Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sub Saharan African

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sub Saharan African'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sub Saharan African"

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Somerville, Carolyn. "Pensée 2: The “African” in Africana/Black/African and African American Studies." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090606.

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In Pensée 1, “Africa on My Mind,” Mervat Hatem questions the perceived wisdom of creating the African Studies Association (focused on sub-Saharan Africa) and the Middle East Studies Association a decade later, which “institutionalized the political bifurcation of the African continent into two academic fields.” The cleaving of Africa into separate and distinct parts—a North Africa/Middle East and a sub-Saharan Africa—rendered a great disservice to all Africans: it has fractured dialogue, research, and policy while preventing students and scholars of Africa from articulating a coherent understanding of the continent.
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Ugwuanyi, J. U., and Chukwudi Obinne. "Promoting Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 1 (March 1998): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700109.

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Access to adequate food constitutes the most serious problem for most African households today. Low productivity rapid population growth, food aid and food importation, structural adjustment programmes, illiteracy, environmental degradation, poorly formulated and executed food policies, wars and political instability are among the factors held responsible for food insecurity and food inadequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa. The promotion of food security and improvement of living conditions of the African people should form the core of development programmes in Africa for years to come. Therefore, policy reversals are urgently needed to put Africa on the path of development, and a cooperative regionalism is advocated. Africans both at home and in the diaspora must collectively assume the responsibility for the advancement of African agriculture and economy.
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Kravchenko, Mariia. "Integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa: history and prospects for development." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-52-62.

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The article deals with the main integration associations of such a promising but controversial region, as Sub-Saharan Africa. The author emphasizes the continuity of regional integration associations’ formation that goes back to the colonial times, to the first half of the 20th century. Periodization of ongoing integration processes in Sub-Saharan Africa is proposed in the research. Key milestones for the further regional integration were: - 1963, the foundation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU); and the beginning of Independence for many postcolonial countries of Sub-Saharan Africa; - 1980, the Lagos Plan of Action adoption that led to the establishment in future of the following integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa: ECOWAS, Economic Community of West African States; COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa; ECCAS, Economic Community of Central African States; - 1991, the signing of the Abuja Treaty, which called for the African Economic Community creation as the new stage for economic cooperation and integration of the continent, including Sub-Saharan Africa; - 1999-2002, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) transition into the African Union (AU), launching of new partnerships and integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa, increased integration. At the beginning of the 21st century, there are serious economic and political factors for disintegration in the region. Nevertheless, the following integration associations, as stated in the article, proved to be effective: SADC, Southern African Development Community; EAC, East African Community; COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. The author argues that the existence since 2015 the Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) between EAC, COMESA and SADC marks a significant step forward for strengthening of integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as for the achievement of African Union’s purpose to provide the African Continental Free Trade Area.
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Amadou, Akilou, and Tchamsé Aronda. "Structural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2019-0236.

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PurposeRecent works on the structural transformation of developing countries usually include only a few countries because of the availability of data. Beyond the resulting lack of representativeness, these works also hit a strong disparity between the labour reallocation patterns of sub-regions. This paper devoted to sub-Saharan Africa, evaluates the performance of sub-Saharan Africa, as a whole, in structural transformation using a more exhaustive database and highlights key disparities that exist between the performances of sub-Saharan African sub-regions.Design/methodology/approachWith a database covering 43 sub-Saharan African countries classified into 4 sub-regions, the paper uses the shift-share method over the period 1991–2012 with sub-periods of 1991–2000 and 2000–2012.FindingsResults show that labour reallocation in sub-Saharan Africa occurred, though weakly, towards more productive activities over the period 1991–2012. Results also show a significant disparity between sub-regions' labour reallocation pattern. While East Africa has experienced a labour reallocation towards more productive activities, West Africa has seen a labour reallocation towards activities experiencing an increase in productivity. Central Africa and Southern Africa experienced a labour reallocation towards less productive activities, and these activities know, moreover, a decrease of productivity.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that any political strategy purposing to coordinate structural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa will result in a failure if countries' peculiarities are not taken into account.Originality/valueThis paper offers a representative picture of sub-Saharan Africa's structural transformation and illustrates disparities between its sub-regions' performances.
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Ninsheka, Leonard, Edward Ssemakula, Christopher Tiyo, Rebecca Kalibwani, Ronald Kityo, Wilson Mugizi, and Willbroad Byamukama. "Effects of Urban Agriculture on the Socio-Economic Status of Farmers in Cities of Sub-Sahara Africa. A case of Zambia, South Africa, and Nigeria: A Review." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.7.1.1709.

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This paper reviews the current literature concerning the effect of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of urban farmers in Sub-Sahara African Cities. The main objective of this review is to examine the impacts of urban agriculture on the socio-economic status of urban farmers in Sub-Sahara African Cities. Specifically, the paper reviews the impact of urban agriculture on income and food security as well as the benefits and challenges affecting urban Agriculture development in selected cities of sub-Saharan African countries. This paper reviews different articles and papers on urban farming in Sub-Sahara Africa and globally. The review posits that there is scanty information on how urban agriculture affects farmers' socio-economic status in sub-Saharan Africa. How farmers derive their social and economic status by engaging in urban agriculture, and the types and motivations of farmers are not clear. The review suggests that understanding the factors that are crucial for food security, income and related benefits in urban agriculture is essential to developing the right technologies and policies
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Adefeso, Hammed Adetola. "Productive Government Expenditure and Economic Performance in sub-Saharan Africa: An Empirical Investigation." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 19, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2016-0005.

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Abstract This study examined the effect of government expenditure on its disaggregated level on economic growth in a sample of 20 sub-Saharan African Countries over the period of 1980-2010 in a dynamic panel data model. The result from Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) revealed an inverse relationship between productive government expenditure and economic growth in sub-Sahara Africa. Also, productive government expenditures were not actually productive most especially when financed by non-distortonary government tax revenue in sub-Saharan African countries. The study concluded that the productive government expenditure and its corresponding source of the mode of financing were counterproductive for economic performance in the African countries.
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Diallo, Mame Yoro, Martina Čížková, Iva Kulichová, Eliška Podgorná, Edita Priehodová, Jana Nováčková, Veronica Fernandes, Luísa Pereira, and Viktor Černý. "Circum-Saharan Prehistory through the Lens of mtDNA Diversity." Genes 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13030533.

