Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subcentre

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Subcentre'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subcentre"

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Sick Nielsen, Thomas A. "The Role of Subcentres for Commuting and Non-Work Travel Distances and Modes in the Copenhagen Metropolitan Region." Built Environment 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.45.4.462.

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Understanding the functional geography of the metropolitan region, and developing location criteria for smart growth, requires analysis of subcentres and their effects. Subcentres were identified in the Copenhagen area based on spatial analysis of micro-level employment and retail data. Subcentres' effects on transport in addition to regional centrality were studied with regression analysis of work and nonwork travel behaviour data. Distance to employment subcentres with a minimum of 10,000 jobs and distance to subcentres identi fied from retail data and having a minimum of 400 retail jobs affects residents' daily travel distance and/or transport modes. A short distance to a subcentre allows for shorter daily travel distances and, in the case of retail subcentres, for a higher probability of using public transport or walking/cycling. However, the effects of subcentres are well below the still strong and significant effect of regional centrality upon travel distances as well as mode choice.
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Patil, D. J., and M. M. Shindhe. "Nutritional status assessment of elderly using MNA tool in rural Belagavi: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4799. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184572.

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Background: Worldwide the elderly population gradually increasing and that will definitely pose several challenges. Malnutrition is one of the major but neglected problem in elderly. They are at risk of malnutrition due to physical, psychological, social, dietary and environmental risk factors. Malnutrition in elderly is associated with adverse health effects. Hence to study the nutritional status of elderly.Methods: The study was carried out between January 2016- June 2017. 545 elderly were included in the study. Out of the 6 subcentres, 1 subcentre (Uchagaon) was selected by simple random sampling technique and house to house survey was carried out to select eligible elderly participants in the villages of selected subcentre. Data was collected from eligible elderly by using mini nutritional assessment (MNA) tool.Results: Majority of the participants (65.1%) were between the age group of 60-69 years. 55% were females. 23.5% were malnourished, 49% were at risk of malnutrition and 27.5% had normal nutritional status.Conclusions: The present study concluded that majority of the elderly were at risk of malnutrition. There is a need of actions to improve the nutritional status of the elderly.
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Duquet, Benjamin, and Cédric Brunelle. "Subcentres as Destinations: Job Decentralization, Polycentricity, and the Sustainability of Commuting Patterns in Canadian Metropolitan Areas, 1996–2016." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 9966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239966.

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Adopting more sustainable modes of transportation and shorter daily commutes remains a fundamental challenge in the struggle for the sustainable transition of cities. While past studies on the sustainability of commuting behaviours partly focused on the place of residence and how the characteristics of commuters or residential neighbourhoods impact sustainable travel, other studies looked at the place of employment to analyze these dynamics. In this study, we investigate the extent to which the recent phase of the rise of peripheral employment has promoted more sustainable travel behaviour, based on the hypothesis that polycentricity has recently favoured a better job–housing balance and co-location. We develop a general typology of employment centres, using Census microdata at fine spatial scale over the 1996–2016 period to observe commuting modes and distances by subcentre types for six major Canadian cities. Our results show that despite recent developments in planning practices—transit-oriented development, transport infrastructure, and changing travel behaviour, the emergence of peripheral subcentres promoted less sustainable commuting patterns in most Canadian metropolitan areas over the period. However, we find sustainable commuting emerging in subcentres where large public transport infrastructure investments have been made, such as in the case of Vancouver’s Millennium and Canada lines. Our study also shows that central business districts (CBDs) and downtown subcentres are becoming relatively more sustainable over the period, which confirms the positive effect of the back-to-the-city movement and changing behaviour toward active transportation in these locations.
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G., Sugunadevi. "Quality of antenatal care services at subcentres: an infrastructure, process and outcome evaluation in a district in Tamil Nadu." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 4071. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174647.

