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Journal articles on the topic 'Subgrid heterogeneity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Curasi, Salvatore R., Joe R. Melton, Elyn R. Humphreys, Txomin Hermosilla, and Michael A. Wulder. "Implementing a dynamic representation of fire and harvest including subgrid-scale heterogeneity in the tile-based land surface model CLASSIC v1.45." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 7 (2024): 2683–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2683-2024.

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Abstract. Canada's forests play a critical role in the global carbon (C) cycle and are responding to unprecedented climate change as well as ongoing natural and anthropogenic disturbances. However, the representation of disturbance in boreal regions is limited in pre-existing land surface models (LSMs). Moreover, many LSMs do not explicitly represent subgrid-scale heterogeneity resulting from disturbance. To address these limitations, we implement harvest and wildfire forcings in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) land surface model alongside dynamic til

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Huang, Meng, Po-Lun Ma, Nathaniel W. Chaney, et al. "Representing surface heterogeneity in land–atmosphere coupling in E3SMv1 single-column model over ARM SGP during summertime." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 16 (2022): 6371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6371-2022.

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Abstract. The Earth's land surface features spatial and temporal heterogeneity over a wide range of scales below those resolved by current Earth system models (ESMs). State-of-the-art land and atmosphere models employ parameterizations to represent their subgrid heterogeneity, but the land–atmosphere coupling in ESMs typically operates on the grid scale. Communicating the information on the land surface heterogeneity with the overlying atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) remains a challenge in modeling land–atmosphere interactions. In order to account for the subgrid-scale heterogeneity in land–a

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3

Tesfa, Teklu K., and Lai-Yung Ruby Leung. "Exploring new topography-based subgrid spatial structures for improving land surface modeling." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 2 (2017): 873–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-873-2017.

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Abstract. Topography plays an important role in land surface processes through its influence on atmospheric forcing, soil and vegetation properties, and river network topology and drainage area. Land surface models with a spatial structure that captures spatial heterogeneity, which is directly affected by topography, may improve the representation of land surface processes. Previous studies found that land surface modeling, using subbasins instead of structured grids as computational units, improves the scalability of simulated runoff and streamflow processes. In this study, new land surface s

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Schymanski, Stanislaus J., Axel Kleidon, Marc Stieglitz, and Jatin Narula. "Maximum entropy production allows a simple representation of heterogeneity in semiarid ecosystems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1545 (2010): 1449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0309.

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Feedbacks between water use, biomass and infiltration capacity in semiarid ecosystems have been shown to lead to the spontaneous formation of vegetation patterns in a simple model. The formation of patterns permits the maintenance of larger overall biomass at low rainfall rates compared with homogeneous vegetation. This results in a bias of models run at larger scales neglecting subgrid-scale variability. In the present study, we investigate the question whether subgrid-scale heterogeneity can be parameterized as the outcome of optimal partitioning between bare soil and vegetated area. We find

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5

Kunstmann, H. "Upscaling of land-surface parameters through direct moment propagation." Advances in Geosciences 5 (December 16, 2005): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-5-127-2005.

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Abstract. A new methodology is presented that allows the upscaling of land surface parameters of a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) Model. Focus is set on the proper representation of latent and sensible heat fluxes on grid scale at underlying subgrid-scale heterogeneity. The objective is to derive effective land surface parameters in the sense that they are able to yield the same heat fluxes on the grid scale as the averaged heat fluxes on the subgrid-scale. A combination of inverse modelling and Second-Order-First-Moment (SOFM) propagation is applied for the derivation of effective

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de Vrese, Philipp, and Stefan Hagemann. "Explicit Representation of Spatial Subgrid-Scale Heterogeneity in an ESM." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 5 (2016): 1357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0080.1.

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Abstract In present-day Earth system models, the coupling of land surface and atmosphere is based on simplistic assumptions. Often the heterogeneous land surface is represented by a set of effective parameters valid for an entire model grid box. Other models assume that the surface fluxes become horizontally homogeneous at the lowest atmospheric model level. For heterogeneity above a certain horizontal length scale this is not the case, resulting in spatial subgrid-scale variability in the fluxes and in the state of the atmosphere. The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology’s Earth System Model

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Ke, Y., L. R. Leung, M. Huang, and H. Li. "Enhancing the representation of subgrid land surface characteristics in land surface models." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 5 (2013): 1609–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1609-2013.

