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Journal articles on the topic 'Subdistribution Proportional Hazard'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Berger, Moritz, Matthias Schmid, Thomas Welchowski, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, and Jan Beyersmann. "Subdistribution hazard models for competing risks in discrete time." Biostatistics 21, no. 3 (2018): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxy069.

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Summary A popular modeling approach for competing risks analysis in longitudinal studies is the proportional subdistribution hazards model by Fine and Gray (1999. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association94, 496–509). This model is widely used for the analysis of continuous event times in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, it does not apply when event times are measured on a discrete time scale, which is a likely scenario when events occur between pairs of consecutive points in time (e.g., between two f

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Molydah S, Molydah S., and Danardono Danardono. "AN ADDITIVE SUBDISTRIBUTION HAZARDS MODEL FOR COMPETING RISKS DATA." MEDIA STATISTIKA 16, no. 2 (2024): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/medstat.16.2.194-205.

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Competing risk failure time data occur frequently in medical a number of methods have been proposed for the analysis of these data. The classic approach is to model all cause-specific hazards and then estimate the cumulative incidence curve based on these cause-specific hazards. Unfortunately, the cause-specific hazard function does not have a direct interpretation in terms of survival probabilities for the particular failure type. In this paper, we consider a more flexible model for the subdistribution. It is a combination of the additive model and the Cox model and allows one to perform a mo

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Diao, Guoqing, and Joseph G. Ibrahim. "Quantifying time-varying cause-specific hazard and subdistribution hazard ratios with competing risks data." Clinical Trials 16, no. 4 (2019): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774519852708.

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Various non-proportional hazard models have been developed in the literature for competing risks data. The regression coefficients under these models, however, typically cannot be compared directly. We propose new methods to quantify the average of the time-varying cause-specific hazard ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios through two general classes of transformations and weight functions that are chosen to reflect the relative importance of the hazard ratios in different time periods. We further propose an [Formula: see text] -norm type of test statistic that incorporates the test statis

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Rerkasem, Amaraporn, Ampica Mangklabruks, Supawan Buranapin, et al. "Incidence and predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality in patients with type II diabetes with peripheral arterial disease." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0322502. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322502.

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Objective This cohort study estimated the incidence and predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and various stages of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) at the largest tertiary referral hospitals in upper-northern Thailand. Methods This study recruited 278 T2DM and PAD patients for a 7-year cohort study. These patients completed health questionnaires and underwent physical examinations including ankle-brachial index measurements and clinical assessment to determine PAD severity. Mortality endpoints were determined us

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Yousif, Yosra, Faiz Ahmed Mohamed Elfaki, and Meftah Hrairi. "Regression Analysis of Masked Competing Risks Data under Cumulative Incidence Function Framework." Austrian Journal of Statistics 49, no. 3 (2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v49i3.1026.

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In the studies that involve competing risks, somehow, masking issues might arise. That is, the cause of failure for some subjects is only known as a subset of possible causes. In this study, a Bayesian analysis is developed to assess the effect of risks factor on the Cumulative Incidence Function (CIF) by adopting the proportional subdistribution hazard model. Simulation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed model and it shows that the model is feasible for the possible applications.

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Tai, BC, ZJ Chen, and D. Machin. "Estimating sample size in the presence of competing risks – Cause-specific hazard or cumulative incidence approach?" Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, no. 1 (2015): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215623107.

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In designing randomised clinical trials involving competing risks endpoints, it is important to consider competing events to ensure appropriate determination of sample size. We conduct a simulation study to compare sample sizes obtained from the cause-specific hazard and cumulative incidence (CMI) approaches, by first assuming exponential event times. As the proportional subdistribution hazard assumption does not hold for the CMI exponential (CMIExponential) model, we further investigate the impact of violation of such an assumption by comparing the results obtained from the CMI exponential mo

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Spencer, Katie L., Martyn P. T. Kennedy, Katie L. Lummis, et al. "Surgery or radiotherapy for stage I lung cancer? An intention-to-treat analysis." European Respiratory Journal 53, no. 6 (2019): 1801568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01568-2018.