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Background: Quality of care is a priority concern all over the world and all the countries are trying to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their health care delivery systems. Recognizing the potential to improve the reproductive health status in developing countries, quality of care in reproductive health field has been the priority area of research by WHO.Methods: This study assesses the quality of antenatal care services delivered at subcentre level by comparing with the recommended Structural attributes, Process attributes and Initial outcome attributes. By simple random sampling, ten subcentres under three Block Primary Health Centres in Coimbatore district were included in the study.Results: On observing the quality of client-provider interaction, most of the women were treated with dignity (98.5%), but there were deficiencies in examination for pallor (19.2%), pedal edema (18.5%) and pulse (10.6%) which is very critical for good antenatal care. The exit interview revealed that most clients (98.6%) were satisfied with the antenatal care.Conclusions: The findings of this quality assessment study provide information about training needs for improving the quality of service and serves as a baseline data on status before implementing NRHM.
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M. Fuentes, César, and Vladimir Hernández. "La evolución espacial de los subcentros de empleo en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (1994-2004): un análisis con indicadores de autocorrelación espacial global y local / The Spatial Evolution of Employment Subcenters in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (1994-2004): An Analysis Using Global and Local Spatial Autocorrelation Indicators." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 30, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v30i2.1480.

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El objetivo del artículo es identificar los subcentros de empleo total mediante el uso de indicadores de autocorrelación espacial global y local en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, en el periodo 1994-2004. Esta metodología usa matrices de pesos espaciales e incorpora la noción de unidades vecinas y no está limitada al criterio de contigüidad del método de doble umbral. La variable usada fue la densidad bruta de empleo total (manufactura, comercio y servicio) en los años 1994 y 2004 a nivel de AGEB, obtenida de los Censos Económicos (INEGI, 1994 y 2004). Mediante el uso de dos indicadores de autocorrelación espacial, en específico el I de Moran y los indicadores locales de asociación espacial (LISA por sus siglas en inglés), fue posible identificar varios centros y subcentros de empleo total. Los resultados muestran la presencia de dependencia y heterogeneidad espacial que se manifiestan en la forma de agrupamientos de alta densidad de empleo (alto-alto) tanto en el distrito central de negocios (DCN) como en el subcentro de empleo mixto localizado en el corredor industrial de la avenida Rafael Pérez Serna. Asimismo, existen varios subcentros de empleo manufacturero aislados de alta densidad (alto-alto) localizados sobre las principales vialidades dirigidas a puertos internacionales. En este contexto, se puede concluir que la distribución del empleo fuera del DCN, producto de economías de aglomeración, implica la presencia de una estructura urbana policéntrica.Abstract:The objective of this article is to identify total employment subcenters through the use of global and local spatial autocorrelation indicators in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, during the period from 1994-2004. This methodology uses spatial weights matrices, includes the notion of neighboring units and is not restricted to the contiguity criterion of the double threshold method. The variable used was the gross density of total employment (manufacturing, trade and service) in 1994 and 2004 at the ageb level, obtained from the Economic Census (INEGI, 1994 and 2004). Two spatial autocorrelation indicators, specifically Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were used to identify several centers and sub-centers of total employment. The results show the presence of dependence and spatial heterogeneity expressed in the form of groups of high density employment (high-high) in both the central business district (CBD) and the mixed employment subcenter located in the industrial corridor of Avenida Rafael Pérez Serna. Likewise, there are several isolated high density manufacturing employment subcenters (high-high) located on the main roads leading to international ports. In this context, one can conclude that employment distribution outside the CBD, resulting from agglomeration economies, implies the presence of a polycentric urban structure.
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Patil, Darshan J., and Maheshkumar M. Shindhe. "Effect of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors on nutritional status of elderly: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193476.

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Background: Worldwide elderly population is rapidly increasing. This is posing many challenges in elderly population. Malnutrition in them is one of the major problems but ignored component. Socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors are those greatly influence their nutritional status. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors on nutritional status of elderly.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study which included 545 elderly population of Uchagaon subcentre and was carried out over a period of 1½ years. After selecting Uchagaon subcentre by simple random sampling technique and house to house survey was carried out to select eligible elderly participants who met the selection criteria. Data was collected from eligible elderly by using pretested questionnaire and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool.Results: 65.1% were between the age group of 60-69 years. 55% were females, 66% were currently married, 60% had no formal schooling, 67.2% were belongs to socio-economic status of either class IV/V. 23.5% were malnourished and 49% were at risk of malnutrition. There was association found between nutritional status of elderly with increase in age, marital status, educational status, occupation, socio-economic status, type of family and housing condition.Conclusions: In the present study majority of the elderly were at risk of malnutrition. The nutritional status of elderly was associated with increase in age, marital status, educational status, occupation, socio-economic status, type of family and housing condition of rural elderly and subsequently modify those factors to improve the nutritional status of elderly and this can be a scope for further study in future.
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Nisar, Auqfeen, S. Muhammad Salim Khan, and Sheikh Mohd. Saleem. "Community health profiling and accessibility of health care services at subcentre Abedal, central Kashmir." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 6, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/2394-6776.2019.0011.

