically been poorly characterized.
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Ojabo, CO, A. Adekwu, and T. Ben-Ameh. "Multi-disciplinary Approach in Management of Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in Resource-poor Setting in Sub-saharan Africa: A Case Report." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (2020): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/3i1.2020139.
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Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon acute aggressive fungal infection occurring in several immunocompromised states including diabetes which is the most common predisposing factor. In this case report we present the clinical finding, therapeutic challenges and outcome in a 44 years old male type II diabetic patient. Patient first presented to the ortorhinolaryngologist with complaints of nasal discharge, postnasal drip, cough, hyposmia, facial pains, and intermittent nasal obstruction. He had bilateral intranasal antrostomy, upon X-ray confirmation of homogenious opacity of the left maxillary antrum and mucosal thickening of the right antrum. Fungal study of the specimen revealed mucormycosis. Six months later he presented with perception of light (PL) vision in the right eye and non-perception of light (NPL) in the left eye. There was mild lid edema in the right eye. There was marked proptosis associated with external ophthalmoplegia suggestive of orbital apex syndrome. The conjunctiva was keratinized and the cornea necrotic and opaque. The left eye enucleation and nasal exploration were done. The patient objected to taking amphotericn B, the drug of choice for this condition because of his previous adverse reaction experience to the drug. Posacornazole, the second line drug could not be assessed, posing a great therapeutic challenge in the effective management of this case. The patient was later referred for neurosurgical management but was reported to have died at a tertiary health facility in Abuja.
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Ojabo, CO, A. Adekwu, and T. Ben-Ameh. "Multi-disciplinary Approach in Management of Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in Resource-poor Setting in Sub-saharan Africa: A Case Report." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (2020): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.139.
Full textAbstract:
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon acute aggressive fungal infection occurring in several immunocompromised states including diabetes which is the most common predisposing factor. In this case report we present the clinical finding, therapeutic challenges and outcome in a 44 years old male type II diabetic patient. Patient first presented to the ortorhinolaryngologist with complaints of nasal discharge, postnasal drip, cough, hyposmia, facial pains, and intermittent nasal obstruction. He had bilateral intranasal antrostomy, upon X-ray confirmation of homogenious opacity of the left maxillary antrum and mucosal thickening of the right antrum. Fungal study of the specimen revealed mucormycosis. Six months later he presented with perception of light (PL) vision in the right eye and non-perception of light (NPL) in the left eye. There was mild lid edema in the right eye. There was marked proptosis associated with external ophthalmoplegia suggestive of orbital apex syndrome. The conjunctiva was keratinized and the cornea necrotic and opaque. The left eye enucleation and nasal exploration were done. The patient objected to taking amphotericn B, the drug of choice for this condition because of his previous adverse reaction experience to the drug. Posacornazole, the second line drug could not be assessed, posing a great therapeutic challenge in the effective management of this case. The patient was later referred for neurosurgical management but was reported to have died at a tertiary health facility in Abuja.
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Ojabo, CO, A. Adekwu, and T. Ben-Ameh. "Multi-disciplinary Approach in Management of Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in Resource-poor Setting in Sub-saharan Africa: A Case Report." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (2020): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v3.i1.2020.139.
Full textAbstract:
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon acute aggressive fungal infection occurring in several immunocompromised states including diabetes which is the most common predisposing factor. In this case report we present the clinical finding, therapeutic challenges and outcome in a 44 years old male type II diabetic patient. Patient first presented to the ortorhinolaryngologist with complaints of nasal discharge, postnasal drip, cough, hyposmia, facial pains, and intermittent nasal obstruction. He had bilateral intranasal antrostomy, upon X-ray confirmation of homogenious opacity of the left maxillary antrum and mucosal thickening of the right antrum. Fungal study of the specimen revealed mucormycosis. Six months later he presented with perception of light (PL) vision in the right eye and non-perception of light (NPL) in the left eye. There was mild lid edema in the right eye. There was marked proptosis associated with external ophthalmoplegia suggestive of orbital apex syndrome. The conjunctiva was keratinized and the cornea necrotic and opaque. The left eye enucleation and nasal exploration were done. The patient objected to taking amphotericn B, the drug of choice for this condition because of his previous adverse reaction experience to the drug. Posacornazole, the second line drug could not be assessed, posing a great therapeutic challenge in the effective management of this case. The patient was later referred for neurosurgical management but was reported to have died at a tertiary health facility in Abuja.
