To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Subirrigation seedling.
Journal articles on the topic 'Subirrigation seedling'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Subirrigation seedling.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bumgarner, Mindy L., K. Francis Salifu, and Douglass F. Jacobs. "Subirrigation of Quercus rubra Seedlings: Nursery Stock Quality, Media Chemistry, and Early Field Performance." HortScience 43, no. 7 (2008): 2179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2179.
Full textAbstract:
Container seedling production systems for forest tree nurseries are challenged by the need for judicious water consumption. Subirrigation systems may provide an alternative to overhead systems by mitigating water use, yet remain relatively untested for propagation of forest tree seedlings. We evaluated effects of overhead versus subirrigation under varying media (40:60, 60:40, and 80:20 peat:perlite) and fertilization (0 or 1.2 g nitrogen/plant) regimes on nursery development and first-year field performance of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. Fertilization increased aboveground biomass production and nutrient content, but decreased root dry weight. Relative to overhead-irrigated seedlings, subirrigation increased red oak seedling aboveground biomass production as well as above- and belowground nitrogen content under fertilized conditions. Media had no effect on plant response. Subirrigation increased electrical conductivity (5 dS·m−1 greater) and decreased pH in the upper media zone (0 to 5 cm from top), whereas the opposite effect was found in the lower zone. Nursery fertilization was associated with reduced field survival and growth, which may have been the result of transplant stress resulting from higher shoot:root. Subirrigated seedlings had greater field diameter growth. Our results suggest that subirrigation could serve as a viable alternative to overhead systems in container propagation of hardwood seedlings.
2
Davis, Anthony S., Matthew M. Aghai, Jeremiah R. Pinto, and Kent G. Apostol. "Growth, Gas Exchange, Foliar Nitrogen Content, and Water Use of Subirrigated and Overhead-irrigated Populus tremuloides Michx. Seedlings." HortScience 46, no. 9 (2011): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1249.
Full textAbstract:
Because limitations on water used by container nurseries has become commonplace, nursery growers will have to improve irrigation management. Subirrigation systems may provide an alternative to overhead irrigation systems by mitigating groundwater pollution and excessive water consumption. Seedling growth, gas exchange, leaf nitrogen (N) content, and water use were compared between overhead irrigation and subirrigation systems used to produce trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings. After 3 months of nursery culture, subirrigation resulted in a 45% reduction in water use compared with overhead irrigation. At the end of the growing season, subirrigated seedlings had lower net photosynthetic assimilation, stomatal conductance (gS), and leaf area, indicating earlier leaf senescence. However, no significant differences were detected for biomass, leaf N content, height, root-collar diameter, or root volume. Thus, we suggest that subirrigation systems offer promising potential for aspen seedling production when compared with overhead irrigation given the added benefits of water conservation and reduced nutrient runoff. Continuing emphasis on refinement such as determining the plant water requirements based on growth and development as well as container configuration is needed so that the intended benefits of using subirrigation can be realized.
3
Dunlap, Layla J., Jeremiah R. Pinto, and Anthony S. Davis. "Effects of Fertilizer on Media Chemistry and Red-flowering Currant Seedling Growth Using a Subirrigation System." HortScience 53, no. 12 (2018): 1862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13444-18.
Full textAbstract:
Water conservation in nursery systems is an ever-increasing focus, yet there is relatively little guidance for growers producing seedlings intended for restoration regarding how practices such as subirrigation influence plant growth in the nursery and after outplanting. Our study investigated red-flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum Pursh) seedling development and early field performance using different fertilizer treatments under a subirrigation regime. Plants were fertilized with 1) incorporated organic fertilizer, 2) incorporated controlled-release fertilizer, 3) top-dressed controlled-release fertilizer, or 4) water-soluble fertilizer. We found that seedlings grown with organic fertilizer used significantly less water than all other treatments. Media electrical conductivity (EC) levels were significantly greater in the organic fertilizer treatment, and EC values in the top portion of the media were significantly greater than the middle or bottom portions for all fertilizer treatments. The remaining subirrigation water at the end of 22 weeks held 17% of applied nitrogen (N) from the water-soluble fertilizer treatment and less than 1% of applied N from the other fertilizer treatments. We observed no differences in plant morphology among fertilizer treatments. Seedlings were subsequently out-planted into low- and high-competition treatments, where myriad factors indicated reduced growth among high-competition compared with low-competition plots, highlighting that competition for soil water limited seedling performance. These results indicate that a variety of fertilizers can be used to grow red-flowering currant under subirrigation and that postplanting growth is enhanced with control of competing vegetation.