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African history has been significantly influenced by the Sahara, which has represented a barrier for migrations of all living beings, including humans. Major exceptions were the gene flow events that took place between North African and sub-Saharan populations during the so-called African Humid Periods, especially in the Early Holocene (11.5 to 5.5 thousand years ago), and more recently in connection with trans-Saharan commercial routes. In this study, we describe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of human populations from both sides of the Sahara Desert, i.e., both from North Africa and the Sahel/Savannah belt. The final dataset of 7213 mtDNA sequences from 134 African populations encompasses 470 newly collected and 6743 previously published samples, which were analyzed using descriptive methods and Bayesian statistics. We completely sequenced 26 mtDNAs from sub-Saharan samples belonging to the Eurasian haplogroup N1. Analyses of these N1 mitogenomes revealed their possible routes to the Sahel, mostly via Bab el-Mandab. Our results indicate that maternal gene flow must have been important in this circum-Saharan space, not only within North Africa and the Sahel/Savannah belt but also between these two regions.
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Adamek, Margaret, and Messay Kotecho. "FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO GROWING DEPRESSION AMONG ELDERS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0409.

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Abstract While growing research has addressed physical ailments and communicable diseases in the older adult population in Sub-Saharan Africa, little research has investigated mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety among older Africans. In many African nations, mental health diagnoses are not acknowledged let alone well understood by the general public. Little has been documented about the extent of depression among older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa and the factors contributing to depression among older African adults. This study used secondary sources and a synthesis of recent empirical literature to examine and document the extent of depression among older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa and the contributing factors to geriatric depression. Sources indicate that mental health symptoms of Africans are often considered the work of evil spirits or may be overlooked by families. Available studies report rates of geriatric depression ranging from 37.8% in Ghana, 40% in South Africa, 41.2% in Ethiopia, and up to 44% in Tanzania. Older women in Sub-Saharan Africa have higher rates of depression than older men. Contributing factors to depression include lack of formal education, chronic illness, unstable income, and waning social supports. With an estimated 2 out of 5 older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa experiencing depression, interventions are needed to address the factors contributing to depression among older adults as well as culturally relevant interventions to ameliorate current symptoms. Interventions common in Global North nations such as anti-depressant medication or private therapy may not be appropriate for older African adults struggling with depression.
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Appiah-Kubi, Seth Nana Kwame, Karel Malec, Sandra Boatemaa Kutin, Mansoor Maitah, Michael Chanda Chiseni, Joseph Phiri, Zdeňka Gebeltová, Sylvie Kobzev Kotásková, and Kamil Maitah. "Foreign Ownership in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Governance Structures Matter?" Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 7698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187698.

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It has been widely argued that governance structures have roles in the predominance of foreign ownership in Sub-Saharan African countries. Our paper sought to challenge this conventional wisdom by investigating the ways in which country-level governance structures influenced the predominance of foreign holdings in Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2010–2015. The study used panel sampling annual data from thirty countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) as our discussion estimators. Our statistical results reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between government effectiveness and the predominance of foreign ownership in Sub-Saharan African countries. Furthermore, foreign ownership predominates in Sub-Saharan African economies that have sound political stability and embrace effective and efficient regulations. Moreover, the relationship between corruption and the prevalence of foreign ownership is negative but significant. However, the rule of law, and voice and accountability, are insignificant to the predominance of foreign ownership in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our results suggest that governments in Sub-Saharan Africa should adopt robust and efficacious measures, strengthen their policies and institutions to promote the control of corruption, provide quality regulations, and minimize political violence.
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Gez, Yonatan N., Nadia Beider, and Helga Dickow. "African and Not Religious: The State of Research on Sub-Saharan Religious Nones and New Scholarly Horizons." Africa Spectrum 57, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00020397211052567.

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Sub-Saharan African societies are widely seen as highly religious. However, at least 30 million Sub-Saharan Africans identify themselves as “religious nones” and are supposedly not affiliated with any religious tradition. While research interest in religious nones has been growing in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, there is a dearth of literature on nones in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we offer an overview of this understudied subject and dwell on key challenges for studying African nones, including preconceived notions and structural oppositions. We further muse on the identity of African nones and consider differences from the characteristics established concerning Western nones. The article draws on quantitative data from across the region (primarily from Afrobarometer and Pew Research Center) and supplements them with interview data collected in Chad, Kenya, and South Africa.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sub Saharan African"

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Likoti, Fako Johnson. "African military intervention in African conflicts: an analysis of military intervention in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4006_1182235430.

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The dissertation examines three military interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa which took place in the mid and late 1990s in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho. These interventions took place despite high expectations of international and regional peace on the part of most analysts after the collapse of cold war in 1989. However, interstate and intrastate conflicts re-emerged with more intensity than ever before, and sub-Saharan Africa proved to be no exception.


The study sets out to analyse the motives and/or causes of military interventions in Rwanda in 1990, the DRC in 1996-7, and the DRC military rebellion and the Lesotho intervention in 1998. In analysing these interventions, the study borrows extensively from the work of dominant security theorists of international relations, predominantly realists who conceptualise international relations as a struggle for power and survival in the anarchic world. The purpose of this analysis is fourfold
firstly, to determine the reasons for military interventions and the extent to which these interventions were conducted on humanitarian grounds
secondly, to investigate the degree to which or not intervening countries were spurred by their national interests
thirdly, to assess the roles of international organisations like Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and the United Nations, in facilitating these interventions
as well as to evaluate the role of parliaments of intervening countries in authorising or not these military interventions in terms of holding their Executives accountable. In this context, the analysis argues that the intervening countries
Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Namibia, Rwanda, Sudan, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe appeared to have used intervention as a realist foreign policy tool in the absence of authorisation from the United Nations and its subordinate bodies such as the OAU and SADC.

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Duursma, Allard. "African solutions to African challenges : explaining the role of legitimacy in mediating civil wars in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:054ebfd1-ee08-4dee-b694-cb462361fece.