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Pasaribu, Mansyur Hidayat. "PLANNING OF SECONDARY SCHOOL LOCATION AT SUBCENTRE OF MEDAN SELAYANG SERVICE BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATON SYSTEM." International Journal on Language, Research and Education Studies 1, no. 1 (August 8, 2017): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30575/2017081206.

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Prinja, S., and R. Verma. "Quality of records for maternal and child health services at subcentre level in a rural block of Rohtak." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 32, no. 1 (2007): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.53420.

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Макарова, М., M. Makarova, Е. Ладик, Elena Ladik, С. Киселев, and S. Kiselev. "MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC BUSINESS SPACES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5cb1e65c39c480.46537349.

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This article examines the urban public and business subcenters as secondary elements of the city system, the closest in properties to its main center. The criteria defining the public business subcenters are highlighted. The current trends in the formation of social and business subcenters in large cities and megalopolises are considered. Analysis of world experience is produced. Foreign concepts of spatial development are analyzed on the example of several existing urban subcenters. Various available cartographic materials and literature sources have been studied. They cover the development of urban business centers and various aspects of urban development. The methods of spatial formation of the planning structure of urban public business subcenters are highlighted: the cluster and channel. The development stages of urban subcenters from the territory of concentration of small trade and residential establishments to large-scale multifunctional urban planning formations are presented. The prospects for the development of business subcenters in major cities of the Russian Federation are analyzed and trends are identified: social and business polycentrism, disposition of administrative and business centers on the outskirts of cities and the formation of self-organizing business subcenters, mainly based on shopping and entertainment centers in residential areas. Prospects for development of urban subcenter in a large city are considered on the example of the city of Belgorod. Conclusions are drawn on the need to develop new models of urban public business subcenters taking into consideration the modern planning specifics of large cities and megalopolises of the Russian Federation. Models of urban public business subcenters must meet the requirements of polyfunctionality, to have high architectural and town planning qualities, to take into account the needs of population in the design area and to ensure the sustainable development of the urban periphery.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subcentre"

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Paula, Ana Raphaela Pereira e. "Descentralização intraurbana em Juiz de Fora: surgimento e consolidação do subcentro de Benfica." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4093.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A estrutura interna das cidades reflete as ações que se realizaram no passado e que estão em curso no presente. As ações do passado deixaram marcas que associadas às transformações da contemporaneidade nos trazem a necessidade de compreensão desse movimento dialético de mudanças e permanências na (re)produção do espaço intraurbano. Com o intuito de estudar a dinâmica que se processa na hierarquização do espaço intraurbano em Juiz de Fora – MG propomos a análise da “expansão” do centro principal da cidade através da descentralização de serviços urbanos e atividades econômicas para outras áreas, fazendo surgir os subcentros. Entendemos que para o estudo da estrutura urbana faz-se necessário compreender a centralidade da cidade na rede urbana se quisermos compreender sua estrutura intraurbana representada pelo binômio centro/subcentro. Dessa forma, nossa proposta consiste em estudar o processo de descentralização na escala de análise intraurbana e sua relação com o surgimento e consolidação de Benfica e de seu papel como "subcentro" exercendo influência sobre uma hinterlândia de mais de 110 mil habitantes.
The internal structure of cities reflects the actions in the past that are in progress in the present. The actions of the past have left marks that associated with transformations of contemporaneity bring us the need of understanding this dialectical movement of changes and continuities in the (re)production of the intra-urban space. In order to study the dynamics that take place in the hierarchy of the intra-urban space in Juiz de Fora - MG we propose the analysis of the "expansion" of the main city center through decentralization of urban services and economic activities to other areas, making the subcentres arise. We understand that for the study of urban structure it is necessary to understand the centrality of the city in the urban chain if we want to understand its intra-urban structure represented by the binomial center/subcentre. Therefore, our proposal is to study the process of decentralization in the scale of intra-urban analysis and its relation to the emergence and consolidation of Benfica and its role as "subcentre" exercising influence over a hinterland of over 110 000 inhabitants.
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Gómez, Yunis Camila. "Nuevo subcentro urbano : nodo Ñuble." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114728.