4
Pinto, Jeremy R., Rhiannon A. Chandler, and R. Kasten Dumroese. "Growth, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Leachate Comparison of Subirrigated and Overhead Irrigated Pale Purple Coneflower Seedlings." HortScience 43, no. 3 (2008): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.897.
Full textAbstract:
Pale purple coneflower [Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.] was grown within three container volumes (90, 105, and 340 cm3) under subirrigation and overhead irrigation treatments. Subirrigated coneflowers showed increased seedling quality with more biomass (14%), better nitrogen use efficiency (13%), greater nitrogen content (N; 11%), more height (15%), and lower mortality compared with overhead-irrigated seedlings. Plants also showed increasing height, biomass, and N content with increasing container volume. Overhead irrigated coneflowers had more leachate compared with subirrigated seedlings, which produced none. Leachate electrical conductivity and N were monitored throughout the growing season and decreased at similar rates, whereas subirrigation effluent levels remained constant. Subirrigation offers a viable alternative to traditional overhead irrigation systems by producing this native plant with equal or better quality without discharging potentially harmful leachate into the environment.
5
Ribeiro, Maycon Diego, Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi, and Roberto Testezlaf. "Assessment of Subirrigation Performance in Eucalyptus Seedling Production." HortTechnology 24, no. 2 (2014): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.2.231.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluated the performance and determined the efficiency parameters of an automated subirrigation system in a commercial greenhouse facility for clonal eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) seedling production to improve subirrigation management practices. A methodology based on the mass balance of the irrigation system was established to determine the volumes of nutrient solution (NS) applied, drained, stored, evapotranspirated, and leaked in each subirrigation bench. The application, drainage, and NS dwell time in the 55-cm3 conic containers (0.125 m height × 0.03 m diameter) and the depth of NS reached inside the bench were also assessed. The values of application efficiency, irrigation efficiency and system transport (supply and drainage), and disposal losses of NS were estimated for each bench and inferred for the entire subirrigation system. The benches had average application and irrigation efficiency values of 0.84% and 98.38%, respectively. The system showed irrigation efficiency values of 27.59% and the sum lost by transport, leakings, and disposal in the water treatment plant of 72.41%. The continuous return of NS because of the high irrigation frequency contributed to this loss, resulting in 10,070 L of NS consumed by the plants and 26,430 L lost after 15 days of cultivation. Our results demonstrated that the system presented an adequate irrigation efficiency, but a low application efficiency caused by the constant return of NS because of the high irrigation frequency and the excess of losses from leaking and disposal of NS after 15 days of cultivation. Nevertheless, the system operated like a hydroponic system, which kept the containers partially immersed in the NS and did not use the full substrate container capacity to provide adequate moisture. This reduced the overall system irrigation and the substrate storage efficiencies, which needs to be improved by proper equipment design, operation, water and nutrients use efficiency, and management to achieve all the benefits that subirrigation possess.
6
Bumgarner, Mindy L., K. Francis Salifu, Michael V. Mickelbart, and Douglass F. Jacobs. "Effects of Fertilization on Media Chemistry and Quercus rubra Seedling Development under Subirrigation." HortScience 50, no. 3 (2015): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.3.454.
