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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sub-surface profile

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sub-surface profile'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sub-surface profile"

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KIM, DONG-YEOL, HAK-JOON KIM, SUNG-JIN SONG, and SUNG D. KWON. "EVALUATION OF SUB-SURFACE MATERIAL PROPERTIES USING MINIMUM REFLECTION PROFILES METHOD." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 11 (2008): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908015711.

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Backscattered Rayleigh waves from the surface and/or sub-surface of specimens can be changed by scatterers such as micro-cracks, grain boundaries and surface roughness as well as by variations in material properties. In fact, rough surface generates higher energy of backscattered Rayleigh wave than smooth one. So, it is strongly needed to have a quantitative method to evaluate the variation of material properties only. To address such a need, we propose a new method, named as "minimum reflection profile" which measures energy variation of reflected waves from the surface of specimens as changi

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Wahid, Nur Syahirah, Norihan Md Arifin, Mustafa Turkyilmazoglu, Mohd Ezad Hafidz Hafidzuddin, and Nor Aliza Abd Rahmin. "MHD Hybrid Cu-Al₂O₃/ Water Nanofluid Flow with Thermal Radiation and Partial Slip Past a Permeable Stretching Surface: Analytical Solution." Journal of Nano Research 64 (November 2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.64.75.

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The influence of velocity slip and thermal radiation effects on the magnetohydrodynamic hybrid Cu-Al2O3/water nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet is reported in this paper. The similarity transformation is adopted to reduce the partial differential equations to the ordinary differential equations. Exact analytical method is implemented to solve the problem. Maple program is used to facilitate the calculation process. The new additional effects which are the velocity slip and thermal radiation effects are considered towards the model to scrutinize the impacts. The effects of variou

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Invernizzi, Laurent, Nader Sadeghi, Florent P. Sainct, and Philippe Guillot. "Study of He + 0.2% O₂ plasma jet impinging on liquid surface from He(2³S₁) metastable atoms density measurements." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (2022): 035002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac4e21.

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Abstract This work presents spatial variations of the helium He(23S1) metastable atom absolute densities in a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure in He + 0.2% O2 gas mixture impinging on a liquid target. The plasma jet is ignited with 6 kV pulses of 2.5 μs duration and 8 ns rise and fall times at 20 kHz repetition rate. Streamers are created in both rising and falling fronts of the high voltage (HV). From Abel inversion of the line averaged absorbance of 1083 nm helium line, measured by laser absorption spectroscopy, the radial profiles of He(23S1) density along the plasma jet are deduced in tw

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Kang, W. T., M. N. Derani, and M. M. Ratnam. "Effect of Vibration on Surface Roughness in Finish Turning: Simulation Study." International Journal of Simulation Modelling 19, no. 4 (2020): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2507/ijsimm19-4-531.

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This paper presents the results of simulation analyses carried out to investigate the effect of adding controlled vibration of varying amplitudes and frequencies onto simulated workpiece profiles on surface roughness. The surface profiles were generated using the nose edge image of a real cutting tool insert at various stages of wear. The invariant moment sub-pixel edge detection method was used to extract the precise tool nose profile. The extracted nose profile was duplicated 20 times to generate the simulated workpiece profile. Vibration signals in the form of sine waves of amplitudes 0 to

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Lindsey, Kevin, Stuart T. Smith, and Colin J. Robbie. "Sub-Nanometre Surface Texture and Profile Measurement with NANOSURF 2." CIRP Annals 37, no. 1 (1988): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61691-6.

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Dartnell, L. R., L. Desorgher, J. M. Ward, and A. J. Coates. "Martian sub-surface ionising radiation: biosignatures and geology." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 1 (2007): 455–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-455-2007.