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Ojabo, CO, A. Adekwu, and T. Ben-Ameh. "Multi-disciplinary Approach in Management of Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in Resource-poor Setting in Sub-saharan Africa: A Case Report." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (2020): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v3i12020.139.
Full textAbstract:
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon acute aggressive fungal infection occurring in several immunocompromised states including diabetes which is the most common predisposing factor. In this case report we present the clinical finding, therapeutic challenges and outcome in a 44 years old male type II diabetic patient. Patient first presented to the ortorhinolaryngologist with complaints of nasal discharge, postnasal drip, cough, hyposmia, facial pains, and intermittent nasal obstruction. He had bilateral intranasal antrostomy, upon X-ray confirmation of homogenious opacity of the left maxillary antrum and mucosal thickening of the right antrum. Fungal study of the specimen revealed mucormycosis. Six months later he presented with perception of light (PL) vision in the right eye and non-perception of light (NPL) in the left eye. There was mild lid edema in the right eye. There was marked proptosis associated with external ophthalmoplegia suggestive of orbital apex syndrome. The conjunctiva was keratinized and the cornea necrotic and opaque. The left eye enucleation and nasal exploration were done. The patient objected to taking amphotericn B, the drug of choice for this condition because of his previous adverse reaction experience to the drug. Posacornazole, the second line drug could not be assessed, posing a great therapeutic challenge in the effective management of this case. The patient was later referred for neurosurgical management but was reported to have died at a tertiary health facility in Abuja.
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Ojabo, CO, A. Adekwu, and T. Ben-Ameh. "Multi-disciplinary Approach in Management of Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in Resource-poor Setting in Sub-saharan Africa: A Case Report." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (2020): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp3i1.2020139.
Full textAbstract:
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon acute aggressive fungal infection occurring in several immunocompromised states including diabetes which is the most common predisposing factor. In this case report we present the clinical finding, therapeutic challenges and outcome in a 44 years old male type II diabetic patient. Patient first presented to the ortorhinolaryngologist with complaints of nasal discharge, postnasal drip, cough, hyposmia, facial pains, and intermittent nasal obstruction. He had bilateral intranasal antrostomy, upon X-ray confirmation of homogenious opacity of the left maxillary antrum and mucosal thickening of the right antrum. Fungal study of the specimen revealed mucormycosis. Six months later he presented with perception of light (PL) vision in the right eye and non-perception of light (NPL) in the left eye. There was mild lid edema in the right eye. There was marked proptosis associated with external ophthalmoplegia suggestive of orbital apex syndrome. The conjunctiva was keratinized and the cornea necrotic and opaque. The left eye enucleation and nasal exploration were done. The patient objected to taking amphotericn B, the drug of choice for this condition because of his previous adverse reaction experience to the drug. Posacornazole, the second line drug could not be assessed, posing a great therapeutic challenge in the effective management of this case. The patient was later referred for neurosurgical management but was reported to have died at a tertiary health facility in Abuja.
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Kang, Yanwei, Shaowei Li, Chang Liu, et al. "A rabbit model for assessing symblepharon after alkali burn of the superior conjunctival sac." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50286-x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Symblepharon due to chemical burns affects ocular surface health, and there are currently no satisfactory treatments. To improve our understanding of symblepharon, an appropriate animal model is urgently needed. We established a rabbit model of superior conjunctival sac alkaline burn to evaluate symblepharon severity. Alkali burns were induced in rabbits by contacting the superior conjunctival sac with 2 N NaOH-soaked semicircle filter paper (10 mm diameter) for 60 s, 90 s or 120 s. Clinical and histological features were examined, symblepharon severity was evaluated via conjunctival sac depth (grade I - IV) and volume measurements (grade a-d) post-injury at 4 weeks. With increasing alkali burn duration, corneal perforation and symblepharon severity increased. The 60 s group manifested a sub-conjunctiva scar. The 90 s group featured localized adhesion. The 120 s group was characterized by extensive scar hyperplasia and adhesion. The rabbit model exhibited stable and reliable symblepharon following an alkali burn of the superior conjunctival sac. For further research, 90 s is a suitable duration for conjunctival sac burn. The volume measured using conjunctival sac casting was considered when developing a successful evaluation system for symblepharon severity.