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Arquitecto
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Este proyecto, apunta a ser un aporte al desarrollo urbano de Santiago, a través de una de las tantas posibilidades que ofrece el transporte como soporte para espacios conectores de calidad, entregando a la ciudad una opción real de integración socio-espacial. Además de ser considerada como una experiencia mayor, con libertad para “pensar la ciudad”, tratando de establecer un equilibrio entre las partes y entregando espacios de inclusión. Más allá, de resolver con eficiencia los subcentro o nodos de conectividad, existe la intención de utilizar estos puntos como un pretexto para la recuperación de espacios públicos, contribuyendo con ello a mejorar la calidad de vida del habitante y transeúnte de nuestras ciudades.
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Chalermpong, Saksith 1974. "Urban congestion and the development of employment subcenter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47451.

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Calabrán, G. Ismael. "Subcentro Irarrázaval: — polo intermodal transporte y servicios urbanos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100378.

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El proyecto responde a satisfacer una necesidad real, visible, como es una infraestructura de transporte adecuada en un lugar específico de la ciudad. Además, en esta oportunidad quise ir más allá de esta operación, al hacerme cargo también. y de forma experimental, de las externalidades (sociales, económicas y medioambientales) que trae consigo la construcción de megaestructuras urbanas, como en este caso, de transporte público. Junto con lo anterior, se plantean desde ya algunas interrogantes que se verán tratadas en el transcurrir de esta memoria. El proyecto se define como una plataforma de intercambio entre flujos y servicios urbanos, entre los cuales se encuentra el transporte (público y privado), el equipamiento comercial y terciario, y el espacio público. Este último se trabaja como parte integral en la articulación del sistema, tanto programática interior como también exterior, entre proyecto y ciudad. De estos tres macroprogramas, se desprenden diferentes subcategorías que responden a necesidades resolutivas de cada uno, y que irán enriqueciendo el diseño arquitectónico del conjunto. La decisión de orientar la infraestructura de transporte hacia el subsuelo pasa por reducir el impacto visual y ambiental hacia los otros programas y su entorno inmediato, potenciando así una mayor fluidez urbana en el primer nivel. Sobre el transporte, se proyecta una serie de volumetrías que serán la cara visible del proyecto, que albergan servicios terciaros y comerciales. Este programa, no sólo entregará posibilides de desarollo en términos de empleo para la comunidad, sino que también dará vida a este lugar conformando un punto reconocible dentro de la ciudad.
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Marín, Gómez Constanza. "Edificio multiformato: Plaza Egaña : subcentro en proceso de consolidación." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/172075.

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Rampinelli, Carmona Fabiola. "Subcentro Plaza Egaña. Un polo de intermodalidad con identidad urbana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130495.

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Montoya, Hernández Diego. "Estación de intercambio y subcentro Lo Errázuriz : Cerrillos Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/141871.

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Samalapa, Sermsin. "The public-private joint venture in developing the Lad Krabang Subcenter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69737.

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Xavier, Milton Cesar. "A formação do Bairro Taquaral em Campinas (SP) e sua consolidação como subcentro." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287260.