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Abstract. Land surface heterogeneity has long been recognized as important to represent in the land surface models. In most existing land surface models, the spatial variability of surface cover is represented as subgrid composition of multiple surface cover types, although subgrid topography also has major controls on surface processes. In this study, we developed a new subgrid classification method (SGC) that accounts for variability of both topography and vegetation cover. Each model grid cell was represented with a variable number of elevation classes and each elevation class was further d

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Efendiev, Y., and L. J. Durlofsky. "Numerical modeling of subgrid heterogeneity in two phase flow simulations." Water Resources Research 38, no. 8 (2002): 3–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000wr000190.

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9

Arnold, Nathan P. "Representing effects of surface heterogeneity in a multi-plume eddy diffusivity mass flux boundary layer parameterization." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 12 (2024): 5041–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5041-2024.

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Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) typically represent surface heterogeneity on scales smaller than the atmospheric grid, while land–atmosphere coupling is based on grid mean values. Here we present a general approach allowing subgrid surface heterogeneity to influence the updraft thermodynamic properties in a multi-plume mass flux parameterization. The approach is demonstrated in single column experiments with an eddy diffusivity–mass flux (EDMF) boundary layer scheme. Instead of triggering based on grid mean surface values, updrafts are explicitly assigned to individual surface tiles with

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10

Malyshev, Sergey, Elena Shevliakova, Ronald J. Stouffer, and Stephen W. Pacala. "Contrasting Local versus Regional Effects of Land-Use-Change-Induced Heterogeneity on Historical Climate: Analysis with the GFDL Earth System Model." Journal of Climate 28, no. 13 (2015): 5448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00586.1.

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Abstract The effects of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) on surface climate using two ensembles of numerical experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) comprehensive Earth System Model ESM2Mb are investigated in this study. The experiments simulate historical climate with two different assumptions about LULCC: 1) no land-use change with potential vegetation (PV) and 2) with the CMIP5 historical reconstruction of LULCC (LU). Two different approaches were used in the analysis: 1) the authors compare differences in LU and PV climates to evaluate the regional and globa

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11

Essery, R. L. H., M. J. Best, R. A. Betts, P. M. Cox, and C. M. Taylor. "Explicit Representation of Subgrid Heterogeneity in a GCM Land Surface Scheme." Journal of Hydrometeorology 4, no. 3 (2003): 530–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<0530:eroshi>2.0.co;2.

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12

Landry, Jean-Sébastien, Navin Ramankutty, and Lael Parrott. "Investigating the Effects of Subgrid Cell Dynamic Heterogeneity on the Large-Scale Modeling of Albedo in Boreal Forests*." Earth Interactions 20, no. 5 (2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-15-0022.1.

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Abstract Stand-clearing disturbances, which remove most of the tree cover but are followed by forest regrowth, affect extensive areas annually, yet each event is usually much smaller than a typical grid cell in Earth system climate models. This study argues that the approach taken to account for the resulting subgrid cell dynamic heterogeneity substantially affects the computation of land–atmosphere exchanges. The authors investigated in a simplified model the effects of three such approaches on the computation of albedo over boreal forests. It was found that the simplest approach—in which any

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13

Ke, Y., L. R. Leung, M. Huang, and H. Li. "Enhancing the representation of subgrid land surface characteristics in land surface models." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (2013): 2177–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-2177-2013.

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Abstract. Land surface heterogeneity has long been recognized as important to represent in the land surface models. In most existing land surface models, the spatial variability of surface cover is represented as subgrid composition of multiple surface cover types. In this study, we developed a new subgrid classification method (SGC) that accounts for the topographic variability of the vegetation cover. Each model grid cell was represented with a number of elevation classes and each elevation class was further described by a number of vegetation types. The numbers of elevation classes and vege

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14

Jouhaud, J., J. ‐L Dufresne, J. ‐B Madeleine, et al. "Accounting for Vertical Subgrid‐Scale Heterogeneity in Low‐Level Cloud Fraction Parameterizations." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 10, no. 11 (2018): 2686–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001379.