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Abstract. The surface of Mars, unshielded by thick atmosphere or global magnetic field, is exposed to high levels of cosmic radiation. This ionizing radiation field is deleterious to the survival of dormant cells or spores and the persistence of molecular biomarkers in the subsurface, and so its characterisation is of prime astrobiological interest. Previous research has attempted to address the question of biomarker persistence by inappropriately using dose profiles weighted specifically for cellular survival. Here, we present modelling results of the unmodified physically absorbed radiation

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Rahman, A. Azizur, Emroj Hossian, Hetal Vaishnav, Jayesh B. Parmar, Arnab Bhattacharya, and Arun Sarma. "Synthesis and characterization of Cu3SbS4 thin films grown by co-sputtering metal precursors and subsequent sulfurization." Materials Advances 1, no. 9 (2020): 3333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00574f.

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X-ray diffraction profile, Raman and optical absorption spectra, and surface morphology of phase-pure Cu<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub> films grown at 425 °C by co-sputtering metal precursors and subsequent sulfurization.

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Lekiah, Pedro Peekate, and John Ugboma Chukwuemeka. "Application of foaming capacity as response value in optimization of biosurfactant production." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 4, no. 2 (2020): 023–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4319477.

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Equipment for determination of surface tension (ST) which is the response value often used during biosurfactant optimization are not readily available in many laboratories. Foaming capacity (FC) was thus investigated as response value during biosurfactant optimization. Thirteen variations of glycerol-mineral salts medium were used to culture <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. for biosurfactant production and optimization. Variations in the medium were based on pH, carbon-nitrogen (C-N) and carbon-phosphorus (C-P) ratio. Inoculated media were incubated at ambient temperature with orbital shakin

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Aras, Eyyup. "Tracing sub-surface swept profiles of tapered toroidal end mills between level cuts." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 4 (2019): 629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.04.003.

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Abstract Development of closed-form solutions and algorithms for constructing sub-surface swept profiles (SWP) of toroidal and conical bodies is presented in this paper. While the problem of identifying the entire SWP of such surfaces has been extensively investigated in extant studies, construction of subsurface SWPs has rarely been addressed despite the subject being of great significance to machining process employing nonstandard-shaped NC tools. Torus shapes considered in extant literature are restricted to the fourth quadrant of a tube cross section. In industrial applications, however, p

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H S, Nithin, Pradeep D G, Nishchitha K M, Mahantayya Mathapati, Chikodi ., and Anand Babu K. "Comparative study on high temperature oxidation behaviour of CoCrAlY coatings by various reinforcement composition profile analysis." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 12A (2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/30104.

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In this article, high temperature oxidation behaviour of plasma sprayed carbides and oxides reinforced composite CoCrAlY coatings were investigated at 700°C. CoCrAlY was reinforced with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+YSZ, CeO<sub>2</sub>, WC-Co, Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>-NiCr individually to produce four different coatings. SEM, EDS and XRD are used to analyze the oxide scales formed during oxidation process on the coatings surface. From the results it is found that, all these coatings exhibited parabolic weight gain nature, indicating

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sub-surface profile"

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Gordon, Michael Oliver. "Non-destructive investigation of surface and sub-surface road pavement profiles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13938.

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Chandran, Deepu. "Subsurface Profiling of Shallow Bedrock Sites by Integrated Approach and Site-specific 2d Site Response Analysis." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5410.

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Estimation of reliable site effects and amplifications are important for seismic design. There are several 1D and 2D large scale site response analyses were reported in the literature and very limited shallow bedrock small scale 2D site responses were carried out. Hence in this study, an attempt has been made to generate the small-scale subsurface profiles in 2D using an integrated geophysical approach and a site-specific 2D nonlinear site response analysis at selected shallow bedrock sites in Peninsular India. Tarapur, Kalpakkam, Bangalore, Hampi, and Vizag are the shallow bedrock sites selec

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Zheng, Yan Zong, and 鄭燕宗. "Depth profiles with sub-picometer resolution of the interfacial strains of Si0.7Ge0.3/Si using three-beam Bragg-surface diffraction." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48080323156946303299.