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The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of armed conflicts predominantly draws on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. In this dissertation I argue against those that highlight material power when explaining outcomes of international mediation processes. Indeed, this dissertation shows that legitimacy, far more than capacity, determines outcomes of mediation. The reason why legitimacy matters so much is that if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutual satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties towards compliance, but if a mediator loses legitimacy, no amount of material resources will prove sufficient in mediating the conflict. In other words, material capacity in the form of economic and military resources may be useful to successfully mediate a conflict, but it is rarely sufficient. Through scrutinising international mediation processes in civil wars in Africa, I develop a theory that explains how mediators are effective because of a high degree of legitimacy rather than military or economic capacity. More specifically, I show how legitimacy matters through comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically referred to as ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, African third parties are effective in mediating civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type of mediation in conflicts in Africa. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2012, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African third parties, African third parties are far more likely to conclude peace agreements and these peace agreements are more likely to be durable. Two case studies, in which several mediation efforts in civil wars in Sudan are examined, further probe the causal mechanisms that I put forward to explain the effectiveness of African mediation. While I do not claim causal generalisability on the basis of these two case studies, the mediation efforts in Sudan nevertheless suggest that third party legitimacy is central to mediation success. This is the first systematic study that compares African and non-African mediation efforts. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that solely puts forward rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this dissertation overcomes key limitations in the current mediation literature, in which material sources of power are emphasised and social structures are ignored.
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Modiba, Matome. "Strategies of South African banks expanding into Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30460.

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The Sub-Saharan African economic environment has experienced growth in the last two decades. This has led to capital inflows into the continent, which has meant that multinational companies have entered the market in search of growth and capital. Due to this, multiple banks have expanded their operations throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The role that banks play on the African continent is vital as they provide a reliable conduit for capital to enter the market while also promoting economic growth in the countries in which they operate. As one of the largest economies on the continent, South Africa is home to the largest banks in Africa, many which have expanded their operations into the continent. This dissertation is a qualitative case study focusing on the expansion strategies used by some of the South African banks that expanded into SSA. The dissertation aimed to understand which entry strategies led to successful expansions, how the banks defined the success of the expansion as well as what challenges the banks experienced. The dissertation found that successful expansions are driven by the appetite, persistence and level of conviction within the organisation about their expansion strategy. The more consistent and ardent the financial intuition is regarding their strategy, the higher the possibility of achieving a successful expansion. The level of management and organisational support for the strategy, as well as the number of operations the institution established played a role. The financial investment that the organisation undertook for the expansion was also an important factor for success.
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Gichenje, Helene. "The impact of official development assistance on African agriculture." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24007.

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An aggregate agricultural production function (a pooled covariance model) based on the metaproduction approach, was estimated using cross section, time series data for 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) covering the 1970-1993 period to evaluate the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production. The Almon lag structure of the foreign aid (Official Development Assistance) variable was specified to account for the effect of foreign aid over time. The results support the hypothesis that the aggregate effect of aid on agricultural production in SSA is positive. The marginal effect of foreign aid in SSA is calculated to be $0.14 which can be interpreted to mean that a one dollar increase in aid in each of the past six years would be expected to increase the value of agricultural output by 14 cents in the current year.
There is a great variation in the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production when countries are classified according to agro-climatic region, income level and policy environment. Excluding Eastern and Southern Africa where the effect of aid is negative, the marginal effect of foreign aid ranges from $0.40 in Sudano-Sahel to $1.32 in Central Africa. The marginal effect of foreign aid is larger in middle income countries as compared to high income countries; it is negative in low income countries. The effect of aid is positive and significant in countries classified under a favourable policy environment but negative and insignificant in countries classified under an unfavourable policy environment. The structural adjustment dummy variable is positive and significant in most regressions indicating that structural adjustment programs have been beneficial to agriculture in most Sub-Saharan African countries.
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Zhang, Zeya. "Essays on Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101898.

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As one of the fastest growing regions in the world, crop production and education remain two of the most important topics for the development of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This dissertation is composed of three chapters that investigate the economic returns to education (Chapter 1 and 2) and assess the policy influence on fertilizer usage (Chapter 3) in two SSA countries, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia. Chapter 1 investigates the casual impact of improved educational attainment on household well-being as reflected by consumption level in Zimbabwe. We use the age-specific exposure to the 1980 education reform as the instrument for the household head educational attainment to identify the economic returns to education. We find that an extra year of household head schooling leads to an 8% increase in per capita household consumption on average when using the multiple rounds of the Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey (ICES). The impact of enhanced education on household consumption is larger for rural and female-headed households and we also find some evidence that head educational attainment could affect consumption patterns, where additional schooling leads to slightly lower consumption share in food and higher share in non-durable goods. Chapter 2 extends this topic by utilizing a pseudo panel data constructed with multiple waves of repeated cross-sectional data, which allows us to use fixed-effect and other panel data methods to address the problem of unobserved "ability" bias. For pseudo panel, we use age, gender and some other time-persistent criterions to define the cohorts and replace the individual observations with the intra-cohort means. Individual time-invariant factors that influencing both education and consumption are transformed into cohort time-invariant factors, within transformation on the pseudo panel would eliminate such factors leads to achieve unbiased and consistent estimates on the returns to education. We find on average there is a 14% increase in monthly household per capita consumption for each one more year of education for the household head. By further disaggregating our population, we find female-headed households exhibit a return to education of around 15.3%, much higher than its corresponding OLS/IV estimates. On the other hand, we fail to detect such large discrepancy for the male-headed households, suggesting that the overall downward bias of OLS/IV estimates mostly come from female-headed households. Facing significant higher opportunity cost, Zimbabwean females are much less likely to furthering their education when compared to males with similar unobserved ability level which can be one of the major underlying reasons. Chapter 3 investigates the potential effect of fertilizer promotion polices on crop acreage and input intensities in Ethiopia. We use a fully calibrated multi-input and -output model based on the principle of positive mathematical programming (PMP) to assess the policy impact in four major agricultural states in the country. I analyze two policies designed to promote fertilizer use, namely fertilizer import expansion and a universal subsidy program. The results from the simulation model suggest that local farmers actively respond to these promotion policies by adjusting crop acreage and investing more in fertilizer input. However, when the availability of fertilizer in one region is fixed and local farmers face a binding constraint, the behavior responses to the subsidy program alone would be limited.
Doctor of Philosophy
Education and food production are two of the most important issues when we study the development in Sub-Saharan African countries, which are among the fastest developing regions in the world. The dissertation is composed of three manuscripts, aiming to evaluate the economic returns to education and the impact of fertilizer promotion policies in two of the SSA countries, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia. Chapter 1 investigates the returns to education as reflected by household consumption and finds significant positive effect of enhanced education on household well-being. We also find such effect is larger for rural and female-headed households which shed light on the policy of more public investment targeting female and rural education in developing countries. Chapter 2 further extends this topic by combining multiple rounds of survey data and finds larger educational effects on household consumption compared to the results in Chapter 1. Female household heads, facing more barriers in attaining higher education, are an important cause of the higher estimates of returns found in this chapter. Chapter 3 investigates how potential fertilizer promotion polices would affect the regional level of choices on crop acreage and fertilizer input intensities in the major agricultural states in Ethiopia. It finds local farmers will actively adjust their land and fertilizer inputs when facing a fertilizer import expansion in combined with a universal fertilizer subsidy program.
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Dray, James Daniel. "Voter turnout in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4889265-1bae-45cc-b12a-4fa92d441800.