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15

Xu, Zexuan, Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn, Alan M. Rhoades, and Daniel Feldman. "Sensitivities of subgrid-scale physics schemes, meteorological forcing, and topographic radiation in atmosphere-through-bedrock integrated process models: a case study in the Upper Colorado River basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 9 (2023): 1771–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1771-2023.

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Abstract. Mountain hydrology is controlled by interacting processes extending from the atmosphere through the bedrock. Integrated process models (IPMs), one of the main tools needed to interpret observations and refine conceptual models of the mountainous water cycle, require meteorological forcing that simulates the atmospheric process to predict hydroclimate then subsequently impacts surface–subsurface hydrology. Complex terrain and extreme spatial heterogeneity in mountainous environments drive uncertainty in several key considerations in IPM configurations and require further quantificatio

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Eliseev, A. V., and D. E. Sergeev. "Impact of subgrid-scale vegetation heterogeneity on the simulation of carbon-cycle characteristics." Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 50, no. 3 (2014): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001433814020030.

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17

Kabat, P., R. W. A. Hutjes, and R. A. Feddes. "The scaling characteristics of soil parameters: From plot scale heterogeneity to subgrid parameterization." Journal of Hydrology 190, no. 3-4 (1997): 363–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(96)03134-4.

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18

Eliseev, A. V., and D. E. Sergeev. "Impact of Subgrid-Scale Vegetation Heterogeneity on the Simulation of Carbon-Cycle Characteristics." Известия Российской академии наук. Физика атмосферы и океана 50, no. 3 (2014): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0002351514020035.

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19

Chen, Baozhang, Jing M. Chen, Gang Mo, et al. "Modeling and Scaling Coupled Energy, Water, and Carbon Fluxes Based on Remote Sensing: An Application to Canada’s Landmass." Journal of Hydrometeorology 8, no. 2 (2007): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm566.1.

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Abstract Land surface models (LSMs) need to be coupled with atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) to adequately simulate the exchanges of energy, water, and carbon between the atmosphere and terrestrial surfaces. The heterogeneity of the land surface and its interaction with temporally and spatially varying meteorological conditions result in nonlinear effects on fluxes of energy, water, and carbon, making it challenging to scale these fluxes accurately. The issue of up-scaling remains one of the critical unsolved problems in the parameterization of subgrid-scale fluxes in coupled LSM

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20

Pflug, Justin M., Yiwen Fang, Steven A. Margulis, and Ben Livneh. "Interactions between thresholds and spatial discretizations of snow: insights from estimates of wolverine denning habitat in the Colorado Rocky Mountains." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 14 (2023): 2747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2747-2023.

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Abstract. Thresholds can be used to interpret environmental data in a way that is easily communicated and useful for decision-making purposes. However, thresholds are often developed for specific data products and time periods, changing findings when the same threshold is applied to datasets or periods with different characteristics. Here, we test the impact of different spatial discretizations of snow on annual estimates of wolverine denning opportunities in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, defined using a snow water equivalent (SWE) threshold (0.20 m) and threshold date (15 May) from previous h

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21

Arola, Antti, and Dennis P. Lettenmaier. "Effects of Subgrid Spatial Heterogeneity on GCM-Scale Land Surface Energy and Moisture Fluxes." Journal of Climate 9, no. 6 (1996): 1339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1339:eossho>2.0.co;2.

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22

Liang, Xu, and Zhenghui Xie. "A new surface runoff parameterization with subgrid-scale soil heterogeneity for land surface models." Advances in Water Resources 24, no. 9-10 (2001): 1173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1708(01)00032-x.

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23

Avissar, Roni. "A statistical-dynamical approach to parameterize subgrid-scale land-surface heterogeneity in climate models." Surveys in Geophysics 12, no. 1-3 (1991): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01903417.