Full textAbstract:
Excessive fertilization may induce physiological drought and/or ion toxicity, which can reduce growth or cause mortality in cultured plants. Although nursery subirrigation produces stock of forest trees of equal or better quality to conventional overhead irrigation, detailed analyses of fertilization responses specific to these systems are lacking. We evaluated the effects of fertility applied as a 15N–9P–12K controlled-release fertilizer at rates equivalent to 0, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, or 3.6 g nitrogen (N) per plant on media properties and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedling development grown with subirrigation. Aboveground plant growth and nutrient content of seedlings increased up to 1.8 g N/plant but declined at higher rates and total mortality occurred for treatments of 2.4 to 3.6 g N/plant by the end of cultivation. Root biomass generally declined with increasing fertilization. Media electrical conductivity (EC) increased with increasing fertility, particularly in the upper media layers, where values exceeded 3.0 dS·m−1 at the highest rates. Fertilization had little effect on media pH. Predawn leaf water potential and osmotic potential (ψS) were reduced at high nutrient applications. Thus, increasing fertility beyond ≈1.8 g N/plant in this subirrigation system apparently resulted in accumulation of excessive fertilizer salts in media and/or ion toxicity, which caused plant mortality. Because subirrigation systems are prone to persistence of residual fertilizer salts in the medium and holding tanks, fertilization prescriptions must be carefully tailored to species and cultural systems to prevent potential for plant damage associated with overfertilization.
7
Wan, Fangfang, Amy L. Ross-Davis, Wenhui Shi, et al. "Subirrigation Effects on Larch Seedling Growth, Root Morphology, and Media Chemistry." Forests 10, no. 1 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010038.
Full textAbstract:
Subirrigation (SI), where water is provided to container seedlings from below and rises through the growing media via capillary action, is regarded as an environmentally-responsible method of delivering water and fertilizer to nursery-grown plants, resulting in more uniform crops and improved production efficiency. While a concern around adopting this method is that a potential higher salt concentration in the upper layers of growing media under SI may inhibit root growth and result in decreased plant quality, few studies have focused on how root morphology is altered by SI. Therefore, a balanced two-factor factorial design with three rates of fertilization (50, 100, and 150 mg N seedling−1) and two irrigation methods (SI or overhead irrigation (OI)) was used to examine the growth response of Prince Rupprecht’s larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr) seedlings for one nursery season. Associated changes between rhizosphere electrical conductivity (EC) and root morphology of different root size classes were analyzed. Results show that (1) height, root-collar diameter, and root volume were similar between seedlings grown under SI and OI. However, (2) compared to seedlings receiving OI, SI-seedlings had less root mass, length, and surface area but greater average root diameter (ARD). (3) Morphological differences were evident primarily in root diameter size classes I–III (D ≤ 1.0 mm). (4) Fertilizer rate influenced root length and surface area up to 130 days after sowing but affected ARD throughout the growing season such that seedlings treated with 50 mg N had smaller ARD than seedlings treated with 100 mg N. (5) As the growing season progressed, SI-media had significantly higher EC compared to OI-media and EC increased with increasing fertilizer rate under SI but not under OI. These results indicate that SI can produce larch seedlings of similar height and root collar diameter (RCD) compared to OI, but root systems are smaller overall with fewer small-diameter roots, which may be related to high EC levels in SI-media, which is exacerbated by the use of high rates of fertilizer. Therefore, the EC in the media should be monitored and adjusted by reducing fertilizer rates under SI.
8
Geneve, Robert L., Jack W. Buxton, and Myra Stafford. "Copper Hydroxide is an Effective Control of Root Outgrowth in Plug-grown Seedlings Subirrigated by Capillary Mats." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 868A—868. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.868a.
Full textAbstract:
Capillary mat subirrigation provides uniform water in the growing medium to optimize seedling growth in plugs. It also offers a closed system that allows the grower to regulate the amount of water available to seedlings and to reduce water runoff. However, root outgrowth into the capillary mat can be a significant problem. Copper hydroxide (Spin Out) was painted on the bottom, outside surface of the plug container to control root outgrowth into the capillary mat. Three square and two octagonal plug sizes were treated with copper. Regardless of the plug size or shape, copper treatment was an effective treatment to control root outgrowth in marigold seedlings. Copper treatment reduced overall root outgrowth by 80% to 92%. Marigold and geranium seedlings in copper-treated square plug containers showed some reduced shoot and root development during plug production, but there were no differences in copper-treated plants compared to nontreated plants following transplanting to cell packs.