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IntroductionSurgery is the standard of care for early-stage lung cancer, with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) a lower morbidity alternative for patients with limited physiological reserve. Comparisons of outcomes between these treatment options are limited by competing comorbidities and differences in pre-treatment pathological information. This study aims to address these issues by assessing both overall and cancer-specific survival for presumed stage I lung cancer on an intention-to-treat basis.MethodsThis retrospective intention-to-treat analysis identified all patients treat

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Uchida, Yushi, Toshiaki Nakano, Hiroto Hiyamuta, et al. "Association between Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentrations and Risk of Cancer-Related Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: 10-Year Outcomes of the Q-Cohort Study." Blood Purification 52, no. 7-8 (2023): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000530846.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cancer constitutes a major source of morbidity and mortality among people undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A systemic inflammatory response is associated with the incidence and prognosis of cancer in the general population. However, the effect of systemic inflammation on cancer-related mortality in patients undergoing HD remains unclear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed 3,139 patients registered in the Q-Cohort Study, which is a multicenter, observational cohort study of patients on hemodialysis in Japan. The primary ou

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Luksiene, Dalia, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Dalia Virviciute, and Ricardas Radisauskas. "The Prognostic Value of Combined Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Habits for the Estimation of Cause-Specific Mortality in Middle-Age and Elderly Population: Results from a Long-Term Cohort Study in Lithuania." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9654314.

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Aim. To evaluate the prognostic value of combined smoking and alcohol consumption habits for the estimation of cause-specific mortality risk in middle-age and elderly population. Methods. The study presents data from the four surveys. A random sample of 6,729 subjects aged 35–64 years was selected for statistical analysis. During the follow-up of 31 years (1983–2014), there were 2,158 deaths from any cause. Multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality and Competing Risk Regression analysis was used to estimate subdistribution h

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Nolley, Eric P., Sarina K. Sahetya, Chad H. Hochberg, et al. "Outcomes Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Severe Pneumonia and Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure From SARS-CoV-2 and Other Etiologies." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (2023): e2250401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50401.

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ImportanceEarly observations suggested that COVID-19 pneumonia had a higher mortality rate than other causes of pneumonia.ObjectiveTo compare outcomes between mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia due to COVID-19 (March 2020 to June 2021) and other etiologies (July 2016 to December 2019).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Johns Hopkins Healthcare System among adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation in the first 2 weeks of hospitalization. Clinical, laboratory, and mechanical ventilation data

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Boero, Isabel J., Anthony J. Paravati, Beibei Xu, et al. "Importance of Radiation Oncologist Experience Among Patients With Head-and-Neck Cancer Treated With Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 7 (2016): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.63.9898.

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Purpose Over the past decade, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has replaced conventional radiation techniques in the management of head-and-neck cancers (HNCs). We conducted this population-based study to evaluate the influence of radiation oncologist experience on outcomes in patients with HNC treated with IMRT compared with patients with HNC treated with conventional radiation therapy. Methods We identified radiation providers from Medicare claims of 6,212 Medicare beneficiaries with HNC treated between 2000 and 2009. We analyzed the impact of provider volume on all-cause mortali

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Nagasaka, Tomoki, Naoki Washida, Kiyotaka Uchiyama, et al. "Health-Related Quality of Life Sleep Score Predicts Transfer to Hemodialysis among Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (2022): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061030.

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Despite the superiority of peritoneal dialysis (PD) over hemodialysis (HD) regarding health-related quality of life (HRQOL), the specific HRQOL domain(s) that predict unplanned HD transfer remains uncertain. In this cohort study, we assessed the HRQOL of 50 outpatients undergoing PD using the Japanese version 1.3 Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form from March 2017 to March 2018 and prospectively analyzed the association of each HRQOL component with HD transfer until June 2021. During the follow-up (41.5 (13.0–50.1) months), 21 patients were transferred to HD. In a multivariate Cox propor

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Dai, Dongjun, Yanmei Wang, Xinyang Hu, Hongchuan Jin, and Xian Wang. "Prognostic analysis of very early onset pancreatic cancer: a population-based analysis." PeerJ 8 (February 10, 2020): e8412. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8412.