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博士<br>國立清華大學<br>物理系<br>104<br>For nano-semiconductor devices, how to enhance the device performance is one of the main goals of the semiconductor industries. As many devices are composed of thin-film systems in nano-scale, the carrier mobility would be directly governed by the strain of the thin film systems. The phenomenon could be applied to the strain-engineering [1-4] processes, which use the strain to improve the device performance and yet broaden their application [6]. Consequently, the strain is one of the important factors to the performeance of the device. However, the conventional me

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Books on the topic "Sub-surface profile"

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Doucas, George. Smith-Purcell Radiation. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198951360.001.0001.

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Abstract Smith–Purcell radiation is the name given to the radiation produced when a charged particle beam, usually electrons, passes close to the surface of a metallic grating. The wavelength of the emitted radiation depends on the period of the grating and on the angle of observation. This makes this phenomenon a very useful tuneable source of radiation in the far-infrared (or THz) part of the spectrum, where tuneable sources are scarce. Moreover, a spectral analysis of the radiation can be used to reconstruct the time profile of the very short (picosecond or sub-picosecond) electron bunches

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Book chapters on the topic "Sub-surface profile"

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Bilgin Ö. "Soil-structure interaction for sheet pile walls considering ground surface and sub-wall soil conditions." In Advances in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-464-0-273.

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The current design practice of sheet pile walls are based on horizontal force and moment equilibrium using active and passive earth pressures. The methods consider soils only in direct contact with the wall to determine the pressures, and do not take into account the effect of existing ground surface profile and conditions below the wall. However, the initial ground and sub-wall soil conditions affect the wall behavior and deformations. The effect of ground conditions and varying sub-wall soil conditions on the behavior of sheet pile walls are presented in this paper.

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"Potential of Bio-Inspiration in 3- and 4-D Printing." In Inspiration and Design for Bio-Inspired Surfaces in Tribology. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1647-8.ch009.

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This chapter explores the potential of bio-inspiration in 3- and 4-D printing. The authors argue that the true potential of texturing hasn't been realized yet not because of the lack of enabling texturing technologies but because of the severe lack of detailed information about the functional details of texturing in a tribological situation, that is, how surface features, their geometry, interact with the functional gradients present within the subsurface layers to control the friction profile of a structure. The material emphasizes the potential of bio-inspired surfaces in providing a pathway for realizing true synchronization of function through a layer-by-layer customization of surface and subsurface material. In particular the chapter discusses methodologies to extract design parameters that lead to manifesting 4-D printed tribological constructs where surface and sub-surfaces respond optimally to external stimulants represented by the operation conditions of load, speed, and ambient temperature. Successful design of functional deterministic surfaces is not a product of mere biomimicry. Rather, it culminates probing the geometry, texture, form, and construction of the bio-analogue and linking these ingredients to the desired functional profile of the surface in the human engineering domain, that is, generation of bio-inspired functional surface designs stems from implementing design rules rather than replication of natural constructions. Deduction of design rules requires decoding the metrological features and the analysis of surface performance, of bio-analogues using standardized engineering methods. Success in designing a bio-inspired surface, therefore, requires a trans-disciplinary approach that combines engineering, physics, and biology. These don't combine naturally since they entail different methodologies of problem solving and investigations. It is hoped that this book would bridge the gap between the disciplines in the context of biomimetic surface design and construction. Further, it is hoped that the material would equip the reader with the basic skills needed to navigate between the biological and the engineering domains.

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Shukla, Pavan K., and Sandeep Naraian. "Under-Deposit Corrosion in a Sub-Sea Water Injection Pipeline—A Case Study." In Case Studies in Corrosion Failures. AMPP, Association for Materials Protection and Performance15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX 77084, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/37692-ch17.