9
Macan, Natalia P. F., Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi, Edson E. Matsura, Aline H. N. Maia, Mauro A. Xavier, and Thomaz Penteado Cyrino Teixeira da Silva. "Fertilizer Recommendations for Sugarcane Pre-sprouted Seedling Production in Ebb-and-Flow Subirrigation Benches." Sugar Tech 22, no. 6 (2020): 978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00847-6.
Full text
10
Million, Jeff B., James E. Barrett, Terril A. Nell, and David G. Clark. "Paclobutrazol Distribution following Application to Two Media as Determined by Bioassay." HortScience 34, no. 6 (1999): 1099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.6.1099.
Full textAbstract:
A broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) seedling bioassay was used to measure paclobutrazol activity and distribution in two growing media following drench or subirrigation applications. The bioassay exhibited a saturation-type response curve for paclobutrazol concentrations up to 1000 μg·L-1 in solution and 100 μg·L-1 in the media. The concentration of paclobutrazol required to achieve one-half of the maximum observed bioassay activity was 3-fold as high in bark-based commercial potting medium as in a peat-based medium. Less than 2% of applied paclobutrazol leached out during the drench application despite the collection of up to 50 mL of leachate per 120 mL of the solution (1000 μg·L-1) that was applied per 15-cm pot. Immediately following drench application, paclobutrazol concentrations in both media were highest in the uppermost 2.5 cm and decreased downward. By 3 weeks after treatment, drench-applied paclobutrazol had moved into lower depths. Distribution of paclobutrazol was limited to the bottom 2.5 cm of media when applied as a subirrigation soak. Chemical name used: (±)-(R*,R*)-β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
11
George, Renee K., John A. Biernbaum, and C. T. Stephens. "POTENTIAL FOR TRANSFER OF PYTHIUM ULTIMUM IN PRODUCTION OF SEEDLING GERANIUMS WITH SUBIRRIGATION AND RECIRCULATED SOLUTIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 272 (July 1990): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.272.29.
Full text
12
Sun, Qiaoyu, R. Kasten Dumroese, and Yong Liu. "Container volume and subirrigation schedule influence Quercus variabilis seedling growth and nutrient status in the nursery and field." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 6 (2018): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2018.1444787.
Full text
13
Buxton, Jack W., Wenwei Jia, and Guoqiang Hou. "498 PB 204 PROVIDING A CONSTANT, OPTIMUM, MOISTURE/AIR RATIO IN PLUG TRAYS DURING SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 502f—502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.502f.
Full textAbstract:
The automatic subirrigation system consists of a capillary mat placed above a constant water level in a reservoir. The optimum mat height above the water level was established by slanting a flat surface so the difference in vertical height from one end of the surface to the other was 25 cm. A ground cover providing water movement but not root penetration was placed over the mat. The capillary mat extended beyond the lowest end of the slopped surface and into the reservoir, the mat at the lowest end of the slopped surface was at the same vertical height as the water in the reservoir and remained constantly saturated. Plug trays were placed at intervals of 2.5 cm in vertical height above the water level. An average of 96-100% germination was obtained with marigold, tomato, impatiens and pepper seed in trays placed 5-7.5 cm in vertical height above the water level. These seedlings continued to develop and reached transplanting stage quicker than other trays. The rate and % germination was less in trays placed on the surface nearer to the height of the water in the reservoir. Germination in trays above 12.5 cm was greatly reduced and seed that did germinate did not develop and eventually died.
14
Garcia Barreto, Carlos Vinicius, Rhuanito Soranz Ferrarezi, Flávio Bussmeyer Arruda, and Roberto Testezlaf. "Growth and Physiological Responses of Rangpur Lime Seedlings Irrigated by a Prototype Subirrigation Tray." HortScience 50, no. 1 (2015): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.1.123.