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Background We aimed to use competing risk model to assess whether very early onset pancreatic cancer (VEOPC ) (<45 years) had a worse prognosis than older pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, and to build a competing risk nomogram for predicting the risk of death of VEOPC. Methods We selected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients as our cohort from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The impact of cancer specific death was estimated by competing risk analysis. Multivariate Fine-Gray regression for proportional hazards modeling of the subdistribution hazard (SH)

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Hamilton, Emma, Wendy A. Davis, David G. Bruce, and Timothy M. E. Davis. "Influence of Premature Mortality on the Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Hip Fracture: The Fremantle Diabetes Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, no. 2 (2016): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3570.

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Abstract Context: Studies of hip fracture complicating diabetes have not considered the effect of premature mortality. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine influence of the competing risk of death on the association between type 2 diabetes and hip fracture. Design: The study was designed as a longitudinal observational study. Setting: The study setting was an urban community. Patients: Participants included 1291 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64.0 years) and 5159 matched residents without diabetes. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome measures were incident hip fracture

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Fancourt, Daisy, Andrew Steptoe, and Dorina Cadar. "Community engagement and dementia risk: time-to-event analyses from a national cohort study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 1 (2019): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213029.

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BackgroundThere is increasing interest in the potential health benefits of referring older adults to engage in community leisure activities (‘social prescribing’) to help promote healthy cognitive ageing. However, it remains unclear whether beneficial effects of community engagement are independent of the well-known protective effects of broader structural, functional and subjective social factors.MethodsWe analysed data from 9550 adults aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, with baseline from 2004 to 2005. We assessed associations between different types of community engagem

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Vitzthum, Lucas K., Chris Straka, Reith R. Sarkar, et al. "Combined Androgen Blockade in Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Definitive Radiation Therapy." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 17, no. 12 (2019): 1497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2019.7335.

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Background: The addition of androgen deprivation therapy to radiation therapy (RT) improves survival in patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), but it is not known whether combined androgen blockade (CAB) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) and a nonsteroidal antiandrogen improves survival over GnRH-A monotherapy. Methods: This study evaluated patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa diagnosed in 2001 through 2015 who underwent RT with either GnRH-A alone or CAB using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Associations be

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Dai, Dongjun, Yiming Zhong, Zhuo Wang, Neelum Aziz Yousafzai, Hongchuan Jin, and Xian Wang. "The prognostic impact of age in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer: a population-based study." PeerJ 7 (July 4, 2019): e7252. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7252.

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Background The aim of current study was to use competing risk model to calculate the potential differences that age played in the prognosis of different breast cancer subtypes. Methods The cohort was selected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The cumulative incidences of death (CID) was assessed for breast cancer caused deaths and other causes of mortality. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model and the multivariate subdistribution hazard (SH) model were used to evaluate the prognostic value of age in different breast cancer subtypes. Results

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Tesfaye, Wubshet H., Gregory M. Peterson, Ronald L. Castelino, et al. "Medication Regimen Complexity and Hospital Readmission in Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 53, no. 1 (2018): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028018793419.

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high rates of hospital admissions and readmissions. However, there is a scarcity of research into medication-related factors predicting such outcomes in this patient group. Objective: To evaluate the effect of medication regimen complexity at hospital discharge on subsequent readmissions and their timing in older adults with CKD. Methods: This was a 12-month retrospective cohort study of 204 older (⩾65 years) CKD patients in an Australian tertiary care hospital. Medication regimen complexity was quantified using the 65-item medicatio

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Meservey, Amber, Govind Krishnan, Cynthia L. Green, Samantha Morrison, Craig R. Rackley, and Bryan D. Kraft. "U-Shaped Association Between Carboxyhemoglobin and Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation." Critical Care Explorations 5, no. 8 (2023): e0957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000957.