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This thesis addresses the question of who votes in Africa and why. It uses three sets of quantitative data at three different levels to test its claims: an original compilation of national level institutional and socioeconomic indicators for over 700 elections from independence until 2006 compiled by the author; the Afrobarometer survey of almost 50 000 voters in 17 multiparty African regimes; and the first ever purpose-built survey aimed at testing rational choice turnout models in an African case study, which was designed, administered and analysed by the author in 2005 in Durban, South Africa. It uses a mixture of statistical methods to test comprehensively the determinants of voting in pooled and multilevel, logistic and linear, individual and national level models. It finds that the central claims of the rational choice model do not generally apply in African elections. Both the closeness of the election and the costs of participation are not found to be central to the voting calculus of African voters. Instead those citizens who face the highest barriers to participation in the West: the rural, poor and minimally educated, are the citizens who vote most in Africa. The thesis argues that this is because turnout in Africa is mobilised turnout and these are the groups of people targeted by mobilising agents. It further finds that three central institutions of African politics; ethnicity, clientelism and regime type further structure patterns of mobilisation in ways that have been entirely neglected in studies of turnout until now. Finally, it confirms that voting is habitual and that voters are socialised by formative experiences in their youth, especially the nature of the regime that they grow up in and how democratic they think the country is.
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Khumalo, Mahlomola. "How South African banking sector facilitates South African foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8445.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Currently, South Africa is a leading intra-continental foreign direct investor in Africa, in general, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular. The internationalisation of South African enterprises has throughout the period following the advent of the new dispensation in 1994 assumed two forms: banking and non-banking cross-border expansions. These cross-border expansions have largely involved greenfield, merger and acquisition and joint venture types of investment. Increased trade between South Africa and the region and huge business and investment opportunities have been the pre-eminent motive forces behind the country's nonbanking and banking foreign direct investment drive into Sub-Saharan Africa. A number of studies have been conducted about South African general outward foreign direct investment, but none so specifically about the involvement of the South African multinational banks in this cross-border expansion by the country's multinational firms. In fact, no obvious and composite information is readily available about the "how" aspect of the involvement. It is the objective of this study therefore to investigate "how" South African banks with multinational behaviour have facilitated and continue to facilitate the way for South African foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. The outcome of the research effort makes for an interesting discovery that demonstrates how South African banks indeed facilitate South African outward FDI flows into the Sub-Saharan region. A case study illustration in this research report clearly shows that banks, driven by their own foreign direct investment interests, were simultaneously facilitating and driving nonbanking foreign direct investment in the region. Benefits and costs are also accruing to firms and countries (host country and home country to a lesser degree) involved in the crossborder investment activities. South African outward foreign direct investment, although very important to Sub-Saharan Africa, has serious challenges to contend with in the region. Pockets of conflict and instability in some countries with lucrative opportunities continue to bedevil South African foreign direct investment. Policy and regulatory environments in some countries still remain to be a downside for the attraction of South African outward foreign direct investment, including banking foreign direct investment. Interestingly, South African govemment is keenly involved to ensure that trade and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa flow uninterruptedly without prejudicing any party. Trade and investment opportunities are indeed the key motives for South African outward foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa. The ''follow-your-client'' paradigm is largely responsible for the South African multinational banks' drive across the border into the region. This ''follow-your-client'' concept in the South Africa foreign direct investment context and other related concepts must be further researched in much greater detail and wider approach. But this does not take away the essence and significance of this study which, amongst other things, provides a good foundation for future research undertakings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidiglik is Suid-Afrika die voorstander in die intra-kontinentale vaste buitelandse investering in Afrika in die algemeen en spesifiek in Sub-Sahara Afrika. Die internasionalisering van Suid-Afrikaanse besighede het na 1994 twee vorme aangeneem, t.w. die uitbreiding van bank- en nie-bankinvestering. Die uitbreiding sluit in samesmeltings en venootskappe van investeringsgeleenthede. Verhoogde handel, investeringsgeleenthede en besigheid tussen Suid-Afrika en Sub-Sahara Afrika was die dryfkrag agter die land se vaste buitelandse beleggings. Aigemene studies is gedoen van Suid-Afrikaanse buitelandse beleggings, maar niks so spesifiek soos die samewerking van Suid-Afrikaanse banke met die banke van buitelandse multinasionale firmas nie. Daar is geen inligting vrylik bekombaar oor die 'hoe' van die buitelandse beleggings nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om juis te bepaal hoe Suid-Afrikaanse banke tans en op die pad vorentoe te werk gaan om vaste buitelandse investerings met multinasionale besighede in Sub-Sahara Afrika uit te brei. 'n Teoretiese grondslag van die debat, definisies en begrip van die konsep "vaste buitelandse investering" vorm deel van die ondersoek, waar beide primere en sekondere data gebruik is. Moeite is gedoen om te verseker dat die data en inligting wat gebruik is, gebaseer is op die "global research methodology", wat insluit vraelyste en elektroniese onderhoude. Hierdie terugvoering wys daarop dat Suid-Afrikaanse banke inderdaad pro-aktief is in die veld van uitwaardse vaste beleggings in die Sub-Sahara area. Banke doen nie net hul eie vaste buitelandse investerings nie, maar fasiliteer dit vir nie-bank vaste buitelandse beleggings. Dit lei tot voordele en kostebesparings vir firmas in die proses van beleggingsaktiwiteite. Alhoewel Suid-Afrikaanse vaste beleggings belangrik is vir ander Afrikastate, is daar ook heelwat slaggate om in ag te neem. Onstabiliteite in lande met aansienlike investeringspotensiaal maak dit moeilik vir Suid-Afrika om te investeer. In baie lande het reels en regulasies nog steeds 'n negatiewe invloed op buitelandse investerings, wat banke insluit. Handel en beleggingsgeleenthede is die motief vir Suid-Afrikaanse investering in SubSahara lande. Die gesegde "follow your client" is die dryfkrag agter die Suid-Afrikaanse banke om te investeer. Daar moet meer ondersoek gedoen word oor die "follow your client" konsep. Hierdie verslag is dus slegs 'n begin punt waarop daar uitgebrei moet word deur verdere ondersoeke.
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Ngwenya, Nomfundo Xenia. "State-private sector-civil-society partnerships and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) : a South African response." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52461.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the regional arm of the United Nations in Africa, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) is faced with the challenge of conforming to the broader agenda of its mother body while it simultaneously strives to be seen to devise solutions that are unique to Africa's development needs. This means that the ECA needs to find a way of striking a balance between the demands of international development trends and the viability of such trends for Africa. The United Nations, similarly to other influential multilateral institutions like the World Bank, has moved into the 21st century with the 'partnerships approach' to development. The central idea behind these partnerships is that of promoting active participation between the state, the private sector and civil society in contributing towards development. What this means, therefore, is that development is no longer viewed as the sole responsibility of the state, but rather calls for a closer working relationship between these three sectors. Given the fact that these sectors are at different levels of development in many African countries, with some countries not even having an active civil society, private sector or even a strong state, the ECA has to make sense of what exactly partnerships mean for Africa. This study is based on an understanding that if the ECA wishes to have an impact on the African continent, it will have to engage its Member States in order to develop a common idea and approach to the conceptualisation and implementation of partnerships in Africa. In light of this background, this study focuses on South Africa as a Member State of the ECA and one of a few countries that have a strong civil society and developed private sector. What is also significant about South Africa is the fact that a number of significant initiatives that involve both state and non-state actors have been evident in the period since the first democratic elections of 1994, thus allowing for an informed response from representatives of the different sectors. A South African response has thus been compiled from the six interviews that were conducted, two with representatives from each of the three sectors. Following from the responses, the study makes recommendations as to how the ECA can playa leading role in promoting partnerships in Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Verenigde Nasies se Ekonomiese Kommissie vir Afrika (EKA), 'n streeksvertakking van die Verenigde Nasies in Afrika, staan gedurig voor die uitdaging om te konformeer met die breër agenda van die moederorganisasie, maar streef terselfdertyd daarna om spesifieke antwoorde te vind vir Afrika se unieke ontwikkelingsbehoeftes. Dit beteken dat die EKA 'n middeweg tussen die eise van internasionale ontwikkelingstendense en die toepaslikheid daarvan in Afrika moet vind. Net soos die Wêreldbank en ander invloedryke internasionale instansies, is die Verenigde Nasies se benadering tot ontwikkeling in die een en twintigste eeu geskoei op 'n vennootskapsbasis. Die onderliggende oogmerk van dié benadering is die aanmoediging van aktiewe bydraes tot ontwikkeling deur die staat, privaatsektor en burgerlike samelewing. Derhalwe beteken dit dat ontwikkeling nie meer gesien word as die uitsluitlike verantwoordelikheid van die staat nie, maar eerder as 'n funksie van samewerking tussen die drie bogenoemde sektore. Aangesien baie Afrika state hulself op verskillende vlakke van ontwikkeling bevind, tesame met die feit dat sommige nie oor 'n aktiewe burgerlike samelewing, private sektor, of selfs 'n sterk staat beskik nie, is dit die taak van die EKA om gestalte te gee aan die konsep van 'vennootskappe' binne 'n Afrika konteks. Hierdie studie gaan uit vanaf die standpunt dat die EKA alleenlik 'n impak sal hê as lidstate betrek word om 'n gemeenskaplike verstandhouding en benadering tot die konsepsualisering en implimentering van vennootskappe in Afrika te ontwikkel. In die lig van bogenoemde, fokus die studie op Suid-Afrika, as EKA lidstaat en een van 'n paar Afrika state met 'n sterk burgerlike samelewing en goed ontwikkelde privaatsektor. 'n Verdere belangrike dimensie in die geval van Suid-Afrika, is die aantal belangrike inisiatiewe wat gesamentlik tussen staats- en nie-staatsinstansies sedert 1994 aangepak is. Hierdie inisiatiewe het verseker dat verteenwoordigers van alle sektore 'n ingeligte benadering tot besluite rakende die ontwikkeling van die streek kon volg. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie projek is ses onderhoude gevoer - twee per sektor - ten einde 'n beter begrip te kry van die land se benadering tot vennootskappe in diens van ontwikkeling. As 'n uitvloeisel van hierdie studie, word 'n aantal aanbevelings gemaak oor hoe die EKA 'n leidende rol kan speel in die aanmoediging van vennootskappe in Afrika.
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Kufuor, Nana Kwabena. "Essays on sub-optimal fiscal policy responses in sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12907/.