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24

Squarcioni, Alexis, Yelva Roustan, Myrto Valari, et al. "To what extent is the description of streets important in estimating local air quality: a case study over Paris." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25, no. 1 (2025): 93–117. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-93-2025.

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Abstract. Modeling atmospheric composition at street level is challenging because pollutant concentrations within street canyons depend on both local emissions and the transport of polluted air masses from remote areas. Therefore, regional-scale modeling and local applications must be combined to provide accurate simulations of the atmospheric composition at street locations. In our study, we compare two strategies: (i) a subgrid-scale approach embedded in the chemistry–transport model (denoted Subgrid) and (ii) the street-network model MUNICH (Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons an

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25

Kreye, Phillip, and Günter Meon. "Subgrid spatial variability of soil hydraulic functions for hydrological modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 6 (2016): 2557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2557-2016.

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Abstract. State-of-the-art hydrological applications require a process-based, spatially distributed hydrological model. Runoff characteristics are demanded to be well reproduced by the model. Despite that, the model should be able to describe the processes at a subcatchment scale in a physically credible way. The objective of this study is to present a robust procedure to generate various sets of parameterisations of soil hydraulic functions for the description of soil heterogeneity on a subgrid scale. Relations between Rosetta-generated values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and van

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Pimentel, Rafael, Javier Herrero, and María José Polo. "Subgrid parameterization of snow distribution at a Mediterranean site using terrestrial photography." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 2 (2017): 805–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-805-2017.

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Abstract. Subgrid variability introduces non-negligible scale effects on the grid-based representation of snow. This heterogeneity is even more evident in semiarid regions, where the high variability of the climate produces various accumulation melting cycles throughout the year and a large spatial heterogeneity of the snow cover. This variability in a watershed can often be represented by snow accumulation–depletion curves (ADCs). In this study, terrestrial photography (TP) of a cell-sized area (30 × 30 m) was used to define local snow ADCs at a Mediterranean site. Snow-cover fraction (SCF) a

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27

Salmun, Haydee, Andrea Molod, and Andreea Ira. "Observational validation of an extended mosaic technique for capturing subgrid scale heterogeneity in a GCM." Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 59, no. 3 (2007): 622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00257.x.

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28

Mölders, Nicole, and Armin Raabe. "Numerical Investigations on the Influence of Subgrid-Scale Surface Heterogeneity on Evapotranspiration and Cloud Processes." Journal of Applied Meteorology 35, no. 6 (1996): 782–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0782:niotio>2.0.co;2.

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29

Rouholahnejad Freund, Elham, Ying Fan, and James W. Kirchner. "Global assessment of how averaging over spatial heterogeneity in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration affects modeled evapotranspiration rates." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 4 (2020): 1927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1927-2020.

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Abstract. Accurately estimating large-scale evapotranspiration (ET) rates is essential to understanding and predicting global change. Evapotranspiration models that are applied at a continental scale typically operate on relatively large spatial grids, with the result that the heterogeneity in land surface properties and processes at smaller spatial scales cannot be explicitly represented. Averaging over this spatial heterogeneity may lead to biased estimates of energy and water fluxes. Here we estimate how averaging over spatial heterogeneity in precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspirat

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30

Wang, Dagang, and Guiling Wang. "Toward a Robust Canopy Hydrology Scheme with Precipitation Subgrid Variability." Journal of Hydrometeorology 8, no. 3 (2007): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm585.1.

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Abstract Representation of the canopy hydrological processes has been challenging in land surface modeling due to the subgrid heterogeneity in both precipitation and surface characteristics. The Shuttleworth dynamic–statistical method is widely used to represent the impact of the precipitation subgrid variability on canopy hydrological processes but shows unwanted sensitivity to temporal resolution when implemented into land surface models. This paper presents a canopy hydrology scheme that is robust at different temporal resolutions. This scheme is devised by applying two physically based tre

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31

Liu, Chongxuan, Jianying Shang, Huimei Shan, and John M. Zachara. "Effect of Subgrid Heterogeneity on Scaling Geochemical and Biogeochemical Reactions: A Case of U(VI) Desorption." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 3 (2014): 1745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es404224j.