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Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that activates cytoprotective programs implicated in the resolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and survival of critical illness. Because CO levels can be measured in blood as carboxyhemoglobin, we hypothesized that carboxyhemoglobin percent (COHb%) may associate with mortality. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between COHb% and outcomes in patients with ARDS requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a condition where elevated COHb% is commonly observed. DESIGN: Retrospective co

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Costa, Olivia S., Christine G. Kohn, Nicole M. Kuderer, Gary H. Lyman, Thomas J. Bunz, and Craig I. Coleman. "Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban compared with low-molecular-weight heparin in cancer-associated thromboembolism." Blood Advances 4, no. 17 (2020): 4045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002242.

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Abstract Guidelines provide differing recommendations regarding direct-acting oral anticoagulants vs low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban vs LMWH for treatment of CAT. Using US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare–linked data from 2013 through 2016, we evaluated adults with active breast, lung, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer, who were admitted to the hospital or treated in the emergency department for CAT and were prescribed rivaroxaban or LMWH for

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Darvishian, Maryam, Zahid A. Butt, Stanley Wong, et al. "Elevated risk of colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers among HCV, HBV and/or HIV (co)infected individuals in a population based cohort in Canada." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 13 (January 2021): 175883592199298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835921992987.

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Introduction:Studies of the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV mono and co-infections on the risk of cancer, particularly extra-hepatic cancer, have been limited and inconsistent in their findings.Methods:In the British Columbia Hepatitis Testers Cohort, we assessed the risk of colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers in association with HCV, HBV and HIV infection status. Using Fine and Gray adjusted proportional subdistribution hazards models, we assessed the impact of infection status on each cancer, accounting for competing mortality risk. Cancer occurrence

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Yaffe, Kristine, Sandy J. Lwi, Tina D. Hoang, et al. "Military-related risk factors in female veterans and risk of dementia." Neurology 92, no. 3 (2018): e205-e211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006778.

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ObjectiveTo determine whether diagnoses of traumatic brain injury (TBI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression, alone or in combination, increase dementia risk among older female veterans.MethodsThis cohort study included data from 109,140 female veterans ≥55 years of age receiving care from Veterans Health Administration medical centers in the United States between October 2004 and September 2015 with at least 1 follow-up visit. TBI, PTSD, depression, and medical conditions at study baseline and incident dementia were determined according to ICD-9-CM codes. Fine-Gray proportion

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Rosella, Laura C., Kathy Kornas, Ednah Negatu, and Limei Zhou. "Variations in all-cause mortality, premature mortality and cause-specific mortality among persons with diabetes in Ontario, Canada." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 11, no. 3 (2023): e003378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003378.

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IntroductionPatients with diabetes have a higher risk of mortality compared with the general population. Large population-based studies that quantify variations in mortality risk for patients with diabetes among subgroups in the population are lacking. This study aimed to examine the sociodemographic differences in the risk of all-cause mortality, premature mortality, and cause-specific mortality in persons diagnosed with diabetes.Research design and methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study of 1 741 098 adults diagnosed with diabetes between 1994 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada using li

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Bonneville, Edouard F., Liesbeth C. de Wreede, and Hein Putter. "Why you should avoid using multiple Fine–Gray models: insights from (attempts at) simulating proportional subdistribution hazards data." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, June 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrsssa/qnae056.

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Abstract Studies considering competing risks will often aim to estimate the cumulative incidence functions conditional on an individual’s baseline characteristics. While the Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard model is tailor-made for analysing only one of the competing events, it may still be used in settings where multiple competing events are of scientific interest, where it is specified for each cause in turn. In this work, we provide an overview of data-generating mechanisms where proportional subdistribution hazards hold for at least one cause. We use these to motivate why the use of multip

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Wu, Hongji, Chengfeng Zhang, Yawen Hou, and Zheng Chen. "Communicating and understanding statistical measures when quantifying the between-group difference in competing risks." International Journal of Epidemiology, September 21, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyad127.