Full textAbstract:
Citrus rootstock production in Brazil commonly uses manual overhead irrigation systems to water plants. Manual irrigation systems present low efficiency, apply more water than needed, and result in release of nutrients and pesticides into the soil with a potential to contaminate groundwater. Closed irrigation systems that avoid the disposal of nutrient solutions like subirrigation can be used to increase production efficiency and reduce the environmental contamination. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of subirrigation applied by a prototype tray on plant growth and morphological and physiological responses of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck ‘Limeira’) seedlings subjected to different water levels in conic containers filled with pine bark substrate. We tested three treatments: T1) subirrigation with water reaching two-thirds of the container height (8 cm); T2) subirrigation with water reaching one-third of the container height (4 cm); and T3) control with manual overhead irrigation. Subirrigation resulted in higher plant growth of Rangpur lime seedlings. At 90 days after sowing (DAS), we observed significant effects of T1 over the other treatments on plant growth, as indicated by higher total dry mass (P = 0.0057), shoot/root ratio (P = 0.0089), shoot height (P = 0.0004), leaf area (P = 0.0005), and root length (P = 0.0333). The number of bifurcations was 400% higher in T3 than at the subirrigated treatments, which can lead to an increase in the labor costs for pruning. Seedlings grown under T1 presented leaf water potential 13% higher compared with T3 at predawn, which was the time of highest stomatal efficiency, presenting the lowest water loss, maximum stomatal closure, and higher transpiration at lower stomatal resistance. T2 plants displayed intermediate water status with a water potential 5% higher than T3. T3 plants showed a higher transpiration rate under maximum stomatal closure, reducing leaf water potential. The subirrigated treatment with water level of two-thirds of container height (8 cm) induced higher plant growth and shortened the crop cycle, anticipating the transplanting to the next phase (grafting) with the possibility of reducing production costs in the nursery.
15
Wilen, Cheryl A., Ursula K. Schuch, and Clyde L. Elmore. "Mulches and Subirrigation Control Weeds in Container Production." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 4 (1999): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.4.174.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Weed control efficacy of organic mulches as well as a copper hydroxide-coated geotextile (fabric) disk was examined using Rhaphiolepis indica L. or Callistemon citrinus [(Curtis) Stapf] growing in containers. Rout (oxyfluorfen plus oryzalin) and corn gluten meal were included as herbicide treatments. In a second experiment, the effect of subirrigation versus surface irrigation and different depths of pine bark mulch on weed control was studied. In the mulch/herbicide studies, all of the mulch treatments, including the geotextile disk, provided broadleaf weed control, but not annual bluegrass control, similar to that of Rout. Broadleaf weeds were not controlled by corn gluten meal. Although though the number of grass seedlings was reduced 49% from that of the control, Rout reduced the number by 89%. In the mulch depth/irrigation study, mulching reduced weed weight by 92% over that of the control (no mulch and surface irrigated) 8 weeks after transplanting. Subirrigation reduced the number of weeds by at least 95% over that of the control.
16
Liu, Jinrong, W. Roland Leatherwood, and Neil S. Mattson. "Irrigation Method and Fertilizer Concentration Differentially Alter Growth of Vegetable Transplants." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (2012): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.56.