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The actions of governments are instrumental in economic development, and an important lever of policy is fiscal policy. Taxation and spending cannot only promote economic development but inhibit progress and retard the process, and nowhere is this most evident than in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is the focus of this study. Promoting economic development therefore requires that policies that inhibit the process are identified and addressed. In this light, this thesis investigates two common features of fiscal policy in developing countries that may slow down economic development: the first is that government consumption is pro-cyclical even though increasing (reducing) spending in response to increases (decreases) in income worsens income fluctuations. The second feature is that the budget deficit (budget balance) increases (decreases) in response to aid inflows. We address the issue of pro-cyclical government consumption in two stages: in the first stage a coefficient of cyclicality of government consumption is obtained for each of the sample countries using an improved (equilibrium-correction) specification. Variation in these coefficients across countries is then explained within a cross-section specification in the second stage. We conclude that credit constraint and political distortion are significant determinants of pro-cyclical government consumption. However, they are not the underlying reason why pro-cyclicality of government consumption increases with income uncertainty as existing explanation has it. Rather, the latter is the result of actions taken by the government to remain solvent in economic downturns. We investigate the aid-budget deficit relationship in three parts: the first part re-visits the past evidence, using more recent data, improved methods and a sample consisting of only SSA countries. We find that, consistent with past evidence, countries with larger budget deficits receive more aid and aid induces larger deficits. However, the effect of aid on the budget deficit has improved in recent times. This suggests that, contrary to existing explanation, giving more aid to countries with larger budget deficits is not the reason why aid induces larger deficits. Rather, we show in the second part that there is a divergence in the cross-section and within-country (year-to-year) dimensions of aid determination and the effect of aid depends on the latter: aid induces smaller deficits in countries where decreases in the budget deficit are associated with increased inflows of aid over time. Finally, we use a new approach to vector equilibrium-correction models (VECMs) to investigate the relationship between aid inflows and the fiscal aggregates that underlie the contrasting aid-budget deficit relationship across countries; we use Ghana (where the relationship is negative) and Zambia (where it is positive) as case studies. We conclude that aid induces lower deficits when year-to-year disbursements are conditioned on decreases in total expenditure and domestic borrowing. Even though aid inflows attracted by increased expenditure may still induce lower deficits, the magnitude of the decrease in expenditure is over-whelmed by the initial increase that attracted aid in the first place. We therefore conclude that to induce substantial deficit reductions, aid should be conditioned on decreased expenditure and domestic borrowing, or better still on reduced deficits. Thus, budget conditions are effective when enforced.
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Agulanna, Christopher. "Informed Consent in Sub-Saharan African Communal Culture: The." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11963.