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Abstract Competing risks issues are common in clinical trials and epidemiological studies for patients in follow-up who may experience a variety of possible outcomes. Under such competing risks, two hazard-based statistical methods, cause-specific hazard (CSH) and subdistribution hazard (SDH), are frequently used to assess treatment effects among groups. However, the outcomes of the CSH-based and SDH-based methods have a close connection with the proportional hazards (CSH or SDH) assumption and may have an non-intuitive interpretation. Recently, restricted mean time lost (RMTL) has been used a

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Wang, Haili, Chengnan Guo, Xin Zhang, et al. "Prognostic factors for competing risk in patients with AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma: A SEER population‐based study." HIV Medicine, August 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13530.

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AbstractObjectivesDespite the improved survival of patients with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), competing events are a non‐negligible issue affecting the survival of such patients. In this study, we explored the prognostic factors of KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality in patients with AIDS‐related KS (AIDS‐KS), accounting for competing risk.MethodsWe identified 17 103 patients with AIDS‐KS aged 18–65 years between 1980 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registry database. Prognostic factors for KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality were determin

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Chen, Linan, Shoujiang You, Nicole Ee, et al. "Impact of Frailty on Antihypertensive Treatment in Older Adults." Hypertension, January 14, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.24214.

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BACKGROUND: The association between systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality differs between frail and nonfrail individuals, highlighting uncertainties about the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatments in frail populations. METHODS: Using data from the SHEP trial (Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program), a baseline frailty index (FI), including 55 variables, was constructed. Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the association between baseline FI and the risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and all-cau

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Huang, Jia‐Yi, Yap‐Hang Chan, Yi‐Kei Tse, et al. "Statin Therapy Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Population‐Based Study." Journal of the American Heart Association, November 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/jaha.123.032378.

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Background Whether statin use can reduce the risk of heart failure (HF) remains controversial. The present study evaluates the association between statin use and HF in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results Patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation from 2010 to 2018 were included. An inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance baseline covariates between statin users (n=23 239) and statin nonusers (n=29 251). The primary outcome was incident HF. Cox proportional hazard models with competing risk regression were used to evaluate the risk of HF between

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Kang, Eun Seok, Seohui Jang, Hye Jun Kim, et al. "Association of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Among Older Adults." Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 10, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70156.

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ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study examined the association between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in elderly individuals.MethodsA population‐based cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Senior cohort included 189,623 individuals aged 65 and older, categorized as non‐SLD or MASLD. Cox proportional hazards regression and Fine‐Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to evaluate the risk of SSNHL and Ménière's disease, considering all‐cause mortality as a competing event.ResultsBase

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Bonneville, Edouard F., Jan Beyersmann, Ruth H. Keogh, et al. "Multiple Imputation of Missing Covariates When Using the Fine–Gray Model." Statistics in Medicine 44, no. 15-17 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.70166.

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ABSTRACTThe Fine–Gray model for the subdistribution hazard is commonly used for estimating associations between covariates and competing risks outcomes. When there are missing values in the covariates included in a given model, researchers may wish to multiply impute them. Assuming interest lies in estimating the risk of only one of the competing events, this paper develops a substantive‐model‐compatible multiple imputation approach that exploits the parallels between the Fine–Gray model and the standard (single‐event) Cox model. In the presence of right‐censoring, this involves first imputing

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Schubert, Kai Michael, Vijaya Dasari, Ana Lúcia Oliveira, et al. "The Role of Electroencephalography in Predicting Post‐Stroke Seizures and an Updated Prognostic Model (SeLECT‐EEG)." Annals of Neurology, June 26, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.27301.