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Abstract Under-deposit corrosion represents one of the most damaging forms of corrosion to the piping system in oil and gas pipelines. It is one of the most critical phenomena leading to pipeline failures, and can occur in sub-sea water injection pipelines, well-fluid pipelines, and large diameter transmission lines. Under-deposit corrosion is typically very aggressive and localized, causing deep penetration of the metal surface with lesser general corrosion in the surrounding areas, due to surface deposits, electrical imbalances or some other initiating mechanisms. In some cases of under-deposit corrosion, pitting is extended throughout the entire metal surface giving it an irregular or very rough surface profile. In other instances, pits are concentrated in specific areas leaving the majority or the metal surface in like-new condition. Microbiologically influenced corrosion is also associated with under-deposit corrosion and may be associated with the development of internal deposits within the piping system. Presence of microbial bacterial population can produce an acidic environment helping to corrode the metal piping at highly accelerated rates exceeding 1.9 mm/yr [75 mils/yr]. This paper pertains to a study of an API 5L X-60, Carbon steel, injection water pipeline, which failed prematurely in 4 years after commissioning due to under-deposit corrosion. A detailed study was carried out to investigate the failure causes; this included pipeline material constitution, injection water parameters such as suspended solids, turbidity, microbial counts of sulphate reducing bacteria, dissolved oxygen levels, iron contents, pigging operation, chemical addition (ammonium bi-sulphite – oxygen scavenger) and use of water injection corrosion Inhibitor. An event sequence leading to the pipeline failure was proposed.

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Bouassida Mounir. "Rigid inclusions in sand formation resting on compressible clay." In Proceedings of the 15th African Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-778-9-175.

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A typical soil profile composed by relatively thick sand layer resting on very thick compressible clay layer is considered. In such geotechnical condition the construction of very high embankments induces unallowable consolidation settlement. Then a novel foundation system is suggested by installing floating rigid inclusions in the upper sand layer so that skin friction and tip components will develop along the inclusion as reaction to the concentrated vertical load applied on capped mini slabs. For the design it will be of interest to determine the optimum length of rigid inclusions and spacing to come up with negligible settlement at surface of the sub clayey layers. The analytical prediction of bearing of bearing capacity of rigid inclusions in sand formation is presented. The consolidation settlement of clayey layers is estimated.

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Nseka, Denis, Vincent Kakembio, Frank Mugagga, et al. "Implications of Soil Properties on Landslide Occurrence in Kigezi Highlands of South Western Uganda." In Landslides. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99865.

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Generally, soil characteristics have a significant influence on landslide occurrence. This issue has, however, not yet been adequately analysed in Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda. In this study, soil properties such as dispersion, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, shear strength and clay mineralogy were analysed to establish their contribution to the spatial distribution of landslides in Kigezi highlands. The results demonstrate that deep soil profiles ranging between 2.5 and 7 meters were dominated by clay-pans at a depth between 0.75 and 3 meters. Although the uppermost surface horizons of the soil profile are loamy sand, the clay content is more than 35% especially in the sub soil. This suggests that the soil materials are Vertic in nature. In addition, the upper soil layers predominantly contain quartz, while subsurface horizons have considerable amounts of illite as the dominant clay minerals, ranging from 43–47%. The average liquid limit and plasticity index was 58.43% and 33.3% respectively. Besides, high average computed weighted plasticity index (28.4%) and expansiveness (38.6%) were obtained. These soil characteristics have great implication on the timing and nature of landslide processes in the study area. A change in soil material due to varying moisture content is thought to be a major trigger of landslides in Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda. This understanding of soil characteristics is a key step in mitigating landslide hazards in the area.

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K. C, Rajarajeshwari, Saravanakumar N, Poornima T, and Gokul Anand K. R. "ANTENNA TRENDS IN THz COMMUNICATION." In Futuristic Trends in Network & Communication Technologies Volume 3 Book 2. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bgnc2p10ch5.