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Some scholars argue that the principle of voluntary informed consent is rooted in the Western ethos of liberal individualism; that it would be difficult to implement this requirement in societies where the norms of decision-making emphasize collective rather than individual decision-making (for example, Sub-Saharan Africa); that it would amount to “cultural imperialism” to seek to implement the principle of voluntary informed consent in non-Western societies. This thesis rejects this skepticism about the possibility of implementing the informed consent requirement in non-Western environments and argues that applying the principle of voluntary informed consent in human subjects’ research in Sub-Saharan African communal culture could serve as an effective measure to protect vulnerable subjects from possible abuses or exploitations. The thesis proposes the “multi-step” approach to informed consent as the best approach to the implementation of the principle in the African communal setting. The thesis argues that the importance of the “multi-step” approach lies in the fact that it is one that is sensitive to local culture and customs. On the question of whether the principle of voluntary informed consent should be made compulsory in research, the thesis answers that we have no choice in the matter.

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Books on the topic "Sub Saharan African"

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Parrinder, Edward Geoffrey. African mythology. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1996.

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Hugon, Philippe. African geopolitics. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2007.

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Hugon, Philippe. African geopolitics. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2007.

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Adésínà, ’Jìmí O., ed. Social Policy in Sub-Saharan African Context. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590984.

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Ardagh, Philip. African myths & legends. London: Belitha, 1998.

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Ardagh, Philip. African myths & legends. Parsippany, NJ: Dillon Press, 1999.

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Ardagh, Philip. African myths & legends. London: Belitha, 1999.

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Ltd, Mott MacDonald International, and World Bank, eds. Sub-Saharan Africa hydrological assessment: West African countries : regional report. Cambridge, U.K: Mott MacDonald International, 1992.

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Mistry, Percy S. African debt: The case for relief for Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford, England: Oxford International Associates, 1989.

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Gwendolyn, Mikell, ed. African feminism: The politics of survival in sub-Saharan Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sub Saharan African"

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Haggblade, Steven. "Sub-Saharan African Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 2251–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_245.

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Haggblade, Steven. "Sub-Saharan African Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_245-1.

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Haggblade, Steven. "Sub-Saharan African Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics, 1662–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_245.

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Ludovic, S. J., Lado Tonlieu. "Religion and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 47–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_4.

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Abstract This chapter critically examines the contribution of religion to peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa. An overview of the complex and evolving religious landscape of Africa today, where Christianity and Islam coexist alongside African traditional religions, is followed by an exploration of the intersection of secular and faith-based processes of peacebuilding in what remains a profoundly religious continent. Thirdly, this chapter probes the different ways religion has been appropriated or justified in the service of terror, notably in the case of the Central African Republic. Lastly, the chapter considers how religion-based efforts to mitigate conflict in Africa can be made more effective, especially Muslim-based initiatives, given the disproportionate impact on Africa’s Muslims.
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Viruly, François, and Aly Karam. "Sub-Saharan Real Estate Markets." In Understanding African Real Estate Markets, 1–3. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429279256-1.

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Garenne, Michel. "Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The Routledge Handbook of African Demography, 151–80. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429287213-12.

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Adebowale, Ayo S., Obiageli Onwusaka, Mobolaji M. Salawu, Segun Bello, and David A. Adewole. "Ageing in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The Routledge Handbook of African Demography, 679–703. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429287213-44.

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Smale, Melinda, Derek Byerlee, and Thom Jayne. "Maize Revolutions in Sub-Saharan Africa." In An African Green Revolution, 165–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5760-8_8.

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Atanga, Lilian Lem. "African feminism?" In Gender and Language in Sub-Saharan Africa, 301–14. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.33.20ata.

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Janson, Marloes. "Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History, 951–77. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sub Saharan African"

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Mkimbili, Selina. "Implementation of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of Education. Dar es Salaam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37759/ice01.2023.15.