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ObjectiveSeizures negatively impact stroke outcomes, highlighting the need for reliable predictors of post‐stroke epilepsy. Although acute symptomatic seizures are a known risk factor, most stroke survivors who develop epilepsy do not experience them. Early electroencephalography (EEG) findings may enhance risk prediction, particularly in patients without acute symptomatic seizures, aiding in patient management and counseling.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cohort study using data from 1,105 stroke survivors (mean age 71 years, 54% male) with neuroimaging‐confirmed ischemic stroke who underw

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Iwai, Chikako, Taisuke Jo, Takaaki Konishi, et al. "Thrombotic risk of platinum combination chemotherapy with and without immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide inpatient database study." Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, August 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-023-03508-1.

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Abstract Objectives To determine the associated thromboembolism risk with adding immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to platinum combination chemotherapy compared with platinum combination chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and methods This study identified 75,807 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database who started platinum combination chemotherapy between July 2010 and March 2021. The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and all-cause mortal

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Kler, Sarah E., L. Grisell Diaz‐Ramirez, Kira L. Ryskina, et al. "Geriatric conditions and healthcare utilization among older adults living in subsidized housing." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, June 7, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18979.

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AbstractBackgroundNearly 2.9 million older Americans with lower incomes live in subsidized housing. While regional and single‐site studies show that this group has higher rates of healthcare utilization compared to older adults in the general community, little is known about healthcare utilization nationally nor associated risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 enrolled in the National Health and Aging Trends Study in 2011, linked to Medicare claims data, including individuals living in subsidized housing and the general community. Part

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N., A. Ibrahim, Kudus A., Daud I., and R. Abu Bakar M. "Decision Tree for Competing Risks Survival Probability in Breast Cancer Study." February 23, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1078975.

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Competing risks survival data that comprises of more than one type of event has been used in many applications, and one of these is in clinical study (e.g. in breast cancer study). The decision tree method can be extended to competing risks survival data by modifying the split function so as to accommodate two or more risks which might be dependent on each other. Recently, researchers have constructed some decision trees for recurrent survival time data using frailty and marginal modelling. We further extended the method for the case of competing risks. In this paper, we developed the decision

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Peng, Ching-Hsiu, Tsung-Han Hsieh, Ting-Wen Chu, Ting-Yun Lin, and Szu-Chun Hung. "Dialysis Modality and Incident Stroke Among Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Registry-Based Cohort Study." Stroke, October 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.123.043241.

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BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing dialysis are at significant risk of stroke. Whether dialysis modality is associated with cerebrovascular disease is unclear. This study compared the risk of incident stroke in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. METHODS: Thirty-nine thousand five hundred forty-two patients without a history of stroke who initiated dialysis between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014 were retrospectively studied using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We matched 3809 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

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Chen, Chaolei, Zehan Huang, Lin Liu, Bingbing Su, Yingqing Feng, and Yuqing Huang. "Lung Function Impairment and Risks of Incident Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality Among People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study." Diabetes Care, February 11, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-2188.

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OBJECTIVE Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) frequently exhibit impaired lung function, potentially accelerating the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although prospective studies remain limited. We aimed to explore the relationship between lung function impairment and risk of CVD and mortality within this high-risk population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective study included 16,242 participants with T2D and free of CVD from the UK Biobank. Obstructive physiology (OP), restrictive physiology (RP), and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) were defined using spirometry

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Joye, Raphael, Vladimir L. Cousin, Julie Wacker, et al. "Death by Neurologic Criteria in Children Undergoing Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Retrospective Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Study, 2017–2021." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, November 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000003406.

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Objectives: To determine factors associated with brain death in children treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Design: Retrospective database study. Settings: Data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), 2017–2021. Patients: Children supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for E-cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Data from the ELSO Registry included patient characteristics, blood gas values, support therapies, and complications. The prima

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Walsh, Jessica A., Ruth E. Barker, Samantha S. C. Kon, et al. "Gait speed and adverse outcomes following hospitalised exacerbation of COPD." European Respiratory Journal, April 29, 2021, 2004047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.04047-2020.