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Orientador: Claudete de Castro Silva Vitte
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O Bairro Taquaral em Campinas tornou-se um importante subcentro de comércios e serviços, desempenhando importante papel no espaço intra-urbano atraindo consumidores locais e regionais. Desde seus primórdios ele já apresentava atividades terciárias que serviam a população local. Com o passar do tempo, o bairro foi se transformando urbanisticamente e, devido seus bairros-jardins tornou-se sinônimo de bairro nobre com população de alta renda. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a formação do bairro e a consolidação do mesmo como subcentro. O Taquaral é um bairro centenário que se formou no subúrbio de Campinas às margens do antigo caminho que ligava Campinas a Mogi Mirim e passava pela Fazenda Taquaral. Já apresentava no final do século XIX uma atividade comercial incipiente para atender seus moradores e os arredores. O bairro se transformou, bem como suas atividades econômicas. Devido sua localização favorável que liga a região norte ao centro consolipou-se como subcentro. Este subcentro tem como principais eixos viários a Rua Paula Bueno, (antiga estrada pública) e as Avenidas N. Senhora de Fátima, Armando Sales de Oliveira 'e Julio Prestes, além de um dos símbolos da cidade, o Parque Taquaral. O Taquaral consolidou-se como subcentro de amplo alcance espacial que atende a uma clientela variada (do local, dos bairros vizinhos e até de outras cidades) que usa seus serviços bancários, supermercados, farmácias, restaurantes, oficinas, lojas das mais variadas. Enfim, oferece comércio e serviços diversos, tanto aqueles de uso freqüente como os mais complexos
Abstract: The Taquaral district in Campinas has beco me an important commercial and service sub-center, playing an important part in the inter-urban space and attracting local and regional customers. From the beginning, the district already presented third sector activities that served local population. As time passed, the district changed urbanistically. Due to its garden cities it became an upper class neighborhood where a wealthy population started living. The goal of this research was to study the Taquaral district 's formation and its consolidation as a sub-center. Taquaral is a centenary district that was formed in the Campinas suburbs along the old way form Campinas to Mogi Mirim and passing Taquaral Farm. The district already presented an incipient commercial activity to attend its residents and neighboring districts by the end of the 19 th century. Taquaral has transformed and its economic activities as well. Due to its favorable location, joining the north region to downtown, it established itself as a sub-center. Thi.s subcenter has as principal access-roads: Paula Bueno Street (the old public road), Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Armando Sales de Oliveira and Júlio Prestes Avenues and Taquaral Park. Taquaral has consolidated as sub-center of vast spacial influence that serves a varied customers from its own neighborhood, from the nearly neighborhoods and even from other cities, making use of banks services, supermarkets, drugstores, restaurants, offices and different kinds of stores in the district. In conclusion, Taquaral offers commerce and diverse services, those for frequent use as well as those for more complex uses
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
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Campos, Rodger Barros Antunes. "Subcentralidades e e prêmio salarial intra-urbano na região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12140/tde-26112018-122557/.