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This paper reports the findings of a documentary review study that explored the conceptualisation and implementation of Inquiry-based Science Teaching (IBST) in selected Sub-Saharan countries: Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Rwanda, and Tanzania. IBST is crucial for fostering students’ engagement with critical thinking skills and acquiring knowledge. The study scrutinised 30 documents to answer four research questions: How does the inquiry-based science teaching conceptualised in the literatures of some Sub-Sahara African countries? What kinds of inquiry-based teaching do Sub-Saharan African countries under review practise? What challenges does the practice of inquiry-based science teaching face in Sub-Saharan African countries under review? What potentials of inquiry-based science teaching do literatures of sub-Saharan African countries under review highlight? The study used ATLAS.ti, a qualitative data analysis and research software to code, consolidate, and analyse information from the document review. The review found a discrepancy between curriculum statements and the reality on the ground. Even though curriculum documents in the studied countries prescribe IBST, the attendant practices were too insufficient to be effective and bring about the desired outcome. Moreover, teacher-centred rather than the student-based approach to teaching and recipe-based practical work dominated the science classroom session. To make matters worse, such an approach was largely undercut by contextual challenges such as limited resources, large classrooms, less competent teachers and examination-oriented teaching. Paradoxically, many of the reviewed articles focused mainly on the challenges to the implementation of IBST whilst overlooking the solutions to these hurdles. Indeed, there were insufficient studies focusing on the approaches that can 280 support students’ engagement with IBST amid contextual challenge of usually resource-poor countries. Thus, this study, calls for more research in sub-Saharan Africa to explore IBST potentiality for schools based on the prevailing contextual challenges.
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Nyamapfene, Abel, and Irene Magara. "Engineering ethics education for systemic change: a case for Sub-Saharan Africa." In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1360.

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Unlike in the West, engineering practice in Sub-Saharan Africa remains mired in corruption, ethical malpractice, poor ethics governance and lack of effective leadership. This situation has, and continues to, negatively impact national infrastructure, health, education, and economies across Sub-Saharan African countries. Non-ethical engineering practices continue to occur despite the existence of national ethics legislation in Sub–Saharan African countries, and despite codes of ethics underpinning business operations in most public and private sector organisations that employ engineers. This is also despite the existence of codes of conduct and ethics prescribing professional engineering practice that have been developed, and are policed, by national engineering institutions and regulators. Increasingly, engineering education providers have incorporated engineering ethics education in their curricula. However, despite this, Sub-Saharan African engineering graduates transitioning into employment still face significant difficulties in dealing with the myriads of ethical dilemmas they meet in their professional practice. In this study we set out to establish the current state of engineering ethics education in Sub-Saharan Africa, and to assess the thoughts of engineering educators and researchers in the region on how engineering ethics education can be improved.
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Fielies, A., and R. Africa. "Contourites and Mixed Depositional Systems along the South African Margin." In EAGE Sub-Saharan Africa Energy Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2024633019.

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Helland-Hansen, D., and E. Nerland. "Modern CSEM and Impact on African Exploration-from Girassol to Fieldwide Estimates of Saturation." In EAGE Sub-Saharan Africa Energy Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2024633022.

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Kedzierski, Y., T. Rives, and H. Zhou. "Predicting Viscosity in an Undrilled Panel of a Deep-Offshore West African Basin Field." In EAGE Sub-Saharan Africa Energy Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2024633016.

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Daynac, N. "RGT-Enabled Characterization of Rifted-Related or Salt-Controlled Turbidite Fairways: from Analogs to West African Margin Perspectives." In EAGE Sub-Saharan Africa Energy Forum. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2024633011.

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Kelechi, F. M., I. S. Ogbodo, J. A. Adah, A. A. Aribisala, and P. I. Akagbosu. "Achieving Sustainable Energy Transition; - What Works in Sub-Saharan Africa." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217226-ms.

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Abstract According to a United Nations report from November, 2022, the world population reached 8 billion for the first time in human history with 6.74 billion people living in low and middle - income countries (LMICs) and 1.3 billion living in developed countries. 53 of Africa's 54 countries fall under the former category. The population of Africa is estimated to be 1.4 billion with 1.17 billion in sub-Saharan Africa. Presently, 770 million people globally have no access to electricity mostly in Africa and Asia with 3.8 billion depending on solid fuels for cooking and other domestic uses. Data obtained from WHO reported that 568 million people in sub-Saharan Africa are living without access to electricity and clean energy. In developing nations, wood, charcoal, and dung are commonly used as traditional cooking fuels, with wood being the primary source of energy. The emission from these fuels in addition to those from fossil fuels further reduces the quality of air which causes ambient air pollution, a condition with adverse effects on human health. However, there are initiatives that have been adopted to alleviate the problems including the future expectation for global access to clean energy as conveyed in the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (goal number 7); the 2063 African Union Commission Agenda; the Paris Agreement at COP21; and the United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (SE4A). This paper reviews historical trends in energy usage in sub-Saharan Africa, the present conditions and status of development, across policy and technological prongs, in terms of the current energy transition. Furthermore, the paper seeks to highlight opportunities for future sustainable energy development across all sectors and businesses in order to provide energy to the 568 million without access in sub-Saharan Africa, while bearing in mind the environmental implications for the global population at large.
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Ugwu, Alvin U. "LOCATING EVIDENCES OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CURRICULAR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN AND SOUTH AFRICA." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2017). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2017.133.

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This research explores the integration of Education for Sustainable Development in the Science and Technology School Curriculum Documents of the Sub-Saharan African giant nations (Nigeria and South Africa) through a comparative analysis. The paper supports that Sustainable Development is a key in a present-day Science and Technology school curricula, given the global economic, social, cultural and environmental imperatives. The study suggests that science and technology curriculum should be a critical transformative tool towards integrating and fostering Sustainable Development in developing countries. Keywords: education for sustainable development, sustainable development, Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Bal, Harun, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman Esaa, and Esma Erdoğan. "The Foreign Debt and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02622.

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The growing levels of external debt in developing countries are increasingly a worldwide problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, where the expanding portfolio of foreign debts, debt servicing rates, and debt overhang cause alarm and global concern. The likelihood of relatively good outcomes of the interaction between external debt and economic growth is based on the government's attempts to maintain a sustainable debt-to-GDP ratio, a low budget deficit, and that the external debt is utilized primarily for capital investments. Under other conditions, the government would confront a circumstance in which accumulated foreign debt levels stifle economic progress, particularly when debt levels rise over time and are poorly managed. In this context, this study aims to examine the association between foreign debt and economic growth in Sub Sahara African countries during the period from 1980 to 2019. The study employed the Dynamic Panel Threshold Regression analysis to investigate the differential impact of foreign debt on economic growth below and above a threshold. The empirical results highlight the existence of a nonlinear relationship between foreign debt on economic growth above the debt threshold during the examined period. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; Sub Sahara African governments should use solid methods of generating domestic income to supplement outside sources of funding, such as the inclusion of domestic informal businesses on a shared cutting-edge platform to ensure successful domestic revenue collection.
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Sibiya, Cyncol Akani, Kingsley A. Ogudo, and Ereola J. Aladesanmi. "Electricity Theft in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review." In 2024 32nd Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference (SAUPEC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saupec60914.2024.10445075.