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Liu, Yuanyuan, Chongxuan Liu, Changyong Zhang, Xiaofan Yang, and John M. Zachara. "Pore and continuum scale study of the effect of subgrid transport heterogeneity on redox reaction rates." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 163 (August 2015): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.04.039.

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Kröniger, Konstantin, Gabriel G. Katul, Frederik De Roo, Peter Brugger, and Matthias Mauder. "Aerodynamic Resistance Parameterization for Heterogeneous Surfaces Using a Covariance Function Approach in Spectral Space." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 10 (2019): 3191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0150.1.

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Abstract Simulating the influence of heterogeneous surfaces on atmospheric flow using mesoscale models (MSM) remains a challenging task, as the resolution of these models usually prohibits resolving important scales of surface heterogeneity. However, surface heterogeneity impacts fluxes of momentum, heat, or moisture, which act as lower boundary conditions for MSM. Even though several approaches for representing subgrid-scale heterogeneities in MSM exist, many of these approaches rely on Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, preventing those models from resolving all scales of surface heterogeneity

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Janzon, Erik, Heiner Körnich, Johan Arnqvist, and Anna Rutgersson. "Single Column Model Simulations of Icing Conditions in Northern Sweden: Sensitivity to Surface Model Land Use Representation." Energies 13, no. 16 (2020): 4258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164258.

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In-cloud ice mass accretion on wind turbines is a common challenge that is faced by energy companies operating in cold climates. On-shore wind farms in Scandinavia are often located in regions near patches of forest, the heterogeneity length scales of which are often less than the resolution of many numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The representation of these forests—including the cloud water response to surface roughness and albedo effects that are related to them—must therefore be parameterized in NWP models used as meteorological input in ice prediction systems, resulting in an un

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Nose, Takehiko, Takuji Waseda, Tsubasa Kodaira, and Jun Inoue. "Satellite-retrieved sea ice concentration uncertainty and its effect on modelling wave evolution in marginal ice zones." Cryosphere 14, no. 6 (2020): 2029–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2029-2020.

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Abstract. Ocean surface waves are known to decay when they interact with sea ice. Wave–ice models implemented in a spectral wave model, e.g. WAVEWATCH III® (WW3), derive the attenuation coefficient based on several different model ice types, i.e. how the model treats sea ice. In the marginal ice zone (MIZ) with sea ice concentration (SIC) < 1, the wave attenuation is moderated by SIC: we show that subgrid-scale processes relating to the SIC and sea ice type heterogeneity in the wave–ice models are missing and the accuracy of SIC plays an important role in the predictability. Satellite-retri

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Hu, Zhenglin, and Shafiqul Islam. "Effects of subgrid-scale heterogeneity of soil wetness and temperature on grid-scale evaporation and its parameterization." International Journal of Climatology 18, no. 1 (1998): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199801)18:1<49::aid-joc224>3.0.co;2-u.

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Schneiderbauer, Simon, and Stefan Pirker. "Filtered and heterogeneity-based subgrid modifications for gas-solid drag and solid stresses in bubbling fluidized beds." AIChE Journal 60, no. 3 (2013): 839–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.14321.

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Riley, W. J. "Using model reduction to predict the soil-surface C<sup>18</sup>OO flux: an example of representing complex biogeochemical dynamics in a computationally efficient manner." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 5, no. 4 (2012): 3469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-3469-2012.

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Abstract. Earth System Models (ESMs) must calculate large-scale interactions between the land and atmosphere while accurately characterizing fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in water, carbon, and nutrient dynamics. We present here a high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) approach that allows detailed process representation of a coupled carbon and water tracer (the δ18O value of the soil-surface CO2 flux (δFs)) in a computationally tractable manner. δFs depends on the δ18O value of soil water, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil CO2 production (all of which are depth-dependent), and

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Uvarov, Vyacheslav. "Accounting for Subgrid Scale Heterogeneity in the Frames of Numerical Model for Global Distribution of Electric Fields in the Earth Ionosphere." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 19, no. 3 (2022): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2022-3-600-608.