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Terahertz range lies between microwave band (<100GHz) to far Infra-Red band (>10THz) range. The actual range of Terahertz is 0.3 to 3THz and the radiation occurs about 1millimeter, hence called as sub-millimetre band/wave which are usually short wavelengths. Normal antenna designs can be made as per our requirement, but coming to THz antenna the case is entirely different. It has to be designed, constructed, and fabricated with lot of limitations and constraints. They have many challenges related to high performance like high data rates (Tbps), proper spectrum allocation, high gain, high bandwidth, compact (sub mm size), low profile, low cost, uninterrupted data transfer, suppressed buffer, improved latency etc... Usually, horn antennas give better performance compared to all antenna structures because of its properties like low losses, high radiation, etc... Many horn antennas like diagonal horn, Pickett potter horn, corrugated horn is used for their high efficiency nature. Many other antennas like lens antenna, rectangular horn, conical horn, micro strip antenna, planar antennas, reflector antennas and arrays can be used. Another mainly used antenna type is Photo conductive antenna (PCA), Bow tie antennas because of their prolific nature. Coming to simulation process which is mandatory before fabrication we have to choose proper software’s with that much memory to support THz range. Some common software’s to simulate THz antennas are HFSS, CST studio, Ads, etc... Substrates usually used are Fr-4, Rogers-5880 and when it comes to THz antenna special attention must be given to substrates also. Some commonly used substrates for THz antennas are meta-materials, Resonant Graphene (for its conductivity), meta/mesa surface antenna, GaAs, InGaAs/InAlAs. Since these antennas are miniature sized, portable they find various applications like body antenna, defence sector and bio medical. Finally, there is need for improvement in antenna structures with accurate main lobes and suppressed side lobes. MIMO can also be used for THz to overcome losses, improving gain, confined directivity, long distance radiation [1].

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Pinchuk, Nataliia. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF PVD COATINGS TIN, TI/TIN AND TIN-MON." In The scientific paradigm in the context of technological development and social change. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-297-5-19.

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Nanocomposite coatings represent a new generation of mate-rials and they consist of at least two phases with a nanocrystalline and/or amorphous structure. They have a lot of unique properties, the appear-ance of which is associated with a high volume fraction of phase boundar-ies, with the strength of these boundaries, with the absence of dislocations inside crystals. The purpose of the paper analysis of the reasons for the observed changes, based on the mechanism of formation of surface lay-ers of vacuum-arc coatings under the condition of implantation processes stimulated by applying a negative potential to the substrate. Methodology. All samples were obtained using modern coating methods on a modernized "Bulat-6" installation. Cross section imagines were carried out by meth-ods of optical, electron microscopy. Structure of the samples was studied using a "DRON-3M" instrument in Cu-Kα radiation. Separation of diffrac-tion profiles was carried out using the "New profile". Mechanical tests of materials were performed in the mode of microindentation. Results. At all schemes of deposition of TiN coatings, a single-phase state with an fcc lattice is formed. As the displacement potential increases, a transition from [100] to [111] texture is observed. In multilayer nanostructured TiN/Ti coat-ings, a texture develops in titanium nitride layers with a thickness of 300 nm or more when a displacement potential is applied [111]. The thickness of the Ti layers of more than 30 nm is sufficient for the development of the stress-strain state in the TiN layers without their significant relaxation. When the displacement potential increases, the macrostress of the compression in the titanium nitride layers of TiN increases. It was established that epitaxial growth of isostructural cubic modifications of titanium nitride and molybdenum nitride without the formation of a two-phase state is possible with a small thickness of layers in the TiN-Mo2N multilayer system (≈2 nm). At a greater thickness, a two-phase material is formed, where the second phase is high-temperature molybdenum nitride γ-Mo2N with a cubic lattice, which is isostructural to titanium nitride. Practical implications. The final properties of nanocrystalline coatings such as the size and orientation of the grains, the structure strongly depend on the technological parameters of deposition – ion bombardment, shear potential, temperature of the sub-strate, flow density and energy of the precipitating ions, therefore, in order to achieve the desired results in each specific case, it is necessary to strive for optimization of the process deposition of coatings. Value/originality. A possible mechanism for the formation of micro- and nanostructured lay-ered condensates under conditions of continuous influence of condensation of accelerated particles of the deposited flow is proposed. At the same time, the surface is subject to bombardment, which is based on radiation-stim-ulated processes of redistribution of elements of the deposited flow and structural defects of the coating material that is formed.

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Shunmugavel, Manikandakumar, Ashwin Polishetty, Moshe Goldberg, Rajkumar Prasad Singh, and Guy Littlefair. "Tool Wear and Surface Integrity Analysis of Machined Heat Treated Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V." In 3D Printing. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1677-4.ch012.