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As economias de aglomeração apresentam externalidades que impactam sobre os vetores de preços da economia. As interações que ocorrem nas aglomerações são relevantes para a compreensão dos benefícios gerados pela proximidade. Tais benefícios impactam diretamente o salário do trabalho e os preços dos imóveis, entre outros. Muitos trabalhos focaram em estudar economias de aglomeração no contexto espacial agregado, mas poucos estiveram focados no espaço intra-urbano. Em face dessa lacuna na literatura de Economia de Aglomeração, a análise nesta tese debruça-se sobre a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), que foi dividida em áreas homogêneas de 1 km2. Dois são os objetivos centrais desse trabalho. Primeiro, buscou-se identificar as áreas mais relevantes quanto à aglomeração de trabalhadores na RMSP, ou seja, os subcentros de emprego (SBD). Para tanto, utilizaram-se os microdados geocodificados do Ministério do Trabalho (RAIS- MTE) para os anos de 2002, 2008 e 2014. Uma nova abordagem empírica foi desenvolvida, utilizando Regressões Ponderadas Geograficamente e uma regra objetiva de valor de corte. Os resultados apontam para três SBD nos anos de 2002 e 2008. No ano de 2014, a abordagem metodológica desenvolvida nessa tese com valor de corte mais restrito identifica apenas dois SBD. Nos dois períodos iniciais, os SBD se localizam em Barueri, São Paulo e São Caetano do Sul. No último ano avalidado, localizam-se em Barueri e São Paulo. O padrão observado é que o emprego localizado nas áreas centrais de São Paulo apresenta nível de crescimento relativamente maior do que nas demais áreas. Os demais SBD perdem não apenas em termos de emprego, mas também em termos de área, isto é, as áreas dos SBD nesses municípios se reduzem. Em 2002, os SBD de Barueri e São Caetano do Sul ocupavam áreas de 5 e 7 km2, respectivamente. Em 2014, o primeiro ocupava 1 km2 e o segundo deixou de existir. Em São Paulo, a área se elevou de 79 km2 para 90 km2. Os resultados sugerem elevada concentração espacial do emprego na RMSP. No segundo ensaio, objetiva-se identificar o impacto da aglomeração sobre os salários dos trabalhadores e, adicionalmente, testa-se a hipótese de atenuação espacial da aglomeração. Para tanto, construiu-se uma base de dados longitudinal e considerou-se uma especificação com múltiplos efeitos fixos e defasagem espacial da aglomeração de emprego. Mesmo em face de uma especificação mais restritiva, os resultados sugerem efeito positivo da aglomeração, o qual é atenuado com o distanciamento espacial. Em outras palavras, a aglomeração impacta positivamente o salário. Em estimações que desconsideram a questão da endogeneidade, estima-se um efeito direto (na própria área) de 0,039%, efeito indireto de primeira ordem (em áreas contíguas) de -0,11% e efeito indireto de segunda ordem (anel externo às áreas contíguas) de -0,23%, normalizado por 100,000. Ao tratar o problema da endogeneidade, através do uso de variáveis instrumentais, obtém-se efeito direto de 1,78%, indireto de primeira ordem de -2,12% e o efeito de segunda ordem não é estatisticamente significante.
Agglomeration economies are externalities that impact on prices in the economy. The interactions that occur in agglomerations are relevant for the understanding of the benefits generated by proximity. These benefits directly affect workers\' wage, real estate prices, etc. Many papers have focused on non-market interaction in aggregated labor markets, but intra-urban labor markets have received less attention. Seeking to fulfill such lack, 1 km2 areas of the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) are taken as the scope of analysis of this study. The central objectives of this dissertation are twofold. First, in chapter 3, I identified and characterized the most relevant areas in terms of job agglomeration in the MASP, named subcentral business districts (SBD). For this purpose, the geocoded matched employer-employee database of the Ministry of Labor (RAIS- TEM) was used. I developed a new empirical approach to identify the SBD, using Geographicaly Weight Regression and cut-off rules of identification. The results identified three SBD in the years of 2002 and 2008, and only two in 2014. Considering the two initial periods, the SBD are located in the municipalities of Barueri (SBD-BAR), São Paulo (SBD-SAO) and São Caetano do Sul (SBD-SCS). In the last year, the SBD are located in Barueri and São Paulo municipality only. The employment located in the central areas of São Paulo shows a relatively higher amount of employee than in the other SBD areas. SBD-BAR and SBD-SCS lost not only in terms of employment, but also in terms of area. In 2002, these last two SBD occupied areas of 5 and 7 km2 respectively. In 2014, the SBD-BAR occupied 1 km2, while the SBD-SCS is not ranked at all. In São Paulo, the area ranges from 79 km2 to 90 km2. The results stemmed from the first paper suggest a high spatial concentration of employment in the MASP. In the second paper (chapter 4), the objectives are to identify the impact of agglomeration on workers\' wages and test the agglomeration spatial attenuation hypothesis (SAH). For that, I use employer-employee RAIS database and consider a specification with multiple fixed effects and spatial lags of the employment agglomeration as a strategy to SAH identification. Even in the face of a more restrictive specification, the results suggest a positive effect of agglomeration, which is attenuated as the spatial distance increases. In other words, agglomeration affects positively workers\' wage in the workplace area. Estimates without solving for endogeneity between wage and agglomeration indicate a direct effect of 0.039% (in the area itself), a first-order indirect effect of -0.11% (in the contiguous areas), and a second-order effect of -0.23% (in the ring around the contiguous areas), normalized by 100,000. When considering instrumental variables, the estimated direct effect on wages becomes 1.78%, the first-order effect changes to -2.12%, and the second order effect is not statistically significant.
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Books on the topic "Subcentre"

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1970-, Chō Yō, ed. Toshi sabusentā keisei no keizai bunseki: Economic analysis of urban subcenter formation. Tōkyō: Yūhikaku, 2005.

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Kikakushitsu, Tokyo (Japan) Sōgō Keikakubu Kaihatsu. Fukutoshin seibi keikaku, 1997-2005: Kyotensei no zōshin, toshi kūkan no shitsu no kōjō o mezashite = The subcenters development plan. Tōkyō: Tōkyō-to, 1997.

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Freudlsperger, Christian. Trade Policy in Multilevel Government. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856122.001.0001.