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Purpose: Creation of a global numerical model of ionospheric electric fields with the possibility of more detailed description of their small-scale features in some limited subareas. Methods: Formulation of a boundary value task with accounting for underlined subdomain for to describe subgrid scale features and the task solution by modern numerical method. Results: Model testing was conducted. In particular, stable numerical solution was obtained for the case of small-scale localized conductivity increase due to additional ionization of the ionosphere by an auroral ray. Practical significance:

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Amrollahinasab, Omidreza, Boris Jammernegg, Siroos Azizmohammadi, and Holger Ott. "On the Interpretation of Unsteady State Experiments in Heterogeneous Rock by Stochastic Methods." InterPore Journal 2, no. 2 (2025): IPJ040625–5. https://doi.org/10.69631/ipj.v2i2nr44.

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Rock heterogeneity has a significant effect on immiscible displacement. This is especially true when the mobility ratio of the two fluids is unfavorable, favoring unstable displacement. However, this is not taken into account in the numerical analysis of classical core flooding experiments to quantify two-phase flow properties using Special Core Analysis (SCAL). Our approach combines the modern interpretation of SCAL data with experimental data measured on rock samples for which the homogeneity assumption - a prerequisite for SCAL experiments - can no longer apply due to their size and heterog

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Shaffer, Stephen R., Mohamed Moustaoui, Alex Mahalov, and Benjamin L. Ruddell. "A Method of Aggregating Heterogeneous Subgrid Land-Cover Input Data for Multiscale Urban Parameterization." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 9 (2016): 1889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0027.1.

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AbstractA method of representing grid-scale heterogeneous development density for urban climate models from probability density functions of subgrid-resolution observed data is proposed. Derived values are evaluated in relation to normalized Shannon entropy to provide guidance in assessing model input data. Urban fraction for dominant-class and mosaic urban contributions is estimated by combining analysis of 30-m-resolution National Land Cover Database 2006 data products for continuous impervious surface area and categorical land cover. The aim of the method is to reduce model error through im

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Nitzbon, Jan, Moritz Langer, Léo C. P. Martin, Sebastian Westermann, Thomas Schneider von Deimling, and Julia Boike. "Effects of multi-scale heterogeneity on the simulated evolution of ice-rich permafrost lowlands under a warming climate." Cryosphere 15, no. 3 (2021): 1399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1399-2021.

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Abstract. In continuous permafrost lowlands, thawing of ice-rich deposits and melting of massive ground ice lead to abrupt landscape changes called thermokarst, which have widespread consequences on the thermal, hydrological, and biogeochemical state of the subsurface. However, macro-scale land surface models (LSMs) do not resolve such localized subgrid-scale processes and could hence miss key feedback mechanisms and complexities which affect permafrost degradation and the potential liberation of soil organic carbon in high latitudes. Here, we extend the CryoGrid 3 permafrost model with a mult

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Galmarini, S., J. F. Vinuesa, and A. Martilli. "Modelling the impact of sub-grid scale emission variability on upper-air concentration." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 4 (2007): 12289–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-12289-2007.

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Abstract. The long standing issue of sub-grid emission heterogeneity and its influence to upper air concentration is addressed here and a subgrid model proposed. The founding concept of the approach is the assumption that average emission acts as source terms of average concentration, while emission fluctuations are source for the concentration variance. The model is based on the derivation of the sub-grid contribution of emission and the use of the concentration variance equation to transport it in the atmospheric boundary layer. The model has been implemented in an existing mesoscale model a

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Riley, W. J. "Using model reduction to predict the soil-surface C<sup>18</sup>OO flux: an example of representing complex biogeochemical dynamics in a computationally efficient manner." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 2 (2013): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-345-2013.