Full textAbstract:
In the United States, overhead irrigation is common to apply water and dissolved nutrients to vegetable transplants during greenhouse production. Overhead irrigation allows for the control of salt accumulation in the growing medium because excess water can leach salts out of the container. Alternatively, subirrigation saves labor and improves water use efficiency, but soluble salts can accumulate in the upper profile of the containers. Consequently different sets of fertilizer and electrical conductivity (EC) guidelines are required for overhead and subirrigation systems. The objective of this project was to determine the influence of fertilizer concentration and irrigation method (subirrigation vs. overhead irrigation) on the growth of several vegetable transplant crops intended for retail sale. Seedlings of collards (Brassica oleracea var. acephala ‘Vates’), kale (B. oleracea var. acephala ‘Nagoya Mix’), lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Buttercrunch’), pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘Sweet Banana’), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Sweet 100’) were transplanted into 4-inch-diameter containers and grown in a greenhouse for 4 weeks. Irrigation was provided via ebb and flow benches (subirrigation) or hand-watering (overhead irrigation). Plants received a complete fertilizer solution provided at a concentration of 50, 100, 200, 350, and 500 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N). The treatments resulting in maximum shoot dry weight (DW) for overhead irrigated plants were 100 mg·L−1 N for pepper, 200 mg· L−1 N for tomato, and 350 mg·L−1 N for collards, kale, and lettuce. Irrigation method and fertilizer treatment significantly affected fresh weight (FW) and DW for kale, lettuce, and pepper. For kale and lettuce, regression analysis indicated that maximum DW was reached at a lower fertilizer concentration with overhead irrigation than subirrigation. The treatments resulting in maximum DW for subirrigated plants were 200 mg·L−1 N for kale, lettuce, pepper, and tomato and 350 mg·L−1 N for collards. Reducing fertilizer concentration was an effective method for controlling plant height for all crops we examined except for ‘Sweet Banana’ pepper. However, in many cases height control via nutritional limitation comes at substantial expense to other growth parameters. Our results suggest that, in some cases, fertilizer concentration guidelines for overhead irrigation can be reduced when growing vegetable transplants with subirrigation due to reduced leaching of nutrients and greater potential for accumulation of fertilizer salts.
17
Davis, A. S., J. R. Pinto, and D. F. Jacobs. "Early field performance of Acacia koa seedlings grown under subirrigation and overhead irrigation." Native Plants Journal 12, no. 2 (2011): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/npj.12.2.94.
Full text
18
Hoffman, Melinda L., Leslie A. Weston, John C. Snyder, and Emilie E. Regnier. "Allelopathic Influence of Germinating Seeds and Seedlings of Cover Crops on Weed Species." Weed Science 44, no. 3 (1996): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500094376.
Full textAbstract:
Bioassays using binary mixtures that included a cover crop with known allelopathic potential and a weed species were employed to determine the importance of allelopathy compared to resource competition as interference mechanisms. Responses of weed species germinated with cover crops in a petri dish were measured. Interference between weed and cover crop seedlings was determined in a greenhouse experiment using the additive design, which included partitions to reduce above- and below-ground competition and used capillary mat subirrigation to control moisture and fertilizer availability. Germinating sorghum reduced radicle length of weeds, whereas germinating rye tended to increase weed radicle length. Methods limited above-ground competition, so likely interference mechanisms were below-ground competition and allelopathy. Germination with a cover crop had little effect on germination and shoot length of weeds. Increased density of rye but not of sorghum reduced growth of barnyardgrass seedlings. Reduced number of barnyardgrass leaves in the presence of rye was likely due to allelopathy. Suppression of barnyardgrass dry weight attributed to allelopathic interference by rye was successfully separated and compared to the combined effects of competition and allelopathy.
19
Elliott, G. C., R. J. McAvoy, and M. Abbott. "RESPONSE OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS “GRAPE COOLER” TO MEDIA AND FERTILIZER SOLUTION CONCENTRATION USING SUBIRRIGATION." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 687c—687. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.687c.
Full textAbstract:
Seedlings of Catharanthus roseus “Grape Cooler” was transplanted to cell packs of media: peat-vermiculite-perlite (MM220), peat-hydrophilic rockwool (ABS), and peat-hydrophobic rockwool (REP) and grown in subirrigation trays using 20N-4.4P-17K fertilizer at 50, 150 or 250 ppm N applied at each irrigation. Shoots of four plants in each of two replications were harvested 2, 3, 4 and 5 after transplant. Leaf samples from the third harvest were analyzed for essential elements. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured in saturated media extracts at each harvest. Significant media by fertilizer interactions were obtained for fresh weight and leaf area at the final harvest. Greatest growth was obtained with 50 ppm N in ABS, but with 150 ppm N in MM 220 and REP. In tehse, growth was similar at 50 and 150 ppm N, but less growth REP than MM220 at 250 ppm. More growth was produced with ABS at 50 ppm N, but less at 150 or 250 ppm N. Leaf tissue N increased 38.5 to 54.5 mg g-1 dry wt. as fertilized increased 50 to 150 ppm, while other nutrients were not significantly affected. Media EC increased with time and fertilizer concentration, with EC in all media fertilized with 250 ppm N exceeding 4.5 dS m-1 at the final harvest.