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In this study, the tool wear and surface integrity during machining of wrought and Selective Laser Melted (SLM) titanium alloy (after heat treatment) are studied. Face turning trails were carried out on both the materials at different cutting speeds of 60,120 and 180 m/min. Cutting tools and machined specimens collected are characterized using scanning electron microscope, surface profiler and optical microscope to study the tool wear, machined surface quality and machining induced microstructural alterations. It was found that high cutting speeds lead to rapid tool wear during machining of SLM Ti-6Al-4V materials. Rapid tool wear observed at high cutting speeds in machining SLM Ti-6Al-4V resulted in damaging the surface integrity by 1) Deposition of chip/work material on the machined surface giving rise to higher surface roughness and 2) Increasing the depth of plastic deformation on the machined sub surface.

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Gupta, H. K., G. S. Mittal, S. K. Verma, et al. "Integrated G3 Investigations in Antarctica." In Geoscientific Investigations From the Indian Antarctic Program. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4078-0.ch005.

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CSIR-NGRI has been carrying out integrated G3 investigations in Antarctica since the second IAE. The geophysical studies of the initial 25 years of IAE included surface and helicopter-borne magnetic, EM, seismic, gravity, and paleomagnetic surveys. A total of 60 line-km magnetic profiles over the ice-shelf revealed the magnetic characteristics of the bedrock beneath the ice cover. Based on these and in conjunction with the early seismic studies, a crustal structural model was evolved. Secondary sulfide mineralisation near a suspected fissure zone in Schirmacher Oasis (SO) was inferred. It was based on the multi-frequency EM and radiometric measurements. The helicopter-borne magnetic N-S profiles over an area of 100x100sq.km with a spacing of about 3.0 km between SO and Wohlthat Mountains (WM) yielded gross features of sub-glacial topography nunataks (exposed peaks of sub-glacial hills).

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Lee Jong-Sub, Santamarina J. Carlos, Li Zhihua, and Kutter Bruce L. "Geophysical process monitoring in scaled models." In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-711.

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Soil characterization and process monitoring in small-scale tests such as 1g models, shake table and centrifuge models can be effectively conducted with complementary elastic and electromagnetic waves. Small changes in P-wave impedance permit developing P-wave reflection imaging. Its implementation using ultrasound in small-scale soil models is attained by optimizing the operating frequency and selecting the proper transducers. The technique permits detecting layers and inclusions in submerged soils with sub-millimeter resolution. S-wave velocity depends on the shear stiffness of the skeleton. Shear wave propagation gains particular relevance in the characterization of uncemented soils where stiffness is stress dependent. Bender elements are excellent transducers for S-waves due to their outstanding soil-transducer coupling and their high frequency response. The installation can be designed to gather tomographic data. The electrical conductivity of a soil depends on the conductivity of the pore fluid, porosity and the soil specific surface. High-resolution electrical resistivity profiles are determined using an electrical needle probe. These profiles provide detailed information regarding the spatial variability of the soil mass with millimeter resolution. Resistivity measurements are extended to noninvasive electrical resistance tomography to produce images that correlate to density distribution, contaminant concentration, and/or anomaly detection.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sub-surface profile"

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Shukla, Pavan K., and Sandeep Naraian. "Under-Deposit Corrosion in a Sub-Sea Water Injection Pipeline — a Case Study." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-08973.

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Abstract Under-deposit corrosion represents one of the most damaging forms of corrosion to the piping system in oil and gas pipelines. It is one of the most critical phenomena leading to pipeline failures, and can occur in sub-sea water injection pipelines, well-fluid pipelines, and large diameter transmission lines. Under-deposit corrosion is typically very aggressive and localized, causing deep penetration of the metal surface with lesser general corrosion in the surrounding areas, due to surface deposits, electrical imbalances or some other initiating mechanisms. In some cases of under-depo

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Allen, Cory. "Electronic Inspection Equipment for a Field Painting Project." In SSPC 2018. SSPC, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2018-00002.