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Trade Policy in Multilevel Government investigates how multilevel polities organize openness in a globalizing political and economic environment. In recent years, the multilevel politics of trade caught the broader public’s attention, not least due to the Wallonian regional parliament’s initial rejection of the EU-Canada trade deal in 2016. In all multilevel polities, competencies held by states and regions have increasingly become the subject of international rule-setting. This is particularly so in the field of trade, which has progressively targeted so-called “behind the border” regulatory barriers. In their reaction to this “deep trade” agenda, constituent units in different multilevel polities have shown widely varying degrees of openness to liberalizing their markets. Why is that? Trade Policy in Multilevel Government argues that domestic institutions and procedures of intergovernmental relations are the decisive factor. Countering a widely held belief among practitioners and analysts of trade policy that involving subcentral actors complicates trade negotiations, it demonstrates that the more voice a multilevel polity affords its constituent units in trade policy-making, the less the latter have an incentive eventually to exit from emerging trade deals. While in shared rule systems constituent unit governments are directly represented along the entirety of the policy cycle, in self-rule systems territorial representation is achieved merely indirectly. Shared rule systems are hence more effective than self-rule systems in organizing openness to trade. The book tests the explanatory power of this theory on the understudied case of international procurement liberalization in extensive studies of three systems of multilevel government: Canada, the European Union, and the United States.
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Book chapters on the topic "Subcentre"

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Luque, Jaime. "Subcenters." In Urban Land Economics, 45–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15320-9_8.

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Ghumde, R. G., and S. H. Ghate. "Subcentral Automorphisms." In Mathematics and Computing, 459–66. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2452-5_32.

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Long, Ying, and Enjia Zhang. "Quantifying Urban Form as a Case Study in Expansion-Oriented Design: Design Practices in the Tongzhou Subcenter." In Strategies for Sustainability, 109–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49618-0_7.

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Mahabalaraju, DK. "Subcenter." In Essentials of Community Medicine Practicals, 345. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12988_21.

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"6. CBD and Subcenter Visitors." In The Changing Downtown, 119–62. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110854855-007.

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Freudlsperger, Christian. "Canada." In Trade Policy in Multilevel Government, 127–71. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856122.003.0005.

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The second case study zooms in on the case of the Canadian system of multilevel government. In contrast to the US case, Canada has demonstrated remarkable adaptability in its patterns of vertical power-sharing. The chapter finds that despite the provinces’ initial lack of voice in its self-rule setting, the Canadian federation has been able effectively to construct a regime of ongoing, constructive, and trusting vertical dialogue in the field of international trade policy. Against the backdrop of increasing domestic market integration and a generally low degree of politicization, their increased voice has eventually incited subcentral executives to forego their sovereign right to exit. Ultimately, the Canadian case demonstrates that, under certain conditions, self-rule systems can adapt to their increasing embeddedness in multilevel trade governance. Despite being built on a delineation of central and subcentral spheres of competence in ‘watertight compartments’, the Canadian system integrated means of shared rule to deal with pressures from the international realm while preserving a substantive measure of subcentral autonomy. The concomitant increase in subcentral voice leads to two observations of immediate relevance to the theorizing of multilevel trade governance. First, despite the systematic inclusion of subcentral executives in trade policy-making, the destructive side-effects of the joint-decision trap can be avoided. Second, multilevel systems are dialectically capable of integrating certain fields while decentralizing authority.
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Freudlsperger, Christian. "Introduction." In Trade Policy in Multilevel Government, 1–11. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856122.003.0001.

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The introductory chapter to Trade Policy in Multilevel Government commences by elaborating the empirical puzzle of subcentral executives’ varying openness to trade liberalization. In multilevel government, it is unusual for lower-level executives to sit at international negotiating tables. At the same time, the latter increasingly hold competences of relevance to contemporary trade policy. The ‘deep trade’ agenda of recent decades has progressively subjected subcentral governments’ prerogatives to international rule-setting, thereby constraining their policy space. Interestingly, subcentral governments in different multilevel polities have reacted with widely varying degrees of openness to this development. How can this variance in subcentral openness be explained? The remainder of the introductory chapter sketches out the book’s theoretical and methodological approach. After elaborating on its contribution to existing scholarship on trade policy and the dynamics of multilevel government, and emphasizing the empirical significance of public procurement liberalization for the political economies of multilevel polities, the chapter presents a brief summary of the book’s empirical findings. It concludes with an overview of the book’s general structure.
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"7. Downtown vs. Subcenters: Activities and Attitudes." In The Changing Downtown, 163–200. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110854855-008.

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Freudlsperger, Christian. "More Voice, Less Exit." In Trade Policy in Multilevel Government, 12–50. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856122.003.0002.