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Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) must calculate large-scale interactions between the land and atmosphere while accurately characterizing fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in water, carbon, and other nutrient dynamics. We present here a high-dimension model representation (HDMR) approach that allows detailed process representation of a coupled carbon and water tracer (the δ18O value of the soil-surface CO2 flux (δ Fs)) in a computationally tractable manner. δ Fs depends on the δ18O value of soil water, soil moisture and temperature, and soil CO2 production (all of which are depth dependent),

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Galmarini, S., J. F. Vinuesa, and A. Martilli. "Modeling the impact of sub-grid scale emission variability on upper-air concentration." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 2 (2008): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-141-2008.

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Abstract. The long standing issue of sub-grid emission heterogeneity and its influence to upper air concentration is addressed here and a subgrid model proposed. The founding concept of the approach is the assumption that average emission act as source terms of average concentration, emission fluctuations are source for the concentration variance. The model is based on the derivation of the sub-grid contribution of emission and the use of the concentration variance equation to transport it in the atmospheric boundary layer. The model has been implemented in an existing mesoscale model and the

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Cao, Xuejian, Guangheng Ni, Youcun Qi, and Bo Liu. "Does Subgrid Routing Information Matter for Urban Flood Forecasting? A Multiscenario Analysis at the Land Parcel Scale." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 9 (2020): 2083–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0075.1.

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AbstractThe accessibility of high-resolution surface data enables fine distributed modeling for urban flooding. However, the surface routing processes between nonhomogeneous land cover components remain in most grid units, due to the high spatial heterogeneity of urban surfaces. Limited by the great difficulty in the acquisition, subgrid routing information (SRI) is always ignored in high-resolution urban flood modeling, and more importantly, the potential impacts of missing SRI on flood forecasting are still less understood. In this study, 54 urban-oriented scenarios of subgrid routing scheme

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JIA, Yangwen, Nobuyuki TAMAI, and Norio TANAKA. "INFLUENCES OF SUBGRID HETEROGENEITY OF LAND USE AND GRID SIZE ON WATER AND HEAT BUDGETS IN THE SHUTOKEN AREA." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 43 (1999): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.43.115.

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Li, Cathy W. Y., Guy P. Brasseur, Hauke Schmidt, and Juan Pedro Mellado. "Error induced by neglecting subgrid chemical segregation due to inefficient turbulent mixing in regional chemical-transport models in urban environments." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 1 (2021): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-483-2021.

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Abstract. We employed direct numerical simulations to estimate the error on chemical calculation in simulations with regional chemical-transport models induced by neglecting subgrid chemical segregation due to inefficient turbulent mixing in an urban boundary layer with strong and heterogeneously distributed surface emissions. In simulations of initially segregated reactive species with an entrainment-emission configuration with an A–B–C second-order chemical scheme, urban surface emission fluxes of the homogeneously emitted tracer A result in a very large segregation between the tracers and h

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Stoll, Rob, and Fernando Porté-Agel. "Surface Heterogeneity Effects on Regional-Scale Fluxes in Stable Boundary Layers: Surface Temperature Transitions." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 2 (2009): 412–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2668.1.

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Abstract Large-eddy simulation, with recently developed dynamic subgrid-scale models, is used to study the effect of heterogeneous surface temperature distributions on regional-scale turbulent fluxes in the stable boundary layer (SBL). Simulations are performed of a continuously turbulent SBL with surface heterogeneity added in the form of streamwise transitions in surface temperature. Temperature differences between patches of 6 and 3 K are explored with patch length scales ranging from one-half to twice the equivalent homogeneous boundary layer height. The surface temperature heterogeneity h

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Graham, L. P., and S. Bergström. "Land surface modelling in hydrology and meteorology – lessons learned from the Baltic Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 1 (2000): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-4-13-2000.

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Abstract. By both tradition and purpose, the land parameterization schemes of hydrological and meteorological models differ greatly. Meteorologists are concerned primarily with solving the energy balance, whereas hydrologists are most interested in the water balance. Meteorological climate models typically have multi-layered soil parameterisation that solves temperature fluxes numerically with diffusive equations. The same approach is carried over to a similar treatment of water transport. Hydrological models are not usually so interested in soil temperatures, but must provide a reasonable rep

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