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Abstract Inspection of coating applications is more efficient and effective by the use of electronic equipment, which can store, transmit, and populate inspection reports with data. Field collection of inspection data points by manual note taking is being replaced with instruments that can capture and record metal thickness, coating film thickness, surface profile depth, surface contamination, environmental conditions, gloss levels of coatings, and adhesive pull-off strength of coatings. Electronic collection of data produces more accurately and statistically complete information than manual c

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Hughes, Trevor L., Jennifer Duboue, Evgeny Barmatov, Jill Geddes, and Ling Li. "Contact & Optical Profilometry for Quantitative Characterization of Pitting Corrosion." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4249.

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Abstract This study compares methods based on contact profilometry and optical profilometry (3D microscopy) in terms of their ability to provide a quantitative characterization of pitting corrosion on a series of test coupons prepared from duplex steel (2205) oilfield casing. The test coupons were exposed to a series of oilfield acidizing formulations for 3 hours at 78°C. The formulations contained 4mol/L hydrochloric acid and increasing concentrations of the acid corrosion inhibitor naphthylmethylquinolinium chloride (4-30mmol/L). A sub-set of the fluids also contained potassium iodide. After

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Ubedulla, Shaik Saheb, Michael Maclurg, R. S. Negi, A. Menon, and D. Bota. "Retrofitting Conventional Wells With Sub-Surface Safety Valve Without a Rig." In Mediterranean Offshore Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/223242-ms.

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Abstract It is widely accepted that the absence of safety valves in the completion tubing compromises operational integrity, exposing operators to potentially severe consequences. This underscores the need for robust safety measures. In the past, a workover was the only way to tackle this problem. The technique we have developed effectively addresses this challenge. Coupled with a penetration point at the wellhead, this system employs a retrievable packer with a safety valve giving the flexibility for the Safety Valve to be retrofitted at any depth within the tubing. The implementation of this

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Ahmad, Zeeshan, Abdullah Alhaj Al Hosini, Mohammed Ibrahim Al Janahi, et al. "Integrity Challenges and Restoration of Sub-Surface Safety Valves by Innovative Rigless Techniques." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211192-ms.

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Abstract Sub-surface safety valves are the integral critical part of the well integrity management and their functionality cannot be compromised at any stage of well life. Unavailability of SSSV's due to integrity issues company was facing serious challenges in production and well availability during high gas demand. Moreover, workover solution led to 7-8 months for completion of workover and reinstatement of surface facilities. In this paper, case studies of different integrity related problems with sub-surface valves discussed and extensive study conducted to restore the critical sub-surface

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Zhang, Xueping, Shenfeng Wu, and C. Richard Liu. "Hook Shaped Residual Stress: The Effect of Tool Ploughing, and the Analysis of the Mechanical and Thermal Effects." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7220.

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To investigate the unique hook-shaped residual stress profile generated from hard turning process, an improved orthogonal (2-D) Finite Element (FE) model is established to include the ploughing effect of cutting edge. The model is further decomposed into two FE sub-models (sub-model 1 and sub-model 2) to determine the thermal and mechanical effects on the residual stress profiles by saw-tooth chip formation process and honed-edge ploughing process respectively. The two FE sub-models are sequentially adopted to evaluate the compression effect induced by chip formation process and ploughing effe

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Alcock, Simon G., Kawal J. S. Sawhney, and Stewart Scott. "Recent upgrades to the Diamond-NOM: A slope measuring profiler capable of characterizing the surface profile of large optics with sub-nanometer repeatability." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Lahsen Assoufid, Peter Z. Takacs, and Anand K. Asundi. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.861623.

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Chen, Jiao, Yuan Li, Jianfeng Yu, and Wenbin Tang. "Profile Tolerances Modeling: A Unified Framework for Representing Geometric Variations for Line Profiles." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51154.