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Reports on the topic "Sub Saharan African"

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Van Biesebroeck, Johannes. Exporting Raises Productivity in Sub-Saharan African Manufacturing Plants. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10020.

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CIFOR. Contributing to African development through forests: strategy for engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/001774.

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Brice, Jeremy. Investment, power and protein in sub-Saharan Africa. Edited by Tara Garnett. TABLE, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/d8817170.

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The place of protein in sub-Saharan Africa’s food system is changing rapidly, raising complex international development, global health and environmental sustainability issues. Despite substantial growth in the region’s livestock agriculture sector, protein consumption per capita remains low, and high levels of undernourishment persist. Meanwhile sub-Saharan Africa’s population is growing and urbanising rapidly, creating expectations that demand for protein will increase rapidly over the coming decades and triggering calls for further investment in the expansion and intensification of the region’s meat and dairy sector. However, growing disquiet over the environmental impacts of further expansion in livestock numbers, and growing sales of alternative protein products in the Global North, has raised questions about the future place of plant-based, insect and lab-grown proteins in African diets and food systems. This report examines financial investment in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins from the position that investors play an important role in shaping the development of diets and food systems because they are able to mobilise the financial resources required to develop new protein products, infrastructures and value chains, or to prevent their development by withholding investment. It therefore investigates which actors are financing the production in sub-Saharan Africa of: a) animal proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products; b) ‘protein crops’ such as beans, pulses and legumes; and c) processed ‘alternative proteins’ derived from plants, insects, microbes or animal cells grown in a tissue culture. Through analysing investment by state, philanthropic and private sector organisations – as well as multilateral financial institutions such as development banks – it aims to establish which protein sources and stages of the value chain are financed by different groups of investors and to explore the values and goals which shape their investment decisions. To this end, the report examines four questions: 1. Who is currently investing in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa? 2. What goals do these investors aim to achieve (or what sort of future do they seek to bring about) through making these investments? 3. Which protein sources and protein production systems do they finance? 4. What theory of change links their investment strategy to these goals? In addressing these questions, this report explores what sorts of protein production and provisioning systems different investor groups might be helping to bring into being in sub-Saharan Africa. It also considers what alternative possibilities might be marginalised due to a lack of investment. It thus seeks to understand whose priorities, preferences and visions for the future of food might be informing the changing place of protein in the region’s diets, economies and food systems.
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Moore, Mick. Glimpses of Fiscal States in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.022.

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There is a widespread perception that taxing in sub-Saharan Africa has been and remains fraught with problems or government failure. This is not generally true. For more than a century, colonial administrations and independent states have steadily developed the capacity to routinely collect more substantial revenues than one might expect in a low-income region. The two main historical dimensions of this collection capacity were (a) powerful, centralized bureaucracies focused on achieving revenue collection targets and (b) large, taxable international trade sectors. In recent decades, those centralized bureaucracies have to some extent been reformed such that in structure and procedure they resemble more closely tax administrations in OECD countries. More strikingly, nearly all states have adopted VAT and found it to be a very powerful revenue collection instrument. However, the tax share of GDP has been broadly constant for several decades, and it will be hard to increase it. It is difficult for African governments to effectively tax transnational corporations, especially in the mining and energy sectors, which are of growing importance. Tax administrations continue to approach richer Africans with a light touch, and to exaggerate the potential for taxing small-scale (‘informal’) enterprises. The revenue operations of sub-national governments are often opaque. Ordinary people often pay large sums in ‘informal taxes’ that are generally regressive in impact. And the standard direction of travel in the reform of tax policy and administration is not appropriate to those large areas, especially in the Sahel, that are afflicted by internal and cross-border armed conflicts.
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Biddlecom, Ann, Richard Gregory, Cynthia Lloyd, and Barbara Mensch. Premarital sex and schooling transitions in four sub-Saharan African countries. Population Council, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1049.

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Danquah, Michael, Simone Schotte, and Kunal Sen. COVID-19 and employment: Insights from the sub-Saharan African experience. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wbn/2020-7.

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Ko, Paul I., Ryo Makioka, and Karim Nchare. Impact of trade and structural change on the sub-Saharan African economies. UNU-WIDER, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2023/412-0.

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Ek, Filippa, and Rasmus Kløcker Larsen. "We’re an afterthought" - Experiences of the deaf, blind, and deafblind in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.017.

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This brief provides insights about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on those who are deaf, blind, and deafblind living in four sub-Saharan African countries: Cameroon, Rwanda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
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Yildiz, Dilek, Arkadiusz Wiśniowski, Zuzanna Brzozowska, and Afua Durowaa-Boateng. A FLEXIBLE MODEL TO RECONSTRUCT EDUCATION-SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATES: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CASE. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003e65e0.

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The future world population growth and size will be largely determined by the pace of fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa. Correct estimates of education-specific fertility rates are crucial for projecting the future population. Yet, consistent crosscountry, comparable estimates of education-specific fertility for sub-Saharan African countries are still lacking. We propose a flexible Bayesian hierarchical model that reconstructs education-specific fertility rates by combining the patchy Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data and the United Nations’ (UN) reliable estimates of total fertility rates (TFR). Our model produces estimates that match the UN TFR to different extents (in other words, estimates of varying levels of consistency with the UN). We present three model specifications: Consistent but not identical with the UN; fully-consistent (nearly identical) with the UN, and consistent with the DHS. Further, we provide a full time series of education-specific TFR estimates covering five-year periods between 1980 and 2014 for 36 sub-Saharan African countries. The results show that the DHS-consistent estimates are usually higher than the UN-fully-consistent ones. The differences between the three model estimates vary substantially in size across countries, yielding 1980–2014 fertility trends that diverge from each other—mostly in level only, but also sometimes in direction.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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