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The second chapter constructs a theoretical framework to account for the introduced research puzzle. Building on a central line of work on ‘federal dynamics’, it argues that the institutions and procedures of intergovernmental relations bear a decisive impact on a multilevel system’s ability to organize openness to international trade. While self-rule systems build on power-hoarding and the delineation of spheres of competence, shared rule systems rely on collaborative power-sharing between central and subcentral executives. In reference to Hirschman’s seminal concepts of exit and voice, the chapter then posits that any multilevel polity endows subcentral executives with a specific amount of voice in the making of trade and procurement policy. This voice it expects to be inversely related to exit: the more voice subcentral executives are equipped with, the less they dispose of an incentive to exit from a system-wide policy or international commitment. As shared-rule systems endow constituent units with more voice in polity-wide trade policy-making, they should organize openness more effectively than self-rule systems. At the same time, the inverse relationship between voice and exit does not unfold in an experimental vacuum. Depending on the specific policy sector, intervening factors can come to affect constituent units’ propensity to seek exit without affecting the amount of their voice. In the specific field of trade and procurement policy, the book expects two such policy-specific factors potentially to affect constituent units’ degree of exit. These are the amount of domestic procurement market integration and the politicization of international procurement liberalization.
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Salmon, Pierre. "The virtue of narrowing: the fiscal federalism setting." In Yardstick Competition among Governments, 99–128. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499167.003.0005.

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This chapter mainly discusses the empirical work in the domain of local (subcentral) finance involving yardstick competition. It begins with a short section on the systemic novelty introduced by yardstick competition into the theory of fiscal federalism. The central part of the chapter focuses on the empirical arguments developed to probe the presence of yardstick competition and yardstick voting in various data sets. Then, some queries are formulated about the exact nature of what has been established empirically so far. It seems clearly confirmed that some form of yardstick competition or yardstick voting is at work in different settings. That result is important but the findings should not be supposed to validate the game-theoretical analysis or the pure mimicking behavior assumption typically associated with the empirical studies. Alternative approaches are considered toward the end of the chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "Subcentre"

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AUGUSTA DA ASSUNCAO, MIRIELLEN. "O SUBCENTRO DE UBERLÂNDIA: UMA ANÁLISE DO BAIRRO LUIZOTE DE FREITAS." In IX Simpósio de Engenharia de Produção - SIMEP 2021. Recife: Even3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/9simep.326780.

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MARISCO, Luciane Maranha de Oliveira, and Priscila Andreza dos Santos BUARQUE. "Os subcentros como novas centralidades em Maceió-Alagoas." In VII Colóquio Internacional sobre Comércio e Cidade. São Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/viicincci-44.

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Gustafsson, J., J. Delsing, and J. van Deventer. "Thermodynamic Simulation of a Detached House with District Heating Subcentral." In 2008 2nd Annual IEEE Systems Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/systems.2008.4519054.

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Duarte, Carlos, and Juan Ochoa. "Does urban subcentres influence housing prices? An analysis of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona." In 22nd Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2015_6.

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Nasri, Arefeh, and Lei Zhang. "Employment Subcenters, Polycentricity, and Travel Behavior: The Tale of Two Cities in the U.S." In International Conference on Transportation and Development 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481561.010.

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Guo, Rong, and Yo Cui. "Urban regeneration and sustainable urban development from polycentric spatial structure traffic performance." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/cpqc8140.

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Traffic congestion has become the main phenomenon of agglomeration dis-economy in urban. Adjusting spatial structure to improve traffic efficiency and reduce traffic pollution has become an important issue of urban sustainable development. The study adopts the social survey method to test the traffic performance of Harbin polycentric spatial structure. Combine with the colocation hypothesis, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of polycentric commuting distance and commuting time. The results show that the average commuting distance of centers is greater than that in the city, and the proportion of long-distance commuting is higher, but the faster commuting speed in the fringe area subcenters makes average commuting time shorter than that in the city. The importance of commuting costs is insufficient, the employment and residential location resources are extremely unbalanced, and they influence location selection of residence and employment and makes long-distance commuting economically reasonable. The fundamental ways to improve the traffic performance of polycentric spatial structure are to face up to the rationality of long-distance commuting and traffic demand, in urban renewal, adjusting commuting cost and the spatial layout of residential and employment resources, improving the balance between occupation and housing, promoting sustainable urban development.
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Siqueira, Luiz Luiz Paulo. "Identificação de subcentros de emprego: Uma contribuição à análise do mercado imobiliário e planejamento urbano para a cidade de São Paulo." In 11ª Conferência Internacional da LARES. Latin American Real Estate Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/lares-2011-514-724-1-rv.

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