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Tolerance modeling is the most basic issue in Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT). It will negatively influence the performance of subsequent activities such as tolerance analysis to a great extent if the resultant model cannot accurately represent variations in tolerance zone. According to ASME Y14.5M Standard [1], there is a class of profile tolerances for lines and surfaces which should also be interpreted correctly. Aim at this class of tolerances, the paper proposes a unified framework called DOFAS for representing them which composed of three parts: a basic DOF (Degrees of Freedom) model fo

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Zhang, Qiongyi, and Junhua Sun. "An adaptive fringe projection method for measuring three-dimensional profile of surface with high reflectivity using sub-pixel coordinate mapping." In Conference on Infrared Device and Infrared Technology, edited by Zelin Shi, HaiMei Gong, and Jin Lu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2606214.

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Hirasawa, Shigeki, Yoko Saito, Tatsuyuki Saito, and Hizuru Yamaguchi. "Flow Profile Simulation of Heated Copper Films on Substrates With Micro-Trenches." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0651.

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Abstract It is important that copper films fill the sub-micron trenches on silicon substrates in order to produce high-density electronic devices. In this paper, changes of the copper film profiles in trenches on silicon substrates during the reflow process were numerically calculated by 2- and 3-dimensional analyses. Calculation results from a model of atomic surface diffusion in a thin layer on the film were similar to experimental results. The relationship between the change of the film profile and the geometric parameters was determined. The results show that a uniform and thick initial fi

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Reports on the topic "Sub-surface profile"

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Blais-Stevens, A., A. Castagner, A. Grenier, and K D Brewer. Preliminary results from a subbottom profiling survey of Seton Lake, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332277.

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Seton Lake is a freshwater fiord located in southwestern British Columbia, roughly 4 km west of Lillooet and 250 km north-northeast of Vancouver. Located in the Coast Mountains, it is an alpine lake about 22-km long and roughly 1-1.5 km wide. It is separated from nearby Anderson Lake, located to the west, by a large pre-historic rock avalanche deposit at Seton Portage. The lake stands at about 243 m above sea level and is up to about 150 m deep (BC gov., 1953). Water level is controlled by a hydroelectric dam (i.e., Seton dam) located at the eastern end of the lake. Here, the lake drains east

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Christensen, Steen. Documentation of Edcrop – version 1: A Python package to simulate field-scale evapotranspiration and drainage from crop, wetland, or forest. Royal Danish Library, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.539.

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Evapotranspiration is one of the major components of Earth’s Water Balance, being the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the land and ocean surface. This report documents edcrop, a Python package that use climate input to simulate field-scale evapotranspiration and drainage from the root zone of an area covered with a crop, a wetland, or a forest. The conceptual model implemented in edcrop is a modification of the Evacrop model by Olesen and Heidmann (2002), which itself builds on the Watcros model by Aslyng and Hansen (1982). The edcrop conceptualization is based on consideration

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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province con

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Wallach, Rony, Tammo Steenhuis, Ellen R. Graber, David DiCarlo, and Yves Parlange. Unstable Flow in Repellent and Sub-critically Repellent Soils: Theory and Management Implications. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592643.bard.

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Water repellency causes unstable wetting fronts that result in water moving in preferential flowpaths through homogeneous soils as well in structured soils where macropores enhance the preferential flow pattern. Water repellency is typically associated with extended water ponding on the soil surface, but we have found that repellency is important even before the water ponds. Preferential flow fingers can form under conditions where the contact angle is less than 90o, but greater than 0o. This means that even when the soil is considered wettable (i.e., immediate penetration of water), water dis

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Limoges, A., A. Normandeau, J. B R Eamer, et al. 2022William-Kennedy expedition: Nunatsiavut Coastal Interaction Project (NCIP). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332085.

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The accelerating Arctic cryosphere decline severely impacts the land on which northern communities live through the presence of coastal and marine geohazards and coastal erosion, which further places the cultural heritage of coastal archaeological sites at risks. Sea ice decline also compromises the formation of polynyas, with unknown consequences for the regional ecosystems. From the 10th to the 18th of July 2022, a scientific cruise onboard the research vessel William-Kennedy allowed the collection of a suite of samples and data from the marine coastal environment of Nain, Nunatsiavut. In to

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