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Four-metre gait speed (4MGS) is a simple physical performance measure and surrogate marker of frailty that is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. We aimed to assess the ability of 4MGS to predict prognosis in patients hospitalised with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD).213 participants hospitalised with AECOPD (52% male, mean age and FEV1, 72 years and 35% predicted) were enrolled. 4MGS and baseline demographics were recorded at hospital discharge. All-cause readmission and mortality were collected for 1 y after discharge, and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression

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Ashburner, Jeffrey M., Alan S. Go, Yuchiao Chang, et al. "Abstract 11900: Influence of Competing Risks on the Association Between Warfarin and Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study." Circulation 132, suppl_3 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.11900.

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Introduction: Studies examining the association between warfarin therapy and incidence of ischemic stroke in adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) have not accounted for patients who die of non-stroke causes. Hypothesis: Accounting for the competing risk of death may provide greater understanding of the “real world” impact of warfarin on stroke risk during multiyear follow-up in a large, diverse cohort of AF patients. Methods: We assessed this association in the ATRIA community-based cohort of AF patients (n=13,559; study years 1996-2003), with thromboembolic (>90% ischemic stroke) events (T

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Gordon, Emily H., David D. Ward, Hao Xiong, Shlomo Berkovsky, and Ruth E. Hubbard. "Delirium and incident dementia in hospital patients in New South Wales, Australia: retrospective cohort study." BMJ, March 27, 2024, e077634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-077634.

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Abstract Objectives To determine the strength and nature of the association between delirium and incident dementia in a population of older adult patients without dementia at baseline. Design Retrospective cohort study using large scale hospital administrative data. Setting Public and private hospitals in New South Wales, Australia between July 2001 and March 2020. Participants Data were extracted for 650 590 hospital patients aged ≥65 years. Diagnoses of dementia and delirium were identified from ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision) codes. Patients with dementia at

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Zhang, Luming, Fengshuo Xu, Didi Han, et al. "Influence of the trajectory of the urine output for 24 h on the occurrence of AKI in patients with sepsis in intensive care unit." Journal of Translational Medicine 19, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-03190-w.

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Abstract Background Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication in hospitalized and critically ill patients. This condition is an independent cause of death. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between the trajectory of urine output within 24 h and S-AKI. Methods Patients with sepsis were studied retrospectively based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to classify the trajectory of urine output changes within 24 h of sepsis diagnosis. The outcome of this study is AKI

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Yeh, Jun-Jun, I.-Ling Kuo, Hei-Tung Yip, Min-Yuan Hsueh, Chung-Y. Hsu, and Chia-Hung Kao. "Effects of colchicine use on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk in diabetic patients with and without gout." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13133-0.

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AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of colchicine use on the risk of stroke among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We retrospectively enrolled patients with DM between 2000 and 2013 from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and divided them into a colchicine cohort (n = 8761) and noncolchicine cohort (n = 8761) by using propensity score matching (PSM). The event of interest was a stroke, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke was analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models between the colchicine cohort and the compariso

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Strohbehn, Ian A., Tianqi Ouyang, Meghan D. Lee, et al. "The effect of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir on short- and long-term adverse outcomes from COVID-19 among patients with kidney disease: A propensity-score matched study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases, December 31, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae756.

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Abstract Intro Patients with kidney disease are at high risk for adverse outcomes after COVID-19 despite vaccination. Because patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure were excluded from registrational trials, the impact of the protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in patients with kidney disease is unknown. Methods Cohort study evaluating adverse outcomes in patients with kidney disease who developed COVID-19. Patients prescribed nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for COVID-19 between March 16, 2022–November 30, 2022 were propensity-score matched to comparators diagnosed

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Katayose, Ryo, Mika Okura, Ayae Kinoshita, et al. "Association between self‐reported weight loss and new long‐term care insurance certifications: A 9‐year Japanese older adult cohort study." Geriatrics & Gerontology International, November 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.15015.