20
Gauthier, Fabienne, Serge Gagnon, and Blanche Dansereau. "Incorporation de résidus organiques dans un substrat tourbeux pour la production d'impatiens et de géraniums." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (1998): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-009.
Full textAbstract:
During winter 1994 and spring-summer 1994, seedlings of Impatiens wallerana 'Accent Coral' and Pelargonium × hortorum 'Orbit Hot Pink' were grown in a commercial substrate (PRO-MIX 'BX') or in one of 24 substrates composed of perlite (35% by volume), peat moss and of six organic residues (composted water-treated sludge, forestry compost, fresh or composted used peat extracted by biofilter during treatment of municipal water, and fresh or composted paper sludge). The purpose of the study was to determine the maximal proportion of these residues to be incorporated into a peat substrate to obtain quality plants. Growth parameters (growth index, top dry weight, and visual quality) generally decreased with increasing proportion (5, 10, 25 or 40% per volume). During the winter experiment, growth of control plants was superior to growth of plants grown in substrates composed of residues. An incorporated proportion of 25% per volume was shown to be maximal for the production of impatiens and geraniums. Key words: Impatiens wallerana, Pelargonium × hortorum, water treated sludge, composted wastes, peat moss, subirrigation
21
Dong, Chun-Juan, Qian Li, Ling-Ling Wang, and Qing-Mao Shang. "Dynamic changes in bacterial communities in the recirculating nutrient solution of cucumber plug seedlings cultivated in an ebb-and-flow subirrigation system." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4 (2020): e0232446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232446.
Full text
22
Moreland, Donald E., Thomas J. Fleischmann, Frederick T. Corbin, and Janis E. McFarland. "Differential Metabolism of the Sulfonylurea Herbicide Prosulfuron (CGA-152005) by Plant Microsomes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 9-10 (1996): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-9-1015.
Full textAbstract:
Microsomes isolated from excised shoots of 3-day-old. dark grown, grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Funk G522DR and DK 41Y] and corn seedlings [Zea mays (L.), Pioneer 3245] metabolized the sulfonylurea herbicide prosulfuron (CGA-152005). Corn microsomes predominantly formed a single major metabolite that resulted from hydroxylation of the phenyl ring at the C5 position. However, sorghum microsomes formed two major metabolites in an approximate 1:1 ratio. One was the 5-hydroxyphenyl metabolite, whereas the second metabolite resulted from ö-demethylation at C4 of the triazine ring. Metabolite identity was established by mass spectrometry and co-chromatography with authentic standards. Metabolism in both corn and sorghum was greatly enhanced by pretreatment of the seed with naphthalic anhydride and by subirrigation with 2.5% ethanol 24 h prior to harvest. Metabolism required a reduced pyridine nucleotide and was affected by several cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitors (carbon monoxide, tetcyclacis, piperonyl butoxide, 1 aminobenzotriazole, and SKF-525A). The inhibitors differentially affected metabolism of prosulfuron. Microsomal oxidations from both untreated and inducer-treated tissue responded similarly to the inhibitors. In exploratory studies, microsomes isolated from shoots of wheat [Triticum aestivum L., Pioneer 2548], barley [Hordeum vulgare L., Boone], oats [Avena sativa L., Southern States 76-30-P242] and rice [Oryza sativa L„ Gulfmont], and room ripened avocado [Persea americana, Mill., Hass] mesocarp tissue also primarily formed the 5-hydroxyphenyl metabolite. Titration of seven different avocado microsomal preparations with prosulfuron provided typical type I difference spectra from which an average binding constant (Ks) of 187 ± 35 μm was obtained