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AimThis cohort study aimed to assess weight loss associated with new long‐term care insurance (LTCI) certifications over a 9‐year period, accounting for the competing risk of death.MethodsWe analyzed data from 3749 Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years in Kami Town, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Weight loss was assessed using the Kihon Checklist during the baseline survey. Data regarding LTCI certifications were collected until March 2022. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 9‐year LTCI certification because of weight loss, adjusted for confounding f

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Wingood, Mariana, Nancy M. Gell, Dori E. Rosenberg, Gregory J. Stoddard, and Erin D. Bouldin. "Associations of Cognitively Active Versus Passive Sedentary Behaviors and Cognition in Older Adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2024, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2024-0003.

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Background: Cognitively stimulating sedentary behavior (SB) may positively impact cognition. This study aimed to (1) describe participation across types of SB among older adults with and without cognitive impairment and (2) examine how baseline SB participation impacts cognition, longitudinally. Methods: We used National Health and Aging Trends Study data from rounds 6 to 11 for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Participants were 2244 community-dwelling older adults who were selected for the SB module in round 6. The SBs were categorized as active (eg, hobbies) and passive (eg, televi

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Omura, Satoshi, Takashi Kida, Hisashi Noma, et al. "Effectiveness of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse in patients with severe microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis." Rheumatology, April 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keae219.

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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two different intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse doses in patients with severe microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Methods We emulated a target trial using observational data from the nationwide registry in Japan. Patients with severe glomerulonephritis or diffuse alveolar haemorrhage were selected and pseudo-randomised into three groups using propensity score-based overlap weighting as follows: non-IVMP, IVMP 0.5 g/day, and IVMP 1.0 g/day. The primary outcome was all-cause death, an

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Pham, Thu Thi, Katharina Nimptsch, Krasimira Aleksandrova, et al. "Pre‐diagnostic circulating resistin concentrations and mortality among individuals with colorectal cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study." International Journal of Cancer, January 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34830.

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AbstractResistin is a protein involved in inflammation and angiogenesis processes and may play a role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether resistin is associated with increased mortality after CRC diagnosis. We examined pre‐diagnostic serum resistin concentrations in relation to CRC‐specific and all‐cause mortality among 1343 incident CRC cases from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. For CRC‐specific mortality as the primary outcome, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from

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Teramoto, Masayuki, Hiroyasu Iso, Kenji Wakai, and Akiko Tamakoshi. "Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Childhood and Cancer Mortality in Adulthood Among Never Smokers." American Journal of Epidemiology, December 8, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab284.

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Abstract We examined whether secondhand smoke exposure during childhood was associated with cancer mortality in adulthood among never smokers. In the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk, we analyzed data from 45,722 Japanese lifetime nonsmokers aged 40–79 years with no history of cancer at baseline (1988–1990) who had completed a lifestyle questionnaire, including information on the number of family members who had smoked at home during their childhood (0, 1, 2, or ≥3 family members). A Cox proportional hazards model and competing-risks regression were used to calcul

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He, Peng, Xiaoyong Yu, Yang Zha, et al. "Microhematuria Enhances the Risks of Relapse and Renal Progression in Primary Membranous Nephropathy." Frontiers in Medicine 8 (December 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.704830.

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Objective: To determine whether there is an association between microhematuria and relapse or kidney disease progression in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN).Methods: A cohort of 639 patients with biopsy-proven PMN from two centers was followed for a median of 40 months. The exposures were initial hematuria, time-averaged hematuria, and cumulative duration of hematuria. The outcomes were relapse and renal progression, which were defined by a 40% reduction in renal function or end-stage renal disease. Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk analyses were performe

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Chen, Yang, Ziyi Zhong, Konstantinos Prokopidis, et al. "Associations of Sarcopenia and Its Components With Cardiovascular Risk: Five‐Year Longitudinal Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study." Journal of the American Heart Association, June 18, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.124.040099.

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Background Sarcopenia, an age‐related condition, has an unclear association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We aimed to analyze whether sarcopenia and its individual components are associated with new‐onset CVD in middle‐aged and older adults. Methods and Results Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with sarcopenia defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The primary outcome was composite CVD, comprising heart disease and stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Fine–Gray subdistribution hazards

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